Method, device and medium for simulating detection of component replacement in operating system migration

Abstract

The application relates to the computer technical field and discloses a simulation detection method and device for component replacement in operating system migration and a medium. The method first determines component replacement operations required for migration from a current operating system to a target operating system. Subsequently, installation of a target kernel is simulated in a first isolated environment constructed through a namespace and a virtual root directory. On the basis of successful kernel simulation installation, a temporary boot environment is generated and the system is restarted to verify the loading process of the kernel. After successful kernel loading, the aforementioned component replacement operations are simulated in another isolated environment, and a simulation detection result is obtained. The application can detect kernel installation and component replacement in the migration process in advance without changing the current operating system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of computer technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, and medium for simulating and detecting component replacement during operating system migration. Background Technology

[0002] Operating system migration, especially when it involves migrating different versions or types of systems, requires the replacement of numerous system components. Accurately predicting the success of these replacements, particularly the replacement of core kernel components, is crucial for ensuring a successful migration. Existing technologies typically struggle to precisely simulate the installation and subsequent loading of kernel components without actually modifying the current operating system. They also cannot effectively verify the compatibility of other application components in the new kernel environment. This leads to significant uncertainty in the migration process, resulting in high recovery costs and substantial risks should failure occur.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simulation detection method for component replacement during operating system migration, in order to solve the problem that existing technologies cannot accurately simulate the kernel replacement and loading process without affecting the source system, as well as the compatibility of components after migration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method, apparatus, and medium for simulating component replacement during operating system migration, in order to solve the problem that existing technologies cannot accurately simulate the kernel replacement and loading process without affecting the source system, as well as the compatibility of components after migration.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a method for simulating and detecting component replacement during operating system migration, the method comprising:

[0006] Based on the preset component change policy between the current operating system and the target operating system, determine the replacement operation used to change the components installed on the current operating system to the components corresponding to the target operating system;

[0007] In the first isolation environment of the current operating system, the target kernel components of the target operating system are simulated and installed according to the replacement operation; the first isolation environment is built by creating a first namespace and mounting a virtual root directory within the first namespace;

[0008] If the target kernel component is successfully simulated and installed, a temporary boot environment containing the target kernel component is generated, and the current operating system is restarted to load the temporary boot environment, thereby verifying the loading process of the target kernel component;

[0009] If the target kernel component is successfully loaded, the replacement operation is simulated in the second isolation environment of the boot environment to obtain the simulated detection results; the second isolation environment is built by creating a second namespace and using a virtual root directory.

[0010] The simulation detection method for component replacement during operating system migration provided in this application achieves significant benefits through a phased isolation simulation and verification process. First, by utilizing a first isolation environment constructed from a first namespace and a virtual root directory to simulate the installation of the target kernel component, this method ensures that the simulation operations on the core system components are performed without modifying the currently running operating system files and processes, thus guaranteeing the integrity and stability of the source system during the detection process. Based on this, by generating a temporary boot environment and actually rebooting and loading this environment, this method can directly verify the loadability of the target kernel component during the actual boot process, thereby proactively identifying compatibility issues that would only be exposed during the startup phase. Finally, in the boot environment where the new kernel is successfully loaded, a second isolation environment is constructed to simulate subsequent component replacement. This method can further detect whether the replacement process of upper-level components is smooth within the verified new kernel context. In summary, by linking the three key steps of kernel installation simulation, kernel loading verification, and component replacement simulation, this method can perform layer-by-layer, progressive security detection on the highest-risk core aspects of operating system migration without affecting the production environment, thereby effectively reducing the risk of failure in the actual migration operation. This solves the problem in existing technologies where kernel replacement failure leads to the interruption of the entire test and the inability to continue testing subsequent components, allowing the fault to be located in a specific simulation stage.

[0011] In one optional implementation, determining a replacement operation for changing the components installed on the current operating system to the components corresponding to the target operating system includes:

[0012] Get all installed components on the current operating system;

[0013] Based on a pre-defined component change logic table, the change logic corresponding to each installed component in the current operating system is determined; the component change logic table is used to represent the component change logic between the current operating system and the target operating system.

[0014] The change logic is converted into replacement operations for the components corresponding to the target operating system; the replacement operations include at least one of the following: installation, uninstallation, retention, and upgrade of a single component.

[0015] In one alternative implementation, the component change logic table is generated based on a difference analysis of the software repositories of the current operating system and the target operating system.

[0016] In one alternative implementation, the method further includes:

[0017] Record each component in the current operating system and its corresponding installation, uninstallation, retention, or upgrade operations in the component change logic table.

[0018] In one alternative implementation, verifying the loading process of the target kernel component includes:

[0019] Before restarting the current operating system to load the temporary boot environment, a restart signal is sent to the server;

[0020] After successfully loading the temporary boot environment and target kernel components, a loading success signal is sent to the server.

