Data transmission method and apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and program product

Abstract

The application provides a data transmission method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product, relates to the technical field of block chain, and the method comprises the following steps: in the case that a second node uses a cognitive radio network to transmit data to a first node and uses a UAV for auxiliary transmission, acquiring a first system secrecy rate and a second system secrecy rate, the first system secrecy rate is the channel capacity difference of a first communication link and a second communication link in the case that the UAV is used as a relay, and the second system secrecy rate is the channel capacity difference of the first communication link and the second communication link in the case that the UAV is used as an interferer; determining the role of the UAV according to the first system secrecy rate and the second system secrecy rate; and sending the role information of the UAV to the UAV. According to the application, the role of the UAV is determined by calculating the system secrecy rate of the UAV under different roles, so that the role of the UAV is dynamically adjusted, and the safety of data transmission is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of blockchains, and in particular to a data transmission method and device, electronic equipment, a storage medium and a program product. BACKGROUND

[0002] Cognitive radio networks allow devices to access licensed spectrum for information transmission, which can effectively alleviate the problem of spectrum resource scarcity. However, due to the high dynamicity of spectrum access, the transmission of sensitive data faces greater security risks, and therefore how to protect the security of sensitive data and spectrum sharing becomes an important challenge.

[0003] In a cognitive user scheduling network assisted by a UAV, the UAV is currently mainly used as a mobile relay to improve the communication quality of cognitive user communication. However, due to the dynamicity of the UAV position, the risk of data leakage is greater. SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method, device, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product to solve the problem of greater risk of data leakage when using a UAV to transmit data.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application is implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method, executed by a first node, comprising:

[0007] In a case where a second node transmits data to the first node using a cognitive radio network and uses a UAV for assisted transmission, a first system secrecy rate and a second system secrecy rate are obtained, wherein the first system secrecy rate is the difference between the channel capacities of a first communication link and a second communication link in a case where the UAV acts as a relay, the second system secrecy rate is the difference between the channel capacities of the first communication link and the second communication link in a case where the UAV acts as an interferer, the first communication link is a communication link between the second node and the first node, and the second communication link is a communication link between the second node and an eavesdropping node;

[0008] The role of the UAV is determined according to the first system secrecy rate and the second system secrecy rate;

[0009] The role information of the UAV is sent to the UAV.

[0010] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method, executed by a UAV, comprising:

[0011] The role information of the UAV sent by a first node is received;

[0012] Based on the role information, perform operations corresponding to the role of the drone, wherein the role of the drone includes at least one of repeater and jammer.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission apparatus applied to a first node, the apparatus comprising:

[0014] The first acquisition module is used to acquire a first system security rate and a second system security rate when the second node transmits data to the first node using a cognitive radio network and uses a drone for assisted transmission. The first system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a repeater. The second system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a jammer. The first communication link is the communication link between the second node and the first node, and the second communication link is the communication link between the second node and the eavesdropping node.

[0015] The first determining module is used to determine the role of the UAV based on the first system security rate and the second system security rate;

[0016] The sending module is used to send the drone's role information to the drone.

[0017] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission device applied to a drone, the device comprising:

[0018] The receiving module is used to receive the drone's role information sent by the first node;

[0019] An execution module is configured to perform operations corresponding to the role of the UAV based on the role information, wherein the role of the UAV includes at least one of repeater and jammer.

[0020] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including: a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the data transmission method described in the first or second aspect.

[0021] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the data transmission method described in the first or second aspect.

[0022] A seventh aspect provides a computer program product including computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the data transmission method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0023] In this embodiment, the system security rate of the drone under different role conditions is calculated to determine the role of the drone, thereby enabling the drone to dynamically adjust its role according to the situation and improving the security of data transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts of a data transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted cognitive radio communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of node grouping provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a network consensus process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a second flowchart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 6 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a data transmission device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a data transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] With the increasing number of IoT devices, scheduling among different users is needed to more effectively utilize and allocate shared resources. However, the scarcity of spectrum resources is a significant problem, as a large number of wireless devices access limited spectrum for communication. Cognitive radio allows unauthorized devices to access licensed spectrum for information transmission, which also introduces risks associated with data transmission.

[0035] This application provides a data transmission method, apparatus, and electronic device to address the problem of significant data leakage risk.

[0036] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 101: When the second node transmits data to the first node using a cognitive radio network and uses a drone for assisted transmission, obtain a first system security rate and a second system security rate. The first system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a repeater. The second system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a jammer. The first communication link is the communication link between the second node and the first node, and the second communication link is the communication link between the second node and the eavesdropping node.

[0038] Step 102: Determine the role of the drone based on the first system security rate and the second system security rate;

[0039] Step 103: Send the drone's role information to the drone.

[0040] A drone-assisted cognitive radio communication system, such as Figure 2 As shown, the network consists of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted cognitive radio communication network and a blockchain network. In the main network, user PT holds authorized spectrum usage rights; user PT acts as the transmitter, and user PR acts as the receiver.

