Pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries

Abstract

The application provides a pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries, and relates to the technical field of recycling waste lithium batteries, and comprises a pyrolysis rack; a pyrolysis inlet end and a pyrolysis outlet end are fixedly installed at two ends of the pyrolysis rack, respectively, and a pyrolysis roller is rotatably connected between the pyrolysis inlet end and the pyrolysis outlet end; and a feeding pipe is vertically and upwardly communicated with the upper end of the pyrolysis inlet end. In the application, the internal multi-section stepped heating pipes of the pyrolysis roller are cooperatively designed with cooling jackets, the flow of a circulating water pipe is interlocked and regulated by a temperature sensor and a controller, and a stable axial temperature gradient is formed. In a low-temperature zone (200-300 DEG C), electrolyte volatile components are preferentially decomposed, in a medium-temperature zone (400-500 DEG C), binders are treated, and in a high-temperature zone (600-800 DEG C), metal compounds are decomposed, so that sintering of materials or concentrated release of harmful gases caused by one-time high temperature is avoided. Physical isolation of the cooling jackets reduces thermal interference between temperature zones, and compared with traditional single-temperature-zone pyrolysis, energy consumption is reduced by about 25%, and the purity and recovery rate of target products are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste lithium battery recycling technology, and in particular to a pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of waste lithium battery recycling, pyrolysis technology is a key process for achieving efficient separation of electrolytes, binders, and metal materials. However, existing pyrolysis devices generally suffer from problems such as insufficient temperature control precision, susceptibility to oxygen interference during material transport, and inconvenience in adjusting material residence time. Traditional pyrolysis equipment often uses single-temperature zone heating, which cannot adapt to the differentiated pyrolysis requirements of different components (electrolyte, binder, metal composites) in lithium batteries. High temperatures in a single operation can easily lead to material sintering or concentrated release of harmful gases, reducing the recovery rate of the target product and increasing subsequent processing costs. Simultaneously, single-temperature zone heating consumes a lot of energy, and energy utilization efficiency needs improvement. In the material transport stage, existing devices lack reliable oxygen-free isolation measures during the feeding and discharging processes, allowing air to easily penetrate the pyrolysis chamber. This not only poses a risk of deflagration but also, when high-temperature materials come into direct contact with air after pyrolysis, residual organic matter is prone to reignition, and metal materials can be oxidized, affecting the purity of the recovered materials. Furthermore, traditional devices have limited means to adjust the residence time of materials in the pyrolysis drum, making it difficult to dynamically adjust according to the process requirements of different pyrolysis stages. This results in incomplete decomposition or over-pyrolysis of some components, affecting the overall recycling effect. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention relates to a pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries, which features stepped temperature control, oxygen-free conveying throughout the process, and dynamic adjustment of material residence time. It effectively solves the problems of high energy consumption, low product purity, poor safety, and inflexible control in the prior art.

[0004] This invention provides a pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries, specifically comprising: a pyrolysis frame; a pyrolysis inlet and a pyrolysis outlet fixedly installed at both ends of the pyrolysis frame, with a pyrolysis drum rotatably connected between the pyrolysis inlet and the pyrolysis outlet; a feed pipe vertically upwardly connected to the upper end of the pyrolysis inlet; a discharge pipe vertically downwardly provided at the bottom end of the pyrolysis outlet away from the pyrolysis drum; a feed shaft rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis inlet along the material conveying direction, and a discharge shaft rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis outlet along the material discharging direction; the inner ends of the feed shaft and the discharge shaft are respectively installed in the inner cavities of the pyrolysis inlet and the pyrolysis outlet via fixed guide frames, and both the feed shaft and the discharge shaft are... The device has a hollow structure, with a guide shaft rotatably running through it between the feeding shaft and the discharging shaft. Adjusting cylinders are hinged to the pyrolysis frames at both ends of the guide shaft, driving the guide shaft to rotate. A feeding motor for driving the feeding shaft is installed on the pyrolysis inlet frame, and a discharging motor for driving the discharging shaft is installed on the pyrolysis outlet frame. A rotary motor for driving the pyrolysis drum is also installed on the pyrolysis inlet frame. Multiple heating tubes with progressively increasing temperatures are sequentially arranged within the pyrolysis drum shell from the pyrolysis inlet to the pyrolysis outlet. A cooling jacket surrounds the pyrolysis drum between the heating tubes. A controller is also installed on the pyrolysis frame.

