Liquid treatment agent for red mud harmless treatment and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud and a preparation method thereof, and comprises a treatment agent A and a treatment agent B, the treatment agent A is mixed by hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and raw materials of the treatment agent B comprise the following components: malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, a solvent and an adsorbent, wherein mass fractions of the components are as follows: malic acid (20%-40%), acetic acid (20%-40%), phthalic acid monoester (15%-25%), the solvent (5%-15%) and the adsorbent (5%-15%), and the total sum of the proportion of the components is 100%; and the method of firstly using the liquid treatment agent A to preliminarily treat the red mud and then using the liquid treatment agent B to treat the red mud again can effectively reduce the alkalinity of the red mud, effectively remove various heavy metals, fluorides, radioactive elements and trace toxic elements in the red mud, avoid the loss of the harmful substances and pollution of the environment, and thus harmless treatment of the red mud is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of red mud treatment, in particular to a liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Red mud is a kind of waste residue discharged after extracting alumina from bauxite, which is named because it contains a large amount of ferric oxide and appears red. Red mud is mainly derived from the production process of alumina, especially the process of extracting alumina by Bayer method, sintering method or combined method. Red mud has a significant impact on the environment due to its high alkalinity and harmful substances. The stacking of red mud not only occupies a large amount of land, but also pollutes water systems and affects the quality of groundwater. Dry red mud is easy to be blown away by the wind, causing air pollution. In addition, the alkali and other harmful substances in red mud can also penetrate into the soil, affecting the fertility of the soil and the growth of crops. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out harmless treatment of red mud.

[0003] However, in the process of treating most existing red mud, inorganic acid treatment agent (hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid) is usually used to soak the red mud. Although inorganic acid (hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid) can react with alkaline substances in red mud to reduce the alkalinity of red mud, and react with heavy metal ions in red mud to produce soluble salts, the inorganic acid treatment method alone cannot completely reduce the alkalinity and harmful substances of red mud, which results in poor treatment effect of red mud. Therefore, we propose a liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud and a preparation method thereof. SUMMARY

[0004] (I) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present application provides a liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] (II) Technical solutions

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud, comprising a treatment agent A and a treatment agent B, the treatment agent A is mixed by hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid;

[0008] The raw materials of the treatment agent B include the following components: malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, solvent and adsorbent, wherein the mass fraction of each component is malic acid (20%-40%), acetic acid (20%-40%), phthalic acid monoester (15%-25%), solvent (5%-15%) and adsorbent (5%-15%), and the total proportion of each component is 100%;

[0009] The processing agent A and the processing agent B need to be used separately.

[0010] Preferably, the hydrochloric acid and the sulfuric acid are both dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid solution, and the volume fraction ratio of the dilute hydrochloric acid and the dilute sulfuric acid is 1:1.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the processing agent A comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step one, an appropriate volume of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid solution is weighed by a measuring tool, and then the dilute hydrochloric acid and the dilute sulfuric acid solution are poured into a glass container in a certain proportion;

[0013] Step two, during the mixing of the dilute hydrochloric acid and the dilute sulfuric acid, the mixer is used for mixing until all the two solutions are added, so as to obtain the required processing agent A solution.

[0014] Preferably, the ratio of each component of the processing agent B is as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 20%, solvent 10%, and adsorbent 10%, and the total of the ratio of each component is 100%.

[0015] Preferably, the solvent is any one or a mixture of multiple of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone.

[0016] Preferably, the adsorbent is active alumina.

[0017] Preferably, the preparation method of the processing agent B comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1, an appropriate volume of malic acid and acetic acid solution is weighed by a measuring tool, the malic acid solution is first added to a mixing tank, one-third of the content of the solvent is then added, and the two are preliminarily mixed by using a stirring tool, then the acetic acid solution is slowly added in two times, and the stirring tool is used for timely mixing, so as to obtain the required acid mixture;

[0019] S2, phthalic acid monoester is slowly added to the acid mixture prepared in step S1 in three times, and the stirring tool is used for stirring, and in the process of adding phthalic acid monoester in the first two times, the remaining solvent in step S1 is added subsequently, so as to obtain the required primary processing liquid;

[0020] S3, the adsorbent is slowly added to the primary processing liquid prepared in step S2 in two times, and the stirring tool is used for stirring, and after all the solutions are fully mixed, the required processing agent B solution is obtained.

