System for designing low-voltage distribution network of local network station

Abstract

The invention relates to a system comprising a control unit (100) and a three-phase measurement sensor (201, 202, 203, 204), the three-phase measurement sensor (201, 202, 203, 204) being connected at least for current measurement to a low-voltage output (11, 12, 13, 14) of a local network station (10), the low-voltage output (11, 12, 13, 14) being connected to a power distribution network (10) comprising a generator (E1) and / or a consumer (V1, V2). The controller (100) and the three-phase measurement sensors (201, 202, 203, 204) are arranged in the local network station (10). The controller (100) has a data interface (120) for acquiring measured values (M) of power of connected three-phase measurement sensors (201, 202, 203, 204) with an associated timestamp (ts). The controller (100) has a communication interface (110) for connection to a superordinate unit (910, 920, 930) outside the local network station (10). The controller (100) has, in a local memory (130), a first memory area (131) for storing measurements (M) with associated timestamps (ts).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Low-voltage networks are part of the power grid used for distributing electrical energy, for example, to electrical end-user devices (low-voltage equipment), and are managed by multi-regional distribution network operators. To avoid power loss, low-voltage networks are spatially limited to a range of several hundred meters to several kilometers. Therefore, power is supplied to these low-voltage networks from the upper-level medium-voltage network via local network stations (also called substations). Unlike other voltage levels, in much of Europe, low-voltage networks are not three-wire but four-wire systems to allow connection of single-phase devices.

[0002] These power supplies typically operate on network voltages ranging from 230V / 400V (single-phase / three-phase) to 1000V. Background Technology

[0003] A method for controlling the stability of a low-voltage network is known from EP 2 592 709 A1, wherein current is supplied to the low-voltage network from a local network transformer. The low-voltage network has a main power line, wherein power is introduced from the main power line through a network branch point into at least one branch power line, on which at least one power consumer (consumer) and / or power generator (feeder) is connected. The branch power line, together with the consumer and / or feeder connected thereto, forms a self-sufficient network area. At least one sensor is installed at the network branch point where the branch power line branches off from the main power line. The sensor measures the current in the branch power line and / or the voltage on the branch power line.

[0004] WO 2011 / 126732 A1 discloses a system and method for calculating load models and associated adjustable parameters, which can be used to describe the characteristics of electrical consumers connected to a power distribution system. The load model can be used to predict demand fluctuations caused by changes in power supply voltage and to determine optimized control strategies based on load dynamics.

[0005] Furthermore, EP 3 107 174 A1 describes a method for operating a power supply network with subnetworks, the subnetworks including electrical loads and / or power sources equipped with a distributed control device. The control device generates control signals by means of the control device, taking into account the components of the subnetwork, using state values ​​indicating the current electrical operating state of the subnetwork. The distributed control device includes a state evaluation device, by means of which the state values ​​are evaluated using input signals provided by the state evaluation device. The state values ​​are then examined by the evaluation device to determine whether these state values ​​indicate an undesirable electrical operating state of the subnetwork of the power supply network, and if the state values ​​indicate an undesirable electrical operating state, whether a control signal is generated. To enable relatively simple state evaluation without requiring expensive measurement techniques set up in the subnetwork, it is proposed to provide the state evaluation device with input signals indicating the environmental state and / or the electrical state of the subnetwork in a region of the subnetwork at a measurement location assigned to at least one subnetwork, and the state evaluation device includes an artificial neural network trained to determine the state values ​​using the input signals.

[0006] A computer-aided energy allocation method for distributed energy networks is known from the publicly available document WO 2012 / 037989 A1. This method employs mathematical optimization techniques to improve the control of active power available at different points within the energy network during network operation. Crucially, it controls the energy consumption or supply of distributed energy consumers or generators through the evaluation of measured values.

[0007] In addition, a method for determining the electrical load flow in an electrical power supply network is known from the published document WO 2010 / 0357516A1, in which the load characteristics of the power consumers are dynamically adjusted during the operation of the power supply network by means of measurements. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The objective of this invention is to provide a system that improves the design of low-voltage distribution networks for local network stations as much as possible.

[0009] This task is solved by a system having the features of claim 1. An advantageous improvement is the technical solution of the dependent claim.

[0010] Therefore, a system is provided that has a controller and multiple three-phase measurement sensors. One three-phase measurement sensor is connected to the low-voltage output of a local network station, at least for current measurement. A distribution network with generators and / or power consumers is connected to the low-voltage output.

[0011] The controller and three-phase measurement sensors are located in the local network station.

[0012] The controller has a data interface for acquiring electrical measurements with associated timestamps from connected three-phase measurement sensors.

[0013] The controller has a communication interface for connecting to higher-level units outside the local network station.

[0014] The controller has a first storage area in local memory for storing measurement values ​​with associated timestamps.

[0015] The controller has a second storage area in its local memory for storing network topology data. This network topology data includes not only the line characteristics of the distribution network but also the power consumption characteristics of electrical appliances and / or the generator characteristics of the distribution network's generators.

[0016] The controller has a computing unit designed to perform the following steps:

[0017] Requests are received via a communication interface for outputting energy flow in the distribution network.

[0018] A time period is selected for the measurement values, which have timestamps within that time period. Energy flow values ​​are calculated based on network topology data and the measurement values ​​within the time period.

[0019] The calculation results are provided in the controller's server for transmission via the communication interface.

