Soil moisture efficient utilization method and system applied to dry farming agricultural area

Abstract

The application provides a soil moisture efficient utilization method and system applied to dry farming agricultural areas, belongs to the technical field of ecological agriculture, and comprises the following steps: S10, obtaining relevant data in a target planting area, the relevant data comprising the topography of the target planting area; S20, carrying out site division on the target planting area based on the topography, comprising dividing at least five sites based on the center of the target planting area, and marking the site corresponding to the center as the center site; the remaining sites are divided in a manner surrounding the center site; and S30, obtaining the characteristic difference between the center site and the remaining sites. Through the innovative framework of "topographic zoning-dynamic monitoring-rate grading-root marking-environment linkage", the application constructs a dry farming agricultural area water resource efficient utilization system, which not only guarantees crop yield, but also significantly improves water resource utilization efficiency, and has important practical value for relieving the contradiction of agricultural water in arid areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological agriculture technology, and in particular to a method and system for efficient utilization of soil moisture in dryland farming areas. Background Technology

[0002] Effective use of soil moisture is crucial for agricultural production, but dryland farming areas often face challenges such as water scarcity and uneven rainfall distribution. Water scarcity has become a key factor restricting agricultural production in dryland farming areas.

[0003] To promote agricultural production in dryland farming areas, application number CN202510045477.X provides a method, device, and storage medium for precise irrigation prediction during the crop growing season in dryland areas. This technical solution includes: predicting soil-related indicators for the following day by acquiring soil parameters and weather forecasts; then using the predicted soil moisture content for the following day to predict the moisture content for the day after tomorrow, repeating this process. Simultaneously, the potential and actual transpiration rates of the crop are acquired daily. Using these daily potential and actual transpiration rates over a future period, the irrigation date is determined, and an early warning is issued for the irrigation date. This technical solution fully considers soil moisture conditions, weather conditions, and crop growth characteristics in predicting crop irrigation amounts, thus improving the accuracy of the prediction.

[0004] Another application, CN202410890711.4, provides a method for the sequential ecological and efficient utilization of dryland farmland in northern China. This technical solution applies ecological and economic principles, promoting an ecological agricultural development technology that prioritizes natural growth over natural processes. It involves the sequential planting and harvesting of accompanying wild vegetables such as wild mustard greens, wild garlic, dandelion, or amaranth with dryland grain crops like corn, sorghum, and soybeans. This method is beneficial for improving the utilization rate of land, light, heat, water, and air; promoting soil microbial reproduction; increasing crop rotation and yield; improving quality and efficiency; and protecting the environment.

[0005] However, dryland farming areas face multiple challenges, including large fluctuations in rainfall and poor soil water retention capacity. The aforementioned technical solutions often focus on a single aspect (such as irrigation), and inappropriate irrigation methods can easily lead to soil compaction and rising groundwater levels, hindering water conservation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more efficient method for soil moisture utilization in dryland farming areas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the field of existing ecological agriculture technology, the present invention is proposed.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this invention is to provide a method and system for efficient soil moisture utilization in dryland farming areas. Through an innovative framework of "topographic zoning - dynamic monitoring - rate classification - root tagging - environmental linkage", it constructs an efficient water resource utilization system for dryland farming areas, which not only ensures crop yield but also significantly improves water resource utilization efficiency, and has important practical value for alleviating the contradiction of agricultural water use in arid areas.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] On the one hand, the method for efficient soil moisture utilization applied in dryland farming areas includes the following steps:

[0010] S10: Obtain relevant data from the target planting area, including the topography of the target planting area;

[0011] S20: Divide the target planting area into locations based on the terrain, including dividing the target planting area into at least 5 locations based on the center of the target planting area, and marking the location corresponding to the center as the central location; the remaining locations include those divided in a manner surrounding the central location;

[0012] S30: Obtain the feature differences between the central location and the other locations, the feature differences including the topographic curvature of the other locations and the central location;

[0013] S40: In areas where the terrain curvature is inconsistent with the central area, the areas are divided into areas higher than the central area and areas lower than the central area, and a sensing module is deployed next to the target planting area to mark the areas with terrain curvature higher than the central area as monitoring areas.

[0014] S50: Soil moisture is collected at the central location, the monitoring location, and the location below the central location, and the correlation between the topographic curvature of each location and the change in soil moisture is analyzed. The soil moisture is the soil moisture at the root system of the crop.

[0015] S60: Analyze the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture changes in each location, including calculating the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture, based on the following formula:

[0016] ;in, This represents the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture, with a value range of [-1, 1].

[0017] In the formula, Indicates the first The topographic curvature value of each location; Indicates the first Soil moisture values ​​for each location; This represents the mean value of the terrain curvature. This represents the average soil moisture value. Indicates the number of samples;

[0018] like =0 indicates no linear correlation;

[0019] like A value greater than 0 indicates a positive correlation;

[0020] like <0 indicates a negative correlation;

[0021] S70: Based on the calculation results, distinguish between direct effects and indirect effects in the central location, monitoring location, and locations below the central location; the direct effect refers to the area in each location that will directly affect the water distribution due to the topographic curvature, and the indirect effect refers to the area in each location that will not directly affect the water distribution due to the topographic curvature.

[0022] S80: Implement differentiated irrigation strategies based on the differentiation results, including terrain modification to adjust the terrain curvature of the corresponding location;

[0023] S90: A threshold value for soil moisture is preset in the region corresponding to the direct effect. When the soil moisture is higher than the threshold value, the root system of the crop corresponding to the soil moisture is not irrigated; otherwise, it is irrigated.

[0024] S100: Predict rainfall in the target planting area, including generating a rainfall prediction model based on historical rainfall data of the area and combined with meteorological station data and / or remote sensing data of the area. The historical rainfall data is rainfall data of the area over the past 10 to 30 years.

[0025] S110: When irrigating the root system of crops corresponding to the soil moisture, if it is predicted that rainfall will occur in the area at a future time, the amount of irrigation water will be reduced; otherwise, it will not be reduced.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steps for obtaining the variation pattern of soil moisture at the root system of crops are as follows:

[0027] The soil moisture variation pattern is obtained based on a preset time period, which includes 1 to 2 hours.

[0028] Based on the obtained change patterns, the central area, monitoring area, and areas below the central area are divided into areas with low humidity rate decrease and areas with high humidity rate decrease.