[0041] A drone-assisted cognitive radio communication network consists of N cognitive users ( The network consists of N cognitive users (including the second node), UAV U, and the first node (also known as the information access point) B. N cognitive users and UAV U share the spectrum authorized by the main network user PT for signal broadcasting to achieve efficient spectrum utilization. Simultaneously, an illegal eavesdropping node E attempts to intercept sensitive data transmitted by cognitive users in the cognitive network.

[0042] The system security rate refers to the difference between the channel capacity of the main link (first communication link) and the eavesdropping link (second communication link). The higher the system security rate, the lower the risk of data being eavesdropped on.

[0043] The second node can be any one of the N cognitive users mentioned above. The information transmission links include the second node-UAV U-first node and the second node-first node; the eavesdropping links include the second node-eavesdropping node and the UAV U-eavesdropping node.

[0044] When the second node transmits sensitive data to the first node, the confidentiality rate of the first system and the confidentiality rate of the second system are obtained to determine the role of the UAV U.

[0045] The first system security rate is defined as the difference in channel capacity between the first and second communication links, assuming the drone U acts as a repeater. In this case, the first communication link includes the second node, the drone, and the first node; the second communication link includes the second node, the drone, and the eavesdropping node.

[0046] The second system security rate is the difference in channel capacity between the first and second communication links, assuming the UAV U acts as a jammer. In this case, the first communication link includes a second node and a first node; the second communication link includes a second node and an eavesdropping node.

[0047] If the security level of the first system is greater than that of the second system, the drone is designated as a repeater; if the security level of the first system is less than that of the second system, the drone is designated as a jammer; if the security level of the first system is equal to that of the second system, the drone's role can be determined or selected based on the actual situation. After determining the drone's role, role information is sent to the drone to instruct it to perform corresponding operations based on the role information.

[0048] When the drone acts as a repeater, information transmission can be divided into two stages. In the first stage, the second node uses the spectrum authorized by the main network user PT to send data to the drone U and the first node. In the second stage, the drone U, acting as a repeater, uses the spectrum authorized by the main network user PT to forward the received data to the first node.

[0049] When a drone acts as a jammer, it emits artificial noise generated by a pseudo-random sequence. This pseudo-random sequence leverages the randomness and reciprocity of the wireless channel and can be obtained at legitimate nodes through channel estimation-assisted physical layer key generation protocols. Therefore, the primary node can remove this artificial noise interference. However, unauthorized eavesdropping nodes, unaware of the pseudo-random sequence, will be affected by the artificial noise. When the drone is close to an eavesdropping node, the channel quality of the eavesdropping link may be better than the primary link. In this case, the drone's artificial noise emission can effectively interfere with the eavesdropping node and reduce data leakage.

[0050] By calculating the system security rate of drones in different roles, the drone's role can be switched, improving data transmission security. Furthermore, the drone only switches to jamming mode when needed, reducing unnecessary energy consumption.

[0051] Optionally, determining the role of the drone based on the first system security rate and the second system security rate includes:

[0052] If the security level of the first system is greater than or equal to the security level of the second system, the role of the drone is determined to be a repeater;

[0053] If the security level of the first system is lower than that of the second system, the drone is determined to be a jammer.

[0054] Dynamically adjusting the drone's role based on real-time link conditions can improve the data transmission security of drones during movement.

[0055] Optionally, obtaining the first system confidentiality rate includes:

[0056] In the case where the drone acts as a repeater, the first path loss of data transmission from the second node to the drone, the second path loss of data transmission from the drone to the first node, and the third path loss of data transmission from the drone to the eavesdropping node are obtained.

[0057] The first channel capacity of the first communication link is calculated based on the first path loss and the second path loss, and the second channel capacity of the second communication link is calculated based on the first path loss and the third path loss.

[0058] The security rate of the first system is determined based on the difference between the first channel capacity and the second channel capacity.

[0059] Assuming the drone acts as a relay, information transmission can be divided into two stages. In the first stage, the second node uses the spectrum authorized by the main network user PT to send data to the drone U and the first node. In the second stage, the drone U, acting as a relay, uses the spectrum authorized by the main network user PT to forward the received data to the first node.

[0060] In the first phase, the communication link between the UAV (U) and ground equipment can be divided into two cases: line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS). An A2G channel model is used to describe the channel characteristics between the UAV and ground equipment. The location of the UAV affects the link channel quality. (Cognitive User) Loss and NLoS link path loss to U drone and They are respectively:

[0061] ;

[0062] ;

[0063] in, and These are the additional propagation loss relative to free space when the cognitive user (i.e., the second node) communicates with the drone U, under the LoS and NLoS conditions. This is the path loss index. Represents the speed of light. Indicates the carrier frequency. To determine the propagation distance between the cognitive user (i.e., the second node) and the drone U, where H represents the horizontal distance between the cognitive user (i.e., the second node) and the drone U, and H represents the altitude of the drone U.

[0064] Understanding users The Loss Probability (LOS) of the U-link from the second node to the drone. and NLoS probability They are represented as follows:

[0065] ;

[0066] ;

[0067] in, , and To understand users Environmental characteristic parameters of the U-link to the drone.

