Electric data acquisition system

Abstract

The invention provides an electricity data acquisition system, and relates to the technical field of intelligent ammeters, and the system comprises a first control module which determines whether there is an abnormal metering of an electricity meter group based on the line loss rate of each electric energy meter, the type of the electric energy meter, and the firmware version; if yes, the first control module monitors metering data and load data of the first target electric energy meter so as to determine whether firmware upgrading needs to be carried out on the second target electric energy meter or not; if so, the first control module generates a high-speed communication signal and sends the high-speed communication signal to the anti-distortion module; the anti-distortion module responds to the high-speed communication signal, and a target resistor is connected between a positive signal line and a negative signal line; the first control module generates an electric data signal based on a firmware upgrading program and sends the electric data signal to the first communication module at a high baud rate; and the first communication module converts the received electric data signal and sends the converted electric data signal to a second target electric energy meter through a positive signal line and a negative signal line so as to realize high-speed and stable firmware upgrading of the acquisition system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of smart meter technology, and more specifically, to a system for acquiring electrical data. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of the intelligence level of power systems, electricity metering technology is gradually developing from mechanical to electronic. As an important component of smart grid terminal equipment, single-phase smart meters have technical characteristics such as high metering accuracy, large data storage capacity, and strong remote communication capabilities, enabling real-time monitoring and two-way interaction of users' electricity consumption.

[0003] In terms of communication methods, smart meters generally adopt two technical solutions: RS-485 bus and power line carrier communication (PLC). RS-485 bus uses master-slave half-duplex communication, which has advantages such as simple structure and strong anti-interference capability. Existing technologies often configure medium-low baud rate parameters of 2400bps or 4800bps to meet basic data acquisition requirements. However, in some special application scenarios, it is necessary to support high-frequency data interaction functions such as meter data freezing, load curve recording, and active event reporting. The low transmission rate of existing RS-485 communication leads to a longer data acquisition cycle, making it difficult to meet the communication requirements with higher real-time requirements, especially for firmware upgrades. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an electrical data acquisition system that enables the acquisition system to complete firmware upgrades at high speed and stably.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an electrical data acquisition system, which includes a bus, a central device, and multiple energy meters. The central device and the multiple energy meters arranged in different industrial production sites are all electrically connected to the positive signal line and the negative signal line of the bus. The central equipment includes a first control module, a first communication module, and an anti-distortion module. The first control module determines whether there are any abnormal meter readings in the group based on the line loss rate, meter model, and firmware version of each meter. If present, the first control module monitors the metering data and load data of the first target energy meter to determine whether a firmware upgrade is needed for the second target energy meter. If necessary, the first control module generates a high-speed communication signal and sends it to the anti-distortion module; The anti-distortion module responds to high-speed communication signals by connecting the target resistor between the positive and negative signal lines. The first control module generates electrical data signals based on the firmware upgrade program and sends them to the first communication module at a high baud rate. The first communication module converts the received electrical data signals and sends them to the second target energy meter via positive and negative signal lines.

[0006] In an optional implementation, the electricity meter includes a second control module and a second communication module. The second communication module converts the electrical data signals received via the bus and sends them to the second control module; The second control module parses the firmware upgrade program based on the received electrical data signal to complete the firmware upgrade of the second target energy meter.

[0007] In an optional implementation, the anti-distortion module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a switching chip. The first control terminal of the first control module is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor, and the second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the control terminal of the switching chip. The input terminal of the switch chip is connected to the first connection terminal of the negative signal line. The output terminal of the switching chip is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor, and the second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the first terminal of the positive signal line. A high-speed communication signal is input to the control terminal of the switch chip, enabling conduction between the input and output terminals of the switch chip, so that the second resistor can be connected between the positive and negative signal lines.

[0008] In an optional implementation, the central device further includes a power supply module, and the first communication module includes a transceiver chip, a first optocoupler, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, and a first capacitor. The DI terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the output terminal of the first optocoupler. The output terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the first terminal of the third resistor. The second terminal of the third resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply module. The second terminal of the third resistor is also connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor. The positive input terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply module, the negative input terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor, and the second terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the second control terminal of the first control module. The ground terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply module. The VCC terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply module. The B terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the first connection terminal of the negative signal line. The A terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the first connection terminal of the positive signal line through the fifth resistor. The sixth resistor is connected between the VCC terminal and the A terminal of the transceiver chip. The seventh resistor is connected between the B terminal and the GND terminal of the transceiver chip.