[0029] A safety threshold is preset in the high humidity reduction rate zone. The safety threshold corresponds to the humidity reduction rate, which includes 1.2% / h. If the humidity reduction rate is the same as the safety threshold, irrigation is performed in the high humidity reduction rate zone. If the humidity reduction rate is lower than the safety threshold, irrigation is not performed.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rate of humidity decrease is calculated according to the following formula:

[0031] ;

[0032] In the formula, Indicates the rate of humidity decrease. , Indicates time and Soil volumetric water content at that time; This indicates a time interval, which can be 1 hour or 24 hours.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rate of humidity reduction further includes calculation based on the following formula:

[0034] ;

[0035] In the formula, Indicates the instantaneous rate of humidity decrease. This represents the soil moisture diffusion coefficient, 1 / h, and is related to soil texture. Indicates the saturated water content of the soil. This indicates the current soil moisture content.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if the rate of humidity reduction in the high-rate humidity reduction zone is the same as the safety threshold, the root system of the crop corresponding to the rate of humidity reduction being the same as the safety threshold is obtained, the location of the root system of the crop is obtained in the high-rate humidity reduction zone, and the location is irrigated preferentially; at the same time, the root system of the crop is marked as a reference root system.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following steps are taken: The characteristics of the rate of decrease in humidity of the reference root system are obtained, including the characteristic that the soil moisture content of the reference root system decreases to the same level as the safety threshold under saturated conditions; the time required for the soil moisture content of the reference root system to decrease to the same level as the safety threshold under saturated conditions is calculated; the time is divided into three equal-length time periods; in the second time period, if the decrease in soil moisture content of the reference root system shows an accelerating trend, it is determined that the rate of decrease in humidity of the reference root system will be the same as the safety threshold, and the reference root system is irrigated; otherwise, no determination is made.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following steps are taken: Factors corresponding to an accelerating trend in the decrease of soil moisture content relative to the reference root system are obtained, including ambient temperature and time corresponding to the ambient temperature; when the temperature of the target planting area is the same as the ambient temperature at a future time, the reference root system is irrigated; otherwise, irrigation is not performed.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil moisture content of the reference root system is preset and marked as the baseline soil moisture content; during the irrigation of the reference root system, the change in soil moisture content is collected, and if the soil moisture content is the same as the baseline soil moisture content, the irrigation of the reference root system is stopped.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S80, the differentiated irrigation strategy further includes setting a sprinkler pressure based on the root growth diameter of the crop, classifying the growth diameter into initial diameter, medium diameter, and large diameter; and adjusting the sprinkler pressure according to the classified growth diameter.

[0041] On the other hand, the present invention provides a system for a method of efficient soil moisture utilization applied in dryland agricultural areas as described above, comprising:

[0042] The data acquisition module is used to acquire relevant data of the target planting area, including the topography of the target planting area;

[0043] The data processing module is used to divide the target planting area into regions based on the terrain, including dividing the target planting area into at least 5 regions based on the center of the target planting area, and marking the region corresponding to the center as the central region; the remaining regions are divided in a manner surrounding the central region.

[0044] The feature extraction module obtains the feature differences between the central location and the other locations, including the topographic curvature of the other locations and the central location.

[0045] An irrigation control module, comprising a processing unit, a calculation unit, a differentiation unit, a prediction unit, and a water volume control unit;

[0046] The processing unit is used to classify the location into a location higher than the central location and a location lower than the central location in a location where the terrain curvature is inconsistent with the central location, and to deploy a sensing module next to the target planting area to mark the location with terrain curvature higher than the central location as the monitoring location.

[0047] The calculation unit is used to collect soil moisture data at the central location, the monitoring location, and locations below the central location, and analyze the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture changes at each location. The soil moisture refers to the soil moisture at the root zone of crops. The analysis of the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture changes at each location includes calculating the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture using the following formula:

[0048] ;in This represents the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture, with a value range of [-1, 1].

[0049] In the formula, Indicates the first The topographic curvature value of each location (such as the radius of curvature or the reciprocal of the radius of curvature). Indicates the first Soil moisture content (e.g., volumetric moisture content or mass moisture content) for each location. This represents the mean value of the terrain curvature. This represents the average soil moisture value. Indicates the number of samples; (i.e., the number of locations).

[0050] like =0 indicates no linear correlation;

[0051] like A value greater than 0 indicates a positive correlation;

[0052] like <0 indicates a negative correlation;

[0053] The distinguishing unit differentiates direct effects and indirect effects among the central location, the monitoring location, and the location below the central location based on the calculation results; the direct effect refers to the area in each location that will directly affect the water distribution due to the topographic curvature, and the indirect effect refers to the area in each location that will not directly affect the water distribution due to the topographic curvature.

[0054] The water control unit is used to implement differentiated irrigation strategies based on the differentiation results. The differentiated irrigation strategies include terrain modification to adjust the terrain curvature of the corresponding location; and preset a critical value for soil moisture in the area corresponding to the direct effect. When the soil moisture is higher than the critical value, the root system of the crop corresponding to the soil moisture is not irrigated; otherwise, irrigation is carried out.

[0055] The prediction unit is used to predict rainfall in the target planting area. This includes generating a rainfall prediction model based on historical rainfall data of the area and combining it with meteorological station data and / or remote sensing data of the area. The historical rainfall data is rainfall data of the area over the past 10 to 30 years. When irrigating the root system of crops corresponding to the soil moisture, if it is predicted that rainfall will occur in the area in the future, the amount of irrigation water will be reduced; otherwise, it will not be reduced. Beneficial effects

[0056] 1. This invention achieves accurate identification of soil moisture differences by dividing the location based on topography (central location, monitoring location, and location below the central location) and combining the characteristics of the topographic curvature of each location.

[0057] Furthermore, independent irrigation pipelines are laid for different locations to avoid "one-size-fits-all" irrigation, ensuring precise water supply to the areas in need and reducing ineffective irrigation; (in sloping farmland, the high slope position (monitoring location) can have its irrigation frequency increased due to strong evaporation and poor water retention; the low slope position (location below the center position) is prone to water accumulation, so irrigation can be reduced to avoid waterlogging).