[0020] Here, a three-phase measurement sensor is understood to mean at least one three-phase measurement sensor, allowing one, two, or more three-phase measurement sensors to be connected via the controller's data interface. The three-phase measurement sensor is advantageously configured for separate current measurements of conductors L1, L2, L3, and N. An example of a three-phase measurement sensor is the applicant's three-phase power measurement module 750-495 with associated Rogowski coils, through which a wide range of electrical parameters can be measured, such as current, voltage, active power, reactive power, phase, frequency, etc. Alternatively, other three-phase measurement sensors can also be used.

[0021] For example, the PFC200 provided by the applicant can be used as a controller. Alternatively, other controllers can also be used.

[0022] Here, the number of low-voltage output terminals is variable; that is, it should be understood as at least one low-voltage output terminal. A local network station typically has one, two, or more low-voltage output terminals. Low-voltage output terminals are often part of the low-voltage network, also known as the distribution network.

[0023] In addition to local network stations, a distribution network may include power consumers (e.g., vehicle charging stations), service lines, and / or generators (e.g., central thermal power plants or photovoltaic systems). Generators may also be referred to as feeders. A distribution network may have multiple power consumers and generators.

[0024] By deploying the controller and three-phase measurement sensors locally within the local network station, it is unnecessary to transmit measurement data to a higher-level unit outside the local network station for evaluation. In this arrangement, the controller and three-phase measurement sensors are located within the building or facility of the local network station.

[0025] The controller has two distinct interfaces. At a minimum, the controller has a data interface and a communication interface. Additionally, the controller may have other interfaces, such as a service interface for maintenance or configuration purposes. The data interface provides connectivity to one or more three-phase measurement sensors. The communication interface is, for example, a network interface used to transmit data to or from a higher-level unit via a protocol. For instance, the communication interface transmits and receives data using an Ethernet-based protocol.

[0026] The upper-level unit is not located in a local network station, but is connected, for example, via a LAN cable. The upper-level unit can be, for example, a specific computer or a cloud application on a local remote server. Alternatively, the communication interface is a USB interface, which can be connected to a computer located outside the local network station.

[0027] The controller's local memory is read and written by the computing unit without requiring a connection via a communication interface. Therefore, the local memory is directly connected to the computing unit. Correspondingly, each measurement value from the three-phase measurement sensor can be directly written to the first storage area, for example, using a DMA (Direct Memory Access) controller included in the controller.

[0028] Here, the local storage of network topology data in the second storage area includes data connected to the distribution network on the local network station. Accordingly, the amount of data is limited by the connected distribution network. Consequently, the amount of data is also limited by the connected distribution network. Therefore, it is not necessary to transmit large amounts of data through the communication interface. For example, necessary changes to the network topology data can be transmitted through the communication interface and also stored in the second storage area of ​​the local memory.

[0029] Since the controller is located in a local network station, the calculation of energy flow via the controller's computing unit can also be performed locally within the local network station. Therefore, the calculation algorithm is advantageously optimized so that it operates with relatively low computing power from the controller's computing unit. No additional external computing power, such as cloud computing power, is required. Consequently, the calculations within the controller at the local network station can be performed independently.

[0030] The steps performed in the controller (receive, select, calculate, and provide) do not necessarily have to be executed in a given order. For example, receiving a request only once and then looping through the selection and calculation processes is sufficient. Alternatively, selection and calculation can be event-controlled, such as performing each time a request is received. For example, calculation results can be provided continuously. Alternatively, calculation results can be provided based on requests.

[0031] The server implemented in the controller that provides the computation results is, for example, a web server, which transmits the computation results to clients such as web browsers. The web server is, for example, the web server software within the controller.

[0032] According to an advantageous improvement, the controller's server is designed to provide multiple services operable via a communication interface. At least one service is provided. These services include, for example, a predetermined view of measured values ​​or calculation results, such as a graphical view, or views exceeding limits or indicating ranges, etc. Further services include calculation configurations, such as simulating changes in the power distribution network, obtaining average values ​​over a longer time period, etc.

[0033] According to an advantageous improvement, the controller's server is designed to provide computation results using graphical objects. These graphical objects can advantageously possess immutable graphical elements and / or time-variable graphical elements and / or numbers and / or text. For example, for a specific type of power consumer, the symbols and views of the virtual device are stored as graphical objects, thereby automatically generating graphical objects from the stored content for all power consumers of that type.

[0034] According to an advantageous improvement, graphical objects are mutually assigned based on network topology data and assigned to one of the low-voltage output terminals. For example, the assignment is performed through local positioning within a map or a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure.

[0035] According to an advantageous improvement, at least one graphical object is assigned to the calculation result. For example, this assignment can be formed by numerical values ​​and / or the size and / or color of the graphical elements.

[0036] According to an advantageous improvement, graphical objects can be transmitted via a communication interface. Preferably, the graphical objects can be transmitted to a higher-level unit. For example, objects with related structures can be transmitted. Alternatively, the structure can be specified by the higher-level program, thereby integrating the object into the program.