[0068] Based on the above, we need to understand users. The large-scale path loss (i.e., the first path loss) from the second node to the UAV U can be expressed as:

[0069] ;

[0070] Similarly, the large-scale path loss (i.e., the second path loss) from the UAV U to the first node can be calculated in the second stage. Large-scale path loss (i.e., third path loss) from drone to eavesdropping node. .

[0071] As can be seen from formulas (1) and (2), the greater the distance between two nodes, the worse the link quality becomes. Therefore, the location of the UAV will have a significant impact on the link channel capacity. When the UAV is close to the eavesdropping node, the eavesdropping link channel quality may be better than the main link, threatening the security of the user's sensitive information.

[0072] A maximum ratio merging strategy is employed at both the first node and the eavesdropping node E to address the direct link in data transmission. and drone relay auxiliary links The received signals are processed.

[0073] Using Shannon's channel capacity formula, the first channel capacity of the first communication link (also known as the main link) and the second channel capacity of the second communication link (also known as the eavesdropping link) can be obtained as follows:

[0074] ;

[0075] ;

[0076] in, and The transmit power for the cognitive user and the U-type drone, respectively. The transmit power of the primary user's PT. This represents the large-scale path loss from the primary user PT to the drone U. , and These represent the interference of the main user PT on the first node (B), the drone U, and the eavesdropping node E, respectively. , and These are the average link fading coefficients from the primary user PT to the first node, the drone U, and the eavesdropping node, respectively. This represents noise power. (include and ) indicates a link The link fading coefficient, where , After obtaining the channel capacities of the main link and the eavesdropping link, the first system security rate of the system using the UAV as a repeater is:

[0077] ;

[0078] A higher system confidentiality rate indicates better system security and reliability.

[0079] The first system confidentiality rate, calculated using the above method, can improve the accuracy of the obtained link quality.

[0080] Optionally, obtaining the second system confidentiality rate includes:

[0081] In the case where the drone is used as a jammer, the third channel capacity for data transmission from the second node to the first node is obtained, as well as the fourth channel capacity for data transmission from the second node to the eavesdropping node and the jamming signal sent by the drone to the eavesdropping node are obtained.

[0082] The security rate of the second system is determined based on the difference between the capacity of the third channel and the capacity of the fourth channel.

[0083] Assuming the drone acts as a jammer, the channel capacity of the first communication link (also known as the main link) and the second communication link (also known as the eavesdropping link) is calculated in a similar manner as described above.

[0084] At the illegal eavesdropping node, data broadcast by the cognitive user (i.e., the second node) will be received, as well as interference from artificial noise emitted by the drone U. The maximum ratio merging strategy is used for calculation.

[0085] According to Shannon's channel capacity formula, the third channel capacity of the main link (i.e., from the second node to the first node) under the scheme of using a UAV as a jammer can be obtained as follows:

[0086] (9);

[0087] Indicates link S n -B is the link fading coefficient; the fourth channel capacity of the eavesdropping link (i.e., the data transmission from the second node to the eavesdropping node, and the interference signal sent by the drone to the eavesdropping node) is:

[0088] (10);

[0089] Based on the above, the confidentiality rate of the second system is:

[0090] (11);

[0091] Using formulas (8) and (11), the system security rate corresponding to the UAV under different assumed roles can be calculated, and the actual role of the UAV can be determined based on the relative size of the first system security rate and the second system security rate.

[0092] Dynamically adjusting the drone's role based on real-time link conditions can improve the data transmission security of drones during movement.

[0093] Optionally, obtaining the first system security rate and the second system security rate includes:

[0094] Input the preset total power, the maximum transmission power value of the second node, and the maximum transmission power value of the UAV into the pre-built model to obtain the transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV;

[0095] Based on the transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV, the security rate of the first system and the security rate of the second system are determined;

[0096] Wherein, the first system security rate is the maximum system security rate when the UAV is assumed to be a repeater, and the second system security rate is the maximum system security rate when the UAV is assumed to be a jammer.

[0097] Methods to improve system security by leveraging the inherent transmission characteristics of wireless channels include increasing the capacity of the main link channel and reducing the capacity of the eavesdropping link channel. Among these, using drones as repeaters and as friendly jammers are effective ways to improve the physical layer security of wireless communication. Cooperative relaying of confidential information increases the received signal strength of both the destination node and the eavesdropping node; however, the difference between the main channel capacity and the eavesdropping channel capacity can be increased through reasonable power allocation, thereby improving the security rate. Friendly jamming, by emitting artificial noise, affects the received signal of the eavesdropping node, reducing the eavesdropping link channel capacity and thus improving the security rate. Therefore, system security is enhanced. A higher system security rate indicates better system security and reliability.

[0098] Within the cognitive network spectrum sharing framework, the transmit power of both the cognitive user and the drone U is subject to the receiveable interference threshold at the main network user PR. Constraints are imposed to prevent cognitive users from interfering with the main user's communications. It is assumed that the signals received by each node (e.g., drones, the first node, and the eavesdropping node) are affected by Gaussian white noise, which follows a Gaussian distribution. The total power can be set, and an optimization model can be built with the goal of maximizing system security to optimize the transmission power of the cognitive user (i.e., the second node) and the UAV.