[0058] By directly monitoring soil moisture around the crop roots, rather than the topsoil, the actual water requirements of the crop can be more accurately reflected. A soil moisture threshold is preset, and irrigation is automatically triggered when the moisture level is below the threshold and stopped when it is above the threshold, thus avoiding over-irrigation that could lead to nutrient loss or root hypoxia. (Experiments in dryland cornfields show that this method can reduce irrigation by 20% to 30% while maintaining or increasing yield.)

[0059] The area is divided into a low-humidity-rate-decline zone (good water retention) and a high-humidity-rate-decline zone (prone to drought). A safety threshold (e.g., 1.2% / h) is preset for the high-humidity-rate zone. When the humidity decrease rate in the high-humidity-rate zone reaches the safety threshold, irrigation is carried out immediately to prevent crop damage due to short-term water shortage. If it is below the threshold, irrigation is temporarily suspended to conserve water resources. (During the wheat jointing stage, the high-humidity-rate zone is prone to water shortage due to vigorous transpiration. This mechanism can provide an early warning and irrigation 1-2 days in advance to avoid yield reduction.)

[0060] By identifying key root systems, roots whose humidity reduction rate matches the safety threshold are marked as reference roots and their areas are given priority for irrigation. By analyzing the time it takes for the soil moisture content of the reference roots to drop from saturation to the safety threshold, the system is divided into three time periods. If the moisture content decreases faster in the second time period, irrigation is initiated earlier. This method, which combines ambient temperature and time data, automatically triggers irrigation when the future temperature matches the temperature at which the reference roots accelerate their decline, thus improving the scientific nature of decision-making.

[0061] During irrigation, soil moisture is monitored in real time, and the process is stopped immediately once the baseline value is reached to prevent deep water seepage or surface runoff. (According to calculations, this method can reduce the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution, and reduce nitrate leaching caused by excessive irrigation by 15% to 25%).

[0062] This invention is applicable to non-uniform terrains such as hills and slopes. By dividing the area and deploying the sensing modules, it can overcome the limitations of traditional methods in complex terrains. Attached Figure Description

[0063] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0064] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the modular structure of a soil moisture high-efficiency utilization system applied in dryland farming areas according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] The diagram is labeled as follows: 110 - Data acquisition module; 120 - Data processing module; 130 - Feature extraction module; 140 - Irrigation control module; 1401 - Processing unit; 1402 - Calculation unit; 1403 - Differentiation unit; 1404 - Prediction unit; 1405 - Water volume control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] Because existing technologies often focus on a single aspect (such as irrigation) and the irrigation methods are unreasonable, they can easily lead to problems such as soil compaction and rising groundwater levels, which is not conducive to water conservation.

[0069] Based on this, the present invention proposes a method and system for efficient soil moisture utilization in dryland farming areas. Through an innovative framework of "topographic zoning - dynamic monitoring - rate classification - root labeling", it constructs an efficient water resource utilization system for dryland farming areas, which not only ensures crop yield but also significantly improves water resource utilization efficiency, and has important practical value for alleviating the contradiction of agricultural water use in arid areas.

[0070] The present solution will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0071] Reference Figures 1 to 2 This is one embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method for efficient soil moisture utilization in dryland agricultural areas, comprising the following steps:

[0072] S10: Obtain relevant data from the target planting area, including the topography of the target planting area;

[0073] S20: Divide the target planting area into locations based on topography, including dividing the target planting area into at least 5 locations based on the center of the target planting area, and marking the location corresponding to the center as the central location; the remaining locations include those divided in a manner surrounding the central location.

[0074] S30: Obtain the characteristic differences between the central location and the other locations, including the topographic curvature of the other locations and the central location;

[0075] S40: In areas where the terrain curvature is inconsistent with that of the central area, the area is divided into areas above the central area and areas below the central area. Sensing modules are deployed next to the target planting area to mark the areas with terrain curvature higher than that of the central area as monitoring areas.

[0076] In this embodiment, the sensing module includes a rain sensor;

[0077] In reality, dryland farming relies on tap water for irrigation. Even when there is rainfall, the rainfall distribution is uneven and the intensity fluctuates greatly. Rain sensors can monitor the amount, intensity and duration of rainfall in real time to help farmers determine whether to supplement tap water for irrigation or suspend irrigation, so as to avoid excessive water use or drought losses.

[0078] Furthermore, by monitoring rainfall, the contribution rate of natural precipitation to crop water requirements can be calculated, reducing unnecessary tap water irrigation and meeting the requirements of water-saving agriculture.

[0079] Rain sensors include tipping bucket rain gauges and capacitive / piezoelectric sensors;

[0080] When deploying the sensors, choose flat, unobstructed fields to avoid trees interfering with rainfall monitoring; or distribute the sensors on slopes or in large fields according to elevation or aspect to capture spatial differences in precipitation.

[0081] In summary, from S10 to S40, by collecting topographic data (such as slope and elevation) of the target planting area, at least 5 locations are divided based on the center point, including 1 central location and several surrounding locations.

[0082] Based on the topographic curvature of the location and the central location, it is further divided into monitoring locations above the central location and areas below the central location;

[0083] Its technical effects and advantages are as follows:

[0084] It can be precisely adapted to the terrain, solving the problem of the "one-size-fits-all" approach of traditional irrigation. It is especially suitable for uneven terrains such as hills and slopes, avoiding uneven water distribution caused by differences in terrain.

[0085] Furthermore, by dividing the area, sensor modules and irrigation pipelines can be deployed in a targeted manner, reducing the investment in redundant equipment;

[0086] Experiments have shown that in sloping cornfields, high-curvature slopes (monitoring areas) have strong evaporation and poor water retention, so water shortage risks can be detected early through independent monitoring. Meanwhile, low-curvature slopes (areas below the center) are prone to water accumulation, so irrigation frequency can be reduced.

[0087] S50: Soil moisture was collected at the central location, monitoring location, and locations below the central location, and the correlation between the topographic curvature of each location and the change in soil moisture was analyzed. Soil moisture refers to the soil moisture at the root system of crops.

[0088] S60: Analyze the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture changes in each location, including calculating the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture, based on the following formula:

[0089] ;in, This represents the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture, with a value range of [-1, 1].

[0090] In the formula, Indicates the first The topographic curvature value of each location (such as the radius of curvature or the reciprocal of the radius of curvature). Indicates the first Soil moisture content (e.g., volumetric moisture content or mass moisture content) for each location. This represents the mean value of the terrain curvature. This represents the average soil moisture value. Indicates the number of samples; (i.e., the number of locations).