[0021] Preferably, in step S1, the content ratio of the two times of acetic acid solution added is 2:1, and the interval time of the two times of acetic acid solution added is 0.5h.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2, the content of the phthalic monoester is added three times in equal proportions, i.e. one-third of the content of the phthalic monoester is added each time, and the content of the solvent is added twice in a ratio of 3:2.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, the content of the adsorbent is added twice in a ratio of 1:1, and the time interval between the two additions of the adsorbent is 0.25 h.

[0024] (III) Beneficial effects

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present application provides a liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud and a preparation method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud and the preparation method thereof can leach radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals in the red mud and reduce the alkalinity of the red mud by using inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid), can remove various heavy metals in the red mud and also reduce the alkalinity of the red mud by using organic acids (malic acid and acetic acid), and can adsorb fluoride in the red mud by using active alumina, i.e. the active alumina has a large specific surface area and carries a positive charge, which can adsorb fluoride ions, so that the Zeta potential is reduced, thereby making the flocculation unstable and causing sedimentation.

[0027] The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud and the preparation method thereof can reduce the alkalinity of the red mud by using phthalic monoester, the carboxyl groups in the molecular structure of which can undergo a neutralization reaction with hydroxide ions in the red mud when the phthalic monoester is hydrolyzed into phthalic acid, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the red mud, and the phthalic monoester as an organic acid ester compound can improve the interfacial contact between the red mud particles and the dealkalization medium (such as water or an acid solution), promote the dissolution of alkaline substances, and at the same time, as a dispersant, can reduce the agglomeration of the red mud and improve the reaction efficiency of dealkalization, and the solvent can enable the phthalic monoester to better coexist with the organic acids (malic acid and acetic acid).

[0028] The liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud and the preparation method thereof, by mixing raw materials of the liquid treatment agent A with dilute hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution in a ratio of 1:1, and the raw materials of the treatment agent B are as follows in percentage of mass fraction: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 20%, solvent (any one or mixture of more than one of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone) 10%, and active alumina 10%, the total sum of the ratio of each component is 100%, thus the prepared liquid treatment agent, in combination with the method of using the liquid treatment agent A to preliminarily treat the red mud and then using the liquid treatment agent B to treat the preliminarily treated red mud, can effectively reduce the alkalinity of the red mud, and effectively remove various heavy metals, fluorides, radioactive elements and trace toxic elements in the red mud, avoid the loss of these harmful substances to pollute the environment, improve the treatment effect of the red mud, so as to realize the harmless treatment of the red mud. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0030] Embodiment one:

[0031] A liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud, comprising a treatment agent A and a treatment agent B, the treatment agent A is prepared by mixing hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid in a certain volume ratio, and the specific mixing steps are as follows: first, use a measuring tool to weigh an appropriate volume of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution, then pour the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution into a glass container in a ratio of 1:1, and mix them with a stirrer during the mixing process until the two solutions are completely added, thereby obtaining the required treatment agent A solution.

[0032] The raw materials of the treatment agent B include the following components: malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, solvent and active alumina, and the ratio of each component is as follows in percentage of mass fraction: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 25%, solvent 5% and active alumina 10%, and the total sum of the ratio of each component is 100%, wherein the solvent is any one or mixture of more than one of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone;

[0033] The preparation method of the treatment agent B comprises the following steps:

[0034] S1, a certain volume of malic acid and acetic acid solution is weighed by a measuring tool, the malic acid solution is first added to the mixing tank, one third of the solvent is then added, and the two are pre-mixed by a stirring tool, then the acetic acid solution is slowly added in two times according to a volume ratio of 2:1, the interval between the two times of adding the acetic acid solution is 0.5h, and the stirring tool is used for timely mixing, so as to obtain the required acid mixture;

[0035] S2, the phthalic acid monoester is slowly added to the acid mixture prepared in step S1 in three equal proportions, and stirring is performed by a stirring tool, and during the first two times of adding the phthalic acid monoester, the remaining solvent in step S1 is added, at this time, the content ratio of the two times of adding the solvent is 3:2, so as to obtain the required primary treatment solution;

[0036] S3, the active alumina is slowly added to the primary treatment solution prepared in step S2 in two equal proportions, the interval between the two times of adding the active alumina is 0.25h, and stirring is performed by a stirring tool, after all the solutions are fully mixed, the required treatment agent B solution is obtained.

