An ecological impact assessment method and system for an environmentally friendly de-icing agent

Abstract

This invention provides a method and system for assessing the ecological impact of an environmentally friendly de-icing agent, relating to the field of environmental protection technology. The method includes: conducting a seed growth impact experiment; after the seed growth impact experiment, obtaining seed weight data for the experimental and control groups; determining a relative growth impact index based on the seed weight data; and collecting first surface soil samples and first surface water samples from multiple sampling units before applying the de-icing agent; collecting second surface soil samples and second surface water samples from the same sampling units at a preset number of days after the de-icing agent application; determining a microbial activity inhibition index; determining an ecotoxicity response index; and determining the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly de-icing agent based on the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index. According to this invention, the ecological impact of environmentally friendly de-icing agents can be assessed from multiple dimensions, improving the accuracy and reliability of the assessment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental protection technology, and in particular to a method and system for assessing the ecological impact of an environmentally friendly de-icing agent. Background Technology

[0002] While current technologies have determined the freezing point and freezing patterns of de-icing agents, they have not considered the impact of environmentally friendly de-icing agents on the ecological environment. In other words, it is impossible to assess the ecological impact of environmentally friendly de-icing agents from multiple dimensions.

[0003] The information disclosed in the background section of this application is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this application and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for assessing the ecological impact of environmentally friendly de-icing agents, which can solve the technical problem that related technologies cannot assess the ecological impact of environmentally friendly de-icing agents from multiple dimensions.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for assessing the ecological impact of an environmentally friendly de-icing agent is provided, comprising: dividing selected plant seeds to be tested into multiple experimental groups and a control group, and conducting a seed growth impact test, wherein the multiple experimental groups are cultured with the same concentration of de-icing agent solution, and the control group is cultured with tap water; after the seed growth impact test, obtaining seed weight data of the experimental groups and the control group; determining a relative growth impact index based on the seed weight data; dividing a preset ecological area into multiple sampling units, and collecting first surface soil samples and first surface water samples from multiple sampling units before the application of the de-icing agent; collecting second surface soil samples and second surface water samples from the same sampling unit at a preset number of days after the application of the de-icing agent; determining a microbial activity inhibition index based on the first surface soil samples and the second surface soil samples; and determining a microbial activity inhibition index based on the first surface soil samples and the second surface soil samples; and determining a relative growth impact index based on the first surface soil samples and the second surface soil samples. The ecotoxicity response index is determined using soil samples, the first surface water sample, the second surface soil sample, and the second surface water sample. This includes: measuring the first soil conductivity of the first surface soil sample and the first surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the first soil conductivity of the first surface soil sample and the first water conductivity of the first surface water sample from multiple sampling units; measuring the second soil conductivity of the second surface soil sample and the second water conductivity of the second surface soil sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the second soil conductivity of the second surface soil sample and the second water conductivity of the second surface water sample from multiple sampling units; detecting the first content information of multiple key heavy metals in the first surface soil sample using a spectrometer; detecting the second content information of multiple key heavy metals in the second surface soil sample using a spectrometer; determining the soil conductivity change index based on the first soil conductivity, the second soil conductivity, the first water conductivity, and the second water conductivity; and using the formula:

[0006]

[0007] Determine the soil conductivity change index of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, Let be the first electrical conductivity of the first surface soil sample in the j-th sampling unit. Let be the second electrical conductivity of the second surface soil sample from the j-th sampling unit. Let be the first conductivity of the surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit. The second electrical conductivity of the second surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit; the heavy metal ecological migration factor is determined based on the first electrical conductivity of the soil, the second electrical conductivity of the soil, the first content information, and the second content information; according to the formula:

[0008]

[0009] Determine the heavy metal ecological migration factor of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, This provides the first content information of the e-th key heavy metal in the first surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit. The second content information of the e-th critical heavy metal in the second surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit, where E is the number of critical heavy metal species, e ≤ E, and both e and E are positive integers; the ecotoxicity response index is determined based on the soil electrical conductivity change index and the heavy metal ecological migration factor, including: according to the formula:

[0010]

[0011] The ecotoxicity response index (ETRI) is determined, where S is the number of sampling units, j ≤ S, and both j and S are positive integers. Based on the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index, the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined.

[0012] Further, based on the seed weight data, the relative growth impact index is determined, including: determining the number of experimental groups; and determining the relative growth impact index based on the number of experimental groups and the seed weight data.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the number of experimental groups and the seed weight data, the relative growth influence index is determined, including: according to the formula:

[0014]

[0015] The relative growth influence index RGII was determined, where, The seed weight data for the i-th experimental group. The seed weight data represents the control group, N represents the number of experimental groups, i ≤ N, and both i and N are positive integers.

[0016] Further, based on the first surface soil sample and the second surface soil sample, a microbial activity inhibition index is determined, including: measuring the ATP content of the first surface soil sample to obtain the first ATP content of microorganisms in a unit mass of the first surface soil sample from multiple sampling units; measuring the ATP content of the second surface soil sample to obtain the second ATP content of microorganisms in a unit mass of the second surface soil sample from multiple sampling units; and determining the microbial activity inhibition index based on the first ATP content and the second ATP content.

[0017] Further, based on the first ATP content and the second ATP content, a microbial activity inhibition index is determined, including: according to the formula:

[0018]

[0019] The microbial activity inhibition index MAII was determined, in which, The first ATP content of microorganisms in the first surface soil sample per unit mass of the j-th sampling unit. Let S be the second ATP content of microorganisms in a unit mass of the second surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit, and let S be the number of sampling units, where j ≤ S and both j and S are positive integers.