[0021] In one alternative implementation, simulating the replacement operation in a second isolated environment of the boot environment further includes:

[0022] Record the execution status of the replacement operation and include the execution status as part of the simulation test results.

[0023] In one alternative implementation, the method further includes:

[0024] After obtaining the simulation test results, the current operating system will be restarted and switched back to the kernel of the current operating system.

[0025] In one alternative implementation, the method further includes:

[0026] Initialize the address of the virtual root directory, the size of the allocated space, and the components that need to be pre-deployed to the first isolation environment.

[0027] Secondly, this application provides a simulation detection device for component replacement during operating system migration, the device comprising:

[0028] The replacement operation determination module is used to determine the replacement operation for changing the components installed on the current operating system to the components corresponding to the target operating system, based on the preset component change strategy between the current operating system and the target operating system.

[0029] The simulated installation module is used to simulate the installation of the target kernel components of the target operating system in the first isolation environment of the current operating system, based on the replacement operation; the first isolation environment is constructed by creating a first namespace and mounting a virtual root directory within the first namespace;

[0030] The verification module is used to generate a temporary boot environment containing the target kernel component if the target kernel component is successfully simulated and installed, and then restart the current operating system to load the temporary boot environment, thereby verifying the loading process of the target kernel component.

[0031] The detection module is used to simulate the replacement operation in the second isolation environment of the boot environment if the target kernel component is successfully loaded, and obtain the simulated detection results; the second isolation environment is built by creating a second namespace and using a virtual root directory.

[0032] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, which are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the simulation detection method for component replacement in operating system migration as described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment.

[0033] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the simulation detection method for component replacement during operating system migration as described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment.

[0034] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the simulation detection method for component replacement during operating system migration as described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for simulating component replacement during operating system migration according to an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the customized components and calling logic according to embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the static analysis according to an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic simulation detection process according to an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of a simulation detection device for component replacement during operating system migration according to an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] It is understood that before using the technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of this application, users should be informed of the types, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in this application in an appropriate manner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and user authorization should be obtained.

[0044] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0045] Before providing a detailed description of the embodiments of this application, some of the nouns and terms involved in the embodiments of this application will be explained.

[0046] DNF (Dandified YUM) is a modern package manager for Red Hat-based Linux distributions (such as Fedora, CentOS, RHEL8 and later). It is the successor to YUM, automating software installation, updates, and uninstallation, and resolving dependencies between packages.

[0047] RPM (RPM Package Manager): RPM refers both to the ".rpm" package file format and the underlying system that manages these packages. Advanced tools like DNF and YUM are based on RPM. RPM provides more convenient features such as automatic dependency resolution and software repository management.

[0048] YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified): This is a package manager widely used in Red Hat Linux distributions before DNF. Its core functionality is similar to DNF, simplifying the management of RPM packages. In newer systems (such as RHEL8), the yum command has often become an alias or link to DNF.

[0049] CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) was once a very popular Linux distribution, built on the source code of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and offering a free, community-supported enterprise operating system experience.

[0050] Red Hat Linux (RHEL): Usually refers to Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), a commercial-grade Linux distribution known for its stability, security and long-term support, and widely used in enterprise servers and mission-critical systems.

[0051] Namespaces are a core feature of the Linux kernel used to isolate resources. Global system resources (such as process IDs (PIDs), network interfaces, mount points, usernames, etc.) can be divided into multiple independent regions, each called a namespace. Processes running within a namespace can only see and access resources within that space, and are unaware of the existence of other namespaces, thus creating a lightweight virtualization or isolation environment.

[0052] Virtual Root Directory: Allows a process and its child processes to change the root directory ( / ) that they can see. Once inside this virtual root directory environment, processes will not be able to access any file system paths outside of this directory.

[0053] InitramFS (Initial RAM File System) is a temporary root file system loaded into memory during the early stages of Linux kernel startup. Its core task is to load necessary drivers (such as disk controllers, file system modules, etc.) before the actual root file system is mounted.

[0054] Dracut is a widely used toolset in Red Hat distributions, whose main function is to create InitramFS images.

[0055] In the current IT environment, many enterprises face an urgent need to smoothly migrate their existing business systems from older Linux distributions to newer or domestically developed operating systems due to the discontinuation of maintenance for some mainstream open-source server operating systems (such as the CentOS series). Among numerous migration solutions, in-situ migration is favored because it preserves user business software and configurations, avoiding the complexity of redeployment. The core of this solution lies in directly replacing the components of the current system and rebooting to load the kernel and services of the new system. However, this process, especially the component replacement stage, is fraught with uncertainty and risk, and existing detection methods mainly suffer from two types of defects.