[0037] According to an advantageous improvement, the controller's server is designed to assign time curves of calculated power values ​​to objects. Here, the time curves of the calculated power values ​​and / or the graphical displays generated from these time curves can be transmitted via a communication interface. For example, the energy flow on a cable can be calculated over a period of time. The average value of the calculated energy flow through the cable (e.g., over 15 minutes) is input as a value into a graph, and the graph, as a graphical object assigned to the cable, is transmitted via the communication interface. Accordingly, graphs of power consumers or feeders can be automatically created using the calculation results, and these graphs are transmitted via the communication interface.

[0038] According to an advantageous improvement, the controller's server is designed to receive selection control data via a communication interface. The server is advantageously designed to select multiple graphical objects based on the selection control data. For example, the selection control data may contain multiple cables in a distribution network area previously selected by the user, for example, through input. Using the selection control data, the calculation results for the energy flow of the cables are transmitted via the communication interface, for example, in tabular or graphical form. Furthermore, other calculation results, such as current, voltage, phase, active power, etc., related to energy flow, or results exceeding thresholds or similar, can be transmitted via the communication interface as graphical elements of digital and / or text and / or graphical objects.

[0039] According to an advantageous improvement, for providing functionality, the controller's server is designed to arrange graphical objects in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space based on network topology data. This spatial arrangement advantageously corresponds to the geographical conditions of the power distribution network. Such an arrangement can be, for example, an abstract view or a structure presented in a concrete map.

[0040] According to an advantageous improvement, the controller is designed to transmit control data via a control connection to the generator controller of the generator and / or the power consumer controller of the power consumer. The controller is designed to generate control data. The controller is advantageously configured to generate control data autonomously, particularly based on measured values. It is also possible that the control data generated by the controller depends on communication with a higher-level unit. For example, the higher-level unit for energy management determines the power output of the local network station, and thus the energy consumption of larger power consumers depends on said power output.

[0041] According to an advantageous improvement, the controller is designed to receive data from a generator controller and / or an appliance controller via a control connection. For example, the appliance controller can report energy consumption over a period of time. The controller can then adjust the characteristics of the appliance using the reported data.

[0042] According to an advantageous improvement, a coupling circuit is provided that connects the controller to the low-voltage output. The coupling circuit is designed to establish a control connection via a power distribution network connected to the low-voltage output. Such a coupling circuit is, for example, a power line modem.

[0043] According to an advantageous improvement, the controller and / or coupling circuitry is designed for encrypted transmission of control data over a control connection. The encrypted control connection can be established, for example, via HTTPS or a VPN tunnel.

[0044] According to an advantageous improvement, the controller is designed to generate control data based on calculations. For example, multiple feeders and numerous power consumers may cause localized overloads in cable sections, which rarely occur during normal control operation. Localized overloads can be identified using calculations, and power consumers can temporarily reduce or shut down their power input to reduce the load in the cable section. Therefore, the distribution network can be used optimally without a larger safety margin. Attached Figure Description

[0045] The invention will then be described in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. In these drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a local network station, a distribution network, and a superior unit;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic chart showing the measured values.

[0048] Figure 3 An illustrative web browser view of one embodiment is shown;

[0049] Figure 4 An illustrative web browser view showing another embodiment;

[0050] Figure 5 An illustrative web browser view showing another embodiment, and

[0051] Figure 6 An illustrative web browser view showing another embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0052] exist Figure 1 The diagram schematically illustrates a local network station 10 (ONS) with a distribution network 20. The local network station 10 includes, for example, a transformer 19 for switching between medium-voltage MV and low-voltage NV. The local network station 10 has a number of low-voltage output terminals 11, 12, 13, and 14 for the low-voltage side NV, which are interconnected via bus 18. Figure 1(Illustratively shown). The power distribution network 20 used for electricity was previously designed for centralized energy systems and will be rebuilt based on the developing distributed system. In addition to decentralized and unstable power generation, other social and infrastructure changes will also cause changes in the grid load. For example, load characteristics V1 and V2 may be outdated. Electric vehicles are taking over homes and can represent additional significant power consumption V1 and V2. Furthermore, batteries and heat pumps are becoming increasingly common. Digital data provides transparency about the grid status, which is essential for investment and operational planning. Transparency is a prerequisite for optimizing grid management.

[0053] By using controller 100 at local network station 10, operators should be able to better evaluate the performance of their power distribution network 20. Local network station 10 thus acquires digital intelligence and can therefore be referred to as a Digital Local Network Station (dONS). Here, the controller 100 implements calculations for, for example, in the distribution network 20 Figure 3 The calculation application 170 for the energy flow EF is shown in the diagram. Without the calculation application 170, due to the lack of this information, the operator must perform a worst-case analysis of their distribution network 20. Consequently, the operator might refuse to expand feeder E1 or power consumers V1, V2, or might refuse to invest in earthworks to obtain higher-performance underground cables if physically unnecessary. The calculation application 170 in this local network station 10 follows a "bottom-up approach" in the distribution network 20.

[0054] Here, the calculation application 170 is executed locally on the computing unit 140 of the controller 100 and can dynamically calculate the energy flow EF in the distribution network 20. The controller 100 is locally located in the local network station 10. There is no need to transmit measurement data M over large distances. Furthermore, the measurement data M is actually used directly as real-time data for the calculation of the distribution network 20. Advantageously, each local network station 10 of the operator is equipped with a controller 100 whenever possible, which is designed to execute the calculation application 170 precisely for the distribution network 20 connected to the corresponding local network station 10. This distributed solution is optimized for distributed problems in the distribution network 20.