[0020] Further, the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined based on the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index, including: summing the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index to determine an ecological impact score; if the ecological impact score is greater than or equal to a first preset ecological impact score, the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be level 3; if the ecological impact score is less than the first preset ecological impact score, and the ecological impact score is greater than or equal to a second preset ecological impact score, the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be level 2; if the ecological impact score is less than the second preset ecological impact score, the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be level 1.

[0021] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an ecological impact assessment system for an environmentally friendly de-icing agent is provided, comprising: a seed growth impact test module, used to divide selected plant seeds to be tested into multiple experimental groups and a control group to conduct a seed growth impact test, wherein the multiple experimental groups are cultured with the same concentration of de-icing agent solution, and the control group is cultured with tap water; a seed weight data module, used to acquire seed weight data of the experimental groups and the control group after the seed growth impact test; a relative growth impact index module, used to determine a relative growth impact index based on the seed weight data; a first surface soil sample and a first surface water sample module, used to divide a preset ecological area into multiple sampling units and collect first surface soil samples and first surface water samples of multiple sampling units before the application of the de-icing agent; a second surface soil sample and a second surface water sample module, used to collect second surface soil samples and second surface water samples of the same sampling unit at a preset number of days after the application of the de-icing agent; and a microbial activity inhibition index module, used to determine the relative growth impact index based on the seed weight data; The first and second surface soil samples are used to determine the microbial activity inhibition index; the ecotoxicity response index module is used to determine the ecotoxicity response index based on the first surface soil sample, the first surface water sample, the second surface soil sample, and the second surface water sample, including: measuring the first surface soil sample and the first surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the first soil conductivity of the first surface soil sample and the first surface water sample of the first surface soil sample from multiple sampling units; measuring the second surface soil sample and the second surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the second soil conductivity of the second surface soil sample and the second surface water sample of the second surface soil sample from multiple sampling units; detecting the first content information of multiple key heavy metals in the first surface soil sample using a spectrometer; detecting the second content information of multiple key heavy metals in the second surface soil sample using a spectrometer; determining the soil conductivity change index based on the first soil conductivity, the second soil conductivity, the first water conductivity, and the second water conductivity; and using the formula:

[0022]

[0023] Determine the soil conductivity change index of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, Let be the first electrical conductivity of the first surface soil sample in the j-th sampling unit. Let be the second electrical conductivity of the second surface soil sample from the j-th sampling unit. Let be the first conductivity of the surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit. The second electrical conductivity of the second surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit; the heavy metal ecological migration factor is determined based on the first electrical conductivity of the soil, the second electrical conductivity of the soil, the first content information, and the second content information; according to the formula:

[0024]

[0025] Determine the heavy metal ecological migration factor of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, This provides the first content information of the e-th key heavy metal in the first surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit. The second content information of the e-th critical heavy metal in the second surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit, where E is the number of critical heavy metal species, e ≤ E, and both e and E are positive integers; the ecotoxicity response index is determined based on the soil electrical conductivity change index and the heavy metal ecological migration factor, including: according to the formula:

[0026]

[0027] The ecotoxicity response index (ETRI) is determined, where S is the number of sampling units, j ≤ S, and both j and S are positive integers; the ecological impact level module is used to determine the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent based on the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index.

[0028] Technical Effects: According to this invention, the impact of environmentally friendly de-icing agents on the ecological environment is assessed from three aspects: plant seed growth, soil microbial activity, and ecotoxicity of soil and water. This improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the assessment, which is of significant practical importance for protecting the ecological environment and achieving sustainable development. By using quantitative indicators such as the relative growth impact index, microbial activity inhibition index, and ecotoxicity response index, the ecological impact level of environmentally friendly de-icing agents is precisely quantified, providing a basis for selecting de-icing agents with better environmental performance and helping to reduce the negative impact of de-icing agents on the ecological environment. When determining the relative growth impact index, the impact of environmentally friendly de-icing agents on seed growth can be more comprehensively reflected by directly measuring changes in seed weight, especially capturing subtle changes during growth, thus improving assessment accuracy. The gravimetric method has good data stability, reducing the impact of environmental factors and operational errors, and improving the reliability of the relative growth impact index. When determining the microbial activity inhibition index, the changes in microbial activity after de-icing agent application can be directly understood by comparing the ATP content of microorganisms in the first and second surface soil samples. By averaging the microbial activity inhibition index across multiple sampling units, the degree of inhibition of microbial activity can be assessed, improving the representativeness and reliability of the microbial activity inhibition index. When determining the ecotoxicological response index, the heavy metal ecological migration factor reflects the driving force of ions in de-icing agents on heavy metal migration, while the soil electrical conductivity change index reflects the degree of migration and accumulation of ions in de-icing agents from water bodies to soil. By comprehensively considering both the heavy metal ecological migration factor and the soil electrical conductivity change index, the potential toxic effects of de-icing agents on the soil ecosystem can be assessed more comprehensively and accurately, improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the ecotoxicological response index.