[0099] Assuming the drone acts as a repeater, we also need to consider the power range of the cognitive user and the drone U under conditions that do not interfere with the main user's communication and its own power constraints. The corresponding optimization model in this case is:

[0100] ;

[0101] ;

[0102] ;(12)

[0103] ;

[0104] in, and This indicates the upper limit of the power of signals transmitted by cognitive users and drones. and These represent the link fading coefficients from the cognitive user to the main network user PR and from the drone U to the main network user PR, respectively.

[0105] The transmission power values ​​of the second node and the drone can be obtained using the above formula (12), assuming the drone is a repeater. Based on the allocated transmission power values ​​of the second node and the drone, the maximum security rate value under this condition, i.e., the first system security rate, can be obtained.

[0106] Assuming the UAV is a jammer, the total system power P t Under constraints, with the goal of maximizing system security, the power of cognitive users transmitting sensitive data and the power of UAV U transmitting artificial noise are optimized. Since the main network user PR is also a legitimate user in the system, it will not be affected by the artificial noise emitted by UAV U. Simultaneously, considering the interference of cognitive users on the main network user PR, the corresponding optimization model in this case is:

[0107] ;

[0108] ;

[0109] ; (13)

[0110] ;

[0111] and These represent the transmit power of cognitive users.

[0112] The transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV can be obtained using the above formula (13), assuming the UAV is a jammer. Based on the allocated transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV, the maximum security rate value under this condition can be obtained, i.e., the security rate of the second system.

[0113] In cognitive radio networks, drones are used to assist in user information transmission. Considering the dynamic nature of drones, their roles are intelligently adjusted, switching between relay and friendly jammer. When acting as a friendly jammer, the drone emits artificial noise generated by a pseudo-random sequence. Legitimate nodes use channel estimation to assist the physical layer key generation protocol in obtaining the sequence to avoid interference, while eavesdroppers cannot avoid it. Based on different link conditions, the system security rate under the two roles is compared to ultimately determine the optimal role configuration, further improving the security of sensitive data transmission.

[0114] The above methods can obtain the maximum system security rate of drones in different roles, improve data transmission performance, and thus enhance overall communication efficiency and network performance.

[0115] Optionally, the step of inputting the preset total power, the maximum transmit power value of the second node, and the maximum transmit power value of the UAV into a pre-built model to obtain the transmit power values ​​of the second node and the UAV includes:

[0116] Input the preset total power, the maximum transmit power value of the second node, and the maximum transmit power value of the UAV into the pre-built model;

[0117] Using the transmission power of the second node and the transmission power of the UAV as particles, the model is solved using the particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV.

[0118] For the above optimization models (12) and (13), the structures are similar, and the following methods are used: replace and The above model is described below. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the model. Since PSO is often used to find the minimum value, the optimization model is transformed into solving for min(-C) under constraints. n The penalty function method transforms a constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained optimization problem. When a solution fails to meet the constraints, a penalty term is added to the objective function. The penalty items are: Therefore, the objective function can be transformed into:

[0119] ;

[0120] The optimal power allocation is solved using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the steps are as follows.

[0121] Algorithm 1: Optimal power allocation based on particle swarm optimization.

[0122] 1: Let the total number of particles in the swarm be N, and the maximum number of iterations be... Individual optimal solution Global optimal solution ;

[0123] 2: for ;

[0124] 3: Initialize the first The velocity and position of each particle are and ;

[0125] 4: Calculate the first The objective function value of each particle, and the optimal solution of that individual particle. Set as ;

[0126] 5: end for;

[0127] 6: Compare the objective function values ​​of N particles to obtain the global optimal solution at this point. ;

[0128] 7: for ;

[0129] 8: for ;

[0130] 9: Update # The speed of each particle and location ;

[0131] 10: if do end if;

[0132] 11: if do end if;

[0133] 12: end for;

[0134] 13: end for;

[0135] 14: Output the optimal power allocation scheme, corresponding to the maximum system security rate. .

[0136] For models (12) and (13) above, the solutions are obtained using the methods described above, yielding the maximum system security rate when the UAV U acts as a relay and a friendly jammer. By analyzing the system security rate when the UAV U acts as a relay and a friendly jammer, and after power allocation according to the methods described above, the maximum system security rates when the UAV acts as a relay and a friendly jammer are respectively... and .

[0137] like If the situation is favorable, then a drone is selected as a relay; otherwise, a drone is selected as a friendly jammer. Selecting the most suitable role for the drone allows for reasonable power allocation and reduces resource waste.

[0138] The location of the drone is not fixed. For example, when the drone is close to the eavesdropping node, it is more suitable as a friendly jammer, causing significant interference to the eavesdropping node; when it is suitable for relaying, the drone acts as a relay to enhance the quality of the main link channel. Therefore, the role of the drone is dynamically adjusted under different link conditions to ensure that the system maintains optimal performance throughout the drone's movement.

[0139] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0140] In the cognitive radio network, the priority of the data transmitted by each node is obtained.

[0141] Obtain the maximum system security rate corresponding to each node;

[0142] Based on the priority of the data and the maximum system confidentiality rate, the second node is scheduled to transmit data to the first node among the plurality of nodes.

[0143] Once the drone's role is determined, the maximum system security rate for each cognitive user (i.e., each node) can be determined based on the drone's current role. .