[0005] Optionally, the upper end of the feed pipe is provided with a hopper with an enlarged diameter, and the middle part of the feed pipe is a feed isolation section. The outer wall of the feed isolation section is provided with a first cylinder and a second cylinder. The first cylinder is located below the second cylinder. The piston rod end of the first cylinder is fixedly connected to a first isolation plate. The first isolation plate is vertically slidably inserted into the partition cavity in the inner cavity of the feed isolation section. The piston rod end of the second cylinder is fixedly connected to a second isolation plate to the partition cavity in the inner cavity of the feed isolation section. Two first ventilation pipes are provided on one side wall of the feed isolation section. One of the first ventilation pipes is connected to an external negative pressure suction device, and the other first ventilation pipe is connected to an external inert gas storage tank. After the waste lithium battery enters the first isolation plate and the second isolation plate, the first ventilation pipe connected to the negative pressure suction device opens first to extract the air in the cavity. The first ventilation pipe connected to the inert gas storage tank then opens to replenish the gas. The first cylinder drives the first isolation plate to move outward, and the waste lithium battery falls into the pyrolysis inlet below.

[0006] Optionally, the feed pipe is equipped with a spiral feed controller located at the lower end of the hopper. A ring cylinder is fixedly fitted around the lower middle part of the feed controller. The ring cylinder is rotatably embedded in the inner wall of the feed pipe. A ring tooth is provided in the middle of the ring cylinder. A synchronization frame is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the feed pipe outside the ring tooth. A synchronization gear is rotatably connected to the synchronization frame through a rotating shaft. The synchronization gear meshes with the ring tooth. The piston rod end of the second cylinder is also vertically and downwardly fixedly connected to an inverted "L"-shaped control arm. A drive tooth that meshes with the synchronization gear is provided on the upper horizontal section side wall of the control arm. A guide pressure shaft is also vertically rotatably provided at the outer end of the synchronization frame and is tangent to the outer wall of the control arm.

[0007] Optionally, a third cylinder and a fourth cylinder are arranged parallel to each other on the discharge pipe. The piston rods of the third cylinder and the fourth cylinder are respectively fixedly connected to a third isolation plate and a fourth isolation plate, which are vertically slidably inserted into the discharge pipe. Two second ventilation pipes are provided on the discharge pipe between the third isolation plate and the fourth isolation plate. One of the second ventilation pipes is connected to an external negative pressure suction device, and the other second ventilation pipe is connected to an external inert gas storage tank. After the waste lithium battery enters between the third isolation plate and the fourth isolation plate, the fourth isolation plate opens to discharge the pyrolysis waste battery material. The fourth isolation plate resets the partition cavity. The second ventilation pipe connected to the negative pressure suction device first opens to extract the air in the cavity, and the second ventilation pipe connected to the inert gas storage tank then opens to replenish the gas. The third isolation plate then opens to receive the pyrolysis waste material.

[0008] Optionally, the cooling jacket is provided with a spiral circulating water pipe. The flow control valve of the circulating water pipe of each cooling jacket is independently connected to the controller and interlocked with the temperature sensor provided in the corresponding pyrolysis drum cavity inside the cooling jacket. The cooling jacket is used to divide the various temperature ranges in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis drum.

[0009] Optionally, at least three rotating wheels are arranged in a ring around the pyrolysis inlet and outlet ends connected to the pyrolysis drum. The pyrolysis drum rotates between the rotating wheels, and one of the rotating wheels is fixedly connected to the shaft of a rotary motor to drive the pyrolysis drum to rotate continuously.

[0010] Optionally, the pyrolysis inlet is a variable diameter pipe section structure, the conveying shaft is located in the narrow section of the pyrolysis inlet, the conveying shaft is provided with a spiral conveyor, the diameter of the conveyor is consistent with the inner diameter of the narrow section of the pyrolysis inlet, and the outer end of the conveying shaft is fixedly provided with a conveying gear, which meshes with the drive gear on the conveying motor.

[0011] Optionally, a spiral discharge device is fixedly provided on the discharge shaft, the diameter of which is consistent with the inner diameter of the pyrolysis output end, and a discharge gear is fixedly provided on the outer end of the discharge shaft, which meshes with the drive gear on the discharge motor.

[0012] Optionally, connecting arms are vertically fixed to both ends of the guide shaft. The piston rod of the adjusting cylinder is rotatably connected to the end of the connecting arm via a pin. A three-pronged guide frame is fixedly installed on the guide shaft near the fixed guide frame. A slider is slidably mounted on the guide frame. A spring is provided on the guide shaft at the inner end of the slider to push the slider outward. A pin is vertically installed on the side of the slider near the fixed guide frame. A guide arm is fixedly connected between two sliders positioned opposite each other on the left and right guide frames. Guide fins are evenly spaced and inclined on the end face of the guide arm near the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum. The guide fins are arc-shaped and inclined towards the pyrolysis output end. Three fan-shaped guides are distributed in a ring on the fixed guide frame via support rods. The guide plate has inclined, downward-sloping arc-shaped guide holes running through its left and right sides. The pin of the slider slides in the guide holes. When the waste lithium battery material needs to be retained in the pyrolysis drum for pyrolysis, the adjusting cylinder drives the guide shaft to rotate counterclockwise. The slider moves inward under the guidance of the guide holes, increasing the distance between the guide arm and the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum. When the waste lithium battery material needs to be moved in the pyrolysis drum, the adjusting cylinder drives the guide shaft to rotate clockwise. The slider moves outward under the guidance of the guide holes, decreasing the distance between the guide arm and the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum. The guide fin is tangent to the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum. During the rotation of the pyrolysis drum, the material moves towards the pyrolysis output end under the guidance of the guide fin.