[0091] like =0 indicates no linear correlation;

[0092] like A value greater than 0 indicates a positive correlation;

[0093] like <0 indicates a negative correlation;

[0094] S70: Based on the calculation results, distinguish between direct and indirect effects in the central location, monitoring location, and locations below the central location; direct effects are areas in each location that will directly affect water distribution due to topographic curvature, while indirect effects are areas in each location that will not directly affect water distribution due to topographic curvature.

[0095] S80: Implement differentiated irrigation strategies based on the differentiation results. These strategies include terrain modification to adjust the curvature of the corresponding location.

[0096] S90: A critical value for soil moisture is preset in the area corresponding to the direct effect. When the soil moisture is higher than the critical value, the root system of the crop corresponding to the soil moisture is not irrigated; otherwise, it is irrigated.

[0097] S100: Predict rainfall in the target planting area, including generating a rainfall prediction model based on historical rainfall data of the area and combined with meteorological station data and / or remote sensing data of the area. The historical rainfall data is rainfall data of the area over the past 10 to 30 years.

[0098] S110: When irrigating the root system of crops that correspond to soil moisture, if rainfall is predicted to occur in the area at a future time, the amount of irrigation water shall be reduced; otherwise, it shall not be reduced.

[0099] Soil moisture at the root zone of crops is collected using soil moisture sensors;

[0100] In dryland farming areas, the soil moisture at the root system of crops usually differs from the overall soil moisture in the planting area. The degree of difference is affected by many factors such as soil properties, crop type, irrigation method and meteorological conditions.

[0101] For example, crop roots are unevenly distributed in the soil (such as corn roots, which are mainly distributed in the 0-40 cm soil layer), and the humidity of densely rooted areas is lower than that of the surrounding soil due to continuous water absorption.

[0102] Leaf transpiration creates negative pressure through the xylem vessels, causing soil moisture around the roots to move faster toward the root surface, forming a local humidity gradient.

[0103] Related cases show that in the potato planting area of ​​Dingxi, Gansu, actual measurements show that the soil moisture content on the ridges (non-root zone) is 15% to 20% higher than that in the furrows (dense root zone).

[0104] Meanwhile, in dryland farming areas, sandy soils have high permeability, and the difference in humidity between the root zone and the overall soil is small; clay soils have high water retention, and water absorption by the roots may lead to a significant decrease in local humidity.

[0105] Furthermore, uneven distribution of soil aggregates, cracks, or biological pores can alter water movement pathways, causing differences in humidity between the root zone and the surrounding area.

[0106] Research data shows that in the dryland loess region of Ningxia, the soil moisture content in the 0-30 cm soil layer, where the root system is dense, is 8%-12% lower than that in the rootless area, and the difference decreases with increasing soil depth.

[0107] Furthermore, the unevenness of irrigation and precipitation infiltration is also one of the influencing factors;

[0108] For example, in dryland cornfields in Yulin, Shaanxi, the soil moisture content in the root zone was 25% higher under drip irrigation than under flood irrigation, but the humidity between rows was 10% lower.

[0109] Therefore, collecting soil moisture data at the root zone of crops is of practical significance; it helps to balance the moisture in the root zone with the overall moisture content, thereby achieving efficient water resource utilization and stable and high crop yields, and providing key decision support for dryland agriculture.

[0110] Collect soil moisture at the crop root zone (not the surface soil) and preset a moisture threshold;

[0111] Irrigation stops when humidity is above a critical value and is triggered when it is below a critical value.

[0112] This accurately reflects crop needs, as root zone moisture is directly related to the crop's water absorption capacity, avoiding the misleading nature of surface soil moisture monitoring.

[0113] For example, irrigation is unnecessary when the surface layer is dry but the root system is moist, thus reducing water waste.

[0114] The critical value control mechanism can adjust irrigation strategies in real time to prevent crops from being damaged by short-term water shortages.

[0115] An experiment in a wheat field showed that this method can reduce ineffective irrigation by 15%-20%;

[0116] It should be emphasized that the critical value can be dynamically adjusted according to crop variety and growth stage, and is applicable to a variety of dryland crops (such as corn and millet).

[0117] It should be noted that the rainfall prediction model includes historical rainfall data, meteorological station data and remote sensing data as input data, and rainfall prediction, rainfall probability prediction and rainfall type classification as output data.

[0118] Rainfall types are classified into convective precipitation and stratiform cloud precipitation;

[0119] It should be noted that "future time" refers to within 3 hours.

[0120] Reducing the amount of water used for irrigation means reducing the amount of water used for irrigation to half or two-thirds of the original amount.

[0121] The steps to obtain the variation pattern of soil moisture at the root system of crops are as follows:

[0122] The soil moisture variation pattern is obtained based on a preset time period, which includes 1 to 2 hours.

[0123] It should be noted that, in one feasible implementation scheme, to obtain the pattern of change, the water content of the root zone (0-30 cm) is measured every hour using a portable soil moisture meter, and the monitoring is carried out continuously for 24 hours to calculate the daily variation.

[0124] It is also possible to analyze the trend of humidity decline by uploading data every 2 hours through wireless sensor networks, such as deploying LoRa or NB-IoT sensors;

[0125] Based on the obtained change patterns, the central area, monitoring area, and areas below the central area are divided into areas with low humidity rate decrease and areas with high humidity rate decrease.

[0126] A safety threshold is preset in the high humidity reduction zone. The safety threshold corresponds to the humidity reduction rate, which includes 1.2% / h. If the humidity reduction rate is the same as the safety threshold, irrigation is carried out in the high humidity reduction zone. If the humidity reduction rate is lower than the safety threshold, irrigation is not carried out.

[0127] It should be noted that in the same field in dryland farming areas, the soil moisture at the root system of crops usually changes significantly over time, and the pattern of change is affected by multiple factors such as crop growth stage, meteorological conditions, soil properties (sandy soil, clay soil and loam, with loam being between sandy soil and clay soil) and agronomic management measures.