[0056] The first type of method is based on static analysis and prediction. It scans the software packages currently installed on the system and, according to pre-defined rules or experience, predicts whether corresponding replacement components exist in the target system and the feasibility of replacement. The fundamental flaw of this method lies in its predictive rather than simulation nature. It cannot accurately determine what specific installation, uninstallation, retention, or upgrade operations modern package managers like DNF will take for each package when faced with complex dependencies and different software repository systems. Therefore, the accuracy of its detection results is difficult to guarantee, and it cannot assess whether the replacement operation will succeed in actual execution.

[0057] The second approach involves conducting actual migration drills in a fully replicated virtual environment. While this method reflects real-world conditions, its drawbacks are significant. First, the most critical and vulnerable step in operating system migration is kernel replacement. If the target system's kernel installation or loading fails during simulation, the entire virtual environment may crash, preventing subsequent replacement tests of all upper-layer application components. This creates a "one wrong step, everything stops" situation, making fault localization extremely difficult. Second, this method consumes enormous resources and cannot completely avoid simulation deviations caused by subtle environmental differences. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simulation testing method that can be performed in a real customer environment, combining security and accuracy. This method should adopt a phased verification approach, ensuring that upper-layer application testing is only performed after the critical kernel replacement is successful, without altering the original system throughout the process. It should also record detailed execution processes to address the problems of inaccurate predictions, high risks, difficulty in fault localization after test interruptions, and high resource consumption inherent in existing technologies.

[0058] According to an embodiment of this application, a method for simulating component replacement during operating system migration is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0059] This embodiment provides a method for simulating and detecting component replacement during operating system migration. Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a simulation detection method for component replacement during operating system migration according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0060] Step S101: Based on the preset component change strategy between the current operating system and the target operating system, determine the replacement operation for changing the components installed on the current operating system to the components corresponding to the target operating system.

[0061] This step is a planning and analysis phase. First, several concepts need to be clarified:

[0062] The current operating system refers to the operating system currently running on the device, such as operating system A version 1.0; the target operating system refers to the operating system to which the device is planned to migrate, such as operating system B version 2.0.

[0063] A component change policy is a set of predefined rules or blueprints that define how software packages (i.e., components) should be changed between two different operating systems (the current system and the target system). For example, a policy might stipulate that the openssl-1.0 component in the current system must be uninstalled and replaced with the openssl-1.1 component when migrating to the target system.

[0064] Installed components refer to all software packages that already exist on the current operating system. For example, a system may have many components installed, such as kernel-3.10, glibc-2.17, and httpd-2.4.

[0065] The replacement operations are the final executable list of instructions generated in this step. They specify the concrete actions to be taken for each component that needs to be changed. For example, a replacement operation list might include: 1. Uninstall openssl-1.0; 2. Install openssl-1.1; 3. Upgrade httpd-2.4 to httpd-2.5.

[0066] This step first retrieves a list of all installed components on the current operating system. Then, based on a pre-defined component change policy, each component in the list is analyzed. This policy details how each piece of software should be handled when switching from the current system version to the target system version. Based on this policy, a detailed replacement operation list is finalized and generated; this list will serve as the basis for all subsequent simulation operations. For example, suppose the current system is OS_A, the target system is OS_B, and the installed components include kernel-A and lib-X-v1. If the change policy specifies that kernel-A needs to be replaced with kernel-B and lib-X-v1 needs to be upgraded to lib-X-v2, then the final replacement operations determined in this step are: 1. Replace kernel-A with kernel-B; 2. Upgrade lib-X-v1 to lib-X-v2.

[0067] Step S102: In the first isolation environment of the current operating system, the target kernel components of the target operating system are simulated and installed according to the replacement operation.

[0068] The first isolated environment is built by creating a first namespace and mounting a virtual root directory within the first namespace.

[0069] The purpose of this step is to safely simulate the installation process of the new kernel without touching the real system files, in order to verify whether the installation script can be executed successfully.

[0070] The first isolation environment is a sandbox or bubble space isolated from the current operating system's real environment. It is constructed using two techniques:

[0071] First namespace: This is a resource isolation technology provided by the Linux kernel that allows a process to have an independent system view. Simply put, a process entering a namespace is like entering an independent mini-system, and the operations it performs will not affect the real system outside.

[0072] Virtual root directory: This is file system-level isolation. A temporary directory (e.g., / tmp / sim_root) is created and tells processes running in the namespace: " / tmp / sim_root is your root directory ( / )", so the process cannot see or access any files outside this directory.

[0073] Target kernel components: This refers to the latest version of the kernel package used by the target operating system. For example, kernel-5.4.0-generic.rpm.

[0074] Simulated installation refers to performing installation operations, but all its effects (such as file writing and configuration modifications) are strictly confined to a first isolated environment, specifically writing to the virtual root directory, without affecting the current system's real root directory. For example, when executing the command to install kernel-5.4.0.rpm, parameters will specify that all files be installed under / tmp / sim_root, instead of the real / boot or / lib / modules directories.