[0055] Network topology data TD and measured values ​​M are used as input data in the calculation of the calculation application 170. In addition, other data, such as current measured data of the power consumer V2, can be incorporated into the calculation. Similarly, if, for example, a photovoltaic device is set as feeder E1, weather data (such as current solar radiation, wind, or weather forecast) can be incorporated into the calculation.

[0056] pass Figure 1The solution illustrated offers several advantages. For example, by calculating actual load characteristics, operators are supported in approving new photovoltaic, wind power, and charging station infrastructure, which was previously only possible using coarse worst-case analyses. Unnecessary earthworks are avoided. Cost reductions are achieved in the distribution network by operating within the most favorable (lowest) voltage range (e.g., 230V ± 10%). The solution also serves as the basis for building distributed islanded microgrids.

[0057] Figure 1 As shown in local network station 10, controller 100 is connected, for example, to four three-phase measurement sensors 201, 202, 203, and 204. Controller 100 and three-phase measurement sensors 201, 202, 203, and 205 are... Figure 1 In this embodiment, the sensors are arranged inside the local network station 10. Each of the four three-phase measurement sensors 201, 202, 203, and 204 is connected to at least one low-voltage output terminal 11, 12, 13, or 14 of the local network station 10 for at least current and voltage measurement. For example, a voltage range of 110V / 230V is used as the low-voltage NV. A distribution network 20 with generator E1 and / or power consumers V1 and V2 is connected to the first low-voltage output terminal 11. Figure 1 The illustrative example shown connects two power consumers V1 and V2 and feeder E1 via cables K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the distribution network 20 can actually be significantly larger in scale. Furthermore, additional distribution networks can be connected to other low-voltage output terminals 12, 13, and 14. This is in... Figure 1 The dashed line indicates this.

[0058] exist Figure 1 In this embodiment, the controller 100 has a data interface 120 for acquiring electrical measurement values ​​M from the connected three-phase measurement sensors 201, 202, 203, and 204. Here, the measurement value M is associated with a timestamp. For example, the data interface 120 has analog inputs with analog-to-digital converters that convert the analog data from the three-phase measurement sensors 201, 202, 203, and 204 into digital data and assign them timestamp values. Alternatively, the three-phase measurement sensors 201, 202, 203, and 204 may have their own analog-to-digital converters, and the data interface 120 may receive digital data. The measurement values ​​M from the three-phase measurement sensors 201, 202, 203, and 204 are stored at least locally in a local memory 130 (e.g., flash memory, memory card, or hard disk of the controller 100). The measurement values ​​M can also be read from the local memory 130 when needed.

[0059] The controller has a first storage area 131 in local memory 130 for storing measurement values ​​M with associated timestamps. The controller also has a second storage area 132 in local memory 130 for storing network topology data. The network topology data includes not only the line characteristics PK1, PK2, PK3, PK4, and PK5 of the lines / cables K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5 of the distribution network 20, but also the power consumption characteristics PV1, PV2 of the power consumers V1 and V2, and / or the generator characteristic PE1 of the generator E1 of the distribution network 20.

[0060] The controller 100 has a computing unit 140 on which software programs can be executed. Figure 1 The software program in the embodiment includes a server 160 (especially a web server) and a computing application 170. Figure 1 In one embodiment, the software program on the computing unit 140 can execute multiple program steps.

[0061] The controller 100 has a communication interface 110 for connecting to higher-level units 910, 920, and 930 outside the local network station 10. Figure 1 In this embodiment, the upper-level unit is, for example, a control room / control center 910, a cloud 920, or a computer 930. The communication interface 110 is, for example, an Ethernet-based interface. Advantageously, each port is configured with multiple (at least two) IP addresses, allowing for separate connections with limited functionalities via the communication interface 110. For example, a separate IP address can be assigned to the network server 160. Advantageously, configuration options can be provided for setting up secure connections to each IP address, particularly including multiple (at least two) OpenVPN tunnel settings, including firewall settings.

[0062] The computing unit 140 is designed to separate parameterization (remote technicians - Scada network) and visualization (planners / network technicians - office network). Preferably, remote technicians and planners create two different visualizations, which are accessed through different IP addresses.

[0063] exist Figure 1 In this embodiment, there are OpenVPN tunnels from the SCADA network to the controller 100 and from the office network to the controller 100. These networks are separate. Applications accessible from the SCADA network are different from those accessed from the office network. Preferably, separate network servers are provided. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image).

[0064] The computing unit 140 is designed to receive requests for energy flow in the distribution network 20 via a communication interface 110. For this purpose, the request for energy flow is triggered, for example, by means of a computer 930 and transmitted to the controller 100 via the Internet. The computing unit 140 is further designed to select a time period for a measurement value M, the measurement value having a timestamp within that time period. The selection of the time period is advantageously associated with or included in the request for energy flow in the request for energy flow itself.

[0065] If the calculation unit 140 receives a request RQ, it triggers a calculation in subsequent steps. Using the calculation application 170, the calculation unit 140 is designed to calculate the energy flow value based on network topology data TD and time-period measurements M. The calculation results can be stored for later use. Alternatively, the calculation results can be provided directly in the server 160 of the controller 100 for transmission via the communication interface 110.

[0066] With the help of web server 160, several basic applications can be provided to users, such as those with language switching capabilities between different languages.

