A high palatability pet food based on a freeze-dried baking compounding process and a method of making the same

Abstract

The application discloses a high-palatability pet food based on a freeze-drying and baking composite process and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of pet food. The high-palatability pet food based on the freeze-drying and baking composite process comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of animal protein source, 10-30 parts of plant protein source, 10-30 parts of starch source, 10-20 parts of oil source, 5-10 parts of coarse fiber source, 1-3 parts of probiotics, 1-3 parts of omega-3 fatty acid, 1-3 parts of vitamins, 1-5 parts of minerals and 0.01-0.1 parts of antioxidant. The mixture material of the application can quickly pass through the maximum ice crystal generation zone under the condition of quick freezing, form fine ice crystals, be converted into a microporous network with high tortuosity in the freeze-drying stage, and be 'directionally arranged' at the hole wall and the oil-solid interface with oil and antioxidant, so that a thin and dense shell layer is formed on the surface layer and the protein / starch matrix is slightly crosslinked during the baking process, thereby delaying the fat acid rancidity and prolonging the shelf life of the pet food.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pet food technology, and in particular to a highly palatable pet food based on a freeze-drying and baking composite process and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, pet food is mainly divided into extruded food, wet food, freeze-dried food, and baked food. Extruded food is made through a high-temperature extrusion process, resulting in significant nutrient loss, but it has a long shelf life. Wet food has a high moisture content and good palatability. Freeze-dried food retains nutrients through low-temperature freeze-drying technology, but it is expensive and the fat is prone to rancidity. Baked food is cold-pressed, resulting in a higher density than traditional complete pet food, and the processing process causes some nutrient loss.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a pet food and production process that can effectively inhibit rancidity of fatty acids and significantly improve palatability and shelf life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes a highly palatable pet food based on a freeze-drying and baking composite process and its preparation method, which significantly delays the rancidity of fatty acids and improves the shelf life of pet food.

[0005] This invention proposes a highly palatable pet food based on a freeze-drying and baking composite process, comprising the following ingredients by weight: 40-80 parts animal protein source, 10-30 parts plant protein source, 10-30 parts starch source, 10-20 parts oil source, 5-10 parts crude fiber source, 1-3 parts probiotics, 1-3 parts ω-3 fatty acids, 1-3 parts vitamins, 1-5 parts minerals, and 0.01-0.1 parts antioxidants.

[0006] Preferably, the animal protein source is one or more of chicken meal, turkey meal, fish meal, plasma protein, and liver meal.

[0007] Preferably, the plant-based protein source is one or more of pea protein, potato protein, rice protein, and chickpea protein.

[0008] Preferably, the starch source is one or more of rice starch, tapioca starch, potato starch, oat flour, and sweet potato starch.

[0009] Preferably, the oil source is one or more of chicken oil, duck oil, beef tallow, fish oil, soybean oil, and flaxseed oil.

[0010] Preferably, the crude fiber source is one or more of apple fiber, pea fiber, lignin, and beet pulp.

[0011] Preferably, the probiotic is one or more of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Bifidobacterium longum.

[0012] Preferably, the antioxidant is composed of L-ascorbate palmitate, larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract in a mass ratio of 1:0.2-0.4:0.3-0.5.

[0013] The present invention proposes a method for preparing highly palatable pet food based on a freeze-drying and baking composite process. The method steps are as follows: animal protein source, plant protein source, starch source, oil source, crude fiber source, probiotics, ω-3 fatty acid, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants are mixed and then shaped, quick-frozen, freeze-dried and baked to obtain highly palatable pet food based on the freeze-drying and baking composite process.

[0014] Preferably, the quick-freezing conditions are: temperature -35 to -45℃, time 15-25 min; the freeze-drying conditions are: vacuum degree ≤50 Pa, temperature -38 to -42℃, time 16-32 h; and the baking conditions are: temperature 85-95℃, time 2-3 h.