[0037] In the above scheme, it should be noted that during the treatment of red mud by using liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B, liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B are used separately, that is, after the treatment of red mud by using liquid treatment agent A (or liquid treatment agent B) is completed, liquid treatment agent B (or liquid treatment agent A) is used to treat the red mud.

[0038] Example two:

[0039] A liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud, comprising treatment agent A and treatment agent B, treatment agent A is mixed by hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid according to a certain volume ratio, and the specific mixing steps are as follows: first, a certain volume of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution is weighed by a measuring tool, then the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution is poured into a glass container in the order of 1:1 ratio, and during the mixing of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, a stirring tool is used for mixing, until all the two kinds of solution are added, so as to obtain the required treatment agent A solution;

[0040] The raw materials of treatment agent B include the following components: malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, solvent and active alumina, and the ratio of each component is as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 20%, solvent 10% and active alumina 10%, the total of the ratio of each component is 100%, wherein the solvent is any one or mixture of more than one of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone;

[0041] And the preparation method of treatment agent B comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1, a certain volume of malic acid and acetic acid solution is weighed by a measuring tool, the malic acid solution is first added to the mixing tank, one-third of the solvent is then added, and the two are pre-mixed by a stirring tool, then the acetic acid solution is slowly added in two times according to a volume ratio of 2:1, the interval between the two times of adding the acetic acid solution is 0.5 h, and the stirring tool is used for timely mixing, so as to obtain the required acid mixture;

[0043] S2, the phthalic acid monoester is slowly added to the acid mixture prepared in step S1 in three equal proportions, and stirring is performed by a stirring tool, and during the first two times of adding the phthalic acid monoester, the remaining solvent in step S1 is added, at this time, the content ratio of the two times of adding the solvent is 3:2, so as to obtain the required primary treatment solution;

[0044] S3, the active alumina is slowly added to the primary treatment solution prepared in step S2 in two equal proportions, the interval between the two times of adding the active alumina is 0.25 h, and stirring is performed by a stirring tool, after all the solutions are fully mixed, the required treatment agent B solution is obtained.

[0045] In the above scheme, it should be noted that during the treatment of red mud by using liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B, liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B are used separately, that is, after the treatment of red mud by using liquid treatment agent A (or liquid treatment agent B) is completed, liquid treatment agent B (or liquid treatment agent A) is used to treat the red mud.

[0046] Example three:

[0047] A liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud, comprising treatment agent A and treatment agent B, treatment agent A is mixed by hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid according to a certain volume ratio, and the specific mixing steps are as follows: first, a certain volume of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution is weighed by a measuring tool, then the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution is poured into a glass container in the order of 1:1 ratio, and during the mixing of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, a stirring tool is used for mixing, until all the two kinds of solution are added, so as to obtain the required treatment agent A solution;

[0048] The raw materials of treatment agent B include the following components: malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, solvent and active alumina, and the ratio of each component is as follows in terms of mass fraction percentage: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 15%, solvent 15% and active alumina 10%, the total of the ratio of each component is 100%, wherein the solvent is any one or mixture of more than one of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone;

[0049] And the preparation method of treatment agent B comprises the following steps:

[0050] S1, a certain amount of malic acid and acetic acid solution is weighed by a measuring tool, the malic acid solution is first added to the mixing tank, one third of the solvent is then added, and the two are pre-mixed by a stirring tool, the acetic acid solution is then slowly added in two times according to a volume ratio of 2:1, the interval between the two times of adding the acetic acid solution is 0.5 h, and the stirring tool is used for timely mixing, so as to obtain the required acid mixture;

[0051] S2, the phthalic acid monoester is slowly added to the acid mixture prepared in step S1 in three equal proportions, and stirring is performed by a stirring tool, and in the process of adding the phthalic acid monoester in the first two times, the remaining solvent in step S1 is added, at this time, the content ratio of the two times of adding the solvent is 3:2, so as to obtain the required primary treatment solution;

[0052] S3, the active alumina is slowly added to the primary treatment solution prepared in step S2 in two equal proportions, the interval between the two times of adding the active alumina is 0.25 h, and stirring is performed by a stirring tool, after all the solutions are fully mixed, the required treatment agent B solution is obtained.