[0029] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit the invention. Other features and aspects of the invention will become clearer from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 An exemplary flowchart illustrates a method for assessing the ecological impact of an environmentally friendly de-icing agent according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2An exemplary flowchart illustrating the calculation of the relative growth influence index according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 3 A flowchart for calculating the microbial activity inhibition index according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown as an example;

[0034] Figure 4 A flowchart for calculating the ecotoxicity response index according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown as an example;

[0035] Figure 5 An exemplary flowchart is shown for determining the ecological impact level of an environmentally friendly de-icing agent according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 A block diagram of an environmentally friendly de-icing agent ecological impact assessment system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown as an example. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1An exemplary flowchart illustrates a method for assessing the ecological impact of an environmentally friendly snow-melting agent according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes: Step S1, dividing selected plant seeds to be tested into multiple experimental groups and a control group to conduct a seed growth impact test, wherein the multiple experimental groups are cultured with the same concentration of snow-melting agent solution, and the control group is cultured with tap water; Step S2, after the seed growth impact test, obtaining seed weight data for the experimental groups and the control group; Step S3, determining the relative growth impact index based on the seed weight data; Step S4, dividing a preset ecological area into multiple sampling units, and collecting first surface soil samples and first surface water samples from multiple sampling units before the application of the snow-melting agent; Step S5, collecting second surface soil samples and second surface water samples from the same sampling unit at a preset number of days after the application of the snow-melting agent; Step S6, determining the relative growth impact index based on the first surface soil samples and the second surface soil samples. Step S7: Determine the ecotoxicological response index based on the first surface soil sample, the first surface water sample, the second surface soil sample, and the second surface water sample. This includes: measuring the first surface soil sample and the first surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the first soil conductivity of the first surface soil sample and the first water conductivity of the first surface water sample from multiple sampling units; measuring the second surface soil sample and the second surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the second soil conductivity of the second surface soil sample and the second water conductivity of the second surface water sample from multiple sampling units; detecting the first content information of multiple key heavy metals in the first surface soil sample using a spectrometer; detecting the second content information of multiple key heavy metals in the second surface soil sample using a spectrometer; determining the soil conductivity change index based on the first soil conductivity, the second soil conductivity, the first water conductivity, and the second water conductivity; according to the formula:

[0040]

[0041] Determine the soil conductivity change index of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, Let be the first electrical conductivity of the first surface soil sample in the j-th sampling unit. Let be the second electrical conductivity of the second surface soil sample from the j-th sampling unit. Let be the first conductivity of the surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit. The second electrical conductivity of the second surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit; the heavy metal ecological migration factor is determined based on the first electrical conductivity of the soil, the second electrical conductivity of the soil, the first content information, and the second content information; according to the formula:

[0042]

[0043] Determine the heavy metal ecological migration factor of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, This provides the first content information of the e-th key heavy metal in the first surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit. The second content information of the e-th critical heavy metal in the second surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit, where E is the number of critical heavy metal species, e ≤ E, and both e and E are positive integers; the ecotoxicity response index is determined based on the soil electrical conductivity change index and the heavy metal ecological migration factor, including: according to the formula:

[0044]

[0045] Determine the ecotoxicity response index ETRI, where S is the number of sampling units, j≤S, and j and S are both positive integers; Step S8, determine the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent based on the relative growth influence index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index.

[0046] The ecological impact assessment method for environmentally friendly de-icing agents according to embodiments of the present invention considers the impact of environmentally friendly de-icing agents on the ecological environment from three aspects: plant seed growth, soil microbial activity, and ecotoxicity of soil and water bodies. This improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the assessment and has important practical significance for protecting the ecological environment and achieving sustainable development. By using quantitative indicators such as the relative growth impact index, microbial activity inhibition index, and ecotoxicity response index, the ecological impact level of environmentally friendly de-icing agents is precisely quantified, providing a basis for selecting de-icing agents with better environmental performance and helping to reduce the negative impact of de-icing agents on the ecological environment.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the selected plant seeds are uniform, plump Kentucky bluegrass seeds or other plant seeds suitable for growth assessment. The plant seeds are divided into multiple experimental groups and one control group according to a scientifically sound grouping principle, with each group having the same initial weight (e.g., 100 uniform, plump Kentucky bluegrass seeds) to reduce interference with the experimental results due to differences in the individual plant seeds. The seed growth effect test is conducted as follows: all plant seeds are soaked in hydrogen peroxide solution for 2 minutes, rinsed with water, and then soaked in water at 40℃±1℃ for approximately 20 minutes. The soaked plant seeds are then removed, drained, and evenly spread in multiple germination boxes lined with qualitative filter paper and absorbent cotton. The germination boxes were divided into multiple experimental groups and one control group. In the experimental groups, the seeds, qualitative filter paper, and absorbent cotton in the germination boxes were moistened with different concentrations of de-icing agent solution, ensuring the seeds were not soaked in the de-icing agent solution. In the control group, the seeds, qualitative filter paper, and absorbent cotton in the germination boxes were moistened with tap water, again ensuring the seeds were not soaked in tap water. The germination boxes were then covered and placed in a constant temperature incubator at 24℃±1℃, keeping the seeds and qualitative filter paper moist. Water was added as needed when the seeds dried out.

[0048] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, 12 days after the seed growth effect experiment, the seeds of the plants to be tested are taken out and weighed, and the seed weight data of each group of plants to be tested in the control group and the experimental group are recorded. During the weighing process, the seeds of the plants to be tested need to be dried under the same environmental conditions to reduce the influence of moisture on the experimental results.

[0049] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the relative growth influence index is determined based on the seed weight data.

[0050] Figure 2 An exemplary flowchart illustrating the calculation of the relative growth influence index according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes: step S31, determining the number of experimental groups; step S32, determining the relative growth influence index based on the number of experimental groups and the seed weight data.