[0015] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention:

[0016] The mixture of the present invention rapidly passes through the maximum ice crystal formation zone under quick-freezing conditions, forming fine ice crystals. During the freeze-drying stage, it is transformed into a through-hole network with high tortuosity, and the oils and antioxidants are "oriented" at the pore walls and oil-solid interface. The baking process only forms a thin and dense shell on the surface and slightly cross-links the protein / starch matrix, thereby delaying the rancidity of fatty acids and improving the shelf life of pet food.

[0017] The antioxidant of this invention is composed of L-ascorbyl palmitate, larch extract, and Phellinus linteus extract, which synergistically promote the performance of delaying fatty acid rancidity. This is because during the freeze-drying stage, L-ascorbyl palmitate is distributed along the oil droplets on the pore walls / interface, while larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract remain in the hydrophilic microdomains of the solid phase and complex trace metal ions. During low-temperature baking, moisture migrates outward along the pores, triggering slight capillary-convective migration, which further enriches L-ascorbyl palmitate in the oil phase / surface. Meanwhile, larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract maintain their activity at low temperatures and can gently regenerate and activate the hemihydrogenase of L-ascorbyl palmitate, thereby achieving a synergistic antioxidant effect. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments. Example

[0019] A highly palatable pet food based on a freeze-drying and baking composite process was prepared by mixing 30 parts chicken powder, 10 parts turkey powder, 20 parts fish powder, 10 parts pea protein, 5 parts potato protein, 5 parts chickpea protein, 10 parts tapioca starch, 10 parts oat flour, 10 parts chicken fat, 5 parts fish oil, 4 parts apple fiber, 4 parts pea fiber, 1 part Lactobacillus plantarum, 1 part Lactobacillus acidophilus, 2 parts omega-3 fatty acids, 2 parts vitamins, 3 parts minerals, and 0.05 parts antioxidants.

[0020] In this embodiment, the antioxidant is composed of L-ascorbate palmitate, larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.4.

[0021] In this embodiment, the specific composition and ratio of vitamins can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the vitamins in this embodiment are composed of vitamin C and vitamin E.

[0022] In this embodiment, the specific composition and ratio of the minerals can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the minerals in this embodiment can be composed of ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and cobalt chloride.

[0023] In this embodiment, the quick-freezing conditions are: temperature 40℃, time 20min; the freeze-drying conditions are: vacuum degree 50Pa, temperature -40℃, time 24h; and the baking conditions are: temperature 90℃, time 2.5h.

[0024] The mixture of the present invention rapidly passes through the maximum ice crystal formation zone under quick-freezing conditions, forming fine ice crystals. During the freeze-drying stage, it is transformed into a through-hole network with high tortuosity, and the oils and antioxidants are "oriented" at the pore walls and oil-solid interface. The baking process only forms a thin and dense shell on the surface and slightly cross-links the protein / starch matrix, thereby delaying the rancidity of fatty acids and improving the shelf life of pet food. Example

[0025] A highly palatable pet food based on a freeze-drying and baking composite process was prepared by mixing 30 parts chicken powder, 10 parts plasma protein, 10 parts pea protein, 5 parts tapioca starch, 5 parts potato starch, 5 parts duck fat, 5 parts butter, 3 parts pea fiber, 2 parts lignin, 1 part Bacillus coagulans, 1 part ω-3 fatty acid, 1 part vitamin, 1 part mineral, and 0.01 part antioxidant.

[0026] In this embodiment, the antioxidant is composed of L-ascorbate palmitate, larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract in a mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.3.

[0027] In this embodiment, the specific composition and ratio of vitamins can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the vitamins in this embodiment are composed of vitamin C and vitamin E.

[0028] In this embodiment, the specific composition and ratio of the minerals can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the minerals in this embodiment can be composed of ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and cobalt chloride.