[0009] In an optional implementation, the first communication module further includes a second capacitor connected between the VCC terminal of the transceiver chip and the negative terminal of the power supply module.

[0010] In an optional implementation, the first communication module further includes a semiconductor discharge tube connected between the A and B terminals of the transceiver chip.

[0011] In an optional implementation, the power supply module includes a voltage regulator chip, a third capacitor, and a fourth capacitor. The input terminal of the voltage regulator chip is used to connect to the power supply, the output terminal of the voltage regulator chip serves as the positive terminal of the power supply module, and the ground terminal of the voltage regulator chip serves as the negative terminal of the power supply module. The third capacitor is connected between the input terminal and the ground terminal of the voltage regulator chip, and the fourth capacitor is connected between the output terminal and the ground terminal of the voltage regulator chip.

[0012] In an optional implementation, the first control module determines whether there is a group of abnormal electricity meter readings by: For each electricity meter, determine whether the difference in line loss rate within the first time interval of that electricity meter is greater than the standard deviation; If so, add the electricity meter model and firmware version associated with that electricity meter to the abnormal electricity meter form; For data pairs formed by the energy meter model and firmware version in the abnormal energy meter form, the duplicate value of the data pair is determined according to the second time interval; If the repeated value is greater than the preset value, it is determined that there is a group of abnormal electricity meter readings, and the corresponding electricity meter is identified as the second target electricity meter.

[0013] In an optional implementation, the first target energy meter includes a second target energy meter and adjacent energy meters within a preset radius of the second target energy meter. Determine whether a firmware upgrade for the second target energy meter is necessary using the following methods: Input all metering data and load data of the first target energy meter into the multi-source data cross-validation model to obtain the anomaly identification results output by the multi-source data cross-validation model; If the anomaly identification result is a firmware anomaly, then it is determined that the firmware of the second target energy meter needs to be upgraded.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a central device, which includes a first control module, a first communication module, and an anti-distortion module. The first control module determines whether there are any abnormal meter readings in the group based on the line loss rate, meter model, and firmware version of each meter. If present, the first control module monitors the metering data and load data of the first target energy meter to determine whether a firmware upgrade is needed for the second target energy meter. If necessary, the first control module generates a high-speed communication signal and sends it to the anti-distortion module; The anti-distortion module responds to the high-speed communication signal by connecting the target resistor between the positive and negative signal lines; The first control module generates electrical data signals based on the firmware upgrade program and sends them to the first communication module at a high baud rate. The first communication module converts the received electrical data signals and sends them to the second target energy meter via positive and negative signal lines.

[0015] This application provides an electrical data acquisition system, which includes a bus, a central device, and multiple energy meters. The central device and the multiple energy meters located at different industrial production sites are all electrically connected to the positive and negative signal lines of the bus. The central device includes a first control module, a first communication module, and an anti-distortion module. The first control module determines whether there is a group metering anomaly based on the line loss rate, energy meter model, and firmware version of each energy meter. If so, the first control module monitors the metering data and load data of a first target energy meter to determine whether a firmware upgrade is needed for a second target energy meter. If needed, the first control module generates a high-speed communication signal and sends it to the anti-distortion module. The anti-distortion module responds to the high-speed communication signal by connecting a target resistor between the positive and negative signal lines. The first control module generates an electrical data signal based on the target data and sends it to the first communication module at a high baud rate. The first communication module converts the received electrical data signal and sends it to the target energy meter via the positive and negative signal lines. When the acquisition system transmits firmware upgrade programs in high-speed communication mode, it can automatically connect the anti-distortion module to the bus to avoid differential signal distortion and sampling errors. This maintains the stability of high-speed communication during firmware upgrades, allows for timely system repair, and ensures the stable operation of the point data acquisition system. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrical data acquisition system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electricity meter provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A circuit diagram of an RS-485 interface communication circuit provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A circuit diagram of a power supply circuit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a firmware upgrade process for an electricity meter, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrical data acquisition system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an electrical data acquisition system, which includes a bus, a central device, and multiple energy meters arranged in different industrial production sites. The central device and multiple energy meters are all electrically connected to the positive signal line and negative signal line of the bus.