[0053] In the above scheme, it should be noted that in the process of treating the red mud by using the liquid treatment agent A and the liquid treatment agent B, the liquid treatment agent A and the liquid treatment agent B are used separately, that is, after the red mud is treated by using the liquid treatment agent A (or the liquid treatment agent B), the red mud is treated by using the liquid treatment agent B (or the liquid treatment agent A).

[0054] It can be known from the comparison of treating the red mud by using the liquid treatment agents prepared by the above-mentioned example one, example two and example three methods:

[0055] Since the red mud contains a large amount of alkaline chemicals, various heavy metals (such as lead, chromium and cadmium, etc.), fluorides, radioactive elements (such as radium, thorium and potassium, etc.) and trace toxic elements (such as arsenic and selenium, etc.), the inorganic acid (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) used in the liquid treatment agents prepared by the above-mentioned example one, example two and example three methods can leach out the radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals in the red mud, and reduce the alkalinity of the red mud, and the organic acid (malic acid and acetic acid) can remove various heavy metals in the red mud, and also can reduce the alkalinity of the red mud;

[0056] The phthalic monoester can reduce the alkalinity of the red mud. As the phthalic monoester is an organic acid ester compound, it can improve the interface contact between the red mud particles and the dealkalization medium (such as water or an acid solution), thereby promoting the dissolution of the alkaline substances, and as a dispersant, it can reduce the agglomeration of the red mud and improve the reaction efficiency of dealkalization. When the phthalic monoester is hydrolyzed into phthalic acid, the carboxyl groups in the molecular structure can undergo neutralization reaction with the hydroxide ions in the red mud, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the red mud;

[0057] The solvent (any one or a mixture of two or more of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone) can make the phthalic monoester and the organic acid coexist better;

[0058] The active alumina can adsorb the fluoride in the red mud. Due to the large specific surface area and positive charge of the active alumina, it can adsorb fluoride ions, reduce the Zeta potential, and make the flocs unstable and settle;

[0059] In the above scheme, the coexistence of the organic acid (malic acid and acetic acid) and the phthalic monoester is a crucial factor in reducing the internal alkalinity of the red mud. Only when the organic acid (malic acid and acetic acid) and the phthalic monoester are within a suitable range can the alkalinity of the red mud be better reduced. The difference between the liquid treatment agents prepared in the above Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 is the content of the phthalic monoester and the solvent, which can simulate different coexistence conditions between the organic acid (malic acid and acetic acid) and the phthalic monoester, thereby obtaining different effects on the reduction of the alkalinity of the red mud. The results of the reduction of the alkalinity of the red mud by Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 are as follows:

[0060] In Example 1, the content of the phthalic monoester is relatively high and the content of the solvent is relatively low, so the solvent is difficult to balance between the phthalic monoester and the malic acid and acetic acid solution, which can easily lead to the poor coexistence between the phthalic monoester and the malic acid and acetic acid solution, i.e. the phthalic monoester is difficult to assist the red mud particles to have a larger interface contact area with the dealkalization medium (malic acid and acetic acid solution), thereby leading to poor dissolution of the alkaline substances in the red mud;

[0061] In Example 2, the content of the phthalic monoester is moderate and the content of the solvent is also moderate, so the phthalic monoester not only can assist the red mud particles to have a sufficient interface contact with the dealkalization medium (malic acid and acetic acid solution), but also can be better hydrolyzed into phthalic acid, which is convenient for neutralization reaction with the hydroxide ions in the red mud, thereby improving the effect of reducing the alkalinity of the red mud;

