Air-cooled cathode open type fuel cell system and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an air-cooled cathode open type fuel cell system and a working method thereof, a condensation dehumidifier is integrated in an electric pile of the air-cooled cathode open type fuel cell system, an ultrasonic atomizer is arranged in a fan, and the fan and a condensation heat exchanger are oppositely arranged on two sides of the electric pile; a hydrogen source is connected with a condensation heat exchanger, a hydrogen outlet of the condensation heat exchanger is connected with a vortex tube, a cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected with a condensation dehumidifier inlet of a galvanic pile, and a condensation dehumidifier outlet of the galvanic pile and a hot end outlet of the vortex tube are connected together through a pipeline and then jointly connected with an anode inlet of the galvanic pile; a liquid water outlet of the condensing heat exchanger is connected with a liquid water collector; the anode outlet of the galvanic pile is also connected with the liquid water collector, and the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector is connected with the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan. By forming a closed-loop system of'condensate water recovery-atomization-humidification ', the humidity of the cathode of the galvanic pile is regulated and controlled, a traditional complex external humidification device is replaced, and energy conservation and consumption reduction can be remarkably achieved while the humidification efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cell, in particular to a wind-cooled cathode open fuel cell system and a working method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The wind-cooled cathode open fuel cell adopts a cathode open design, and air is pushed by a fan to complete the functions of cooling and oxygen supply, without the need for an additional cooling liquid circulation system and an air compressor auxiliary device, thereby significantly reducing system cost and energy consumption, and being widely used in portable devices due to simple structure and light weight.

[0003] The wind-cooled cathode open fuel cell in the prior art generally does not have a humidification function, and it is difficult to ensure that the stack operates at an optimal humidity, and the stack operating efficiency is low. If cathode humidification is to be achieved, a humidifying device is generally arranged externally, and the humidifying device has a complex structure and low humidification efficiency. In addition, the stack of the current wind-cooled cathode open fuel cell discharges water generated in the stack due to reaction by a pulse drainage method to prevent flooding, but this method wastes hydrogen.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to design a wind-cooled cathode open fuel cell system and a working method thereof to solve the problems in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a wind-cooled cathode open fuel cell system and a working method thereof, which aims to optimize the structure of the wind-cooled cathode open fuel cell system to humidify the cathode without increasing a complex external structure.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A wind-cooled cathode open fuel cell system, comprising a stack, a hydrogen source, a condensation heat exchanger, a vortex tube, a liquid water collector and a fan, wherein the stack is integrated with a condensation dehumidifier, the condensation dehumidifier is used to liquefy water vapor generated in the stack due to reaction, the fan is provided with an ultrasonic atomizer, the fan is arranged on one side of the stack, the condensation heat exchanger is arranged on the other side of the stack, and the fan and the condensation heat exchanger are oppositely arranged; The hydrogen source is connected to a liquid hydrogen inlet of the condensation heat exchanger, a hydrogen gas outlet of the condensation heat exchanger is connected to an inlet of the vortex tube, a cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to an inlet of the condensation dehumidifier of the stack, and an outlet of the condensation dehumidifier of the stack and a hot end outlet of the vortex tube are first connected together by a pipeline and then jointly connected to an anode inlet of the stack; The liquid water outlet of the condensing heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector; the anode outlet of the stack is also connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector, and the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector is connected to the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan, and a water pump is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector and the fan.

[0007] Preferably, the stack comprises end plates, insulation plates, current collector plates and single cells, and the stack is sequentially assembled in the order of an end plate, an insulation plate, a current collector plate, a plurality of single cells, a current collector plate, an insulation plate and an end plate, and the single cell is composed of a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode; an anode inlet and an anode outlet are arranged on one end plate of the stack.