[0128] Regarding soil properties, for example, in an experiment in Dingxi, Gansu, the humidity decrease rate in the maize root zone of sandy soil reached 1.2% / h on a sunny day, while it was only 0.4% / h in clay soil;

[0129] Soil properties also include soil structure. Soils with good aggregate structure (such as the topsoil) can slow down water evaporation, and the rate of moisture loss is 20% to 30% lower than that of compacted soil.

[0130] The water requirements of crops vary greatly at different growth stages, causing the root water absorption intensity to fluctuate over time, which in turn changes the soil moisture.

[0131] Among them, during the seedling stage, crops have shallow roots and weak water absorption capacity, and the soil moisture decreases more slowly.

[0132] For example, the daily water consumption of spring wheat seedlings (from emergence to tillering) is only 0.5–1.0 mm, and the daily decrease in soil moisture content in the root zone is less than 1%.

[0133] During critical water-demand periods (such as flowering and grain-filling stages), the root system grows rapidly and water absorption reaches its peak, while soil moisture drops sharply.

[0134] During the mature stage, root vitality declines, water absorption decreases, and soil moisture tends to stabilize or slightly increase due to rainfall.

[0135] In this embodiment, based on the soil moisture change pattern over 1-2 hours, the area is divided into a low-rate decrease zone (good water retention) and a high-rate decrease zone (prone to drought).

[0136] Preset a safety threshold (e.g., 1.2% / h) for high-rate areas, and irrigate immediately when the rate reaches the threshold;

[0137] High-yield areas are prone to water shortage in a short period of time due to vigorous transpiration or poor soil water retention. By controlling the threshold, early warnings can be given 1-2 days in advance and irrigation can be carried out to avoid yield reduction.

[0138] Low-rate areas, due to their good water retention, can reduce irrigation frequency and conserve water resources.

[0139] For example, clay soil areas have slow drainage and a low rate of moisture loss, so they do not require frequent irrigation.

[0140] The rate of humidity decrease is calculated using the following formula:

[0141] ;

[0142] In the formula, Indicates the rate of humidity decrease. , Indicates time and Soil volumetric water content at that time; This indicates a time interval, which can be either 1 hour or 24 hours.

[0143] This calculation formula is applicable to short-term (<24 hours) monitoring when soil moisture changes are approximately linear (e.g., surface soil during a sunny day).

[0144] For example, in a sandy cornfield, the moisture content is 18% at 10:00 AM and drops to 14% at 2:00 PM. Then:

[0145] ;

[0146] The rate of humidity decrease also includes calculations based on the following formula:

[0147] ;

[0148] In the formula, Indicates the instantaneous rate of humidity decrease. This represents the soil moisture diffusion coefficient, 1 / h, and is related to soil texture. Indicates the saturated water content of the soil. This indicates the current soil moisture content;

[0149] In this embodiment, the calculation formula is applicable to long-term (>7 days) monitoring when soil moisture decreases non-linearly due to evaporation and crop water absorption (such as clay soil).

[0150] Of the two calculation formulas above, the first formula calculates two time points ( and The difference in soil volumetric water content between () - ) and time interval ( The average rate of humidity decrease is obtained from the ratio of the ground value.

[0151] Its applications include dividing areas with low humidity reduction rates (good water retention) and high humidity reduction rates (prone to drought); and determining whether an overall area needs irrigation (e.g., setting the safety threshold to 1.2% / h).

[0152] Its features include simple calculation and suitability for long-term trend analysis (such as 1-hour or 24-hour intervals).

[0153] It reflects the average change over a period of time, which may mask instantaneous fluctuations;

[0154] The second formula calculates the instantaneous humidity reduction rate using the soil moisture diffusion coefficient, soil saturation moisture content, and current moisture content.

[0155] Its application scenario is to predict the future humidity change trend of the reference root system (such as judging whether the humidity will decrease faster).

[0156] In addition, the timing of irrigation should be optimized by taking into account ambient temperature and time factors;

[0157] Its characteristic is that it reflects instantaneous dynamic changes and is suitable for short-term forecasting (such as minute-level or hour-level forecasts).

[0158] The first formula provides macro-trend judgment for location classification and irrigation triggering conditions (such as safety thresholds).

[0159] The second formula provides micro-dynamic predictions for precise irrigation timing decisions (such as judging an accelerating downward trend).

[0160] In real-world scenarios, based on existing research, in areas with high humidity and a rapid rate of decrease, the first formula is used to determine whether the overall rate exceeds the threshold, and the second formula is used to predict whether the rate of decrease will accelerate in the next 1-2 hours, thereby deciding whether to irrigate immediately.

[0161] In the first formula and This data can be obtained through long-term monitoring, providing basic data for the second formula, such as current soil moisture content;

[0162] The soil texture parameters and saturated water content in the second formula can help optimize the safety threshold setting in the first formula (the threshold needs to be adjusted for different soil types).

[0163] The two technologies are coordinated, with the first formula ensuring the universality of irrigation decisions (adapting to different terrains and locations) and avoiding over-irrigation or under-irrigation.

[0164] The second formula improves the accuracy of irrigation decisions (capturing instantaneous changes), and is especially suitable for critical root systems or sensitive growth stages (such as the crop jointing stage).

[0165] In reality, based on the examples studied, during the wheat jointing stage, after the first formula determines that a certain location is a high-rate reduction zone, the second formula can further analyze whether the reference root system will lose water faster due to high temperature in the next 2 hours, thus prompting early irrigation.

[0166] Therefore, the two formulas construct a quantitative analysis system for soil moisture changes from both macroscopic trend and microscopic dynamic dimensions:

[0167] The first formula is the "basic framework" for irrigation decisions, addressing the question of "whether irrigation is needed";

[0168] The second formula is a "precision tool" for irrigation decisions, addressing the question of "when is irrigation most effective";

[0169] The combination of the two formulas not only ensures the efficiency of water resource utilization in dryland farming areas, but also enhances the resilience of crops to drought risks.

[0170] In the high-rate humidity reduction zone, if the rate of humidity reduction is the same as the safety threshold, the root system of the crop corresponding to the same rate of reduction as the safety threshold is obtained. The location of the crop root system in the high-rate humidity reduction zone is obtained, and the location is irrigated first. At the same time, the crop root system is marked as the reference root system.