[0052] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the de-icing agent solution has an inhibitory effect on seed growth. By recording the number of experimental groups and comparing the growth of the tested plant seeds in the experimental groups with that in the control group, a relative growth influence index can be determined, which is used to quantify the degree of influence of the de-icing agent solution on the growth of the tested plant seeds.

[0053] According to one embodiment of the present invention, determining the relative growth influence index based on the number of experimental groups and the seed weight data includes: determining the relative growth influence index RGII according to formula (1).

[0054] (1),

[0055] in, The seed weight data for the i-th experimental group. The seed weight data represents the control group, N represents the number of experimental groups, i ≤ N, and both i and N are positive integers.

[0056] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in formula (1), The relative difference between the seed weight data of the i-th experimental group and the seed weight data of the control group is the relative growth influence rate of the tested plant seeds in the i-th experimental group. That is, the greater the inhibitory effect of the de-icing agent solution on the growth of the tested plant seeds is. The relative growth influence index can be obtained by averaging the relative growth influence rates of the tested plant seeds in multiple experimental groups. The greater the relative growth influence index, the greater the influence of the de-icing agent solution on the growth of the tested plant seeds is.

[0057] This method allows for a more comprehensive reflection of the impact of environmentally friendly de-icing agents on seed growth by directly measuring changes in seed weight, particularly in capturing minute changes during growth, thus improving assessment accuracy. The gravimetric method offers good data stability, reducing the impact of environmental factors and operational errors, and enhancing the reliability of the relative growth influence index.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, snow can be generated first in a preset ecological area, wherein the preset ecological area (90m) 2This refers to the area where the target environmentally friendly snow-melting agent is applied, such as highway slopes and urban roadside tree pits. Multiple sampling units are defined, each with a fixed area of ​​3m × 3m. Before applying the snow-melting agent (the same one used in the seed growth impact test), representative sampling points are selected within each sampling unit. Surface debris, such as dead branches, fallen leaves, and stones, is removed from the sampling points. Using prepared sampling tools, topsoil samples (e.g., 0-20cm) are collected. Soil samples from all sampling points within the unit are mixed thoroughly in a polyethylene bag to form a mixed soil sample for that unit, i.e., the first topsoil sample, with a total weight of 200g. If surface water (e.g., melted snow pools or runoff streams) exists within the sampling unit, a 50mL water sample is collected directly from near the center of the unit using an acrylic water sampler and placed in a polyethylene bottle. If there is no visible surface water in the sampling unit, dig a temporary pit with a diameter of about 20cm and a depth of 20cm at the center of the unit. After the groundwater seeps out or the snowmelt water collects (the waiting time shall not exceed 2 hours), collect the first surface water sample using the above method.

[0059] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, after a preset number of days following the uniform application of the snow-melting agent to the preset ecological area, such as when the snow melt is completed, after the first rainfall, or at a fixed time interval (e.g., 7 days, 10 days), in order to study the timeliness of the effect, the operation of collecting the first surface soil sample and the first surface water sample is repeated within the same sampling unit to obtain the second surface soil sample and the second surface water sample.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S6, a microbial activity inhibition index is determined based on the first surface soil sample and the second surface soil sample.

[0061] Figure 3 A flowchart for calculating the microbial activity inhibition index according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown as an example.

[0062] According to an embodiment of the present invention, step S6 includes: step S61, measuring the ATP content of the first surface soil sample to obtain the first ATP content of microorganisms in a unit mass of the first surface soil sample of multiple sampling units; step S62, measuring the ATP content of the second surface soil sample to obtain the second ATP content of microorganisms in a unit mass of the second surface soil sample of multiple sampling units; step S63, determining the microbial activity inhibition index based on the first ATP content and the second ATP content.

[0063] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ATP content of microorganisms is closely related to their activity. ATP is a direct energy source within cells, and microorganisms with higher activity have higher ATP content. The topsoil can be a soil layer relatively unaffected by specific factors (e.g., de-icing agents), and its microbial ATP content reflects the activity level of the microorganisms in that sampling unit. First, ATP is extracted from a first topsoil sample. Then, using a luciferase-luciferin bioluminescence method, the ATP content of the first topsoil sample is determined using a fluorometer, obtaining the first ATP content of microorganisms per unit mass of the first topsoil sample from multiple sampling units. Similarly, the second ATP content of microorganisms per unit mass of the second topsoil sample from multiple sampling units is obtained. By comparing the first and second ATP contents, a microbial activity inhibition index is determined, reflecting the degree of inhibition of microbial activity.

[0064] According to one embodiment of the present invention, determining the microbial activity inhibition index based on the first ATP content and the second ATP content includes: determining the microbial activity inhibition index MAII according to formula (2).

[0065] (2),

[0066] in, The first ATP content of microorganisms in the first surface soil sample per unit mass of the j-th sampling unit. Let S be the second ATP content of microorganisms in a unit mass of the second surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit, and let S be the number of sampling units, where j ≤ S and both j and S are positive integers.

[0067] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in formula (2), The ratio of the second ATP content of microorganisms in a unit mass of the second surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit to the first ATP content of microorganisms in a unit mass of the first surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit is given. The smaller the ratio, the lower the ATP content of microorganisms in the second surface soil, that is, the more severe the inhibition of microbial activity after the application of snow melting agent. The result is obtained by subtracting the above ratio from 1. The larger the result, the more severe the inhibition of microbial activity. The average of the results from multiple sampling units is used to obtain the microbial activity inhibition index. The larger the microbial activity inhibition index, the more severe the inhibition of microbial activity.