[0008] Preferably, the stack is integrated with a condensing dehumidifier, and the condensing dehumidifier is composed of heat exchange grooves and flow guide grooves; a plurality of heat exchange grooves are arrayed at the lower part of the bipolar plate, and the heat exchange grooves are close to the anode outlet of the bipolar plate; the flow guide grooves are arranged at the lower part of the insulation plate and the current collector plate respectively, and the heat exchange grooves are in communication with the flow guide grooves; an inlet and an outlet of the condensing dehumidifier are arranged on the two end plates respectively, and the inlet and the outlet are in communication with the adjacent flow guide grooves respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the condensing heat exchanger is in a plate structure, and a plurality of independent flow channels are arranged inside the condensing heat exchanger from top to bottom; the flow channels are in a hollow state between each other for air flow; a liquid hydrogen inlet of the condensing heat exchanger is arranged below one side of the condensing heat exchanger, and a hydrogen gas outlet of the condensing heat exchanger is arranged above the other side of the condensing heat exchanger; liquid hydrogen from a hydrogen source enters through the liquid hydrogen inlet of the condensing heat exchanger, flows along the internal flow channels of the condensing heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the external hot air in the flow channels, and then vaporizes into hydrogen gas which flows out through the hydrogen gas outlet of the condensing heat exchanger.

[0010] Preferably, a water guide groove is further arranged at the lower part of the condensing heat exchanger; after the water vapor in the hot gas exchanges heat with the liquid hydrogen in the flow channels outside the condensing heat exchanger and liquefies into liquid water, the liquid water flows downward along the outer surface of the flow channels into the water guide groove under the action of gravity; a liquid water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the water guide groove, and the collected liquid water flows out through the liquid water outlet.

[0011] Preferably, a filter is further arranged on the connecting pipeline between the liquid water outlet of the condensing heat exchanger and the liquid water collector, for filtering impurities in the liquid water.

[0012] Preferably, a safety valve is arranged at the outlet of the hydrogen source.

[0013] Preferably, a drain valve is further arranged on the connecting pipeline between the anode outlet of the stack and the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector, for periodically draining excess water in the stack.

[0014] The application also provides a working method of the air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system. After the air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system is stably operated, the liquid hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source enters the condensing heat exchanger through the liquid hydrogen inlet, flows along the internal flow channel of the condensing heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the hot gas blown by the fan in the flow channel, and then flows out of the condensing heat exchanger through the hydrogen gas outlet. The cold flow part of the hydrogen gas in the vortex tube flows out of the cold end outlet, enters the flow guide groove of the condensing dehumidifier through the condensing dehumidifier inlet of the electric pile, flows along the heat exchange grooves, enters the flow guide groove on the other side, and then flows out of the condensing dehumidifier outlet. The hot flow part of the hydrogen gas in the vortex tube flows out of the hot end outlet, mixes with the hydrogen gas flowing out of the condensing dehumidifier outlet, and then enters the electric pile through the anode inlet of the electric pile to participate in the reaction. The fan continuously blows air to the cathode of the electric pile to supply oxygen, and at the same time, the fan blows away the heat in the electric pile. The liquid water in the liquid water collector is atomized by the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan under the action of the water pump to realize the humidification of the cathode gas.

[0015] Preferably, the working method further comprises periodically opening the drain valve to drain the condensed liquid water from the anode outlet of the electric pile into the liquid water collector. Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects: (1) By arranging the condensing heat exchanger, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bottle is introduced into the condensing heat exchanger as a cold source, and the high-temperature and high-humidity air generated by the electric pile is used as a heat source to realize the coupling of liquid hydrogen evaporation and electric pile heat dissipation.

[0016] (2) By setting a condensing dehumidifier in the stack, using the low-temperature hydrogen in the condensing dehumidifier as a cold source, condensing the water vapor in the stack into liquid water and gathering it at the anode outlet of the stack, and by periodically opening the drain valve, the condensed liquid water is discharged from the anode outlet into the liquid collector under the action of the pressure difference between the anode of the stack and the external environment. Compared with the conventional air-cooled cathode open fuel cell, which discharges water by hydrogen purging, the above-mentioned setting greatly reduces the waste of hydrogen, because by setting the condensing dehumidifier, the liquid water is gathered at the anode outlet of the stack, and only needs to be briefly opened to discharge the liquid water under the action of the pressure difference, avoiding the discharge of a large amount of hydrogen from the stack due to water discharge.

[0017] (3) By setting a liquid water collector, on the one hand, to collect the liquid water condensed from the high-humidity gas of the condensing heat exchanger, and on the other hand, to collect the liquid water condensed at the anode outlet of the stack, and using these as the water source of the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan to humidify the cathode gas entering the stack, a closed-loop system of "condensed water recovery-atomization-humidification" is formed. This technology can control the humidity of the cathode of the stack, replace the traditional complex external humidification device, and improve the humidification efficiency.