[0062] In the embodiment three, due to the content of the phthalic monoester component accounts for a small proportion, and the content of the solvent accounts for a large proportion, so the phthalic monoester itself is difficult to better hydrolyze into phthalic acid, so that the number of carboxyl groups in its molecular structure is reduced, that is, the number of carboxyl groups capable of neutralization reaction with hydroxyl ions in the red mud is reduced, thereby resulting in poor effect of reducing the alkalinity of the red mud;

[0063] In summary, through the comparison of the embodiment one, the embodiment two and the embodiment three, it can be known that the liquid treatment agent prepared by the method of the embodiment two has the best effect of reducing the alkalinity of the red mud, wherein the specific components of the treatment agent B are as follows: in terms of mass percentage, the ratio of each component is as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic monoester 20%, solvent (any one or mixture of more than one of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone) 10%, and active alumina 10%, and the total of the ratio of each component is 100%.

[0064] Embodiment four:

[0065] The difference between the present embodiment and the embodiment two is that in the present embodiment, the liquid treatment agent A is prepared by mixing the dilute hydrochloric acid solution and the dilute sulfuric acid solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and then the prepared liquid treatment agent A is used to treat the red mud in combination with the liquid treatment agent B.

[0066] Embodiment five:

[0067] The difference between the present embodiment and the embodiment two is that in the present embodiment, the liquid treatment agent A is prepared by mixing the concentrated hydrochloric acid solution and the dilute sulfuric acid solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and then the prepared liquid treatment agent A is used to treat the red mud in combination with the liquid treatment agent B.

[0068] Embodiment six:

[0069] The difference between the present embodiment and the embodiment two is that in the present embodiment, the liquid treatment agent A is prepared by mixing the dilute hydrochloric acid solution and the concentrated sulfuric acid solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and then the prepared liquid treatment agent A is used to treat the red mud in combination with the liquid treatment agent B.

[0070] Through the comparison of the treatment of the red mud by using the liquid treatment agents prepared by the above-mentioned embodiment four, embodiment five and embodiment six, it can be known that:

[0071] Since the treatment agent A is prepared by mixing hydrochloric acid solution and sulfuric acid, the inorganic acid (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) can leach out the radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals in the red mud, and neutralize the alkaline substances in the red mud, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the red mud. The difference between Example Four, Example Five and Example Six lies in the concentration difference between the hydrochloric acid solution and the sulfuric acid solution, and the results of the red mud treatment of Example Four, Example Five and Example Six are analyzed as follows:

[0072] In Example Four, since dilute hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution are mixed, the dilute hydrochloric acid solution can not only react with the rare earth elements in the red mud to produce soluble chlorides, but also has relatively low requirements for reaction temperature and pressure. The dilute sulfuric acid can not only reduce the colloidal viscosity of the red mud and reduce particle agglomeration, but also separate elements such as titanium, aluminum, iron and scandium in the red mud.

[0073] In Example Five, since concentrated hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution are mixed, heat will be generated during the mixing process, which can easily cause liquid splashing and the generation of harmful gas (sulfur dioxide), thereby increasing the process requirements for mixing the two solutions. In addition, the concentrated hydrochloric acid solution can easily corrode the equipment;

[0074] In Example Six, since dilute hydrochloric acid solution and concentrated sulfuric acid solution are mixed, heat will be generated during the mixing process, which can easily cause liquid splashing and the generation of irritating gas (hydrogen chloride), thereby also increasing the process requirements for mixing the two solutions. In addition, the concentrated sulfuric acid solution can also easily corrode the equipment,

[0075] From the above, it can be seen from the comparison of Example Four, Example Five and Example Six that, by using the method of Example Four, mixing dilute hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution according to a volume ratio of 1:1, and then using the prepared liquid treatment agent A, the radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals in the red mud can be better leached out, and the alkalinity of the red mud can be reduced.

[0076] Example Seven

[0077] The difference between this example and Example Four is that, in the process of treating the red mud, the red mud is first subjected to preliminary treatment with liquid treatment agent A, and then subjected to secondary treatment with liquid treatment agent B.