[0029] In this embodiment, the quick-freezing conditions are: temperature -35℃, time 15min; the freeze-drying conditions are: vacuum degree 50Pa, temperature -38℃, time 16h; and the baking conditions are: temperature 85℃, time 2h. Example

[0030] A highly palatable pet food based on a freeze-drying and baking composite process was prepared by mixing 30 parts chicken powder, 30 parts turkey powder, 20 parts liver powder, 20 parts chickpea protein, 10 parts rice protein, 15 parts oat flour, 15 parts sweet potato starch, 10 parts fish oil, 7 parts soybean oil, 3 parts flaxseed oil, 5 parts lignin, 5 parts beet pulp, 1 part Bacillus coagulans, 1 part Lactobacillus rhamnosus, 1 part Bifidobacterium longum, 3 parts ω-3 fatty acids, 3 parts vitamins, 5 parts minerals, and 0.1 parts antioxidant.

[0031] In this embodiment, the antioxidant is composed of L-ascorbate palmitate, larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.5.

[0032] In this embodiment, the specific composition and ratio of vitamins can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the vitamins in this embodiment are composed of vitamin C and vitamin E.

[0033] In this embodiment, the specific composition and ratio of the minerals can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the minerals in this embodiment can be composed of ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and cobalt chloride.

[0034] In this embodiment, the quick-freezing conditions are: temperature -45℃, time 25min; the freeze-drying conditions are: vacuum degree 50Pa, temperature -42℃, time 32h; and the baking conditions are: temperature 95℃, time 3h.

[0035] A highly palatable pet food was prepared by mixing 30 parts chicken powder, 10 parts turkey powder, 20 parts fish powder, 10 parts pea protein, 5 parts potato protein, 5 parts chickpea protein, 10 parts tapioca starch, 10 parts oat flour, 10 parts chicken fat, 5 parts fish oil, 4 parts apple fiber, 4 parts pea fiber, 1 part Lactobacillus plantarum, 1 part Lactobacillus acidophilus, 2 parts omega-3 fatty acids, 2 parts vitamins, 3 parts minerals, and 0.05 parts antioxidants. The mixture was then shaped, quick-frozen, freeze-dried, and baked.

[0036] In this embodiment, the antioxidant is composed of larch extract and Phellinus linden extract in a mass ratio of 0.3:0.4.

[0037] In this embodiment, the specific composition and ratio of vitamins can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the vitamins in this embodiment are composed of vitamin C and vitamin E.

[0038] In this embodiment, the specific composition and ratio of the minerals can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the minerals in this embodiment can be composed of ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and cobalt chloride.

[0039] In this embodiment, the quick-freezing conditions are: temperature 40℃, time 20min; the freeze-drying conditions are: vacuum degree 50Pa, temperature -40℃, time 24h; and the baking conditions are: temperature 90℃, time 2.5h.

[0040] A highly palatable pet food was prepared by mixing 30 parts chicken powder, 10 parts turkey powder, 20 parts fish powder, 10 parts pea protein, 5 parts potato protein, 5 parts chickpea protein, 10 parts tapioca starch, 10 parts oat flour, 10 parts chicken fat, 5 parts fish oil, 4 parts apple fiber, 4 parts pea fiber, 1 part Lactobacillus plantarum, 1 part Lactobacillus acidophilus, 2 parts omega-3 fatty acids, 2 parts vitamins, 3 parts minerals, and 0.05 parts antioxidants. The mixture was then shaped, quick-frozen, freeze-dried, and baked.

[0041] In this comparative example, the antioxidant consisted of L-ascorbate palmitate and Phellinus linteus extract in a mass ratio of 1:0.4.

[0042] In this comparative example, the specific composition and ratio of vitamins can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the vitamins in this embodiment are composed of vitamin C and vitamin E.

[0043] In this comparative example, the specific composition and proportion of minerals can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the minerals in this embodiment can be composed of ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and cobalt chloride.