[0075] During this step, a primary isolation environment is first built on the current operating system. Specifically, a new namespace is created, and a temporary directory (such as / tmp / sim_root) is specified within it as the virtual root directory. Then, according to the replacement operation determined in step S101, commands to install the target kernel component are executed within this isolated sandbox. For example, when installing kernel-B, all its files are written to the corresponding location in / tmp / sim_root, while the currently running kernel-A and its files remain unaffected. If the installation process completes successfully without errors, it is considered a successful simulated installation.

[0076] Step S103: If the target kernel component is successfully simulated and installed, a temporary boot environment containing the target kernel component is generated, and the current operating system is restarted to load the temporary boot environment, thereby verifying the loading process of the target kernel component.

[0077] This step aims to verify whether the new kernel successfully installed in the previous step can be correctly loaded and started by the system bootloader.

[0078] A temporary boot environment is a small, temporary, in-memory root filesystem (often called initramfs). Its purpose is to load necessary drivers and tools in the very early stages of system startup, preparing for mounting the actual system disk.

[0079] The loading process refers to the entire process from when the computer is powered on, when the bootloader (such as GRUB) reads the operating system kernel from the disk into memory and begins executing the kernel code.

[0080] The "Generate" step refers to creating a new initramfs file. Crucially, this newly generated initramfs will contain the target kernel component that was simulated and installed in the virtual root directory in the previous step.

[0081] Restarting refers to executing the standard system restart command.

[0082] Loading refers to the process after a system reboot where the bootloader, based on temporarily modified configurations, does not load the original kernel but instead loads a newly generated temporary boot environment containing the new kernel.

[0083] The verification in this step is demonstrated by the results. If the system can successfully boot using this temporary boot environment and enter a basic command-line interface, it proves that the loading process of the target kernel is feasible.

[0084] After the kernel simulation installation in step S102 is successful, this step creates a special temporary boot environment. The core of this environment is a packaged version of the newly installed kernel-B. Simultaneously, the system's boot configuration is temporarily modified, instructing the system to load this temporary environment on the next reboot. The system then reboots. During the boot process, the bootloader loads and runs this temporary environment containing kernel-B. If the system successfully boots into this temporary environment, the kernel-B loading process is verified, proving that the new kernel is compatible and usable at the boot level.

[0085] Step S104: If the target kernel component is successfully loaded, the replacement operation is simulated in the second isolated environment of the boot environment to obtain the simulation detection result.

[0086] The second isolated environment is built by creating a second namespace and utilizing a virtual root directory.

[0087] The purpose of this step is to continue simulating the replacement of all other system components in the environment of the new kernel that has already been successfully loaded, in order to verify their compatibility with the new kernel.

[0088] The second isolation environment is similar to the first, but it is built within the temporary boot environment created in the previous step. Isolation is also achieved by creating a second namespace and utilizing the previously created virtual root directory.

[0089] The simulation test results are the final output of the entire method, usually a report that records whether the simulation replacement operation of all components was successful or failed, as well as possible error messages.

[0090] Simulated execution is similar to simulated installation; it refers to performing all remaining replacement operations determined in step one (such as upgrading lib-X-v1 to lib-X-v2) in a second isolated environment. The effects of all operations are still limited to the virtual root directory.

[0091] After the system successfully enters the temporary boot environment driven by the new kernel (kernel-B), this step begins. The method then constructs a second isolated environment within this new kernel environment. In this environment, it executes all the remaining replacement operations determined in step one, such as upgrading lib-X-v1 to lib-X-v2. The execution status (success or failure) of all these operations is recorded in detail. Once all operations have been simulated, these records are compiled to form the final simulation test result. At this point, the entire simulation test process is complete. The method verifies both the installation and loading of the new kernel and the compatibility of other components with the new kernel, all without causing any permanent changes to the original current operating system.

[0092] The simulation detection method for component replacement during operating system migration provided in this application achieves significant beneficial effects through a phased isolation simulation and verification process. First, by utilizing a first isolated environment constructed from a first namespace and a virtual root directory to simulate the installation of the target kernel component, this method ensures that the simulation operations on the core system components are performed without modifying the currently running operating system files and processes, thereby guaranteeing the integrity and stability of the source system during the detection process. Based on this, by generating a temporary boot environment and actually restarting and loading this environment, this method can directly verify the loadability of the target kernel component during the actual boot process, thus proactively identifying compatibility issues that would only be exposed during the startup phase. Finally, in the boot environment where the new kernel is successfully loaded, a second isolated environment is constructed to simulate subsequent component replacement. This method can further detect whether the replacement process of upper-level components is smooth within the verified new kernel context. In summary, this method, by linking the three key steps of kernel installation simulation, kernel loading verification, and component replacement simulation, can perform layer-by-layer, progressive security detection on the highest-risk core aspects of operating system migration without affecting the production environment, thereby effectively reducing the risk of failure in the actual migration operation. This solves the problem in existing technologies where kernel replacement failure leads to the interruption of the entire test and the inability to continue testing subsequent components, allowing the fault to be located in a specific simulation stage.