[0171] The characteristics of the rate of decrease in humidity of the reference root system are obtained. These characteristics include the characteristics of the soil moisture content of the reference root system decreasing to the same level as the safety threshold under saturation. The time required for the soil moisture content of the reference root system to decrease to the same level as the safety threshold under saturation is calculated. The time is divided into three equal time periods. In the second time period, if the decrease in soil moisture content of the reference root system shows an accelerating trend, it is determined that the rate of decrease in humidity of the reference root system will be the same as the safety threshold, and the reference root system is irrigated; otherwise, no determination is made.

[0172] Root systems whose humidity reduction rate matches the safety threshold are marked as reference root systems, and their areas are given priority for irrigation.

[0173] By analyzing the time it takes for the soil moisture content of the reference root system to rise from saturation to a safe threshold, three time periods are divided; if the moisture content decreases more rapidly in the second time period, irrigation is carried out in advance.

[0174] Since the root system is usually the main part of the crop that absorbs water, prioritizing irrigation can ensure the crop's core growth needs.

[0175] By segmenting time periods and identifying acceleration trends, water shortage risks can be detected in advance, preventing yield reductions caused by delayed irrigation.

[0176] For example, timely irrigation during the wheat jointing stage, when the root system declines rapidly, can increase the number of grains per ear;

[0177] This data-driven decision-making mechanism reduces the subjectivity of experience-based judgments;

[0178] The factors corresponding to the accelerated decrease in soil moisture content relative to the reference root system were identified. These factors included ambient temperature and the time elapsed corresponding to that ambient temperature. If the temperature in the target planting area matches the ambient temperature at a future time, the reference root system was irrigated; otherwise, irrigation was not performed.

[0179] The soil moisture level is preset for the reference root system and marked as the baseline soil moisture level. During the irrigation of the reference root system, the change in soil moisture is collected. If the soil moisture level is the same as the baseline soil moisture level, the irrigation of the reference root system is stopped.

[0180] By combining ambient temperature and time data, irrigation is automatically triggered when the future temperature matches the temperature at which the root system accelerates its decline; at the same time, a preset benchmark soil moisture level is established, and irrigation stops immediately after the benchmark value is reached.

[0181] Temperature is a key factor affecting soil evaporation and crop transpiration. By linking temperature to soil conditions, crop water requirements can be predicted more accurately.

[0182] For example, irrigation can be carried out in advance during hot weather to prevent crops from running out of water due to excessive transpiration.

[0183] Baseline soil moisture control can prevent deep water seepage or surface runoff, and reduce nutrient loss. It is estimated that precise cessation of irrigation can reduce water waste by 10%-15%.

[0184] It should be noted that this mechanism can be combined with IoT sensors to achieve remote monitoring and automated decision-making, and those skilled in the art know how to use it, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0185] In S80, the differentiated irrigation strategy also includes a preset irrigation strategy, which includes preset irrigation pressure based on the growth diameter of the crop's root system, classifying the growth diameter into initial diameter, medium diameter, and large diameter; and adjusting the irrigation pressure according to the classified growth diameter.

[0186] In this embodiment, the irrigation pressure is adjusted according to the differentiated growth diameter. The adjustment method includes setting the irrigation pressure corresponding to the large diameter to 60%, the irrigation pressure corresponding to the medium diameter to 40%, and the irrigation pressure corresponding to the initial diameter to 20%.

[0187] In the initial diameter stage (20% pressure), because the root system is shallow and has a small distribution range during the seedling stage, low-pressure sprinkler irrigation can ensure that water only penetrates to the shallow soil layer (e.g., 10-20cm), preventing deep seepage. For example, the root system of corn seedlings is about 15cm deep. If high-pressure irrigation is used, water may seep down to below 50cm, resulting in 30%-50% water loss.

[0188] At the medium diameter stage (40% pressure), as the root system begins to expand laterally, moderately increasing the pressure (such as penetrating to 30-40cm) can meet the water absorption needs of the branching roots while preventing water from accumulating outside the root zone.

[0189] Furthermore, low-pressure sprinkler irrigation produces smaller water droplets (e.g., 0.5-1mm; high-pressure sprinkler irrigation produces 2-3mm), which reduces the surface area to volume ratio and decreases the evaporation rate by about 15%-20%. This can significantly save water in arid areas or during high-temperature periods (e.g., midday in summer).

[0190] Meanwhile, in the initial diameter stage, low-pressure sprinkler irrigation simulates a "drizzle" environment to avoid high-pressure water droplets impacting the stems and leaves of seedlings (which may cause mechanical damage or lodging), while inducing the root system to grow towards the water distribution area (shallow layer), forming a "dense root system on the surface", which improves the absorption efficiency of nutrients on the surface.

[0191] During the medium diameter stage, moderate pressure promotes the downward extension of the root system (e.g., the root depth of wheat can reach 40cm during the tillering stage), enhancing drought resistance. Studies have shown that staged pressure irrigation can increase wheat root biomass by 12%-18%.

[0192] During the large-diameter stage, high-pressure irrigation (60% pressure) ensures that water penetrates to the maximum root depth throughout the entire growth period of the crop (e.g., the root system of corn can reach 1.5m during the tasseling stage), meeting the high water consumption requirements of the reproductive growth stage.

[0193] Furthermore, low-pressure sprinkler irrigation reduces soil surface compaction (high-pressure water impact easily leads to soil particle compaction), maintains porosity above 50%, and promotes root respiration and microbial activity. For example, when cotton seedlings are irrigated with 20% pressure, soil bulk density is reduced by 0.1-0.15 g / cm³, and root vitality is increased by 25%.

[0194] Meanwhile, the absorption of nutrients by crops mainly relies on the "mass flow" and "diffusion" generated by the roots absorbing water. The staged sprinkler pressure can ensure that water and nutrients reach the root active zone simultaneously.

[0195] In the initial stage, low pressure concentrates fertilizer (such as nitrogen fertilizer) in the shallow layer (0-20cm), consistent with the distribution of seedling roots, reducing nitrate nitrogen leaching (high-pressure irrigation may cause more than 30% of nitrogen to be lost to the deeper layers).

[0196] During the large-diameter stage, high-pressure irrigation pushes nutrients to deeper layers (such as 60-100cm) to meet the potassium fertilizer requirements of corn during the large-tapered stage (at which time the root system absorbs 40% of the potassium during the entire growth period).