[0044] In this comparative example, the quick-freezing conditions were: temperature 40℃, time 20 min; the freeze-drying conditions were: vacuum degree 50 Pa, temperature -40℃, time 24 h; and the baking conditions were: temperature 90℃, time 2.5 h.

[0045] A highly palatable pet food was prepared by mixing 30 parts chicken powder, 10 parts turkey powder, 20 parts fish powder, 10 parts pea protein, 5 parts potato protein, 5 parts chickpea protein, 10 parts tapioca starch, 10 parts oat flour, 10 parts chicken fat, 5 parts fish oil, 4 parts apple fiber, 4 parts pea fiber, 1 part Lactobacillus plantarum, 1 part Lactobacillus acidophilus, 2 parts omega-3 fatty acids, 2 parts vitamins, 3 parts minerals, and 0.05 parts antioxidants. The mixture was then shaped, quick-frozen, freeze-dried, and baked.

[0046] In this comparative example, the antioxidant consisted of L-ascorbate palmitate and larch extract in a mass ratio of 1:0.3.

[0047] In this comparative example, the specific composition and ratio of vitamins can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the vitamins in this embodiment are composed of vitamin C and vitamin E.

[0048] In this comparative example, the specific composition and proportion of minerals can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the minerals in this embodiment can be composed of ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and cobalt chloride.

[0049] In this comparative example, the quick-freezing conditions were: temperature 40℃, time 20 min; the freeze-drying conditions were: vacuum degree 50 Pa, temperature -40℃, time 24 h; and the baking conditions were: temperature 90℃, time 2.5 h.

[0050] A highly palatable pet food is prepared by mixing 30 parts chicken powder, 10 parts turkey powder, 20 parts fish powder, 10 parts pea protein, 5 parts potato protein, 5 parts chickpea protein, 10 parts tapioca starch, 10 parts oat flour, 10 parts chicken fat, 5 parts fish oil, 4 parts apple fiber, 4 parts pea fiber, 1 part Lactobacillus plantarum, 1 part Lactobacillus acidophilus, 2 parts omega-3 fatty acids, 2 parts vitamins, 3 parts minerals, and 0.05 parts antioxidants, followed by molding, freeze-drying, and baking.

[0051] In this comparative example, the antioxidant consisted of L-ascorbate palmitate, larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.4.

[0052] In this comparative example, the specific composition and ratio of vitamins can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the vitamins in this embodiment are composed of vitamin C and vitamin E.

[0053] In this comparative example, the specific composition and proportion of minerals can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the minerals in this embodiment can be composed of ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and cobalt chloride.

[0054] In this comparative example, the freeze-drying conditions were: vacuum degree 50 Pa, temperature -40℃, time 24 h; the baking conditions were: temperature 90℃, time 2.5 h.

[0055] A highly palatable pet food is prepared by mixing 30 parts chicken powder, 10 parts turkey powder, 20 parts fish powder, 10 parts pea protein, 5 parts potato protein, 5 parts chickpea protein, 10 parts tapioca starch, 10 parts oat flour, 10 parts chicken fat, 5 parts fish oil, 4 parts apple fiber, 4 parts pea fiber, 1 part Lactobacillus plantarum, 1 part Lactobacillus acidophilus, 2 parts omega-3 fatty acids, 2 parts vitamins, 3 parts minerals, and 0.05 parts antioxidants, followed by molding, quick-freezing, and baking.

[0056] In this comparative example, the antioxidant consisted of L-ascorbate palmitate, larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.4.

[0057] In this comparative example, the specific composition and ratio of vitamins can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the vitamins in this embodiment are composed of vitamin C and vitamin E.

[0058] In this comparative example, the specific composition and proportion of minerals can be designed according to existing technology and actual needs. For example, the minerals in this embodiment can be composed of ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and cobalt chloride.

[0059] In this comparative example, the quick-freezing conditions were: temperature 40℃, time 20 min; the baking conditions were: temperature 90℃, time 2.5 h.