[0093] This embodiment provides another method for simulating and detecting component replacement during operating system migration, including the following steps:

[0094] The first step is to determine the static analysis and replacement operations.

[0095] The core objective of this step is to accurately predict the specific list of replacement operations required when migrating from the current operating system to the target operating system without performing any actual changes.

[0096] The specific steps for determining the replacement operation are as follows:

[0097] First, obtain all installed components on the current operating system.

[0098] Installed components refer to all software packages present in the current operating system, such as kernel-3.10, glibc-2.17, and httpd-2.4 web server.

[0099] Retrieval refers to the act of querying and listing these components. This action is typically accomplished by interacting with the system's underlying package manager database (such as an RPM database) to obtain a complete list of components.

[0100] This step is fundamental to static analysis. In terms of implementation, besides directly querying the RPM database, a list can be obtained by calling query commands from advanced package management tools (such as DNF or YUM), or, in specific scenarios, by parsing package information contained in system snapshots or backup files.

[0101] Secondly, based on the preset component change logic table, the change logic corresponding to each installed component in the current operating system is determined.

[0102] The component change logic table is a set of rules that define how each component should be handled from the current system to the target system. For example, the table might contain a rule: openssl-1.0 -> obsoleted_by: openssl-1.1, indicating that openssl-1.0 will be replaced by openssl-1.1. This logic table is preferably generated based on a difference analysis of the software repositories of the current operating system and the target operating system to ensure its objectivity and accuracy.

[0103] This process involves a table lookup and matching. It takes each installed component obtained in the previous step and searches for the corresponding entry in the logical table to identify its change rules.

[0104] Logical tables can be generated in various ways: in addition to automated analysis based on software repositories, they can be manually compiled by system architects according to migration strategies, or a combination of automated analysis and manual review. The format of logical tables can also be diverse, such as a simple CSV file, a structured JSON / XML file, or a relational database table.

[0105] Finally, the change logic is converted into a replacement operation for the components corresponding to the target operating system.

[0106] Replacement operations are the final, executable atomic instructions that include at least one of the following: installation, uninstallation, retention, and upgrade of a single component.

[0107] Transformation refers to translating high-level change logic (such as replacement) into low-level, specific package manager instructions. For example, the logic of replacing openssl-1.0 with openssl-1.1 is transformed into two specific operations: 1. Uninstall openssl-1.0; 2. Install openssl-1.1.

[0108] To facilitate traceability and subsequent use, each component in the current operating system, along with its corresponding installation, uninstallation, retention, or upgrade operations, will be recorded in the component change logic table (or a separate static analysis result table). This recording can be implemented by writing to a local file, storing it in a database, or sending it to a central management platform via API.

[0109] The second step is dynamic simulation detection.

[0110] After the static analysis is completed, the dynamic simulation testing phase begins. Before starting, an initialization step is performed, which initializes the address of the virtual root directory, the allocated space size, and the components that need to be pre-deployed to the first isolation environment.

[0111] The virtual root directory is a path on the disk, such as / mnt / sim_root; the allocated space size is the storage capacity reserved for it, such as 10GB; the pre-deployed components are some basic tools, such as bash, coreutils, etc., to ensure that the isolated environment can operate in a basic way.

[0112] Initialization refers to a series of preparatory tasks such as creating directories, allocating storage, and copying or installing basic files.

[0113] The virtual root directory can be implemented as a regular directory on the disk, a dedicated disk partition, an LVM logical volume, or a memory-based file system (tmpfs) to pursue higher execution efficiency.

[0114] Once preparations are complete, begin executing the core simulation process:

[0115] First, within the first isolation environment of the current operating system, the target kernel components of the target operating system are simulated and installed according to the replacement operation. This first isolation environment is constructed by creating a first namespace and mounting the aforementioned virtual root directory within that namespace. This step verifies that the installation script for the new kernel can be executed without conflicts.

[0116] If the kernel simulation installation is successful, a temporary boot environment containing the target kernel components is generated, and the current operating system is restarted to load the temporary boot environment, thereby verifying the loading process of the target kernel components.

[0117] The temporary boot environment is typically an initramfs file, a memory file system that packages the kernel and basic tools; the server is a remote or local service that receives status signals; the reboot signal and the load success signal are specific messages used for communication.

[0118] Verification confirms kernel availability through actual boot loading. This verification process involves interaction with the server: sending a reboot signal to the server before restarting and sending a load success signal to the server after successful loading.

[0119] This step is the most critical verification stage in the entire solution. Communication with the server can take various forms, such as via HTTP / HTTPS RESTful API calls, sending simple status packets via UDP, or using a persistent message queue (such as RabbitMQ or Kafka) to ensure reliable message delivery. This monitoring mechanism ensures that the system's state is known even during the black-box phase of a system restart.