[0013] This invention provides a pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] This invention employs a synergistic design of multi-segment stepped heating tubes and a cooling jacket inside the pyrolysis drum. A temperature sensor and controller interlock to regulate the flow rate of the circulating water pipe, creating a stable axial temperature gradient. The low-temperature zone (200-300℃) preferentially decomposes the volatile components of the electrolyte, the medium-temperature zone (400-500℃) processes the binder, and the high-temperature zone (600-800℃) decomposes the metal composites, avoiding material sintering or concentrated release of harmful gases caused by a single high-temperature cycle. The physical isolation provided by the cooling jacket reduces thermal interference between temperature zones, lowering energy consumption by approximately 25% compared to traditional single-temperature-zone pyrolysis, while simultaneously improving the purity and recovery rate of the target product.

[0015] In this invention, the isolation section of the feed pipe is driven by a first cylinder and a second cylinder to alternately open and close the isolation plates. Combined with the negative pressure suction and inert gas replacement in the first ventilation pipe, oxygen is completely isolated during the material conveying process. The feed controller rotates in conjunction with the second cylinder, synchronizing the material's descent with the screw conveyor to prevent air infiltration. The third and fourth isolation plates of the discharge pipe, in conjunction with the secondary gas replacement in the second ventilation pipe, ensure that the high-temperature material after pyrolysis cools in an inert environment, effectively inhibiting the re-ignition of organic matter and metal oxidation. The oxygen content of the entire system can be controlled below 50 ppm, significantly reducing the risk of deflagration.

[0016] In this invention, the guide shaft is driven by an adjusting cylinder to rotate the connecting arm, causing the slider to slide along the guide hole of the guide plate, thus achieving precise adjustment of the distance between the guide arm and the inner wall of the drum. When the guide fin is close to the inner wall of the drum, the material moves directionally along the arc-shaped inclined surface of the guide fin under the centrifugal force of the drum's rotation, increasing the conveying speed by approximately 40%. When the guide arm moves outward, the material residence time is extended by 1.5-2 times, fully adapting to the needs of different pyrolysis stages. This mechanical interlocking structure requires no additional power, achieving stepless adjustment of the material residence time.

[0017] A closed-loop control system is formed through a gear-cylinder linkage mechanism: the second cylinder directly drives the feeder to rotate via the control arm, achieving both quantitative feeding (accuracy ±3%) and reverse feeding to prevent material bridging during standby; the spiral structure of the discharge shaft and the tilt angle of the guide fins have been optimized through fluid dynamics to ensure that no pyrolysis residue remains during discharge. All actuators are coordinated by the controller, which automatically adjusts based on real-time data from temperature and pressure sensors, enabling the system to adapt to changing operating conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0019] The accompanying drawings described below are only related to some embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] In the attached diagram:

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the first axial view structure of the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the second axial view structure of the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 3 The present invention is shown Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the A-section structure;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the axial view of the feed tube portion of the present invention is shown;

[0025] Figure 5 This diagram shows a schematic axial view of the feed tube in a partially disassembled state according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the axial view of the discharge pipe portion of the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 7 This diagram shows an axial view of the pyrolysis drum, pyrolysis inlet end, and feed pipe portion of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8This diagram shows a schematic axial view of the pyrolysis drum, pyrolysis inlet, and pyrolysis outlet in a partially separated state according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 The present invention is shown Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the B-type amplification section;

[0030] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the axial structure of the conveying shaft, guiding shaft and discharge shaft of the present invention in a separated state is shown.

[0031] Figure Labels

[0032] 1. Pyrolysis stand;

[0033] 2. Pyrolysis inlet end;

[0034] 3. Pyrolysis output end;

[0035] 4. Material conveying motor;

[0036] 5. Discharge motor;

[0037] 6. Pyrolysis drum;

[0038] 7. Feed pipe; 701. Hopper; 702. Feed isolation section; 703. First cylinder; 7031. First isolation plate; 704. Second cylinder; 7041. Second isolation plate; 705. Control arm; 7051. Drive gear; 706. Synchronizing frame; 7061. Synchronizing gear; 7062. Guide pressure shaft; 707. First air exchange pipe; 708. Material controller; 7081. Ring cylinder; 7082. Ring gear;

[0039] 8. Rotary electric motor;

[0040] 9. Discharge pipe; 901. Second air exchange pipe; 902. Third cylinder; 9021. Third partition plate; 903. Fourth cylinder; 9031. Fourth partition plate;

[0041] 10. Cooling jacket; 1001. Circulating water pipe;

[0042] 11. Rotating wheel;

[0043] 12. Adjust the cylinder;

[0044] 13. Controller;

[0045] 14. Conveyor shaft; 1401. Conveyor; 1402. Conveyor gear;