[0068] In this way, by comparing the ATP content of microorganisms in the first and second topsoil samples, the changes in microbial activity after the application of snow-melting agents can be directly understood. By averaging the microbial activity inhibition index across multiple sampling units, the degree of inhibition of microbial activity can be assessed, thus improving the representativeness and reliability of the microbial activity inhibition index.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S7, an ecotoxicity response index is determined based on the first surface soil sample, the first surface water sample, the second surface soil sample, and the second surface water sample.

[0070] Figure 4 A flowchart for calculating the ecotoxicity response index according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown as an example.

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present invention, step S7 includes: step S71, measuring the first surface soil sample and the first surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the first soil conductivity of the first surface soil sample and the first water conductivity of the first surface water sample from multiple sampling units; step S72, measuring the second surface soil sample and the second surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the second soil conductivity of the second surface soil sample and the second water conductivity of the second surface water sample from multiple sampling units; step S73, detecting multiple key heavy metals in the first surface soil sample using a spectrometer. Step S74: Detect the second content information of multiple key heavy metals in the second surface soil sample using a spectrometer; Step S75: Determine the soil conductivity change index based on the soil first conductivity, the soil second conductivity, the water body first conductivity, and the water body second conductivity; Step S76: Determine the heavy metal ecological migration factor based on the soil first conductivity, the soil second conductivity, the first content information, and the second content information; Step S77: Determine the ecotoxicity response index based on the soil conductivity change index and the heavy metal ecological migration factor.

[0072] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a conductivity meter is used to measure the first surface soil sample, the first surface water sample, the second surface soil sample, and the second surface water sample collected in each sampling unit, thereby obtaining the first conductivity of the soil, the first conductivity of the water, the second conductivity of the soil, and the second conductivity of the water. A spectrometer can determine the content of multiple key heavy metals in the sample by analyzing the absorption, reflection, or emission characteristics of the sample to different wavelengths of light. The spectrometer is used to detect multiple key heavy metals (e.g., lead, cadmium, chromium, etc.) in the first and second surface soil samples to obtain their content information, namely, first content information and second content information.

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present invention, based on the formula:

[0074]

[0075] Determine the soil conductivity change index of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, Let be the first electrical conductivity of the first surface soil sample in the j-th sampling unit. Let be the second electrical conductivity of the second surface soil sample from the j-th sampling unit. Let be the first conductivity of the surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit. Let be the second conductivity of the surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit. The change in soil electrical conductivity from before to after application is due to the accumulation of soluble ions (e.g., chloride ions, formate, acetate, etc.) in the de-icing agent after they enter the soil. The change in water conductivity from before to after application reflects the change in ion concentration in the water after the application of the de-icing agent, and represents the de-icing agent intensity in the environment of the sampling unit. The soil conductivity change index is calculated as the ratio of the change in soil conductivity before and after application to the change in water conductivity. This index represents the magnitude of the change in soil conductivity caused by a unit change in water conductivity. An index greater than 1 indicates that the increase in soil conductivity is much greater than the increase in water conductivity, suggesting a strong adsorption capacity of the soil for de-icing agent ions (e.g., clay minerals adsorb potassium and calcium ions). This leads to the large retention and accumulation of ions in the soil, rather than their migration with water. Long-term use of such de-icing agents will result in the continuous enrichment of ions in the soil, causing severe salinization pressure and posing a sustained threat to plant roots and soil microbial communities. An index less than 1 indicates that the change in soil conductivity is small, while the change in water conductivity is drastic. This suggests that the retention capacity of de-icing agent ions in the soil is weak, and they easily migrate laterally with surface runoff, resulting in a lower soil ecological risk. The soil conductivity change index equals 1, meaning that the changes in soil and water conductivity are essentially synchronized. Ions have reached a dynamic equilibrium between the soil and water phases; they are neither largely adsorbed and fixed by soil colloids nor rapidly leached away due to the soil's high permeability. This indicates that the environmental impact is immediate and reversible. Once the source of the de-icing agent is cut off (e.g., snow completely melts and application ceases), the ion concentration in the soil will decrease synchronously with rainfall or snowmelt erosion and dilution, and the environment can easily recover on its own. The soil conductivity change index reflects the degree of change in soil and water conductivity after the application of de-icing agents. It is used to assess the efficiency and extent of ion migration and accumulation from water to soil in de-icing agents. The higher the soil conductivity change index, the greater the degree of migration and accumulation of ions from water to soil in de-icing agents, i.e., the higher the soil ecological risk.

[0076] According to an embodiment of the present invention, based on the formula:

[0077]