[0067] After authentication via username and password, the URL of network server 160 can be accessed. It is preferable to implement different user permissions within the basic application, such as read-only, access to data plotter 180 and data logger, or management. Furthermore, it is preferable to reset the display (e.g., indicating a range) or assign different user levels for configuration (assignment, creation of network topology, etc.).

[0068] exist Figure 1 In this embodiment, the calculation unit 140 is designed to execute the data plotter 180. The data plotter 180 is designed to display the calculated and simulated values ​​of the calculation results. Figure 1 In this embodiment, the computing unit 140 is designed to reduce the amount of data in the calculation results. For example, this can be done by grouping the values ​​or by averaging them based on their correlation, such as by transmitting them at different intervals. The controller 100 is designed to transmit uncompressed or compressed real-time data. The controller 100 is also designed to determine and output historical measurement data M and the calculation results.

[0069] exist Figure 2 In the embodiments, the measured value M is shown in different graphs. The measured values ​​at the low-voltage output terminals 11, 12, and 13 are shown as examples.

[0070] The diagram illustrates measurements of active power MPL1, MPL3 and reactive power MQL1, MQL2, MQL3. A timestamp tS is assigned to each measurement M. The measurement M and timestamp tS are stored in the local memory 130 of the local network station 10. Time points t0 and t1 are selected, for example, automatically or based on user input. These two time points t1 and t0 correspondingly define a time period t1-t0 within which the measurement M with timestamp tS falls. The view can be continuously updated, allowing both historical and real-time data to be seen in the graph.

[0071] Additionally, a voltage histogram of the transformer terminals can be shown. Figure 2 (Not shown in the image).

[0072] exist Figure 3 In this embodiment, the plot is schematically shown based on network topology data TD output and displayed via a web browser. Figure 1 In this embodiment, the web server 160 may use the webpage 162 to display different information and events, such as

[0073] - General information about the local website;

[0074] - Indication range for transformer 19 and each individual output terminal 11 (in) Figure 3 (This is optional in the embodiments, but not presented);

[0075] - For example, a time period image of the most recent 30 days can be configured to display the time period t1-t0 shown (in... Figure 3 (This is optional in the embodiments, but not presented);

[0076] -For example, the minimum and maximum values ​​of power and voltage within a predetermined number of days for transformer 19 and output terminal 11 (in Figure 3 (This is optional in the embodiments, but not presented);

[0077] - The date after the measurement value M and / or result value are determined (on Figure 3 (This is optional in the embodiments, but is not presented).

[0078] In order to perform the provided services S1, S2, and S3, input options should be provided through webpage 162 of web server 160, such as...

[0079] - The indicator range can be reset (in...) Figure 3 (This is optional in the embodiments, but not shown), or

[0080] - Can reset the entire view (in) Figure 3 (These are optional embodiments, however not shown), and / or

[0081] - You can turn individual services S1, S2, and S3 on or off.

[0082] - You can enter the date and / or time (in...) Figure 3 (This is optional in the embodiments, but is not presented).

[0083] exist Figure 3 The embodiment illustrates real-time data of the calculation results. The calculation results are shown as a graphical object GOEF. Figure 3 In this embodiment, the energy flow in each cable K1 is represented by arrows, where the graphic properties of the graphic object GOEF represent the magnitude of the energy flow EF. For example, the size of the arrow is related to the size of the energy flow EF. Alternatively, color or other graphic properties may be used.

[0084] exist Figure 1 In this embodiment, the server 160 of the controller 100 is designed to provide multiple services S1, S2, S3 that can be controlled via the communication interface 110. Examples of services S1, S2, S3 are provided in... Figure 3 The embodiments are illustrated schematically. For example, services S1, S2, and S3 are selectable via user interface 162. The first service S1 can provide a graphical view of the calculation results. The second service S2 can provide a view of the measured values ​​M at the low-voltage output terminal 11, such as those at... Figure 2 The diagram illustrates this schematically. The third service, S3, enables various settings. For example, these settings can be used to permanently or temporarily add or delete graphical objects. Furthermore, Figure 3 As shown in the embodiments, as a related service, it is possible to switch between two operating modes: “simulation” and “monitoring”.

[0085] exist Figure 3 The diagram schematically illustrates, for example, an HTML5-based webpage 162. Webpage 162 is part of web server 160 and enables input of network topology through web visualization and / or continuous network computation and / or visualization of energy flow (EF). For example, using... Figure 1 The browser on computer 930 displays webpage 162.

[0086] Figure 3 The view of real-time data in the embodiments makes it possible, for example, to directly present the configuration of measurement terminals and / or measurement data and / or calculated data having, for example, minimum and / or maximum values ​​of current and / or voltage and / or asymmetry coefficients to the low-voltage output terminal 11 and / or real-time values ​​in the distribution network 20. Therefore, network technicians should be able to assign potential problems to output terminal 11.

[0087] By using control 100, it is possible to... Figure 3As shown, the network topology of the low-voltage lines of distribution network 20 at local network station 10 can be planned with the help of web visualization, in order to perform, for example, continuous network calculations. Distribution network operators can use the aforementioned functions to analyze distribution network 20 in order to decide whether to approve further additions of renewable energy equipment or necessary network expansions. Another advantage is that the most favorable voltage range is set on the low-voltage side NV, thereby allowing suppliers to operate the low-voltage network NV more economically.