[0046] 15. Guide shaft; 1501. Connecting arm; 1502. Guide frame; 1503. Slider; 1504. Guide arm; 1505. Guide fin; 1506. Spring;

[0047] 16. Discharge shaft; 1601. Discharge device; 1602. Discharge gear;

[0048] 17. Fixed guide frame; 1701. Guide plate; 1702. Guide hole. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 :

[0051] This invention proposes a pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries, comprising: a pyrolysis frame 1; a pyrolysis inlet 2 and a pyrolysis outlet 3 fixedly installed at both ends of the pyrolysis frame 1, with a pyrolysis drum 6 rotatably connected between the pyrolysis inlet 2 and the pyrolysis outlet 3; a feed pipe 7 vertically upwardly connected to the upper end of the pyrolysis inlet 2; a discharge pipe 9 vertically downwardly provided at the bottom end of the pyrolysis outlet 3 away from the pyrolysis drum 6; a conveying shaft 14 rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis inlet 2 along the material conveying direction, and a discharge shaft 16 rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis outlet 3 along the material discharging direction; the inner ends of the conveying shaft 14 and the discharge shaft 16 are respectively installed in the inner cavities of the pyrolysis inlet 2 and the pyrolysis outlet 3 through fixed guide frames 17, and both the conveying shaft 14 and the discharge shaft 16 are hollow structures. A guide shaft 15 is rotatably connected between the conveying shaft 14 and the discharging shaft 16; an adjusting cylinder 12 is hinged to each end of the pyrolysis frame 1 of the guide shaft 15, and the adjusting cylinder 12 is used to drive the guide shaft 15 to rotate; a discharging motor 5 for driving the conveying shaft 14 to rotate is provided on the pyrolysis frame 1 of the pyrolysis inlet 2, a conveying motor 4 for driving the discharging shaft 16 to rotate is provided on the pyrolysis frame 1 of the pyrolysis outlet 3, and a rotary motor 8 for driving the pyrolysis drum 6 to rotate is also provided on the pyrolysis frame 1 of the pyrolysis inlet 2; multiple heating tubes with stepped temperature increases are sequentially arranged in the shell of the pyrolysis drum 6 from the pyrolysis inlet 2 to the pyrolysis outlet 3, and a cooling jacket 10 is wrapped around the outside of the pyrolysis drum 6 between the heating tubes; a controller 13 is also provided on the pyrolysis frame 1.

[0052] The feed pipe 7 has an enlarged diameter hopper 701 at its upper end and a feed isolation section 702 in its middle. A first cylinder 703 and a second cylinder 704 are mounted on the outer wall of the feed isolation section 702. The first cylinder 703 is positioned below the second cylinder 704. The piston rod of the first cylinder 703 is fixedly connected to a first isolation plate 7031, which is vertically slidably inserted into the inner cavity of the feed isolation section 702 to create a partition. The piston rod of the second cylinder 704 is fixedly connected to the second isolation plate 7041 within the inner cavity of the feed isolation section 702. The partitioned cavity has two first ventilation pipes 707 on one side wall of the feeding isolation section 702. One of the first ventilation pipes 707 is connected to an external negative pressure suction device, and the other first ventilation pipe 707 is connected to an external inert gas storage tank. After the waste lithium battery enters the first isolation plate 7031 and the second isolation plate 7041, the first ventilation pipe 707 connected to the negative pressure suction device opens first to extract the air in the cavity, and the first ventilation pipe 707 connected to the inert gas storage tank opens again to replenish the gas. The first cylinder 703 drives the first isolation plate 7031 to move outward, and the waste lithium battery falls into the pyrolysis inlet 2 below.

[0053] The feed pipe 7 is equipped with a spiral feeder 708, which is located at the lower end of the hopper 701. A ring cylinder 7081 is fixedly fitted in the lower middle part of the feeder 708. The ring cylinder 7081 is rotatably embedded in the inner wall of the feed pipe 7. A ring tooth 7082 is provided in the middle of the ring cylinder 7081. A synchronization frame 706 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the feed pipe 7 outside the ring tooth 7082. A synchronization gear 7061 is rotatably connected to the synchronization frame 706 through a rotating shaft. The synchronization gear 7061 meshes with the ring tooth 7082. The piston rod end of the second cylinder 704 is also vertically and downwardly fixedly connected to an inverted "L"-shaped control arm 705. A drive tooth 7051 that meshes with the synchronization gear 7061 is provided on the upper horizontal section side wall of the control arm 705. A guide pressure shaft 7062 is also vertically rotatably provided at the outer end of the synchronization frame 706, which is tangent to the outer wall of the control arm 705.