[0078] Determine the heavy metal ecological migration factor of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, Let be the first electrical conductivity of the first surface soil sample in the j-th sampling unit. Let be the second electrical conductivity of the second surface soil sample from the j-th sampling unit. This provides the first content information of the e-th key heavy metal in the first surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit. This represents the second content information of the e-th critical heavy metal in the second surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit, where E is the number of critical heavy metal species, e ≤ E, and both e and E are positive integers. This represents the net increase in the content of various key heavy metals in the soil after the application of de-icing agents, indicating the new heavy metal pollution caused by the application of de-icing agents. This represents the change in soil electrical conductivity from before to after application, i.e., the net increase in de-icing agent ions in the soil after the application of the de-icing agent, since the change in soil electrical conductivity is mainly caused by de-icing agent ions. The heavy metal ecological migration factor (HMF) is calculated by dividing the net increase in the content of various key heavy metals in the soil after the application of de-icing agents by the net increase in the amount of de-icing agent ions in the soil after the application of de-icing agents. This HMF represents the change in heavy metal content driven by a unit change in soil electrical conductivity. Ions in de-icing agents (e.g., Cl-) have the ability to activate, complex, and migrate inherent heavy metals in the soil. A higher HMF indicates that even with only a slight increase in soil electrical conductivity (small input of de-icing agent ions), a significant increase in heavy metal content occurs. This suggests that the de-icing agent (e.g., chloride-containing salts) can effectively activate and release inherent heavy metals adsorbed on soil particles into the soil solution through mechanisms such as ion exchange and complexation, thus significantly increasing their biotoxicity. Conversely, a lower HMF indicates that even with a large accumulation of de-icing agent ions in the soil (large changes in soil electrical conductivity), the change in heavy metal content is small. This suggests that the de-icing agent has a weak activation ability for heavy metals in the soil, reducing heavy metal migration and toxicity. By analyzing the relationship between changes in soil electrical conductivity and changes in heavy metal content, and combining the migration patterns and ecological effects of heavy metals in soil, a heavy metal ecological migration factor was derived, which can reflect the driving force of snow melting agents on heavy metal migration.

[0079] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ecotoxicity response index is determined based on the soil electrical conductivity change index and the heavy metal ecological migration factor, including: determining the ecotoxicity response index ETRI according to formula (3).

[0080] (3),

[0081] in, Let j be the heavy metal ecological migration factor of the j-th sampling unit. Let be the soil conductivity change index of the j-th sampling unit, S be the number of sampling units, j ≤ S, and j and S are both positive integers.

[0082] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in formula (3), To calculate the average soil electrical conductivity change index of multiple sampling units, i.e., the average soil electrical conductivity change index, the larger the average soil electrical conductivity change index, the greater the degree of migration and accumulation of ions from the de-icing agent from the water body into the soil, and the higher the soil ecological risk. To average the heavy metal ecological migration factors across multiple sampling units, i.e., the average heavy metal ecological migration factor, a higher average heavy metal ecological migration factor indicates a stronger driving force of heavy metal migration by ions in the snow-melting agent, and thus greater soil biotoxicity. In ecosystems, the toxic effect is often not linear; rather, the rate of increase in toxicity slows down with increasing concentration (following a logarithmic growth pattern). Therefore, the ln function is used, i.e., ... This biological response relationship can be simulated. and Multiplication can represent the ecotoxicity response index. The higher the ecotoxicity response index, the greater the potential toxic impact of the snow melting agent on the soil ecosystem and the higher the cumulative toxicity risk of the soil.

[0083] In this way, the driving force of heavy metal migration by ions in de-icing agents can be reflected by the heavy metal ecological migration factor, and the soil electrical conductivity change index can reflect the degree of migration and accumulation of ions in de-icing agents from water bodies to soil. By comprehensively considering the heavy metal ecological migration factor and the soil electrical conductivity change index, the potential toxic effects of de-icing agents on soil ecosystems can be assessed more comprehensively and accurately, thus improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the ecotoxicity response index.

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S8, the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined based on the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index.

[0085] Figure 5 An exemplary flowchart is shown for determining the ecological impact level of an environmentally friendly de-icing agent according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] According to an embodiment of the present invention, step S8 includes: step S81, summing the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index to determine an ecological impact score; step S82, if the ecological impact score is greater than or equal to a first preset ecological impact score, then the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be level 3; step S83, if the ecological impact score is less than the first preset ecological impact score, and the ecological impact score is greater than or equal to a second preset ecological impact score, then the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be level 2; step S84, if the ecological impact score is less than the second preset ecological impact score, then the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be level 1.

[0087] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index are summed to determine the ecological impact score. If the ecological impact score is greater than or equal to a first preset ecological impact score (e.g., 2), the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be Level 3, indicating that the snow melting agent has a serious impact on the biological community and cannot be used. If the ecological impact score is less than the first preset ecological impact score and the ecological impact score is greater than or equal to a second preset ecological impact score (e.g., 1), the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be Level 2, indicating that the snow melting agent has a certain impact on the ecological environment and excessive dosage should not be used. If the ecological impact score is less than the second preset ecological impact score, the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be Level 1, indicating that the snow melting agent has a relatively small impact on the ecological environment and can continue to be used.

[0088] The ecological impact assessment method for environmentally friendly de-icing agents according to embodiments of the present invention considers the impact of environmentally friendly de-icing agents on the ecological environment from three aspects: plant seed growth, soil microbial activity, and ecotoxicity of soil and water bodies. This improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the assessment and has important practical significance for protecting the ecological environment and achieving sustainable development. By using quantitative indicators such as the relative growth impact index, microbial activity inhibition index, and ecotoxicity response index, the ecological impact level of environmentally friendly de-icing agents is precisely quantified, providing a basis for selecting de-icing agents with better environmental performance and helping to reduce the negative impact of de-icing agents on the ecological environment. When determining the relative growth impact index, the impact of environmentally friendly de-icing agents on seed growth can be more comprehensively reflected by directly measuring changes in seed weight, especially by capturing subtle changes during growth, thus improving the assessment accuracy. The gravimetric method has good data stability and can reduce the reliability of the relative growth impact index due to environmental factors and operational errors. When determining the microbial activity inhibition index, the changes in microbial activity after de-icing agent application can be directly understood by comparing the ATP content of microorganisms in the first and second surface soil samples. By averaging the microbial activity inhibition index across multiple sampling units, the degree of inhibition of microbial activity can be assessed, improving the representativeness and reliability of the microbial activity inhibition index. When determining the ecotoxicological response index, the heavy metal ecological migration factor reflects the driving force of ions in de-icing agents on heavy metal migration, while the soil electrical conductivity change index reflects the degree of migration and accumulation of ions in de-icing agents from water bodies to soil. By comprehensively considering both the heavy metal ecological migration factor and the soil electrical conductivity change index, the potential toxic effects of de-icing agents on the soil ecosystem can be assessed more comprehensively and accurately, improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the ecotoxicological response index.