[0020] The electricity meters here are smart meters with functions such as electricity metering, information storage and processing, real-time monitoring, automatic control, and information interaction. They employ advanced technologies such as ultra-large-scale digital signal processing chips, permanent information storage, fully isolated standard RS485 communication interfaces, carrier communication, infrared communication, large-screen wide-temperature LCD displays, and ESAM (Encryption Service Provider Interface) modules for information security encryption.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electricity meter provided in this application. In one embodiment, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the electricity meter may include a second control module, a second communication module, an LCD display module, a metering module, and a storage module. The second control module may include a microcontroller unit (MCU). The metering module may include an HT7032 high-precision, multi-functional three-phase electricity metering chip. The storage module may include an EEPROM chip.

[0022] The second communication module here may include an RS-485 interface communication circuit, a carrier communication circuit, and an infrared communication circuit, which are used to support the RS-485, carrier, and infrared communication of the energy meter, respectively.

[0023] The RS-485 interface of the electricity meter supports multiple baud rates, including 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and 115200. Existing electricity meters can achieve a communication distance of up to 1200 meters at lower baud rates. However, in special scenarios such as real-time data requirements, large data volumes, network scale, and extreme environments, achieving high-speed communication (115200 baud rate) often fails to reliably support the standard 1200m communication distance, resulting in degraded communication quality. Therefore, the electricity data acquisition system provided in this application incorporates RS-485 interface communication circuits supporting high-speed communication in both the electricity meter and the central equipment.

[0024] The central equipment includes at least a first control module, a first communication module, an anti-distortion module, and a power supply module. The first control module includes at least a microcontroller unit. The circuits of the first communication module of the central equipment and the second communication module of the energy meter can adopt the same circuit structure. Taking the central equipment as an example, the first communication module includes a transceiver chip, a first optocoupler, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, and a first capacitor.

[0025] The transceiver chip here can be a half-duplex, low-power differential bus transceiver that conforms to the RS-485 standard to support long-distance, high-speed serial communication in complex environments. The specific model can be HM485NEESA.

[0026] The first optocoupler here can be a high-speed optocoupler to shorten transmission delay, ensure accurate sampling of high-speed communication signals, and avoid bit errors. Specifically, a high-speed optocoupler of model ELS611 can be used.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of an RS-485 interface communication circuit provided for an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, in the transmitting section of the RS-485 interface communication circuit, the DI terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the output terminal of the first optocoupler. The output terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the first terminal of the third resistor. The second terminal of the third resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply module. The second terminal of the third resistor is also connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor. The third resistor has a capacitance of 3.9K ohms. The first capacitor is a 0.1uF / 25V capacitor.

[0028] The positive input terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply module, the negative input terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor, and the second terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the second control terminal of the first control module. The fourth resistor can be 330 ohms.

[0029] The ground terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply module.

[0030] The VCC terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply module. The B terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the first connection terminal of the negative signal line. The A terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the first connection terminal of the positive signal line through the fifth resistor. The sixth resistor is connected between the VCC terminal and the A terminal of the transceiver chip, and the seventh resistor is connected between the B terminal and the GND terminal of the transceiver chip. The fifth resistor can be a controllable sliding resistor with an adjustable resistance value, and the model can be MZ11-10A300-600RM. Both the sixth and seventh resistors are 10K ohms.

[0031] The first communication module also includes a second capacitor, which is connected between the VCC terminal of the transceiver chip and the negative terminal of the power supply module to protect the circuit from breakdown. The second capacitor is 0.1uF / 25V.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of a power supply circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the power supply module includes at least a power supply circuit, which comprises a voltage regulator chip, a third capacitor, and a fourth capacitor. The voltage regulator chip can be a low-dropout linear regulator, specifically a CN88L050OGR. The third and fourth capacitors are 0.1uF / 25V.

[0033] The input terminal of the voltage regulator chip is used to connect to the power supply, the output terminal serves as the positive terminal of the power supply module, and the ground terminal serves as the negative terminal of the power supply module. A third capacitor is connected between the input terminal and the ground terminal, and a fourth capacitor is connected between the output terminal and the ground terminal. The output terminal of the voltage regulator chip can provide 5V.