[0054] The discharge pipe 9 is equipped with a third cylinder 902 and a fourth cylinder 903 arranged parallel to each other vertically. The piston rods of the third cylinder 902 and the fourth cylinder 903 are respectively fixedly connected to a third isolation plate 9021 and a fourth isolation plate 9031, which are vertically slidably inserted into the discharge pipe 9. The discharge pipe 9 between the third isolation plate 9021 and the fourth isolation plate 9031 is equipped with two second ventilation pipes 901. One of the second ventilation pipes 901 is connected to an external negative pressure suction device, and the other second ventilation pipe is connected to a third isolation plate 9031. Pipe 901 is connected to an external inert gas storage tank. After the waste lithium battery enters between the third separator 9021 and the fourth separator 9031, the fourth separator 9031 opens to unload the pyrolysis waste battery material. The fourth separator 9031 resets the partition chamber and is connected to the negative pressure suction device. The second ventilation pipe 901 is opened first to extract the air from the chamber. The second ventilation pipe 901, which is connected to the inert gas storage tank, is then opened to replenish the gas. The third separator 9021 is then opened to receive the pyrolysis waste material.

[0055] The cooling jacket 10 is equipped with a spiral circulating water pipe 1001. The flow control valve of the circulating water pipe 1001 of each cooling jacket 10 is independently connected to the controller 13 and interlocked with the temperature sensor provided in the corresponding pyrolysis drum 6 cavity inside the cooling jacket 10. The cooling jacket 10 is used to divide the temperature range in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis drum 6.

[0056] At least three rotating wheels 11 are arranged in a ring around the edge where the pyrolysis inlet end 2 and the pyrolysis outlet end 3 are connected to the pyrolysis drum 6. The pyrolysis drum 6 rotates between the rotating wheels 11, and one of the rotating wheels 11 is fixedly connected to the shaft of the rotary motor 8 to drive the pyrolysis drum 6 to rotate continuously.

[0057] The pyrolysis inlet 2 is a variable diameter pipe section structure. The conveying shaft 14 is located in the narrow section of the pyrolysis inlet 2. The conveying shaft 14 is equipped with a spiral conveyor 1401. The diameter of the conveyor 1401 is consistent with the inner diameter of the narrow section of the pyrolysis inlet 2. The outer end of the conveying shaft 14 is fixedly equipped with a conveying gear 1402, which meshes with the drive gear on the conveying motor 4.

[0058] Among them, a spiral discharge device 1601 is fixedly provided on the discharge shaft 16. The diameter of the discharge device 1601 is consistent with the inner diameter of the pyrolysis output end 3. A discharge gear 1602 is fixedly provided on the outer end of the discharge shaft 16. The discharge gear 1602 meshes with the drive gear on the discharge motor 5.

[0059] In Example 2, based on Example 1, connecting arms 1501 are vertically fixed to both ends of the guide shaft 15. The piston rod of the adjusting cylinder 12 is rotatably connected to the end of the connecting arm 1501 via a pin. A three-pronged guide frame 1502 is fixedly installed on the guide shaft 15 near the fixed guide frame 17. A slider 1503 is slidably mounted on the guide frame 1502. The guide shaft 15 at the inner end of the slider 1503 is provided with a spring 1506 that pushes the slider 1503 outward. A pin is vertically installed on the side of the slider 1503 near the fixed guide frame 17. A guide arm 1504 is fixedly connected between two sliders 1503 on the left and right guide frames 1502 that are positioned opposite each other. Guide fins 1505 are evenly spaced and inclined on the end face of the guide arm 1504 near the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum 6. The guide fins 1505 are arc-shaped and inclined towards the pyrolysis output end 3. A support rod ring is provided on the fixed guide frame 17. The pyrolysis drum 6 has three fan-shaped guide plates 1701, with arc-shaped guide holes 1702 extending downwards and inwards through each guide plate 1701. The pin of the slider 1503 is slidably placed in the guide hole 1702. When the waste lithium battery material needs to be retained in the pyrolysis drum 6 for pyrolysis, the adjusting cylinder 12 drives the guide shaft 15 to rotate counterclockwise. The slider 1503 moves inward under the guidance of the guide hole 1702, and the distance between the guide arm 1504 and the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum 6 increases. When the waste lithium battery material needs to be moved in the pyrolysis drum 6, the adjusting cylinder 12 drives the slider 1503 to rotate clockwise. The slider 1503 moves outward under the guidance of the guide hole 1702, and the distance between the guide arm 1504 and the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum 6 decreases. The guide fin 1505 is tangent to the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum 6. During the rotation of the pyrolysis drum 6, the material moves towards the pyrolysis output end 3 under the guidance of the guide fin 1505.

[0060] The following provides further explanation and elaboration on the structural and technical features mentioned above:

[0061] The pyrolysis drum 6 is internally equipped with multi-stage stepped heating tubes along the axial direction, which, together with the external cooling jacket 10, form stable temperature zones. The heating tubes have segmented temperature control (e.g., low-temperature zone, medium-temperature zone, high-temperature zone) to adapt to the pyrolysis requirements of different materials (electrolyte, binder, metal), avoiding sintering of components due to one-time high temperature. The cooling jacket 10 has an embedded spiral circulating water pipe 1001, whose flow control valve is interlocked with the controller 13. The cooling intensity of each zone is adjusted in real time by a temperature sensor to ensure clear boundaries between adjacent temperature zones (e.g., preventing heat from the high-temperature zone from diffusing to the low-temperature zone). The physical isolation of the cooling jacket 10 further reduces thermal interference and improves energy utilization efficiency.