[0018] (4) The hydrogen after heat exchange by the condensing heat exchanger is recovered for pressure energy by a vortex tube, and the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to the condensing dehumidifier to continue to serve as the cold source of the condensing dehumidifier, and the hydrogen pressure energy is recovered efficiently. In addition, the hydrogen at the outlet of the condensing dehumidifier is mixed with the hydrogen at the hot end of the vortex tube, which is heated to a suitable temperature through an endothermic process and then enters the stack. This technology avoids the thermal shock caused by the direct entry of supercooled hydrogen into the stack, ensures the durability of the stack, and solves the problem of affecting the service life of the stack due to unstable hydrogen temperature.

[0019] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the description that follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or can be learned by practice of the application. The objects and other advantages of the application can be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system of the embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the stack, the fan and the condensing heat exchanger installed together is shown; Figure 3 An exploded view of the stack, fan, and condensing heat exchanger is shown in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 An exploded view of the stack is shown in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 A structural diagram of the bipolar plate is shown in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 A structural diagram of the condensing heat exchanger is shown in the embodiment of the present application, Fig. a is a front view thereof, and Fig. b is a side view thereof.

[0022] In the figure: 1, stack; 2, condensing heat exchanger; 3, safety valve; 4, hydrogen source; 5, fan; 6, vortex tube; 7, drain valve; 8, filter; 9, liquid water collector; 10, water pump; 11, wind resistance plate. 1-1, end plate; 1-1-1, anode inlet; 1-1-2, anode outlet; 1-2, insulating plate; 1-3, current collecting plate; 1-4, bipolar plate; 1-5, membrane electrode; 1-6, heat exchange groove; 1-7, flow guide groove. 2-1, liquid hydrogen inlet; 2-2, hydrogen outlet; 2-3, flow channel; 2-4, water guide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0024] The embodiment of the present application proposes a wind-cooled cathode open fuel cell system, as shown in the accompanying drawings, including a stack 1, a hydrogen source 4, a condensing heat exchanger 2, a vortex tube 6, a liquid water collector 9, and a fan 5. Figures 1-6 The condensing dehumidifier in the stack 1 is used to liquefy the water vapor generated by the reaction in the stack, the fan 5 is provided with an ultrasonic atomizer, the fan 5 is arranged on one side of the stack 1, the condensing heat exchanger 2 is arranged on the other side of the stack 1, and the fan 5 and the condensing heat exchanger 2 are oppositely arranged. The hydrogen source 4 is connected to the liquid hydrogen inlet 2-1 of the condensing heat exchanger 2, the hydrogen outlet 2-2 of the condensing heat exchanger 2 is connected to the inlet of the vortex tube 6, the cold end outlet of the vortex tube 6 is connected to the condensing dehumidifier inlet of the stack 1, and the condensing dehumidifier outlet of the stack 1 and the hot end outlet of the vortex tube 6 are first connected together and then jointly connected to the anode inlet of the stack 1. The liquid water outlet of the condenser heat exchanger 2 is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector 9; the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is also connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector 9; the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector 9 is connected to the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan 5; and a water pump 10 is installed on the connecting pipe between the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector 9 and the fan 5.

[0025] The fan 5 is mounted on the fuel cell stack 1 via a wind resistance plate 11. The wind resistance plate 11 is U-shaped and has holes that are adapted to the shape of the fan to gather the air introduced by the fan 5 and avoid airflow loss caused by air leakage.

[0026] The hydrogen source 4 is a liquid hydrogen cylinder, and a safety valve 3 is provided at the outlet of the hydrogen source 4.

[0027] A drain valve 7 is also provided on the connecting pipe between the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector 9, which is used to periodically drain excess water from the fuel cell stack to prevent the fuel cell stack from being flooded.