[0120] If the kernel loads successfully, the replacement operation is simulated in the second isolated environment of the boot environment to obtain simulated detection results. This second isolated environment is constructed by creating a second namespace and utilizing the virtual root directory.

[0121] The execution status of the replacement operation includes procedural data such as logs, error codes, and output information generated during the simulation process; the simulation test results are the final conclusive report.

[0122] Recording refers to capturing and storing all relevant information during the simulation execution process. This step also includes recording the execution status of the replacement operation and incorporating this status as part of the simulation detection results.

[0123] This step verifies the compatibility of other components with the new kernel. The way execution status is logged can be flexibly implemented; for example, the standard output and standard error of all commands can be redirected to a single log file; alternatively, more advanced logging frameworks (such as syslog-ng or Fluentd) can be used to send structured logs to a central log analysis platform in real time for more complex analysis and alerting.

[0124] Finally, after obtaining the simulation test results, the current operating system will be restarted and switched back to its kernel. The kernel of the current operating system refers to the original stable kernel of the system before the simulation test was performed.

[0125] Switching back refers to modifying the boot configuration so that the system loads the original kernel on the next boot, thus restoring it to its initial state.

[0126] This step ensures that the entire detection process is lossless and reversible on the source system. In terms of implementation, besides modifying the boot configuration file and rebooting, on systems that support kexec, the original kernel can be directly loaded and booted using the kexec command. This skips hardware self-tests and other processes, enabling faster recovery.

[0127] In summary, the simulation detection method for component replacement during operating system migration provided in this application firstly simulates the installation of the target kernel in a first isolated environment constructed from namespaces and a virtual root directory. Upon successful installation, a reboot is performed to enter a temporary boot environment to actually load the kernel. This achieves dual verification of the installation and loading process of the kernel, the most critical component, without actually changing the source system, ensuring the security of the detection and the accuracy of the kernel availability assessment. Furthermore, in the temporary environment where the new kernel has been successfully loaded, the replacement of other components is simulated in a second isolated environment. This allows for direct verification of the compatibility between these upper-level components and the new kernel, solving the problem of difficulty in predicting component compatibility in existing technologies.

[0128] To ensure the rigor and efficiency of the entire process, several key supporting features were introduced. In the static analysis phase, specific replacement operations were determined using a component change logic table generated from software repository difference analysis, ensuring the objectivity and accuracy of the analysis and enhancing traceability by recording the analysis results. In the dynamic detection phase, initializing the simulation environment, remote monitoring using server signals, detailed recording of operation execution, and restarting and switching back to the original system kernel after detection all ensured that the simulation process was well-prepared, under control, and provided comprehensive diagnostic information, ultimately without any lasting impact on the source system. These features work together to break down a complex simulation task into a series of clearly defined, safe, controllable, and reliable steps, thereby significantly improving the success rate of operating system migration.

[0129] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, a preferred embodiment of this application will be described in detail below. This embodiment discloses a method for simulating and detecting component replacement in a Linux migration scenario based on DNF. This method designs DNF components in Red Hat series Linux systems and extends the system's native DNF components in the form of plugins.

[0130] This method utilizes the loading principle of DNF components themselves. The customized component and calling logic are as follows: Figure 2As shown, the DNF component consists of Python scripts. Its entry script, after obtaining the Python interpreter, searches for and loads the specified package group of DNF itself from the Python libraries configured in the environment variables. Based on this principle, the self-developed components used for static scanning and dynamic simulation detection are encapsulated into a Python module and stored in the corresponding DNF directory of the Python library.

[0131] When a test is required, the user can trigger the execution of the built-in program by invoking the native DNF command and specifying the sub-command field encapsulated in this solution. Since the test script is a sub-process loaded and executed by DNF, it can easily obtain and record the database of software packages currently used by DNF, and capture the execution process and results that are actually executed by DNF but not provided by the native program during the dynamic simulation phase, thereby achieving deep integration.

[0132] During the static analysis process, the main focus is on the migration scenario, such as whether there are alternative components for the software packages and corresponding versions already installed in the current environment in the new system repository, and what the replacement strategy is, in order to determine what kind of replacement instructions DNF will issue to these software packages, and to summarize this information for other migration modules to use for secondary analysis.

[0133] The specific analysis process is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the process includes the following:

[0134] First, access the system's RPM database to retrieve complete information on all currently installed components, including component names, versions, dependencies, etc., and add this information to the list to be analyzed.

[0135] Secondly, the acquired software list is traversed, and the built-in, pre-prepared source and destination operating system component change database is opened. This database is generated based on the difference analysis of the source and destination operating system software repositories, determining the change logic for each software package that requires special handling. This significantly reduces the real-time computation load of the analysis module.