[0062] The feed isolation section 702 of the feed pipe 7 is driven by the first cylinder 703 and the second cylinder 704 to alternately open and close the first isolation plate 7031 and the second isolation plate 7041. Combined with the negative pressure suction of the first ventilation pipe 707 and the replacement of inert gas, an oxygen-free environment for feeding is achieved. The specific process is as follows: after the material enters the cavity between the two isolation plates, the negative pressure suction device evacuates the air through the first ventilation pipe 707, and then the inert gas storage tank replenishes the air to form an inert environment; after the second isolation plate 7041 moves down, the material falls into the pyrolysis inlet 2. The material controller 708 is linked to the control arm 705 of the second cylinder 704 via the synchronous gear 7061: when the piston rod of the second cylinder 704 extends or retracts, the drive gear 7051 of the control arm 705 drives the synchronous gear 7061 to rotate, which in turn drives the ring gear 7082 to make the material controller 708 rotate spirally, thereby realizing quantitative feeding and avoiding material accumulation or blockage. When the second isolation plate 7041 is open, the material controller 708 spirals downward to convey material, which can realize quantitative feeding and prevent over-feeding. When the second isolation plate 7041 is closed, the material controller 708 rotates in the opposite direction to push the material in the hopper 701 upward, preventing the material in the hopper 701 from bridging and failing to feed normally.

[0063] The guide shaft 15 drives the connecting arm 1501 to rotate via the adjusting cylinder 12, changing the distance between the guide arm 1504 and the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum 6. When the adjusting cylinder 12 rotates the guide shaft 15 counterclockwise, the slider 1503 moves inward along the guide hole 1702 of the fixed guide frame 17, the spring 1506 is compressed, the distance between the guide arm 1504 and the inner wall of the drum increases, and the material residence time is extended to ensure complete pyrolysis. When rotating clockwise, the slider 1503 moves outward, the guide fin 1505 contacts the inner wall of the drum, and the centrifugal force of the drum's rotation pushes the material along the arc-shaped inclined surface of the guide fin 1505 to the pyrolysis output end 3. This design achieves dynamic adjustment of the material residence time through mechanical interlocking, adapting to the process requirements of different pyrolysis stages.

[0064] The third cylinder 902 and the fourth cylinder 903 of the discharge pipe 9 control the third isolation plate 9021 and the fourth isolation plate 9031 respectively, forming a segmented discharge chamber. When the pyrolyzed material enters the chamber between the two isolation plates, the fourth isolation plate 9031 opens first to discharge the material. After resetting, it is evacuated through the second ventilation pipe 901 and inert gas is introduced to ensure that the high-temperature material is cooled in an oxygen-free environment and to prevent the re-ignition of residual organic matter. The third isolation plate 9021 then opens to complete the discharge, forming a closed loop for continuous operation.

[0065] The conveying shaft 14 at the pyrolysis inlet 2 adopts a variable diameter pipe section design, with the diameter of its screw conveyor 1401 matching the inner diameter of the narrow section. Driven by the conveying motor 4, the conveying gear 1402 rotates, uniformly feeding the material into the pyrolysis drum 6. The discharge shaft 16 at the pyrolysis outlet 3, through the cooperation of the discharge device 1601 and the discharge gear 1602, ensures efficient discharge of waste material after pyrolysis. The hollow structure of the conveying shaft 14 and the discharge shaft 16 facilitates the passage of the guide shaft 15.

[0066] Three rotating wheels 11 are arranged in a ring around the edge of the pyrolysis inlet 2 and the pyrolysis outlet 3. One of the rotating wheels 11 is connected to a rotary motor 8 to drive the pyrolysis drum 6 to rotate smoothly. The evenly distributed design of the rotating wheels 11 disperses the weight load of the drum, reduces the risk of uneven wear, and ensures the sealing between the drum and the inlet / outlet ends when the drum rotates, preventing external air from seeping in and disrupting the inert environment.

[0067] Working principle:

[0068] The operator first initiates the system initialization program via controller 13. The pyrolysis drum 6 pre-rotates at 0.8 r / min driven by the rotary motor 8. At this time, the guide shaft 15 maintains the reference position, and the guide fins 1505 of the guide arm 1504 maintain a standard gap of 5 mm with the inner wall of the drum. The flow control valve of the circulating water pipe 1001 of the cooling jacket 10 is in the fully closed state, and the three-section heating pipe is in standby mode.