[0078] Example Eight

[0079] The difference between this example and Example Four is that, in the process of treating the red mud, the red mud is first subjected to preliminary treatment with liquid treatment agent B, and then subjected to secondary treatment with liquid treatment agent A.

[0080] By using the above-mentioned manner of example seven and example eight, it can be known by comparing the separate treatment of red mud by liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B that:

[0081] In example seven, since the red mud is first treated by liquid treatment agent A (a mixture of dilute hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid), the radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals in the red mud can be first leached in a large amount, and the alkalinity of the red mud can be preliminarily reduced. Then, by using liquid treatment agent B, the residual content can be treated again after the content of radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals is reduced, and the alkalinity of the red mud can be greatly reduced.

[0082] In example eight, since the red mud is first treated by liquid treatment agent B, the alkalinity of the red mud can only be reduced, and the radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals in the red mud are difficult to be preliminarily treated. When the red mud is treated by liquid treatment agent A, the radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals may not be completely treated, which leads to poor treatment effect of the red mud.

[0083] Therefore, according to the technical scheme of the present application, in combination with example two, example four and example seven, when the raw material of liquid treatment agent A is mixed in a ratio of 1:1 by using dilute hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution, and the raw material of treatment agent B is mixed in a mass fraction percentage of 100%, the ratio of each component is as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 20%, solvent (any one or mixture of more than one of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone) 10%, and active alumina 10%. The sum of the ratio of each component is 100%. The prepared liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud, in combination with the manner of first treating the red mud by liquid treatment agent A and then treating the preliminarily treated red mud by liquid treatment agent B, can effectively reduce the alkalinity of the red mud, and effectively remove various heavy metals, fluorides, radioactive elements and trace toxic elements in the red mud, avoid the loss of these harmful substances to pollute the environment, improve the treatment effect of the red mud, and realize the harmless treatment of the red mud.

[0084] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud, characterized in that, It includes treatment agent A and treatment agent B, wherein treatment agent A is a mixture of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid; The raw materials of the treatment agent B include the following components: malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, solvent and adsorbent. The proportions of each component of the treatment agent B by mass fraction percentage are as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 20%, solvent 10% and adsorbent 10%, and the total proportion of each component is 100%. The preparation method of the treatment agent B includes the following steps: S1. Weigh an appropriate volume of malic acid and acetic acid solution using a measuring tool. First, add the malic acid solution to the mixing tank, then add one-third of the solvent content, and use a stirring tool to pre-mix the two. Then, slowly add the acetic acid solution in two batches, and use a stirring tool to mix them in time to obtain the required acid mixture. S2. Phthalic acid monoester is slowly added to the acid mixture prepared in step S1 in three portions, and stirred with a stirring tool. During the first two additions of phthalic acid monoester, the remaining solvent in step S1 is added afterward to obtain the required primary treatment solution. S3. Add the adsorbent slowly in two batches to the primary treatment solution prepared in step S2, and stir with a stirring tool. After all the solutions are fully mixed, the desired treatment agent B solution is obtained. Wherein, the solvent is any one or more mixtures of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone, and the adsorbent is activated alumina; The treatment agent A and treatment agent B must be used separately. The red mud is first pre-treated with liquid treatment agent A, and then the red mud is treated again with liquid treatment agent B.

2. The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid solutions, and the volume ratio of the dilute hydrochloric acid to the dilute sulfuric acid is 1:

1.

3. The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the treatment agent A includes the following steps: Step 1: Weigh out appropriate volumes of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid solutions using measuring tools, and then pour the dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid solutions into a glass container in a certain proportion. Step 2: During the mixing of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid, use a stirring device to mix until both solutions are completely added, thereby obtaining the required treatment agent A solution.

4. The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the ratio of the amount of acetic acid solution added twice is 2:1, and the time interval between the two additions of acetic acid solution is 0.5h.

5. The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the phthalic acid monoester is added in three equal proportions, that is, the amount of phthalic acid monoester added each time is one-third, and the ratio of the amounts of solvent added twice is 3:

2.

6. The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the ratio of the adsorbent added twice is 1:1, and the time interval between the two additions of the adsorbent is 0.25h.