[0197] Furthermore, low-pressure sprinkler irrigation reduces sudden changes in soil solution concentration (high-pressure irrigation may lead to local increases in soil solution concentration, causing "root burn" or nutrient fixation). For example, under high pressure, phosphate fertilizer is prone to combine with calcium and iron to form insoluble compounds, while staged irrigation can increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer by 8%-12%.

[0198] Based on the above, this application achieves precise management and efficient utilization of water resources in dryland farming areas through an innovative framework of "terrain adaptation, dynamic monitoring, rate classification, root marking, and environmental linkage".

[0199] This embodiment, in conjunction with the above-mentioned method for efficient soil moisture utilization applied in dryland farming areas, also proposes a working system for this method, as follows:

[0200] Data acquisition module 110 is used to acquire relevant data of the target planting area, including the topography of the target planting area;

[0201] The data processing module 120 is used to divide the target planting area into locations based on the terrain, including dividing at least 5 locations based on the center of the target planting area, marking the location corresponding to the center as the central location; the remaining locations are divided in a manner surrounding the central location.

[0202] The feature extraction module 130 obtains the feature differences between the central location and the other locations, including the topographic curvature of the other locations and the central location.

[0203] The irrigation control module 140 includes a processing unit 1401, a calculation unit 1402, a differentiation unit 1403, a prediction unit 1404, and a water volume control unit 1405.

[0204] The processing unit 1401 is used to divide the location into a location higher than the central location and a location lower than the central location in a location where the terrain curvature is inconsistent with the central location, and to deploy a sensing module next to the target planting area to mark the location with terrain curvature higher than the central location as the monitoring location.

[0205] The calculation unit 1402 is used to collect soil moisture data at the central location, monitoring location, and locations below the central location, and analyze the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture changes at each location. Soil moisture refers to the soil moisture at the root zone of crops. The analysis of the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture changes at each location includes calculating the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture using the following formula:

[0206] ;in, This represents the correlation between topographic curvature and soil moisture, with a value range of [-1, 1].

[0207] In the formula, Indicates the first The topographic curvature value of each location (such as the radius of curvature or the reciprocal of the radius of curvature). Indicates the first Soil moisture content (e.g., volumetric moisture content or mass moisture content) for each location. This represents the mean value of the terrain curvature. This represents the average soil moisture value. Indicates the number of samples; (i.e., the number of locations).

[0208] like =0 indicates no linear correlation;

[0209] like A value greater than 0 indicates a positive correlation;

[0210] like <0 indicates a negative correlation;

[0211] Based on the calculation results, the differentiation unit 1403 distinguishes between direct and indirect effects in the central location, the monitoring location, and the location below the central location. Direct effects are areas in each location that are directly affected by topographic curvature, while indirect effects are areas in each location that are not directly affected by topographic curvature.

[0212] The water control unit 1404 is used to implement differentiated irrigation strategies based on the differentiation results. The differentiated irrigation strategies include terrain modification to adjust the terrain curvature of the corresponding location; and preset a critical value for soil moisture in the area corresponding to the direct effect. When the soil moisture is higher than the critical value, the root system of the crop corresponding to the soil moisture is not irrigated; otherwise, irrigation is carried out.

[0213] The prediction unit 1405 is used to predict rainfall in the target planting area. This includes generating a rainfall prediction model based on historical rainfall data of the area and combining it with meteorological station data and / or remote sensing data of the area. The historical rainfall data is rainfall data of the area over the past 10 to 30 years. When irrigating the root system of crops corresponding to soil moisture, if it is predicted that rainfall will occur in the area in the future, the amount of irrigation water will be reduced; otherwise, it will not be reduced.

[0214] In summary, this invention constructs an efficient water resource utilization system for dryland farming areas through an innovative framework of "topographic zoning, dynamic monitoring, rate grading, root tagging, and environmental linkage." This system not only ensures crop yields but also significantly improves water resource utilization efficiency, and has important practical value for alleviating agricultural water use conflicts in arid regions.

[0215] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficient use of soil moisture in rainfed agricultural areas, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S10: obtaining relevant data of the target planting area, wherein the relevant data comprises topography of the target planting area; S20: dividing the target planting area into different locations based on the topography, wherein the target planting area is divided into at least five locations based on the center of the target planting area, and the location corresponding to the center is marked as the center location; the remaining locations are divided in a manner surrounding the center location; S30: obtaining feature differences between the center location and the remaining locations, wherein the feature differences comprise topographic curvature of the remaining locations and the center location; S40: in the locations with inconsistent topographic curvature with the center location, the locations are divided into locations higher than the center location and locations lower than the center location, and a sensing module is arranged beside the target planting area, and the locations with higher topographic curvature than the center location are marked as monitoring locations; S50: collecting soil moisture at the center location, the monitoring locations and the locations lower than the center location, and analyzing the correlation between the topographic curvature of each location and the change of soil moisture, wherein the soil moisture is the soil moisture at the root system of crops; S60: analyzing the correlation between the topographic curvature of each location and the change of soil moisture, comprising calculating the correlation between the topographic curvature and the soil moisture, and calculating according to the following formula: ; wherein, represents the correlation between the terrain curvature and the soil moisture, and the value range is [-1, 1]; wherein, denotes the terrain curvature value of the first location, denotes the soil moisture value of the first location, denotes the mean value of the terrain curvature values, denotes the mean value of the soil moisture values, denotes the number of samples; If = 0, then it indicates no linear correlation; If > 0, indicates a positive correlation; If <0 indicates a negative correlation. S70: according to the calculation result, the direct effect and the indirect effect are distinguished in the center location, the monitoring locations and the locations lower than the center location; the direct effect is the area in each location which directly affects water distribution due to topographic curvature, and the indirect effect is the area in each location which does not directly affect water distribution due to topographic curvature; S80: differentiating irrigation strategies according to the distinguished results, wherein the differentiated irrigation strategies comprise topographic modification to adjust the topographic curvature of the corresponding location; S90: presetting a critical value of the soil moisture in the area corresponding to the direct effect, and when the soil moisture is higher than the critical value, the root system of crops corresponding to the soil moisture is not irrigated; otherwise, irrigation is performed; S100: predicting rainfall in the area where the target planting area is located, comprising generating a rainwater prediction model according to historical rainfall data of the area, meteorological station data and / or remote sensing data of the area, and the historical rainfall data is 10-30 years of rainfall data of the area; S110: when irrigating the root system of crops corresponding to the soil moisture, if it is predicted that rainfall will occur in the area at a future time, the water quantity of irrigation is reduced; otherwise, the water quantity of irrigation is not reduced.