[0069] The feeding process must strictly adhere to the oxygen-free operation specifications: After the second cylinder 704 drives the second isolation plate 7041 to move downwards and close the cavity, the first cylinder 703 controls the first isolation plate 7031 to move outwards to form a sealed chamber. The first ventilation pipe 707, connected to the negative pressure equipment, is activated. When the pressure inside the chamber drops to -0.9 bar, the inert gas storage tank injects argon gas through another first ventilation pipe 707 to a slightly positive pressure state. At this time, during the opening of the second isolation plate 7041, the feeder 708 rotates forward under the drive of the control arm 705, and the material enters the pyrolysis inlet 2 after being precisely metered by the spiral blades. It is worth noting that the rotation direction of the feeder 708 is mechanically interlocked with the opening and closing state of the second isolation plate 7041. When the second isolation plate 7041 is in the closed state, the feeder 708 will automatically rotate in the reverse direction to prevent material blockage.

[0070] The pyrolysis stage employs a dynamic control strategy: the controller 13 activates the heating tubes in stages according to the preset temperature curve, prioritizing the activation of the low-temperature zone (220-350℃). The circulating water pipe 1001 of the cooling jacket 10 automatically adjusts the flow rate based on temperature sensor feedback. When the temperature difference between adjacent temperature zones exceeds 40℃, the system automatically increases the cooling water flow rate to 3m³ / h. The adjusting cylinder 12 of the guide shaft 15 achieves three-level position control via the connecting arm 1501: the initial position maintains uniform material flow; when rotated counterclockwise by 45°, the guide arm 1504 retracts by 15mm, extending the material residence time by 60%; when rotated clockwise by 20°, the guide fin 1505 contacts the inner wall of the drum, forcibly pushing the material using centrifugal force. The specially designed variable-diameter conveying shaft 14 forms a material compression zone in the narrow section, and its screw conveyor 1401 maintains a 0.5mm gap with the inner wall of the drum, ensuring that the material enters the pyrolysis zone uniformly.

[0071] The discharge system employs a dual-isolation plate collaborative operation: after the fourth cylinder 903 controls the fourth isolation plate 9031 to move outward for unloading, the third cylinder 902 keeps the third isolation plate 9021 in a closed state. At this time, the second air exchange pipe 901 performs three vacuum-argon replacement cycles. When the temperature at the pyrolysis output end 3 drops below 70℃, the third isolation plate 9021 opens, and the spiral blades of the discharge shaft 16 discharge the material at a speed of 90 rpm. The entire discharge process is monitored in real time by a pressure sensor to ensure pressure balance inside and outside the chamber and prevent high-temperature gas leakage.

[0072] This device achieves fully enclosed pyrolysis treatment of waste lithium batteries through precise mechanical linkage and automated control. Every action parameter has been verified through fluid dynamics simulation to ensure stable operation even at the maximum processing capacity (200 kg / h). Operators can monitor the parameters of each temperature zone, material flow status, and gas composition in real time through the touch screen of controller 13, enabling intelligent production scheduling.

[0073] The following points should be noted in this article:

[0074] 1. The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of the present invention; other structures can refer to general designs.

[0075] 2. Where there is no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0076] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries, comprising: A pyrolysis frame; characterized in that a pyrolysis inlet and a pyrolysis outlet are fixedly installed at both ends of the pyrolysis frame, and a pyrolysis drum is rotatably connected between the pyrolysis inlet and the pyrolysis outlet; a feed pipe is vertically connected to the upper end of the pyrolysis inlet; a discharge pipe is vertically downward at the bottom end of the pyrolysis outlet away from the pyrolysis drum; a conveying shaft is rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis inlet along the material conveying direction, and a discharge shaft is rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis outlet along the material discharging direction; the inner ends of the conveying shaft and the discharge shaft are respectively installed in the inner cavities of the pyrolysis inlet and the pyrolysis outlet through fixed guide frames, and both the conveying shaft and the discharge shaft are hollow structures. A guide shaft is rotatably mounted between the pyrolysis sections. Adjusting cylinders are hinged to the pyrolysis stands at both ends of the guide shaft, driving its rotation. A conveying motor for driving the conveying shaft is mounted on the pyrolysis inlet stand, and a discharge motor for driving the discharge shaft is mounted on the pyrolysis outlet stand. A rotary motor for driving the pyrolysis drum is also mounted on the pyrolysis inlet stand. Multiple heating tubes with progressively increasing temperatures are sequentially arranged within the pyrolysis drum housing from the inlet to the outlet. A cooling jacket surrounds the pyrolysis drum between the heating tubes. A controller is also mounted on the pyrolysis stand. The guide shaft... Both ends are vertically fixed with connecting arms. The piston rod of the adjusting cylinder is rotatably connected to the end of the connecting arm via a pin. A three-pronged guide frame is fixedly installed on the guide shaft near the fixed guide frame. A slider is slidably mounted on the guide frame. The guide shaft at the inner end of the slider has a spring that pushes the slider outward. A pin is vertically installed on the side of the slider near the fixed guide frame. A guide arm is fixedly connected between two sliders in opposite positions on the left and right guide frames. Guide fins are evenly spaced and inclined on the end face of the guide arm near the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum. The guide fins are arc-shaped and inclined towards the pyrolysis output end. Three fan-shaped guide plates are distributed in a ring on the fixed guide frame via support rods. The pyrolysis drum has two through-holes that slope inward and downward. The pin of the slider slides in the guide hole. When the waste lithium battery material needs to be retained in the pyrolysis drum for pyrolysis, the adjusting cylinder drives the guide shaft to rotate counterclockwise. The slider moves inward under the guidance of the guide hole, and the distance between the guide arm and the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum increases. When the waste lithium battery material needs to be moved in the pyrolysis drum, the adjusting cylinder drives the slider to rotate clockwise. The slider moves outward under the guidance of the guide hole, and the distance between the guide arm and the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum decreases. The guide fin is tangent to the inner wall of the pyrolysis drum. During the rotation of the pyrolysis drum, the material moves towards the pyrolysis output end under the guidance of the guide fin.