[0144] Considering that the importance level of sensitive data varies among different cognitive users, a priority is set for the data transmitted by each cognitive user. The larger the value, the higher the priority.

[0145] Taking into account the priority of sensitive data transmitted by cognitive users, and cognitive users Maximum system security rate To determine the optimal cognitive users for access. If the cognitive user set is... The access terminal selected by cognitive user scheduling is obtained by the following formula:

[0146] ;

[0147] In other words, when scheduling cognitive users, the data priority and maximum system confidentiality rate of the cognitive users can be taken into account, and cognitive users with high data priority and high system confidentiality rate can be scheduled first.

[0148] To utilize and allocate shared resources more effectively, scheduling is required among different users. However, current scheduling strategies are typically based solely on user link conditions, prioritizing users with better link conditions for communication while neglecting users with poorer link conditions but urgent data transmission needs, thus putting these users at a disadvantage in resource allocation.

[0149] By employing the above methods, and considering the importance of sensitive data transmitted by each cognitive user, data prioritization optimizes network resource allocation, reduces the disadvantage for users with poor link conditions but urgent data transmission needs, and improves communication efficiency and security. It enables a fairer allocation of spectrum resources while balancing data transmission security and priority, thereby enhancing overall system resource utilization efficiency and user satisfaction.

[0150] Optionally, the second node is a node within a blockchain network; the second node is used to encapsulate the information of the second node into a block and broadcast it, and to reach a consensus through the blockchain network.

[0151] like Figure 2 As shown, the blockchain network is composed of the master user, the cognitive user, and the UAV in the UAV-assisted cognitive radio communication network.

[0152] To enhance the security of spectrum sharing, second nodes must undergo system authentication before applying for spectrum resources. After obtaining permission to access the spectrum, the second node transmits sensitive data and then encapsulates at least one of the following information into a block: spectrum resource usage records, user authentication information, transaction timestamps, and transmission power, and broadcasts this block. All nodes participate in the consensus process to verify the broadcast block. Verified blocks are added to the blockchain, and the user receives an increased reputation score.

[0153] In cognitive networks, spectrum resource sharing presents potential threats, including malicious users occupying idle spectrum, negatively impacting spectrum allocation and communication security. Current strategies simply introduce blockchain to ensure the traceability of spectrum sharing, but fail to consider the unique characteristics of wireless communication networks, such as their large and dynamically changing number of nodes, the high energy consumption and low efficiency of reaching block consensus, and the potential for system instability.

[0154] By employing the methods described above, system stability can be improved while energy consumption is reduced. This enhances both system stability and efficiency.

[0155] Optionally, the nodes in the blockchain network are divided into y node groups, and each node group includes at least two nodes;

[0156] The y node groups reach consensus using a first consensus mechanism, and each node group reaches consensus using a second consensus mechanism.

[0157] The total energy consumption of the y node groups is less than the total energy consumption of the nodes in the blockchain network when they are divided into k node groups, where y is an integer greater than 1 and k is an integer greater than 0, and y and k are not equal.

[0158] The total energy consumption of the y node groups includes the total energy consumption within each node group, as well as the energy consumed by the y node groups in reaching a consensus.

[0159] Consensus mechanisms are the foundation for establishing trust among network nodes. Among them, the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm has high fault tolerance. However, multiple rounds of communication lead to significant energy consumption, and the energy consumption of PBFT increases cubically with the number of nodes.

[0160] In a blockchain network composed of nodes in a drone-assisted cognitive radio communication network, the large number of communication nodes and the energy limitations of specific cognitive users, such as sensor nodes, can lead to disconnection due to the exhaustion of all energy during consensus. Furthermore, PBFT's static network structure makes it difficult to handle dynamic network changes, thus limiting the scalability of the blockchain.

[0161] To reduce energy consumption and improve scalability in blockchain networks, nodes in the blockchain network are grouped.

[0162] like Figure 3 As shown, multiple nodes in the blockchain network are grouped into three node groups (the diagram is for illustrative purposes only). Within each node group, ordinary nodes employ a second consensus mechanism, such as the Replicated Agreement For Transactions (RAFT) parallel consensus, which can adapt to a large-scale network of nodes. Between node groups, a committee node (i.e., a master node) is selected. The node groups then use a first consensus mechanism through the master node, such as the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm, to achieve global consistency.

[0163] To minimize the energy consumption required for nodes in the blockchain network to reach consensus by dividing them into y groups, a model is constructed to calculate the value of y.

[0164] exist Figure 3 In the blockchain network shown, consisting of n communication nodes in a drone-assisted cognitive radio communication network, it is assumed that the nodes are uniformly distributed in an area of ​​length d and width h. Dividing this area into y groups, the number of nodes in each group is x = n / y, and the length of each group is d1, satisfying d = yd1. For consensus to succeed before and after grouping, d and d1 must satisfy the following constraints:

[0165] ;

[0166] ;

[0167] Where P1 and P2 represent the transmission power before and after the blockchain network packet is generated, respectively. Let P represent the path loss exponent. Let r represent the non-negative random variable of power gain under Rayleigh fading conditions, following a negative exponential distribution with an exponent of 1. N Let z represent the interference noise power, and z be the signal-to-noise ratio threshold at which a blockchain network node can recover the signal. From formulas (16) and (17), we can obtain... .