2. The method for efficient use of soil moisture in rainfed agricultural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The change rule of the soil moisture at the root system of crops is obtained, and the obtaining steps are as follows: The change rule of the soil moisture is obtained according to a preset time period as a cycle, and the preset time period comprises 1-2 hours; The center location, the monitoring locations and the locations lower than the center location are divided according to the obtained change rule, comprising dividing into a humidity low-rate reduction area and a humidity high-rate reduction area; A safety threshold is preset in the high humidity rate decreasing area, the safety threshold corresponds to a humidity decreasing rate, and the decreasing rate includes 1.2% / h; if the humidity decreasing rate is the same as the safety threshold, irrigation is performed in the high humidity rate decreasing area; if the humidity decreasing rate is lower than the safety threshold, irrigation is not performed.

3. The method for efficient use of soil moisture in rainfed agricultural areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The humidity decreasing rate is calculated according to the following formula: ； wherein represents the rate of decrease in humidity, , represents time and the soil volume water content at time t; represents the time interval, which is taken to be 1 hour or 24 hours.

4. The method for efficient use of soil moisture in rainfed agricultural areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The humidity decreasing rate is also calculated according to the following formula: ； wherein represents the instantaneous rate of humidity decrease, represents the soil water diffusion coefficient, 1 / h, related to the soil texture, represents the soil saturated water content, represents the current soil water content.

5. The method for efficient use of soil moisture in rainfed agricultural areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the high humidity rate decreasing area, if the humidity decreasing rate is the same as the safety threshold, the root system of the crop corresponding to the same humidity decreasing rate and the safety threshold is obtained, the position where the root system of the crop is located in the high humidity rate decreasing area is obtained, and the position is preferentially irrigated; meanwhile, the root system of the crop is marked as a reference root system.

6. The method for efficient use of soil moisture in rainfed agricultural areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The feature of the humidity decreasing rate of the reference root system includes the feature that the water content of the soil of the reference root system decreases to the same as the safety threshold in a saturated state, the time length required for the water content of the soil of the reference root system to decrease to the same as the safety threshold in a saturated state is calculated, the time length is divided into three time lengths, in the second time length, if the decreasing of the water content of the soil of the reference root system shows an accelerating trend, it is determined that the humidity decreasing rate of the reference root system will be the same as the safety threshold, and the reference root system is irrigated; otherwise, it is not determined.

7. The method for efficient use of soil moisture in rainfed agricultural areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The factor corresponding to the accelerating trend of the decreasing of the water content of the soil of the reference root system includes the environmental temperature and the time corresponding to the environmental temperature; when the temperature of the target planting area at a future time is the same as the environmental temperature, the reference root system is irrigated; Otherwise, irrigation is not performed.

8. The method for efficient use of soil moisture in rainfed agricultural areas according to claim 7, characterized in that, A soil humidity about the reference root system is preset, the soil humidity is marked as a reference soil humidity; the change of the soil humidity is collected during the irrigation of the reference root system, if the soil humidity is the same as the reference soil humidity, the irrigation of the reference root system is stopped.

9. The method for efficient use of soil moisture in rainfed agricultural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S80, the differentiated irrigation strategy further includes presetting a sprinkling irrigation pressure according to the growth diameter of the root system of the crop, dividing the growth diameter into an initial diameter, a medium diameter and a large diameter; and adjusting the sprinkling irrigation pressure according to the divided growth diameter.

10. The system for applying the method of efficient use of soil moisture in the rainfed agricultural area as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the related data of the target planting area, and the related data includes the topography of the target planting area; The data processing module is used to divide the target planting area according to the topography, including dividing at least five areas based on the center of the target planting area, and marking the area corresponding to the center as the center area; the remaining areas are divided in a manner surrounding the center area; The feature extraction module obtains the feature difference between the center area and the remaining areas, and the feature difference includes the topographic curvature of the remaining areas and the center area; The irrigation control module includes a processing unit, a calculation unit, a division unit, a prediction unit and a water quantity control unit; The processing unit is configured to divide the area into an area higher than the central area and an area lower than the central area in the area where the terrain curvature is inconsistent with the central area, and to arrange a sensing module beside the target planting area, and to mark the area with terrain curvature higher than the central area as a monitoring area; The computing unit is configured to collect soil moisture in the central area, the monitoring area and the area lower than the central area, and analyze the correlation between the terrain curvature and the change of the soil moisture in each area, and the soil moisture is the soil moisture at the root system of the crops; the analysis of the correlation between the terrain curvature and the change of the soil moisture in each area includes correlation calculation of the terrain curvature and the soil moisture, and the calculation is based on the following formula: ; wherein, represents the correlation between the terrain curvature and the soil moisture, and the value range is [-1, 1]; wherein, represents a terrain curvature value for a th location, represents a soil moisture value for a th location, represents a mean value of terrain curvature values, represents a mean value of soil moisture values, represents a number of samples; If = 0, then it indicates no linear correlation; If > 0, indicates a positive correlation; If <0 indicates a negative correlation; The dividing unit is configured to divide the direct effect and the indirect effect in the central area, the monitoring area and the area lower than the central area according to the calculation result; the direct effect is the area in each area that directly affects the water distribution due to the terrain curvature, and the indirect effect is the area in each area that does not directly affect the water distribution due to the terrain curvature; The water amount control unit is configured to implement a differentiated irrigation strategy according to the division result, and the differentiated irrigation strategy includes terrain modification to adjust the terrain curvature of the corresponding area, and presetting a critical value of the soil moisture in the area corresponding to the direct effect; when the soil moisture is higher than the critical value, irrigation is not performed on the root system of the crops corresponding to the soil moisture; otherwise, irrigation is performed; The prediction unit is configured to predict the rainfall in the area where the target planting area is located, including generating a rainwater prediction model based on historical rainfall data of the area and combining weather station data and / or remote sensing data of the area, and the historical rainfall data is 10-30 years of rainfall data of the area; when irrigation is performed on the root system of the crops corresponding to the soil moisture, if it is predicted that rainfall will occur in the area at a future time, the water amount of irrigation is reduced, otherwise, the water amount of irrigation is not reduced.

Images