[0060] The fat in the highly palatable pet foods prepared by the freeze-drying and baking composite process in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5 was extracted by Soxhlet extraction and the acid value was determined. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1. Results of Fatty Acid Value Detection

[0062]

[0063] As can be seen from the test results of Example 1 in Table 1, the present invention uses L-ascorbyl palmitate, larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract as antioxidants, and through quick-freezing, freeze-drying and baking processes, significantly delays the rancidity of fatty acids in palatable pet food and improves the shelf life of highly palatable pet food based on freeze-drying and baking composite process.

[0064] As can be seen from the experimental results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the antioxidant of the present invention, composed of L-ascorbyl palmitate, larch extract, and Phellinus linteus extract, has a synergistic promoting effect on delaying fatty acid rancidity. This is because during the freeze-drying stage, L-ascorbyl palmitate is distributed along the oil droplets on the pore walls / interface, while larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract remain in the hydrophilic microdomains of the solid phase and complex trace metal ions. Upon entering the low-temperature baking stage, moisture migrates outward along the pores, triggering slight capillary-convective migration, which further enriches L-ascorbyl palmitate in the oil phase / surface. Meanwhile, larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract maintain their activity at low temperatures and can gently regenerate and activate the hemihydrogenase of L-ascorbyl palmitate, thereby achieving a synergistic antioxidant effect.

[0065] As can be seen from the experimental results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 4-5, the quick-freezing and freeze-drying processes of the present invention have a certain impact on delaying the rancidity of fatty acids in highly palatable pet foods based on freeze-drying and baking composite processes.

[0066] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application. The scope of this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents, all of which should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A highly palatable pet food based on a freeze-drying and baking composite process, characterized in that, It contains the following ingredients by weight: 40-80 parts animal protein source, 10-30 parts plant protein source, 10-30 parts starch source, 10-20 parts oil source, 5-10 parts crude fiber source, 1-3 parts probiotics, 1-3 parts omega-3 fatty acids, 1-3 parts vitamins, 1-5 parts minerals, and 0.01-0.1 parts antioxidants; The antioxidant is composed of L-ascorbate palmitate, larch extract and Phellinus linteus extract in a mass ratio of 1:0.2-0.4:0.3-0.

5.

2. The highly palatable pet food based on freeze-drying and baking composite process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The animal protein source is one or more of chicken meal, turkey meal, fish meal, plasma protein, and liver meal.

3. The highly palatable pet food based on freeze-drying and baking composite process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant-based protein source is one or more of pea protein, potato protein, rice protein, and chickpea protein.

4. The highly palatable pet food based on freeze-drying and baking composite process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The starch source is one or more of rice starch, tapioca starch, potato starch, oat flour, and sweet potato starch.

5. The highly palatable pet food based on freeze-drying and baking composite process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil source is one or more of chicken fat, duck fat, beef tallow, fish oil, soybean oil, and flaxseed oil.

6. The highly palatable pet food based on freeze-drying and baking composite process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crude fiber source is one or more of apple fiber, pea fiber, lignin, and beet pulp.

7. The highly palatable pet food based on freeze-drying and baking composite process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probiotics are one or more of the following: Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Bifidobacterium longum.

8. A method for preparing highly palatable pet food based on a freeze-drying and baking composite process as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The method and steps are as follows: animal protein source, plant protein source, starch source, oil source, crude fiber source, probiotics, ω-3 fatty acid, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants are mixed and then shaped, quick-frozen, freeze-dried and baked to obtain highly palatable pet food based on freeze-drying and baking composite process.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The conditions for quick freezing are: temperature -35 to -45℃, time 15-25 min; the conditions for freeze drying are: vacuum degree ≤50 Pa, temperature -38 to -42℃, time 16-32 h; the conditions for baking are: temperature 85-95℃, time 2-3 h.

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