[0168] In the above blockchain grouping scheme, the energy consumption to achieve global consensus is equal to the sum of the energy consumption within each group, plus the energy consumed by the consensus of the committee nodes between groups, which can be expressed as:

[0169] ;

[0170] Where t3 and t4 represent the downlink latency of intra-group and inter-group communication, respectively, and the uplink latency is independent of the number of nodes, denoted as t2. , and Substituting into the above equation, we get:

[0171] ;

[0172] Among them, the time delays t3 and t4 can be approximated as linear functions crossing zero. Furthermore, in the UAV-assisted cognitive radio communication network, the number of nodes is large, and t2 is very small relative to t3 and t4, and can be ignored. Therefore, formula (19) can be simplified to:

[0173] ;

[0174] The above formula specifies the number of groups. By taking the derivative and calculating its first and second derivatives, we obtain:

[0175] (twenty one);

[0176] (twenty two);

[0177] From the above equation, we know that the second derivative is greater than 0, therefore the first derivative is a monotonically increasing function. Thus, when the first derivative is 0, the calculated number of groups y minimizes energy consumption. Using Newton's iteration method, we can obtain the optimal number of groups y*, from which we can derive the optimal length of each group. This optimal grouping can further improve the performance and stability of the blockchain network.

[0178] By calculating the energy consumption required to achieve global consensus, and optimizing blockchain network grouping with the goal of minimizing energy consumption, blockchain network performance can be further improved, node energy consumption reduced, and system stability enhanced.

[0179] Optionally, each of the node groups includes a master node determined based on node energy and reputation value;

[0180] The y node groups reach a consensus through the master node of each node group;

[0181] The blockchain network achieves consensus through the master node of each node group.

[0182] For each node group, a master node is determined based on node energy and reputation value. During global consensus, if... Figure 4 As shown, consensus is first reached among the various node groups through a primary consensus mechanism using the master nodes. Then, a secondary consensus mechanism is used within each node group; finally, network-wide consensus is achieved through the primary nodes on the blockchain network.

[0183] The main function of the master node is to process and verify transactions, generate node groups, and combine these nodes into the final block through a consensus mechanism. Compared with ordinary nodes, it undertakes more computing, verification, management and decision-making tasks, and therefore needs to have more energy reserves.

[0184] Therefore, when selecting the master node within each node group, both the node's remaining energy and reputation value are considered to ensure that nodes with high reliability and honest behavior participate in important decisions within the blockchain network.

[0185] Traditional security mechanisms include encryption / decryption algorithms and authentication. However, encryption / decryption algorithms rely on keys, which are vulnerable to being cracked, while authentication can suffer from credential leakage, also posing security risks. Physical layer security technologies utilize the characteristics of wireless channels to resist eavesdropping attacks, thus improving system security. In the field of wireless communication, blockchain technology can enhance the security of network communications. Integrating blockchain and physical layer security technologies can further improve the security of sensitive data transmission and spectrum sharing.

[0186] The above approach, which comprehensively considers node energy and reputation when selecting committee nodes, also improves the reliability and security of global consensus, thereby enhancing the security of spectrum sharing.

[0187] In this embodiment, the system security rate of the drone under different role conditions is calculated to determine the role of the drone, thereby enabling the drone to dynamically adjust its role according to the situation and improving the security of data transmission.

[0188] See Figure 5 , Figure 5 This application provides a data transmission method, executed by a drone, the method comprising:

[0189] Step 501: Receive the drone's role information sent by the first node;

[0190] Step 502: Based on the role information, perform the operation corresponding to the role of the UAV, wherein the role of the UAV includes at least one of repeater and jammer.

[0191] After determining the drone's role, the first node sends the drone's role information to instruct the drone to switch to the corresponding role. In some implementations, if a role switch is not required, the drone can be instructed to maintain its current role.

[0192] The drone performs the corresponding operation based on the role information.

[0193] Optionally, performing the operation corresponding to the role of the drone includes:

[0194] When the drone acts as a repeater, it receives data transmitted by the second node and forwards the received data to the first node.

[0195] In the case where the drone acts as a jammer, it emits artificial noise generated by a pseudo-random sequence.

[0196] In this embodiment of the application, the drone dynamically adjusts its role according to the instructions of the first node, which can improve the security of data transmission.

[0197] SeeFigure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the data transmission device 600 includes:

[0198] The first acquisition module 601 is used to acquire a first system security rate and a second system security rate when the second node transmits data to the first node using a cognitive radio network and uses a drone for assisted transmission. The first system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a repeater. The second system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a jammer. The first communication link is the communication link between the second node and the first node, and the second communication link is the communication link between the second node and the eavesdropping node.

[0199] The first determining module 602 is used to determine the role of the drone based on the first system security rate and the second system security rate;

[0200] The sending module 603 is used to send the role information of the drone to the drone.

[0201] Optionally, the determining module is specifically used for:

[0202] If the security level of the first system is greater than or equal to the security level of the second system, the role of the drone is determined to be a repeater;

[0203] If the security level of the first system is lower than that of the second system, the drone is determined to be a jammer.