[0034] The second control terminal (RS485_TXD) of the first control module (MCU1) outputs the data to be transmitted as a high-speed baud rate electrical data signal (passing through the fourth resistor) to the negative terminal (pin 3) of the first optocoupler. The first optocoupler outputs a TTL level signal to the DI terminal of the transceiver chip through its output terminal. The transceiver chip sends the differential signal generated by the conversion to the positive and negative signal lines of the bus through its A and B terminals, so as to transmit the signal to the energy meter via the bus.

[0035] The RS-485 interface communication circuit also includes a receiving section and a switching section. The receiving section is similar to the transmitting section, including a second optocoupler (ELS611), an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, and a fifth capacitor.

[0036] The positive terminal of the second optocoupler is connected to the first end of the eighth resistor, and the second end of the eighth resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply module. The negative terminal of the second optocoupler is connected to the RO terminal of the transceiver chip. The output terminal of the second optocoupler is connected to the first end of the ninth resistor and to the RS485_RXD pin of the first control module. The second end of the ninth resistor is grounded through the fifth capacitor.

[0037] In this way, when the differential signal sent by the energy meter is input to the A and B terminals of the transceiver chip through the bus, the transceiver chip outputs a TTL signal through the RO terminal, and sends the electrical data signal to MCU1 through the output terminal of the second optocoupler.

[0038] The switching section includes a third optocoupler, a tenth resistor, and an eleventh resistor. The third optocoupler can be a standard optocoupler, specifically the EL816S1(D1). The input terminal of the receiver of the third optocoupler is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply module, and the output terminal of the receiver is connected to the RE and DE terminals of the transceiver chip, respectively. The output terminal of the receiver is also connected to the first terminal of the tenth resistor, and the second terminal of the tenth resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply module.

[0039] The positive terminal of the light source of the third optocoupler is grounded, the negative terminal of the light source of the third optocoupler is connected to the first end of the eleventh resistor, and the second end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the RS485_CTL pin of MCU1, which is used to control the switching of communication modules of the transceiver chip.

[0040] To further ensure the integrity of the differential signal and avoid distortion that could affect the reception and sampling of communication signals, an anti-distortion module was also installed in the central equipment.

[0041] The anti-distortion module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a switching chip. The switching chip can be an analog switching chip, specifically a 74HC4066. The first resistor can be 10K ohms for current limiting. The second resistor is the terminating resistor connected between the positive and negative signal lines to eliminate signal reflections at the transmission line ends during high-speed communication, thereby avoiding waveform distortion and ensuring complete sampling. The second resistor can be 120 ohms.

[0042] The first control terminal of the first control module is connected to the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the control terminal of the switch chip, the input terminal of the switch chip is connected to the first connection terminal of the negative signal line, the output terminal of the switch chip is connected to the first end of the second resistor, and the second end of the second resistor is connected to the first connection terminal of the positive signal line. The high-speed communication signal is input to the control terminal of the switch chip to make the input terminal and the output terminal of the switch chip conduct, so as to connect the second resistor between the positive signal line and the negative signal line.

[0043] Understandably, when high-speed communication is required in the acquisition system, a high-speed communication signal can be generated by MCU1 and sent to the anti-distortion module. The anti-distortion module responds to the high-speed communication signal by connecting the target resistor between the positive and negative signal lines.

[0044] Next, the first control module can generate electrical data signals based on the target data and send them to the first communication module at a high baud rate. The first communication module converts the received electrical data signals and sends them to the target energy meter via positive and negative signal lines. The high baud rate here can be 115200 baud.

[0045] In one embodiment of this application, when the data acquisition system needs to upgrade the firmware of the electricity meter, since the firmware upgrade program is usually quite large, if the upgrade is performed at a rate of 9600bps, the transmission process will take an extremely long time, and the unstable line during this period may lead to upgrade failure or even bricking the device. In this case, a high-speed communication of 115200bps can be used.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, in a specific embodiment, high-speed communication for firmware upgrades can be achieved through the following steps: S1. The first control module determines whether there is a group metering anomaly based on the line loss rate, meter model, and firmware version of each electricity meter.

[0047] In step S1, the first control module can determine whether there is a group metering anomaly by means of the following method: For each electricity meter, determine whether the difference in line loss rate within the first time interval of that electricity meter is greater than the standard deviation. If so, add the electricity meter, along with its model and firmware version, to the list of abnormal electricity meters.