[0136] During the table lookup process, if a certain software is not recorded, there are two possibilities: either the software has a corresponding component version in the new system repository, and can be upgraded directly using DNF's updates command; or the software's change information has not been collected in the database. In this case, DNF will also try to upgrade using updates by default without configuring special handling measures, but may encounter problems during execution and retain the original package.

[0137] If a special handling measure is found during the table scan, the module will break it down into four types of processing operations that directly correspond to a single software package: installation, uninstallation, retention, and upgrade. These operations will then be recorded in the actual change configuration file loaded by the DNF component.

[0138] Finally, for each individual software package that is traversed, regardless of the situation, the component difference information and the DNF change operation information of the component will be recorded in the static analysis data table for use in subsequent module secondary analysis or result presentation.

[0139] The dynamic analysis process is the stage that truly determines the actual execution of DNF components in response to changes to all system components. Its core challenge lies in both actually executing a component change operation in DNF and ensuring that the client's current environment remains unchanged. This solution addresses this issue through phased simulation testing.

[0140] Before dynamic detection begins, the module initializes. First, it checks if the current system has dependencies that support namespaces and if the necessary components for creating InitramFS exist. Then, depending on the migration scenario, it initializes the InitramFS environment creation process and the mounted volumes used. This includes setting the virtual root directory address, allocating space (for basic system components, excluding business data, the estimated size of the software itself is approximately 10GB or less), specifying the mount points to be replaced, and listing the components that need to be pre-deployed into the namespace for simulation. The initialization also includes specifying the target operating system repository after mounting the virtual root directory to deploy the basic components required for detection.

[0141] Dynamic detection is divided into three stages, such as Figure 4 As shown, the process includes the following:

[0142] First simulation phase: Verification of the pre-installed new system kernel process detection.

[0143] At this stage, a namespace is entered, and within this isolated environment, a virtual root directory within the mounted volume is specified. The target operating system repository is also specified to deploy the system kernel components. The purpose of this step is to simulate and test the reliability and integrity of the kernel component deployment process from the target repository.

[0144] The second simulation testing phase: verifying the new kernel loading process.

[0145] After the first phase of deployment simulation passes, an InitramFS containing the new kernel will be generated, and the system boot file will be configured. This InitramFS will serve as the simulation environment for the second and third phases of testing. Before restarting the system, a restart signal will be sent to a server, which will then start timing upon receiving the signal. Due to the modification of the system boot file, this restart will directly enter the InitramFS. Once the test node starts and successfully loads the InitramFS and the new kernel, it will send another startup success signal to the server. Upon receiving feedback from the server, the program will begin sending logs and the test results for this phase. After passing this phase, the verified kernel module will be directly loaded and used during the actual migration process without needing to be reinstalled.

[0146] The third testing phase: simulating the replacement of upper-layer application components.

[0147] After successfully loading the new kernel, InitramFS re-enters a namespace and simulates the replacement of upper-layer application components in the virtual root directory, while recording the execution process and the final result verification program. Since this process takes place within a namespace, the isolated environment is released after the detection is complete.

[0148] After all simulation tests are completed and passed, the environment will be restarted and switched back to the original system kernel. Then, all test results will be summarized, stored in the database, and finally a complete report will be output.

[0149] In summary, the DNF-based Linux migration scenario component replacement simulation detection method provided in this embodiment significantly improves the reliability and accuracy of operating system migration detection by decomposing the simulation detection process into two stages: static analysis and dynamic simulation. Compared with static analysis methods that rely solely on rule-based inference, this method can simulate the actual changes of all components during the migration process, resulting in more reliable results. More importantly, compared to a one-time migration drill in a complete virtual environment, this solution subdivides the dynamic simulation into three interconnected stages: kernel pre-installation verification, kernel loading verification, and upper-layer application replacement verification. This phased design allows for immediate identification of the specific stage—kernel installation, kernel loading, or upper-layer application replacement—when problems occur during detection, providing precise clues for problem-solving. Furthermore, since the entire simulation process utilizes namespace and other technologies within the node's own environment, it not only greatly reduces resource consumption but also ensures the accuracy of the simulation results.

[0150] This embodiment also provides a simulation detection device for component replacement during operating system migration. This device is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments, and details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can be a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0151] This embodiment provides a simulation detection device for component replacement during operating system migration, such as... Figure 5 As shown, it includes:

[0152] The replacement operation determination module 501 is used to determine the replacement operation for changing the components installed on the current operating system to the components corresponding to the target operating system, based on the preset component change strategy between the current operating system and the target operating system.

[0153] The simulation installation module 502 is used to simulate the installation of the target kernel components of the target operating system in the first isolation environment of the current operating system, according to the replacement operation; the first isolation environment is constructed by creating a first namespace and mounting a virtual root directory in the first namespace;

[0154] The verification module 503 is used to generate a temporary boot environment containing the target kernel component if the target kernel component is successfully simulated and installed, and to restart the current operating system to load the temporary boot environment, thereby verifying the loading process of the target kernel component.