[0028] The fuel cell stack 1 includes an end plate 1-1, an insulating plate 1-2, a current collector 1-3, and a single cell. The fuel cell stack 1 is assembled in the following order: end plate 1-1, insulating plate 1-2, current collector 1-4, several single cells, current collector 1-4, insulating plate 1-2, and end plate 1-1. The single cell is composed of a bipolar plate 1-4 and a membrane electrode 1-5. An anode inlet 1-1-1 and an anode outlet 1-1-2 are provided on one end plate of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0029] The fuel cell stack 1 integrates a condenser dehumidifier, which consists of heat exchange tanks 1-6 and flow guides 1-7. Several heat exchange tanks 1-6 are arranged in an array at the lower part of the bipolar plate 1-4, with the heat exchange tanks 1-6 close to the anode outlet of the bipolar plate 1-4. The flow guides 1-7 are respectively located at the lower parts of the insulating plate 1-2 and the current collector plate 1-3, and all heat exchange tanks 1-6 are connected to the flow guides 1-7. The two end plates 1-1 are respectively provided with a condenser dehumidifier inlet and a condenser dehumidifier outlet, which are respectively connected to the adjacent flow guides 1-7. The above arrangement is used to realize the condenser dehumidification function of the fuel cell stack.

[0030] The condenser heat exchanger 2 has a plate-like structure with multiple independent flow channels 2-3 arranged from top to bottom inside. The flow channels are hollowed out to allow air circulation. A liquid hydrogen inlet 2-1 is provided on the lower side of one side of the condenser heat exchanger 2, and a hydrogen outlet 2-2 is provided on the upper side of the other side of the condenser heat exchanger 2. Liquid hydrogen from the hydrogen source 4 enters through the liquid hydrogen inlet 2-1 and flows along the internal flow channels 2-3 of the condenser heat exchanger 2. It exchanges heat with the external hot air in the flow channels 2-3. After the liquid hydrogen vaporizes into hydrogen gas, it flows out through the hydrogen outlet 2-2.

[0031] The lower part of the condensing heat exchanger 2 is also provided with a water guide groove 2-4, and the hot gas on the outer surface of the flow channel 2-3 of the condensing heat exchanger 2 exchanges heat with the liquid hydrogen inside the flow channel 2-3, and the water vapor in the hot gas is liquefied into liquid water, which flows downward along the outer surface of the flow channel 2-3 to the water guide groove 2-4 under the action of gravity, and the bottom of the water guide groove 2-4 is provided with a liquid water outlet, and the collected liquid water flows out through the liquid water outlet.

[0032] A filter 8 is also arranged on the connecting pipeline between the liquid water outlet of the condensing heat exchanger 2 and the liquid water collector 9, which is used to filter impurities in the liquid water.

[0033] The application also provides a working method of the air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps: After the air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system is stably operated, the liquid hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source 4 enters the condensing heat exchanger 2 through the liquid hydrogen inlet 2-1 of the condensing heat exchanger 2, flows along the internal flow channel 2-3 of the condensing heat exchanger 2, exchanges heat with the hot gas blown by the fan 5 in the flow channel 2-3, and the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into hydrogen gas, which then flows out through the hydrogen gas outlet 2-2 of the condensing heat exchanger 2 and then enters the vortex tube 6; The cold flow part of the hydrogen gas in the vortex tube 6 flows out through the cold end outlet, enters the flow guide groove 1-7 of the condensing dehumidifier through the condensing dehumidifier inlet of the electric pile 1, and then flows along the heat exchange grooves 1-6, enters the flow guide groove 1-7 on the other side, and then flows out through the condensing dehumidifier outlet, and the cold flow part of the hydrogen gas in the vortex tube 6 exchanges heat with the water vapor at the anode outlet of the electric pile in the heat exchange grooves 1-6, and the water vapor in the electric pile is condensed at the anode outlet under the action of low temperature; the temperature of the cold flow part of the hydrogen gas is increased after passing through the condensing dehumidifier; The hot flow part of the hydrogen gas in the vortex tube 6 flows out through the hot end outlet, mixes with the hydrogen gas flowing out from the condensing dehumidifier outlet, and then enters the electric pile 1 through the anode inlet 1-1-1 of the electric pile 1 to participate in the reaction; The fan 5 continuously blows air to the cathode of the electric pile to supply oxygen, and at the same time, the fan blows away the heat in the electric pile, the high-heat gas meets cold on the surface of the flow channel 2-3 of the condensing heat exchanger 2, the water vapor in the high-heat gas is condensed into liquid water on the surface of the flow channel 2-3, and the collected liquid water flows downward along the outer surface of the flow channel 2-3 to the water guide groove 2-4 under the action of gravity, and then flows out through the liquid water outlet, and then passes through the filter 8 to enter the liquid water collector 9; The liquid water in the liquid water collector 9 is pumped by the water pump 10 to realize the humidification of the cathode gas through the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan 5.