[0089] Figure 6An exemplary block diagram of an environmentally friendly de-icing agent ecological impact assessment system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The system includes: a seed growth impact test module, used to divide selected plant seeds to be tested into multiple experimental groups and a control group to conduct a seed growth impact test, wherein the multiple experimental groups are cultured with the same concentration of de-icing agent solution, and the control group is cultured with tap water; a seed weight data module, used to acquire seed weight data of the experimental groups and the control group after the seed growth impact test; a relative growth impact index module, used to determine the relative growth impact index based on the seed weight data; a first surface soil sample and a first surface water sample module, used to divide multiple sampling units in a preset ecological area and collect first surface soil samples and first surface water samples from multiple sampling units before the application of the de-icing agent; a second surface soil sample and a second surface water sample module, used to collect second surface soil samples and second surface water samples from the same sampling unit at a preset number of days after the application of the de-icing agent; and a microbial activity inhibition index module, used for... The system determines a microbial activity inhibition index based on the first and second surface soil samples. The ecotoxicity response index module is used to determine an ecotoxicity response index based on the first surface soil sample, the first surface water sample, the second surface soil sample, and the second surface water sample. This includes: measuring the first surface soil sample and the first surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the first soil conductivity of the first surface soil sample and the first surface water sample from multiple sampling units; measuring the second surface soil sample and the second surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the second soil conductivity of the second surface soil sample and the second surface water sample from multiple sampling units; detecting the first content information of multiple key heavy metals in the first surface soil sample using a spectrometer; detecting the second content information of multiple key heavy metals in the second surface soil sample using a spectrometer; determining a soil conductivity change index based on the first soil conductivity, the second soil conductivity, the first water conductivity, and the second water conductivity; and using the formula:

[0090]

[0091] Determine the soil conductivity change index of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, Let be the first electrical conductivity of the first surface soil sample in the j-th sampling unit. Let be the second electrical conductivity of the second surface soil sample from the j-th sampling unit. Let be the first conductivity of the surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit. The second electrical conductivity of the second surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit; the heavy metal ecological migration factor is determined based on the first electrical conductivity of the soil, the second electrical conductivity of the soil, the first content information, and the second content information; according to the formula:

[0092]

[0093] Determine the heavy metal ecological migration factor of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, This provides the first content information of the e-th key heavy metal in the first surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit. The second content information of the e-th critical heavy metal in the second surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit, where E is the number of critical heavy metal species, e ≤ E, and both e and E are positive integers; the ecotoxicity response index is determined based on the soil electrical conductivity change index and the heavy metal ecological migration factor, including: according to the formula:

[0094]

[0095] The ecotoxicity response index (ETRI) is determined, where S is the number of sampling units, j ≤ S, and both j and S are positive integers; the ecological impact level module is used to determine the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent based on the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index.

[0096] This invention can be a method, apparatus, system, and / or computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions loaded thereon for performing various aspects of the invention.

[0097] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention described above and shown in the accompanying drawings are merely examples and do not limit the present invention. The objectives of the present invention have been fully and effectively achieved. The functions and structural principles of the present invention have been demonstrated and explained in the embodiments, and any variations or modifications may be made to the implementation of the present invention without departing from the stated principles.

Claims

1. An ecological impact assessment method for an environmentally friendly de-icing agent, characterized in that, include: Selected plant seeds were divided into multiple experimental groups and a control group for a seed growth impact experiment. The experimental groups were cultured with the same concentration of de-icing agent solution, while the control group was cultured with tap water. After the seed growth impact experiment, seed weight data for both groups were obtained. A relative growth impact index was determined based on the seed weight data. Multiple sampling units were divided within a pre-defined ecological area. Before de-icing agent application, first surface soil and surface water samples were collected from these units. At a pre-defined number of days after de-icing agent application, second surface soil and surface water samples were collected from the same units. A microbial activity inhibition index was determined based on the first and second surface soil samples. The results were then used to further investigate the effects of the first surface soil sample, the first surface water sample, and the... The second surface soil sample and the second surface water sample are used to determine the ecotoxicity response index, including: measuring the first surface soil sample and the first surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the first soil conductivity of the first surface soil sample and the first water conductivity of the first surface water sample from multiple sampling units; measuring the second surface soil sample and the second surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the second soil conductivity of the second surface soil sample and the second water conductivity of the second surface water sample from multiple sampling units; detecting the first content information of multiple key heavy metals in the first surface soil sample using a spectrometer; detecting the second content information of multiple key heavy metals in the second surface soil sample using a spectrometer; determining the soil conductivity change index based on the first soil conductivity, the second soil conductivity, the first water conductivity, and the second water conductivity; and determining the soil conductivity change index based on the formula. Determine the soil electrical conductivity change index of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, Let be the first electrical conductivity of the first surface soil sample in the j-th sampling unit. Let be the second electrical conductivity of the second surface soil sample from the j-th sampling unit. Let be the first conductivity of the surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit. The second electrical conductivity of the second surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit; the heavy metal ecological migration factor is determined based on the first electrical conductivity of the soil, the second electrical conductivity of the soil, the first content information, and the second content information; according to the formula... Determine the heavy metal ecological migration factor of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, This provides the first content information of the e-th key heavy metal in the first surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit. The second content information of the e-th critical heavy metal in the second surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit, where E is the number of critical heavy metal species, e ≤ E, and both e and E are positive integers; the ecotoxicity response index is determined based on the soil electrical conductivity change index and the heavy metal ecological migration factor, including: according to the formula: The ecotoxicity response index (ETRI) is determined, where S is the number of sampling units, j ≤ S, and both j and S are positive integers; the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined based on the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index. Based on the seed weight data, the relative growth impact index is determined, including: determining the number of experimental groups; and determining the relative growth impact index based on the number of experimental groups and the seed weight data. Based on the number of experimental groups and the seed weight data, the relative growth influence index was determined, including: according to the formula: The relative growth influence index RGII was determined, where, The seed weight data for the i-th experimental group. The seed weight data represents the control group, N represents the number of experimental groups, i ≤ N, and both i and N are positive integers.