[0048] For the data pairs formed by the meter model and firmware version in the abnormal electricity meter form, the duplicate value of the data pair is determined according to the second time interval. If the duplicate value is greater than the preset value, it is determined that there is a group of meters with metering abnormalities, and the corresponding electricity meter is identified as the second target electricity meter.

[0049] If a large number of electricity meters are found to have metering abnormalities, and they all have the same model and firmware version, it indicates that there is an abnormality in the metering program of the electricity meters. Repair and firmware upgrade are required to ensure the accuracy and reliability of electricity data collection.

[0050] S2. If present, the first control module monitors the metering data and load data of the first target energy meter to determine whether a firmware upgrade is required for the second target energy meter.

[0051] The first target energy meter includes the second target energy meter and adjacent energy meters within a preset radius of the second target energy meter.

[0052] In step S2, it can be determined whether a firmware upgrade is needed for the second target energy meter in the following ways: All metering data and load data from the first target energy meter are input into a multi-source data cross-validation model to obtain the anomaly identification results output by the model. The metering data may include total active power, phase-specific power (A, B, and C phases), four-quadrant reactive power, voltage, current, power factor, etc. Load data may include the daily power supply of the transformer area, the total daily power consumption of all users under the transformer area, frozen power collected at certain time intervals, maximum demand, and the corresponding occurrence time, etc.

[0053] The multi-source data cross-validation model here can be a mathematical model or an AI model trained based on a deep learning model; there is no limitation here.

[0054] If the anomaly identification result indicates a firmware anomaly, then a firmware upgrade for the second target energy meter is required. The anomaly identification result here can be a specific probability value.

[0055] It should be noted that the high-speed communication solution provided in this application can also be used in other situations requiring firmware upgrades, such as regular data upgrades, the addition of new service functions, changes to communication protocols or specifications, etc., without limitation.

[0056] S3. If necessary, the first control module generates a high-speed communication signal and sends it to the anti-distortion module.

[0057] S4. The anti-distortion module responds to the high-speed communication signal by connecting the target resistor between the positive signal line and the negative signal line.

[0058] S5. The first control module generates electrical data signals based on the firmware upgrade program and sends them to the first communication module at a high baud rate.

[0059] S6. The first communication module converts the received electrical data signal and sends it to the second target energy meter through the positive signal line and the negative signal line.

[0060] S7. The second control module parses the firmware upgrade program based on the received electrical data signal to complete the firmware upgrade of the second target energy meter.

[0061] This reduces the transmission time to more than 1 / 10 of the original, greatly improving the success rate and efficiency of the upgrade.

[0062] This application provides an electrical data acquisition system. The RS485 interface communication conforms to the DL / T698.45 protocol, enabling baud rate switching between 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and 115200. In high-speed communication mode, the system automatically connects an anti-distortion module to the bus to avoid differential signal distortion and sampling errors, improving the stability of high-speed communication in special environments and meeting the requirements of high-frequency data interaction. Testing shows that the electrical data acquisition system provided in this application can stably communicate at a baud rate of 115200 even under high temperature (+70℃) and low temperature (-40℃) conditions, with a communication distance reaching 1200m.

[0063] In another embodiment of this application, to ensure the stability of high-speed communication in the acquisition system, protection is added to the interface between the RS-485 interface communication circuit and the bus. The first / second communication module also includes a semiconductor discharge tube connected between terminals A and B of the transceiver chip. The semiconductor discharge tube can be an LTVB6.8CJP with a junction capacitance of approximately 50pF, used to protect the communication lines.

[0064] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some communication interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0065] Furthermore, the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0066] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.