[0034] Periodically open the drain valve 7, there is a pressure difference between the anode of the stack and the external environment, under the action of internal pressure, the condensed liquid water is discharged from the anode outlet of the stack 1 into the liquid water collector 9, preventing the stack from being flooded, and the liquid water can be used as the water source of the atomizing humidifier in the cathode fan 1.

[0035] The present application introduces liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen bottle into the condensing heat exchanger as a cold source, and at the same time uses the high-temperature and high-humidity air generated by the stack operation as a heat source, realizes the coupling of liquid hydrogen evaporation and stack heat dissipation, and solves the problems of low efficiency and energy waste in traditional heat management.

[0036] By integrating the condensing dehumidifier in the stack, the water vapor in the stack is condensed into liquid water by using the low-temperature hydrogen gas in the condensing dehumidifier as a cold source, and is collected at the anode outlet of the stack. By periodically opening the drain valve, the condensed liquid water is discharged from the anode outlet into the liquid collector under the action of the pressure difference between the anode of the stack and the external environment. Compared with the traditional air-cooled cathode open fuel cell which drains water by hydrogen purging, the above-mentioned setting greatly reduces the waste of hydrogen, because through the setting of the condensing dehumidifier, the liquid water is collected at the anode outlet of the stack, and only needs to be opened for a short time. The liquid water is quickly discharged under the action of the pressure difference, avoiding the discharge of a large amount of hydrogen from the stack due to drainage.

[0037] By setting the liquid water collector, on the one hand, it collects the liquid water condensed by the high-humidity gas in the condensing heat exchanger, and on the other hand, it collects the liquid water condensed at the anode outlet of the stack, and uses these as the water source of the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan, and humidifies the cathode gas entering the stack, forming a closed-loop system of "condensed water recovery-atomization-humidification". This technology can control the humidity of the cathode of the stack, replace the traditional complex external humidification device, and improve the humidification efficiency.

[0038] The hydrogen gas after heat exchange in the condensing heat exchanger is recovered by the vortex tube, and the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to the condensing dehumidifier to continue to serve as the cold source of the condensing dehumidifier, and the hydrogen pressure energy is recovered efficiently. In addition, the hydrogen gas at the outlet of the condensing dehumidifier is mixed with the hydrogen gas at the hot end of the vortex tube, which is heated to a suitable temperature after the endothermic process and then enters the stack. This technology avoids the thermal shock caused by the direct entry of supercooled hydrogen into the stack, ensures the durability of the stack, and solves the problem of affecting the service life of the stack due to unstable hydrogen temperature.

[0039] Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood that modifications can be made to the foregoing embodiments, or additional implementations can be implemented, without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, the present application is not limited to the implementations described herein, but is intended to be defined by the claims set forth below, and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. An air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system, characterized in that, The device includes a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen source, a condenser heat exchanger, a vortex tube, a liquid water collector, and a fan. The fuel cell stack integrates a condenser dehumidifier, which is used to liquefy the water vapor generated in the reaction of the fuel cell stack. The fan is equipped with an ultrasonic atomizer. The fan is located on one side of the fuel cell stack, and the condenser heat exchanger is located on the other side of the fuel cell stack. The fan and the condenser heat exchanger are arranged opposite to each other. The hydrogen source is connected to the liquid hydrogen inlet of the condenser heat exchanger, the hydrogen outlet of the condenser heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the vortex tube, the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to the condenser dehumidifier inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the condenser dehumidifier outlet of the fuel cell stack and the hot end outlet of the vortex tube are first connected together through pipelines and then connected together to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack. The liquid water outlet of the condenser heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector; the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is also connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector; the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector is connected to the ultrasonic atomizer in the fan; and a water pump is installed on the connecting pipe between the liquid outlet of the liquid water collector and the fan.

2. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel cell stack includes an end plate, an insulating plate, a current collector, and a single cell. The fuel cell stack is assembled in the following order: end plate, insulating plate, current collector, several single cells, current collector, insulating plate, and end plate. The single cell consists of a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode. An anode inlet and an anode outlet are provided on one end plate of the fuel cell stack.

3. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The fuel cell stack integrates a condenser dehumidifier, which consists of heat exchange tanks and flow guide tanks. Several heat exchange tanks are arranged in an array at the lower part of the bipolar plate, with the heat exchange tanks close to the anode outlet of the bipolar plate. The flow guide tanks are respectively located at the lower part of the insulating plate and the current collector plate, and the heat exchange tanks are all connected to the flow guide tanks. The two end plates are respectively provided with a condenser dehumidifier inlet and a condenser dehumidifier outlet, which are respectively connected to the adjacent flow guide tanks.

4. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The condenser heat exchanger has a plate-like structure with multiple independent flow channels arranged from top to bottom inside. The channels are hollowed out to allow for air circulation. A liquid hydrogen inlet is located on the lower side of one side of the condenser heat exchanger, and a hydrogen outlet is located on the upper side of the other side. Liquid hydrogen from the hydrogen source enters through the liquid hydrogen inlet and flows along the internal flow channels of the condenser heat exchanger. It exchanges heat with the hot air outside the flow channels. After the liquid hydrogen vaporizes into hydrogen gas, it flows out through the hydrogen outlet.

5. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The lower part of the condenser heat exchanger is also provided with a water inlet tank. The hot gas on the outer surface of the flow channel of the condenser heat exchanger exchanges heat with the liquid hydrogen inside the flow channel. After the water vapor in the hot gas liquefies into liquid water, it flows down the outer surface of the flow channel into the water inlet tank under the action of gravity. The bottom of the water inlet tank is provided with a liquid water outlet, and the collected liquid water flows out through the liquid water outlet.

6. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, A filter is also installed on the connecting pipe between the liquid water outlet of the condenser heat exchanger and the liquid water collector to filter impurities in the liquid water.

7. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, A safety valve is installed at the outlet of the hydrogen source.

8. The air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, A drain valve is also installed on the connecting pipe between the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack and the liquid inlet of the liquid water collector to periodically drain excess water from the fuel cell stack.

9. A method for operating a wind-cooled cathode open fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After the air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system is operating stably, liquid hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen source enters through the liquid hydrogen inlet of the condenser heat exchanger and flows along the internal flow channel of the condenser heat exchanger. In the flow channel, it exchanges heat with the hot gas blown by the fan. After the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into hydrogen gas, it flows out through the hydrogen gas outlet of the condenser heat exchanger and then enters the vortex tube. The cold hydrogen flow in the vortex tube exits through the cold end outlet, enters the dehumidifier guide channel of the condenser through the inlet of the fuel cell stack, and then flows along several heat exchange channels before entering the guide channel on the other side and exiting through the dehumidifier outlet. The cold hydrogen flow in the vortex tube exchanges heat with the water vapor at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack in the heat exchange channels. The water vapor in the stack condenses at the anode outlet under the action of low temperature. The temperature of the cold hydrogen flow increases after passing through the dehumidifier. The hot hydrogen flow in the vortex tube flows out through the hot end outlet, mixes with the hydrogen flowing out from the outlet of the condenser dehumidifier, and then enters the fuel cell stack through the anode inlet to participate in the reaction. The fan continuously blows oxygen to the cathode of the fuel cell stack, and at the same time, the fan blows away the heat inside the stack. The high-heat gas is cooled on the surface of the condenser heat exchanger channel, and the water vapor in it condenses into liquid water on the surface of the channel. Under the action of gravity, the liquid water flows down the outer surface of the channel into the water inlet tank. The collected liquid water flows out through the liquid water outlet, and after being filtered by the filter, it enters the liquid water collector. In the liquid water collector, liquid water is pumped through an ultrasonic atomizer in a fan to humidify the cathode gas.

10. The method of operating the air-cooled cathode open fuel cell system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The working method also includes: periodically opening the drain valve to discharge the condensed liquid water from the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack into a liquid water collector.

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