[0088] exist Figure 3 The diagram schematically illustrates a network topology based on network topology data TD. An exemplary representation in distribution network 20 includes: a local network station 10 with three-phase measurement sensors 201; appliances V1, V2, V3 with different power consumption characteristics PV1, PV2, PV3; and a feeder E1 with feeder characteristic PE1. These characteristics, especially power consumption characteristics PV1, PV2, PV3, are advantageously adaptable. For example, power consumption characteristics PV1, PV2, PV3 are updated using real data. The energy flow EF calculated based on the measured value M and network topology data TD is presented in the form of a graphical object GOEF. For this purpose, the server 160 of controller 100 is designed to provide the calculation results using the graphical object GOEF. Figure 3 As exemplified, each value of the energy flow EF is assigned an arrow of appropriate size as a graphical object GOEF. The power consumers V1, V2, V3, and feeder E1 are also represented accordingly through graphical objects.

[0089] exist Figure 1 In one embodiment, the server 160 of the controller 100 is designed to arrange graphical objects GOEF in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space based on network topology data TD. The two-dimensional or three-dimensional space is typically displayed on a monitor, augmented reality glasses, or the like. The arrangement in space advantageously corresponds to the geographical features of the distribution network 20. Figure 3 As shown in the embodiments, for example, a graphical object GOEF representing an energy flow EF is presented distributed across a two-dimensional map. The graphical object GOEF is advantageously displayed in a separate layer on the map. For example, the graphical object GOEF protrudes from the plane of the map or is located in a plane behind a semi-transparent map, for example, to improve visual perceptibility.

[0090] In addition to Figure 3 In addition to the display shown in the embodiments, additional evaluations, such as limit value monitoring, can also be displayed. For example, a color change (e.g., from green to red) can temporarily indicate that the current in the cable has exceeded a threshold. Other feedback and / or status messages and / or reports and / or logs can also be displayed. Figure 3 This is implemented in the embodiments.

[0091] and Figure 1 The difference lies in Figure 3The embodiment illustrates network topology data TD based on geographic information. In this embodiment, graphical objects of the distribution network 20 are inserted as layers onto a cartographic map. The network topology data TD can, for example, be based on manual input. For this purpose, the server 160 has user-friendly input functionality. The input functionality may include, for example, a project tool that can, for example, implement...

[0092] - Manually create a reduced radiation network using the branching option, and / or

[0093] - Input complex line parameters, annual energy consumption with standard load characteristics, and / or

[0094] - Create a project database, and / or

[0095] - Data management (outline and solutions) for network topology data and / or measurement data and / or calculated results data.

[0096] Configuration can be easily achieved through a separate configuration page.

[0097] Advantageously, the network topology data TD in the second storage area 132 of the controller 100 is modifiable in such a way that it can be configured remotely by a user, for example. For instance, input options for the network topology data are provided via a server 160. Here, the network topology data TD is acquired, for example, by means of a computer 930 and transmitted to the second storage area 132 via the communication interface 110 of the controller 100. The server 160 is advantageously designed to receive changed data and modify the network topology data TD based on said changed data. For example, a user can... Figure 3 The webpage selects cable K1 and virtually connects and lays the new cable. Similarly, it's possible to virtually connect new power consumers to the newly laid cable. This is independent of whether the new cable and power consumer already exist in reality. This can be used, for example, for simulation purposes. Accordingly, the network topology can be expanded horizontally, i.e., along the cable path, to increase the number of nodes. Advantageously, the number of nodes is limited to a maximum. It's also possible to expand vertically in the distribution network 20, i.e., in terms of the number of outputs, to introduce multiple network branches. This allows for realistic results.

[0098] exist Figure 3 In this embodiment, server 160 is designed to introduce new cables with cable length and / or type, or single or double cables. Advantageously, the computing unit 140 of controller 100 is designed to calculate the cable characteristics of the new cables. Figure 3In this embodiment, server 160 is designed for input of line load and / or point load. Here, annual consumption allocated with respect to various characteristics (residential, commercial, etc.) can be input. Similarly, power of EEG devices allocated with respect to device type (PV, BHKW, etc.) is also possible.

[0099] For changes in topology data (TD) based on user-input topology, alternative locations are... Figure 1 In this embodiment, automatic modeling is configured by importing planning data from a Geographic Information System (Smallworld / Lovion). Importing planning data enables particularly simple engineering designs. The operators of the power distribution network 20 use a Geographic Information System (GIS) to plan, maintain, and expand their low-voltage network NV. Here, in Figure 1 In this embodiment, additional implementation includes importing data from a geographic information system, for example, in a so-called Shapefile format. This import simplifies the import of network topology data (TD) into the controller 100. Correspondingly, compared to... Figure 3 In this embodiment, much more complex network topologies can also be imported by manually entering them via webpage 162. Figure 1 In this embodiment, the controller 100 is advantageously designed to load associated network topology data TD from external memory, such as from the cloud 920, based on the identifier of its own local network station 10. Then, it automatically checks whether the network topology data TD is suitable for computation in the computing application 170.

[0100] After importing the network topology data (TD), manual processing is advantageously prohibited. Alternatively, additional simulation files can be generated that contain changes to the network topology for simulation purposes.