[0155] The detection module 504 is used to simulate the replacement operation in the second isolation environment of the boot environment if the target kernel component is successfully loaded, and obtain the simulated detection result; the second isolation environment is built by creating a second namespace and using a virtual root directory.

[0156] The simulation detection device for component replacement during operating system migration provided in this application can execute the simulation detection method for component replacement during operating system migration provided in any embodiment of this application, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method. Further functional descriptions of the above modules and units are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0157] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0158] The following is a detailed reference. Figure 6This diagram illustrates a suitable structural schematic for implementing the electronic device described in the embodiments of this application. The electronic device may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit, graphics processor, etc.) 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 602 or a program loaded from memory 608 into random access memory (RAM) 603. The RAM 603 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. The processor 601, ROM 602, and RAM 603 are interconnected via a bus 604. An input / output (I / O) interface 605 is also connected to the bus 604.

[0159] Typically, the following devices can be connected to I / O interface 605: input devices 606 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, cameras, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 607 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; memory devices 608 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 609. Communication device 609 allows electronic devices to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although Figure 6 Electronic devices with various devices are shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all of the devices shown, and more or fewer devices may be implemented or have instead.

[0160] Specifically, according to embodiments of this application, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication device 609, or installed from memory 608, or installed from ROM 602. When the computer program is executed by processor 601, it performs the functions defined in the simulation detection method for component replacement during operating system migration according to embodiments of this application.

[0161] Figure 6 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of this application.

[0162] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described in this application can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as recordable on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded over a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and then stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, the simulation detection method for component replacement during operating system migration shown in the above embodiments is implemented.

[0163] A portion of this application can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to this application through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0164] Although embodiments of this application have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for simulating and detecting component replacement during operating system migration, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the preset component change policy between the current operating system and the target operating system, determine the replacement operation used to change the components installed on the current operating system to the components corresponding to the target operating system; In the first isolation environment of the current operating system, the target kernel components of the target operating system are simulated and installed according to the replacement operation; the first isolation environment is constructed by creating a first namespace and mounting a virtual root directory within the first namespace; If the target kernel component is successfully simulated and installed, a temporary boot environment containing the target kernel component is generated, and the current operating system is restarted to load the temporary boot environment, thereby verifying the loading process of the target kernel component; If the target kernel component is successfully loaded, the replacement operation is simulated in the second isolation environment of the boot environment to obtain the simulated detection result; the second isolation environment is constructed by creating a second namespace and utilizing the virtual root directory.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the replacement operation for changing the components installed on the current operating system to the components corresponding to the target operating system includes: Obtain all installed components on the current operating system; Based on a preset component change logic table, the change logic corresponding to each installed component in the current operating system is determined; the component change logic table is used to represent the component change logic between the current operating system and the target operating system. The change logic is converted into a replacement operation for the component corresponding to the target operating system; the replacement operation includes at least one of installing, uninstalling, retaining and upgrading a single component.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The component change logic table is generated based on a difference analysis of the software repositories of the current operating system and the target operating system.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Each component in the current operating system and its corresponding installation, uninstallation, retention, or upgrade operations are recorded in the component change logic table.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of verifying the loading of the target kernel component includes: Before restarting the current operating system to load the temporary boot environment, a restart signal is sent to the server; After successfully loading the temporary boot environment and the target kernel component, a loading success signal is sent to the server.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of simulating the replacement operation in the second isolated environment of the boot environment further includes: Record the execution status of the replacement operation and include the execution status as part of the simulation detection results.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: After obtaining the simulation test results, the current operating system is restarted and switched back to the kernel of the current operating system.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The address of the virtual root directory, the size of the allocated space, and the components that need to be pre-deployed to the first isolation environment are initialized.

9. A simulation detection device for component replacement during operating system migration, characterized in that, The device includes: The replacement operation determination module is used to determine the replacement operation for changing the components installed on the current operating system to the components corresponding to the target operating system, based on the preset component change strategy between the current operating system and the target operating system. The simulation installation module is used to simulate the installation of the target kernel components of the target operating system in a first isolated environment of the current operating system, according to the replacement operation; the first isolated environment is constructed by creating a first namespace and mounting a virtual root directory within the first namespace; The verification module is used to generate a temporary boot environment containing the target kernel component if the target kernel component is successfully simulated and installed, and to restart the current operating system to load the temporary boot environment, thereby verifying the loading process of the target kernel component. The detection module is used to simulate the replacement operation in the second isolation environment of the boot environment if the target kernel component is successfully loaded, and obtain the simulated detection result; the second isolation environment is constructed by creating a second namespace and utilizing the virtual root directory.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the simulation detection method for component replacement in operating system migration as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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