2. The method for assessing the ecological impact of the environmentally friendly de-icing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial activity inhibition index is determined based on the first and second surface soil samples, including: measuring the ATP content of the first surface soil sample to obtain the first ATP content of microorganisms in a unit mass of the first surface soil sample from multiple sampling units; measuring the ATP content of the second surface soil sample to obtain the second ATP content of microorganisms in a unit mass of the second surface soil sample from multiple sampling units; and determining the microbial activity inhibition index based on the first and second ATP contents.

3. The method for assessing the ecological impact of the environmentally friendly de-icing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that, The microbial activity inhibition index is determined based on the first ATP content and the second ATP content, including: according to the formula: The microbial activity inhibition index MAII was determined, in which, The first ATP content of microorganisms in the first surface soil sample per unit mass of the j-th sampling unit. Let S be the second ATP content of microorganisms in a unit mass of the second surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit, and let S be the number of sampling units, where j ≤ S and both j and S are positive integers.

4. The method for assessing the ecological impact of the environmentally friendly de-icing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined based on the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index, including: summing the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index to determine an ecological impact score; if the ecological impact score is greater than or equal to a first preset ecological impact score, the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be level 3; if the ecological impact score is less than the first preset ecological impact score and the ecological impact score is greater than or equal to a second preset ecological impact score, the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be level 2; if the ecological impact score is less than the second preset ecological impact score, the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent is determined to be level 1.

5. An ecological impact assessment system for an environmentally friendly de-icing agent, used to perform the ecological impact assessment method for an environmentally friendly de-icing agent as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, include: The seed growth impact test module is used to divide the selected plant seeds into multiple experimental groups and one control group to conduct a seed growth impact test. The experimental groups are cultured with the same concentration of de-icing agent solution, while the control group is cultured with tap water. The seed weight data module is used to acquire seed weight data for the experimental and control groups after the seed growth impact test. The relative growth impact index module is used to determine the relative growth impact index based on the seed weight data. The first surface soil sample and first surface water sample module is used to divide a preset ecological area into multiple sampling units and collect first surface soil and first surface water samples from multiple sampling units before de-icing agent application. The second surface soil sample and second surface water sample module is used to collect second surface soil and second surface water samples from the same sampling unit at preset numbers of days after de-icing agent application. The microbial activity inhibition index module is used to determine the relative growth impact index based on the first surface soil sample and the second surface water sample. Soil samples are used to determine the microbial activity inhibition index; an ecotoxicity response index module is used to determine the ecotoxicity response index based on the first surface soil sample, the first surface water sample, the second surface soil sample, and the second surface water sample, including: measuring the first surface soil sample and the first surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the first soil conductivity of the first surface soil sample and the first surface water sample from multiple sampling units; measuring the second surface soil sample and the second surface water sample using a conductivity meter to obtain the second soil conductivity of the second surface soil sample and the second surface water sample from multiple sampling units; detecting the first content information of multiple key heavy metals in the first surface soil sample using a spectrometer; detecting the second content information of multiple key heavy metals in the second surface soil sample using a spectrometer; determining the soil conductivity change index based on the first soil conductivity, the second soil conductivity, the first water conductivity, and the second water conductivity; and determining the soil conductivity change index based on the formula. Determine the soil electrical conductivity change index of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, Let be the first electrical conductivity of the first surface soil sample in the j-th sampling unit. Let be the second electrical conductivity of the second surface soil sample from the j-th sampling unit. Let be the first conductivity of the surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit. The second electrical conductivity of the second surface water sample in the j-th sampling unit; the heavy metal ecological migration factor is determined based on the first electrical conductivity of the soil, the second electrical conductivity of the soil, the first content information, and the second content information; according to the formula... Determine the heavy metal ecological migration factor of the j-th sampling unit. ,in, This provides the first content information of the e-th key heavy metal in the first surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit. The second content information of the e-th critical heavy metal in the second surface soil sample of the j-th sampling unit, where E is the number of critical heavy metal species, e ≤ E, and both e and E are positive integers; the ecotoxicity response index is determined based on the soil electrical conductivity change index and the heavy metal ecological migration factor, including: according to the formula: The ecotoxicity response index (ETRI) is determined, where S is the number of sampling units, j ≤ S, and both j and S are positive integers; the ecological impact level module is used to determine the ecological impact level of the environmentally friendly snow melting agent based on the relative growth impact index, the microbial activity inhibition index, and the ecotoxicity response index.

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