[0067] It should be noted that if the function is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0068] In this document, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0069] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A system for acquiring electrical data, characterized in that, The data acquisition system includes a bus, a central device, and multiple energy meters arranged at different industrial production sites. The central device and the multiple energy meters are all electrically connected to the positive and negative signal lines of the bus. The central equipment includes a first control module, a first communication module, and an anti-distortion module. The first control module determines whether there are any abnormal meter readings in the group based on the line loss rate, meter model, and firmware version of each meter. If present, the first control module monitors the metering data and load data of the first target energy meter to determine whether a firmware upgrade is needed for the second target energy meter. If necessary, the first control module generates a high-speed communication signal and sends it to the anti-distortion module; The anti-distortion module responds to the high-speed communication signal by connecting the target resistor between the positive and negative signal lines; The first control module generates electrical data signals based on the firmware upgrade program and sends them to the first communication module at a high baud rate. The first communication module converts the received electrical data signals and sends them to the second target energy meter via positive and negative signal lines.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electricity meter includes a second control module and a second communication module. The second communication module converts the electrical data signals received via the bus and sends them to the second control module; The second control module parses the firmware upgrade program based on the received electrical data signal to complete the firmware upgrade of the second target energy meter.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anti-distortion module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, and a switching chip. The first control terminal of the first control module is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor, and the second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the control terminal of the switching chip. The input terminal of the switch chip is connected to the first connection terminal of the negative signal line. The output terminal of the switching chip is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor, and the second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the first terminal of the positive signal line. The high-speed communication signal is input to the control terminal of the switch chip, which enables conduction between the input and output terminals of the switch chip, so as to connect the second resistor between the positive signal line and the negative signal line.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central equipment also includes a power supply module, and the first communication module includes a transceiver chip, a first optocoupler, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, and a first capacitor. The DI terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the output terminal of the first optocoupler. The output terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the first terminal of the third resistor. The second terminal of the third resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply module. The second terminal of the third resistor is also connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor. The positive input terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply module, the negative input terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor, and the second terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the second control terminal of the first control module. The ground terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply module. The VCC terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply module. The B terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the first connection terminal of the negative signal line. The A terminal of the transceiver chip is connected to the first connection terminal of the positive signal line through the fifth resistor. The sixth resistor is connected between the VCC terminal and the A terminal of the transceiver chip. The seventh resistor is connected between the B terminal and the GND terminal of the transceiver chip.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first communication module also includes a second capacitor, which is connected between the VCC terminal of the transceiver chip and the negative terminal of the power supply module.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first communication module also includes a semiconductor discharge tube, which is connected between the A and B ends of the transceiver chip.

7. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power supply module includes a voltage regulator chip, a third capacitor, and a fourth capacitor. The input terminal of the voltage regulator chip is used to connect to the power supply, the output terminal of the voltage regulator chip serves as the positive terminal of the power supply module, and the ground terminal of the voltage regulator chip serves as the negative terminal of the power supply module. The third capacitor is connected between the input terminal and the ground terminal of the voltage regulator chip, and the fourth capacitor is connected between the output terminal and the ground terminal of the voltage regulator chip.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first control module determines whether there are any abnormal meter readings in the electricity meter cluster using the following methods: For each electricity meter, determine whether the difference in line loss rate within the first time interval of that electricity meter is greater than the standard deviation; If so, add the electricity meter model and firmware version associated with that electricity meter to the abnormal electricity meter form; For data pairs formed by the energy meter model and firmware version in the abnormal energy meter form, the duplicate value of the data pair is determined according to the second time interval; If the repeated value is greater than the preset value, it is determined that there is a group of abnormal electricity meter readings, and the corresponding electricity meter is identified as the second target electricity meter.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first target energy meter includes the second target energy meter and adjacent energy meters within a preset radius of the second target energy meter. Determine whether a firmware upgrade for the second target energy meter is necessary using the following methods: Input all metering data and load data of the first target energy meter into the multi-source data cross-validation model to obtain the anomaly identification results output by the multi-source data cross-validation model; If the anomaly identification result is a firmware anomaly, then it is determined that the firmware of the second target energy meter needs to be upgraded.

10. A central device, characterized in that, The central equipment includes a first control module, a first communication module, and an anti-distortion module. The first control module determines whether there are any abnormal meter readings in the group based on the line loss rate, meter model, and firmware version of each meter. If present, the first control module monitors the metering data and load data of the first target energy meter to determine whether a firmware upgrade is needed for the second target energy meter. If necessary, the first control module generates a high-speed communication signal and sends it to the anti-distortion module; The anti-distortion module responds to the high-speed communication signal by connecting the target resistor between the positive and negative signal lines; The first control module generates electrical data signals based on the firmware upgrade program and sends them to the first communication module at a high baud rate. The first communication module converts the received electrical data signals and sends them to the second target energy meter via positive and negative signal lines.

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