2. The pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the feed pipe is equipped with a hopper with an enlarged diameter. The middle part of the feed pipe is a feed isolation section. The outer wall of the feed isolation section is equipped with a first cylinder and a second cylinder. The first cylinder is located below the second cylinder. The piston rod end of the first cylinder is fixedly connected to a first isolation plate. The first isolation plate is vertically slidably inserted into the partition cavity inside the feed isolation section. The piston rod end of the second cylinder is fixedly connected to a second isolation plate to the partition cavity inside the feed isolation section. Two first ventilation pipes are provided on one side wall of the feed isolation section. One of the first ventilation pipes is connected to an external negative pressure suction device, and the other first ventilation pipe is connected to an external inert gas storage tank. After the waste lithium battery enters the first isolation plate and the second isolation plate, the first ventilation pipe connected to the negative pressure suction device opens first to extract the air in the cavity. The first ventilation pipe connected to the inert gas storage tank then opens to replenish the gas. The first cylinder drives the first isolation plate to move outward, and the waste lithium battery falls into the pyrolysis inlet below.

3. The pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that, The feed pipe is equipped with a spiral feed controller located at the lower end of the hopper. A ring cylinder is fixedly fitted around the lower middle part of the feed controller. The ring cylinder is rotatably embedded in the inner wall of the feed pipe. The middle part of the ring cylinder is provided with ring teeth. A synchronization frame is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the feed pipe outside the ring teeth. A synchronization gear is rotatably connected to the synchronization frame through a rotating shaft. The synchronization gear meshes with the ring teeth. The piston rod end of the second cylinder is also vertically and downwardly fixedly connected to an inverted "L"-shaped control arm. The upper horizontal section of the control arm has drive teeth that mesh with the synchronization gear. The outer end of the synchronization frame is also vertically rotatably provided with a guide pressure shaft that is tangent to the outer wall of the control arm.

4. The pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge pipe is equipped with a third cylinder and a fourth cylinder arranged parallel to each other vertically. The piston rods of the third and fourth cylinders are respectively fixedly connected to a third isolation plate and a fourth isolation plate, which are vertically slidably inserted into the discharge pipe. There are two second ventilation pipes on the discharge pipe between the third and fourth isolation plates. One of the second ventilation pipes is connected to an external negative pressure suction device, and the other is connected to an external inert gas storage tank. After the waste lithium battery enters between the third and fourth isolation plates, the fourth isolation plate opens to discharge the pyrolysis waste battery material. The fourth isolation plate resets to separate the cavity. The second ventilation pipe connected to the negative pressure suction device first opens to extract the air from the cavity, and the second ventilation pipe connected to the inert gas storage tank then opens to replenish the gas. The third isolation plate then opens to receive the pyrolysis waste material.

5. The pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling jacket is equipped with a spiral circulating water pipe. The flow control valve of the circulating water pipe of each cooling jacket is independently connected to the controller and interlocked with the temperature sensor installed in the corresponding pyrolysis drum cavity inside the cooling jacket. The cooling jacket is used to divide the various temperature ranges in the inner cavity of the pyrolysis drum.

6. The pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least three rotating wheels are arranged in a ring around the edge where the pyrolysis inlet and outlet are connected to the pyrolysis drum. The pyrolysis drum rotates between the rotating wheels, and one of the rotating wheels is fixedly connected to the shaft of a rotary motor to drive the pyrolysis drum to rotate continuously.

7. The pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis inlet is a variable diameter pipe section structure. The conveying shaft is located in the narrow section of the pyrolysis inlet. A spiral conveyor is provided on the conveying shaft. The diameter of the conveyor is consistent with the inner diameter of the narrow section of the pyrolysis inlet. A conveying gear is fixedly provided at the outer end of the conveying shaft. The conveying gear meshes with the drive gear on the conveying motor.

8. The pyrolysis device for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, A spiral discharge device is fixedly installed on the discharge shaft. The diameter of the discharge device is consistent with the inner diameter of the pyrolysis output end. A discharge gear is fixedly installed at the outer end of the discharge shaft. The discharge gear meshes with the drive gear on the discharge motor.

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