[0101] Figure 1 In this embodiment, the server 160 of the controller 100 is designed to provide the calculation result CK1 using a graphical object GOK1. Figure 4 In this embodiment, cable K1 is selected. The selected cable K1 is graphically marked on webpage 162, for example, by highlighting with space and / or color. For example, it can be selected by a user clicking the mouse within the display area of ​​cable K1 on webpage 162. Based on the mouse click, selection control data DP is transmitted via communication point 110, for example, from computer 930 to server 160 of controller 100. Server 160 is designed to select multiple graphical objects K1, GOK1 based on the selection control data DP. In addition to marking cable K1, server 160 is also designed to display a window on the webpage in the foreground, which forms another graphical object GOK1, and transmits this graphical object to computer 930 via communication interface 110, for example.

[0102] The server 160 of the controller 100 is designed to provide the calculation result CK1 of cable K1 using a graphical object GOK1. Figure 4 In this embodiment, the graphical object GOK1 is presented as a window or dialog box and is graphically assigned directly to cable K1 via a tip. Server 160 is designed to assign the graphical object GOK1 based on network topology data TD and to the low-voltage output (in... Figure 4 One of the (covered) in the middle. In Figure 4 In this embodiment, a graphical object GOK1 is assigned to the calculation result CK1. The graphical object GOK1 displays, for example, the calculated current value IC in amperes for each conductor L1, L2, L3. Then, the graphical object GOK1 is transmitted to the computer 930 via the communication interface 110.

[0103] exist Figure 5 The example shows another calculation result CV1 for a power consumer V1 (e.g., a charging station for an electric vehicle). A webpage 162 generated by server 160 includes a time display 164, which shows the date and time at which the calculation result CV1 is determined.

[0104] For example, controller 100 is designed to present information in tabular or graphical form at the low-voltage output terminal. Figure 5 Historical or current load characteristics at (covered) and / or transformer 19. For example, a time series of the past 30 days can be presented at a resolution of one day or one hour. Figure 5 The image shows the calculation result CV1 of power consumer V1 in object GOV1 at 12:52 PM on February 2, 2019. To display object GOV1, server 160 is designed to acquire the selection of power consumer V1. For example, power consumer V1 is selected from a table (not shown).

[0105] exist Figure 6 The example shown is the calculated result CV1 for the power consumption V1. (Compared to...) Figure 5 The difference lies in Figure 6 In this embodiment, the time curve PC(t) of the calculated power value is assigned to object GOV1. Figure 6 The example shown is the time curve PC(t) of power PC between a past time point t0 and the current time point t1. Controller 100 is designed to transmit, via communication interface 110, a graphical display of the calculated power value time curve PC(t) or the calculated electrical value time curve PC(t), such as object GOV1.

[0106] Subsequently, supplementation was achieved through large-scale control. Figure 1The implementation example is as follows. To achieve wide-range control, the computing application 170 in the local network station 10 is expanded and further applications are implemented for remote stations in the substation. The controller 100 in the local network station 10 is designed to periodically send requests for voltage ranges to the controller 910 in the substation. Using the requests, the controller 910 in the substation determines the most favorable voltage range and sets the transformers accordingly, typically with 10 location changes per day. By setting the most favorable voltage range on the medium-voltage side MV, the supplier can operate the medium-voltage network more economically. For visualization of the local network station 10, the server 160 is advantageously designed to be optically accessible to subordinate medium-voltage networks. In an advantageous improvement, the controller 100 is designed to receive instructions from the controller 910 in the substation and, for example, control the consumption of controllable power consumers V1 in the distribution network 20 on the low-voltage side NV based on the instantaneous power output of the local network station 10.

[0107] exist Figure 1 In this embodiment, the controller 100 is connected to the power consumers V1, V2 and / or the feeder E1 via a data connection CC. The data connection CC can also be referred to as the control connection CC. Figure 1 The diagram is schematically shown using dashed lines. No separate data line is required here. Signals used to control the CC connection are transmitted via existing cables K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5 and are modulated, for example. This method is known, for example, as powerline communication PLC, or simply Powerline, and is referred to by some manufacturers as PowerLAN or dLAN. This technology uses existing power lines in the low-voltage network NV to establish a local network for data transmission, thus eliminating the need for additional data lines. Accordingly, a modem 211 (so-called powerline modem) is installed at the low-voltage output 11 and at the power consumers V1, V2, and / or at the feeder E1. The power consumers and / or the feeder also have controllers V1C, V2C, and E1C for receiving and processing control data CD.

[0108] The controller 100 in local network station 10 is designed to send control data CD to the generator controller E1C of generator E1 and / or the power consumer controllers V1C and V2C of power consumers V1 and V2 via control connection CC. Control of the distribution network 20 on the low-voltage stage NV can be performed independently of the upper-level units 910, 920, and 930. For the data technology connection between controller 100 and low-voltage output 11, a modem 211, also known as coupling circuit 211, is shown. Coupling circuit 211 is designed to establish control connection CC via distribution network 20 connected to low-voltage output 11. For a higher level of security, controller 100 and / or coupling circuit 211 are designed to transmit control data CD encrypted via control connection CC. Figure 1In one embodiment, controller 100 is designed to generate control data CD based on calculation results. For example, a power limit in a certain area of ​​distribution network 20 can be determined by calculation, and instructions for power consumer V2 (e.g., a charging station for an electric vehicle) can be included in the control data CD via control connection CC, which limits the power output of distribution network 20.