[0204] Optionally, the acquisition module is specifically used for:

[0205] When the drone acts as a repeater, the first path loss of data transmission from the second node to the drone, the second path loss of data transmission from the drone to the first node, and the third path loss of data transmission from the drone to the eavesdropping node are obtained.

[0206] The first channel capacity of the first communication link is calculated based on the first path loss and the second path loss, and the second channel capacity of the second communication link is calculated based on the first path loss and the third path loss.

[0207] The security rate of the first system is determined based on the difference between the first channel capacity and the second channel capacity.

[0208] Optionally, the acquisition module is specifically used for:

[0209] When the drone acts as a jammer, the third channel capacity for data transmission from the second node to the first node is obtained, as well as the fourth channel capacity for data transmission from the second node to the eavesdropping node and the jamming signal sent by the drone to the eavesdropping node are obtained.

[0210] The security rate of the second system is determined based on the difference between the capacity of the third channel and the capacity of the fourth channel.

[0211] Optionally, the acquisition module includes:

[0212] The input submodule is used to input the preset total power, the maximum transmission power value of the second node, and the maximum transmission power value of the UAV into a pre-built model to obtain the transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV.

[0213] A determination submodule is used to determine the security rate of the first system and the security rate of the second system based on the transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV;

[0214] Wherein, the first system security rate is the maximum system security rate when the UAV is used as a repeater, and the second system security rate is the maximum system security rate when the UAV is used as a jammer.

[0215] Optionally, the input submodule is specifically used for:

[0216] Input the preset total power, the maximum transmit power value of the second node, and the maximum transmit power value of the UAV into the pre-built model;

[0217] Using the transmission power of the second node and the transmission power of the UAV as particles, the model is solved using the particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV.

[0218] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0219] The second acquisition module is used to acquire the priority of the data transmitted by each node in the multiple nodes of the cognitive radio network;

[0220] The third acquisition module is used to acquire the maximum system security rate corresponding to each node;

[0221] The scheduling module is used to schedule the second node to transmit data to the first node among the plurality of nodes based on the priority of the data and the maximum system security rate.

[0222] Optionally, the second node is a node within a blockchain network; the information of the second node is encapsulated into blocks and broadcast, and consensus is reached through the blockchain network.

[0223] Optionally, the nodes in the blockchain network are divided into y node groups, and each node group includes at least two nodes;

[0224] The y node groups reach consensus using a first consensus mechanism, and each node group reaches consensus using a second consensus mechanism.

[0225] The total energy consumption of the y node groups is less than the total energy consumption of the nodes in the blockchain network when they are divided into y node groups, where y is an integer greater than 1 and k is an integer greater than 0, and y and k are not equal.

[0226] The total energy consumption of the y node groups includes the total energy consumption within each node group, as well as the energy consumed by the y node groups in reaching a consensus.

[0227] Optionally, each of the node groups includes a master node determined based on node energy and reputation value;

[0228] The y node groups reach a consensus through the master node of each node group;

[0229] The blockchain network achieves consensus through the master node of each node group.

[0230] The data transmission device 600 can achieve Figure 1 The various processes implemented in the method embodiments can achieve the same technical effect, and will not be described again here to avoid repetition.

[0231] See Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the data transmission device 700 includes:

[0232] The receiving module 701 is used to receive the role information of the drone sent by the first node;

[0233] The execution module 702 is used to perform operations corresponding to the role of the UAV based on the role information, wherein the role of the UAV includes at least one of repeater and jammer.

[0234] Optionally, the execution module is specifically used for:

[0235] When the drone acts as a repeater, it receives data transmitted by the second node and forwards the received data to the first node.

[0236] In the case where the drone acts as a jammer, it emits artificial noise generated by a pseudo-random sequence.

[0237] The data transmission device 700 can achieve Figure 5 The various processes implemented in the method embodiments can achieve the same technical effect, and will not be described again here to avoid repetition.

[0238] like Figure 8 As shown, this application embodiment also provides an electronic device 800, including: a processor 801, a memory 802, and a program stored in the memory 802 and executable on the processor 801. When the program is executed by the processor 801, it implements the various processes of the above-described data transmission method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0239] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the various processes of the above-described data transmission method embodiments and achieves the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here. The computer-readable storage medium may be a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, etc.

[0240] This application also provides a computer program product, including computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described... Figure 1 The various processes of the method embodiments shown can achieve the same technical effect, and will not be described again here to avoid repetition.

[0241] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0242] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0243] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that, Executed by the first node, the method includes: When the second node transmits data to the first node using a cognitive radio network and uses a drone for assisted transmission, a first system security rate and a second system security rate are obtained. The first system security rate is the difference in channel capacity between the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a repeater. The second system security rate is the difference in channel capacity between the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a jammer. The first communication link is the communication link between the second node and the first node, and the second communication link is the communication link between the second node and the eavesdropping node. The role of the drone is determined based on the first system security level and the second system security level. Send the drone's role information to the drone.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the role of the drone based on the first system security rate and the second system security rate includes: If the security level of the first system is greater than or equal to the security level of the second system, the role of the drone is determined to be a repeater; If the security level of the first system is lower than that of the second system, the drone is determined to be a jammer.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the first system confidentiality rate includes: In the case where the drone acts as a repeater, the first path loss of data transmission from the second node to the drone, the second path loss of data transmission from the drone to the first node, and the third path loss of data transmission from the drone to the eavesdropping node are obtained. The first channel capacity of the first communication link is calculated based on the first path loss and the second path loss, and the second channel capacity of the second communication link is calculated based on the first path loss and the third path loss. The security rate of the first system is determined based on the difference between the first channel capacity and the second channel capacity.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The acquisition of the second system confidentiality rate includes: In the case where the drone is used as a jammer, the third channel capacity for data transmission from the second node to the first node is obtained, as well as the fourth channel capacity for data transmission from the second node to the eavesdropping node and the jamming signal sent by the drone to the eavesdropping node are obtained. The security rate of the second system is determined based on the difference between the capacity of the third channel and the capacity of the fourth channel.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The acquisition of the first system security rate and the second system security rate includes: Input the preset total power, the maximum transmission power value of the second node, and the maximum transmission power value of the UAV into the pre-built model to obtain the transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV; Based on the transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV, the security rate of the first system and the security rate of the second system are determined; Wherein, the first system security rate is the maximum system security rate when the UAV is used as a repeater, and the second system security rate is the maximum system security rate when the UAV is used as a jammer.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of inputting the preset total power, the maximum transmission power value of the second node, and the maximum transmission power value of the UAV into a pre-built model to obtain the transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV includes: Input the preset total power, the maximum transmit power value of the second node, and the maximum transmit power value of the UAV into the pre-built model; Using the transmission power of the second node and the transmission power of the UAV as particles, the model is solved using the particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the transmission power values ​​of the second node and the UAV.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: In the cognitive radio network, the priority of the data transmitted by each node is obtained. Obtain the maximum system security rate corresponding to each node; Based on the priority of the data and the maximum system confidentiality rate, the second node is scheduled to transmit data to the first node among the plurality of nodes.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second node is a node within the blockchain network; the second node is used to encapsulate the information of the second node into a block and broadcast it, and to reach a consensus through the blockchain network.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The nodes in the blockchain network are divided into y node groups, and each node group includes at least two nodes. The y node groups reach consensus using a first consensus mechanism, and each node group reaches consensus using a second consensus mechanism. The total energy consumption of the y node groups is less than the total energy consumption of the nodes in the blockchain network when they are divided into k node groups, where y is an integer greater than 1 and k is an integer greater than 0, and y and k are not equal. The total energy consumption of the y node groups includes the total energy consumption within each node group, as well as the energy consumed by the y node groups in reaching a consensus.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Each node group includes a master node determined based on node energy and reputation value; The y node groups reach a consensus through the master node of each node group; The blockchain network achieves consensus through the master node of each node group.

11. A data transmission method, characterized in that, Performed by a drone, the method includes: When the second node transmits data to the first node using a cognitive radio network and uses a drone for assisted transmission, it receives the role information of the drone sent by the first node. The role information is determined by the first node based on a first system security rate and a second system security rate. The first system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone is used as a repeater. The second system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone is used as a jammer. The first communication link is the communication link between the second node and the first node, and the second communication link is the communication link between the second node and the eavesdropping node. Based on the role information, perform operations corresponding to the role of the drone, wherein the role of the drone includes at least one of repeater and jammer.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The operation corresponding to the role of the drone includes: When the drone acts as a repeater, it receives data transmitted by the second node and forwards the received data to the first node. In the case where the drone acts as a jammer, it emits artificial noise generated by a pseudo-random sequence.

13. A data transmission device, characterized in that, Applied to the first node, the device includes: The first acquisition module is used to acquire a first system security rate and a second system security rate when the second node transmits data to the first node using a cognitive radio network and uses a drone for assisted transmission. The first system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a repeater. The second system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a jammer. The first communication link is the communication link between the second node and the first node, and the second communication link is the communication link between the second node and the eavesdropping node. The first determining module is used to determine the role of the UAV based on the first system security rate and the second system security rate; The sending module is used to send the drone's role information to the drone.

14. A data transmission device, characterized in that, The device, applied to drones, includes: The receiving module is configured to receive role information of a drone sent by the first node when the second node transmits data to the first node using a cognitive radio network and a drone is used for assisted transmission. The role information is determined by the first node based on a first system security rate and a second system security rate. The first system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a repeater. The second system security rate is the difference between the channel capacity of the first communication link and the second communication link when the drone acts as a jammer. The first communication link is the communication link between the second node and the first node, and the second communication link is the communication link between the second node and the eavesdropping node. An execution module is configured to perform operations corresponding to the role of the UAV based on the role information, wherein the role of the UAV includes at least one of repeater and jammer.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the data transmission method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, or implements the steps of the data transmission method as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 12.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the data transmission method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, or implements the steps of the data transmission method as described in any one of claims 11 to 12.

17. A computer program product, characterized in that, It includes computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the data transmission method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, or implement the steps of the data transmission method as described in any one of claims 11 to 12.

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