[0109] List of reference numerals

[0110] 10 Local websites

[0111] 11, 12, 13, 14 Low-voltage output terminals

[0112] 18 busbars

[0113] 19 Transformers

[0114] 20 Distribution Network

[0115] 100 Controller

[0116] 110 Communication Interface

[0117] 120 Data Interface

[0118] 130 Local Memory

[0119] Storage areas 131 and 132

[0120] 140 computing units

[0121] 160 server, network server

[0122] 170 Calculation Applications

[0123] 180 Data Plotter

[0124] 201, 202, 203, 204 Three-phase measurement sensors

[0125] 211 modem

[0126] 910 Control Room

[0127] 920 Cloud

[0128] 930 Computer

[0129] t0, t1, ts time points

[0130] CC data connection, control connection

[0131] CD control data

[0132] DP Select Control Data

[0133] El generator

[0134] EF energy flow

[0135] K1, K2, K3, K4, K5 Cables and lines

[0136] Measurement data of M, MPL1, MPL3, MQL1, MQL2, MQL3

[0137] MV medium voltage

[0138] NV low voltage

[0139] PE1,PK1,PK2,PK3,PK4,PK5,PV1,PV2 Characteristics

[0140] RQ request

[0141] TD topology network data

[0142] VI,V2 power consumption

[0143] V1C, V2C, E1C modems.

Claims

1. System It has a controller (100), It has three-phase measurement sensors (201, 202, 203, 204), among which, The three-phase measurement sensors (201, 202, 203, 204) are connected at least for current measurement to the low-voltage output terminals (11, 12, 13, 14) of the local network station (10), wherein a distribution network (10) with a generator (E1) and / or power consumers (V1, V2) is connected to the low-voltage output terminals (11, 12, 13, 14). The controller (100) and the three-phase measurement sensors (201, 202, 203, 204) are located in the local network station (10). The controller (100) has a data interface (120) to acquire electrical measurements (M) with associated timestamps (ts) from connected three-phase measurement sensors (201, 202, 203, 204). The controller (100) has a communication interface (110) for connecting to higher-level units (910, 920, 930) outside the local network station (10). The controller (100) has a first storage area (131) in local memory (130) to store measurement values ​​(M) with associated timestamps (ts). The controller (100) has a second storage area (132) in local memory (130) to store network topology data (TD), wherein the network topology data (TD) has power consumption characteristics (PV1, PV2) of power consumers (V1, V2) and / or generator characteristics (PE1) of generators (E1) of the distribution network (20). The controller (100) has a computing unit (140) designed to: - Receive requests (RQ) via the communication interface (110) to output the energy flow (EF) in the distribution network (20). - Select a time period (t1-t0) for the measured value (M), the measured value having a timestamp (ts) within that time period (t1-t0). - Calculate the energy flow (EF) values ​​(Uc, Ic, Pc, Qc) based on the measured values ​​(M) over the time period (t1-t0), and - The calculation results (CK1, CV1) are provided in the server (160) of the controller (100) for transmission via the communication interface (110). Its features are, The computing unit (140) is designed to calculate the energy flow (EF) values ​​(Uc, Ic, Pc, Qc) of the cables (K1, K2, K3, K4, K5). The calculation of energy flow (EF) is based on line characteristics (PK1, PK2, PK3, PK4, PK5), and The network topology data (TD) includes the line characteristics (PK1, PK2, PK3, PK4, PK5) of the cables (K1, K2, K3, K4, K5) of the distribution network (20). The controller (100) is designed to send control data (CD) to the generator controller (E1C) of the generator (E1) and / or the power consumption controllers (V1C, V2C) of the power consumption devices (V1, V2) via a control connection (CC). The controller (100) is designed to generate control data (CD) based on the calculation results (CK1, CV1).

2. The system (1) according to claim 1, in, The server (160) of the controller (100) is designed to provide multiple services (S1, S2, S3) that can be controlled via the communication interface (110).

3. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The server (160) of the controller (100) is designed to provide calculation results (CV1, CK1) using graphical objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF). Among them, the graphical objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) are mutually assigned based on network topology data (TD) and assigned to low-voltage output terminals (11, 12, 13, 14), and / or Wherein, at least one of the graphical objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) is assigned to the calculation result (CK1, CV1), and / or The graphic objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) can be transmitted through the communication interface (110), especially to the upper-level units (910, 920, 930).

4. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The server (160) of the controller (100) is designed to assign the calculated power values ​​(Pc(t)) to the object (GOV1) over a time curve. The graphical display of the calculated time curve (PC(t)) of the electrical value or the calculated time curve (PC(t)) of the electrical value can be transmitted through the communication interface (110).

5. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The server (160) of the controller (100) is designed to be, Receive selection control data (DP) through the communication interface (110), and Select multiple graphical objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) based on the selection control data (DP).

6. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, in, For providing functionality, the server (160) of the controller (100) is designed to arrange graphical objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space based on network topology data (TD). The spatial arrangement corresponds in particular to the geographical conditions of the power distribution network (20).

7. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, It has a coupling circuit (211) that connects the controller (100) to the low-voltage output (11) and is designed to establish a control connection (CC) through the distribution network (20) connected to the low-voltage output (11).

8. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The controller (100) and / or coupling circuit (211) are designed to transmit control data (CD) encrypted over a control connection (CC).

Images