Data acquisition method based on 5G

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of data acquisition, in particular to a 5G-based data acquisition method. Comprising the following steps that RS485 serial port data of industrial field equipment is converted into a TCP / IP data packet through a protocol converter, the TCP / IP data packet is uploaded to a 5G network through a 5G CPE industrial-grade router, the edge intelligent gateway carries out preprocessing, including compression, encryption and anomaly detection, on the received data, and an alarm is triggered according to a preset threshold value. The invention provides a 5G-based data acquisition method aiming at four core defects of limited deployment, insufficient expansibility, poor transmission stability and low protocol compatibility of a traditional wired acquisition architecture. The invention aims to realize an integrated solution of zero wiring rapid deployment, multi-protocol seamless access, high-reliability redundancy transmission and edge intelligent decision in a complex industrial scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data acquisition technology, and in particular to a 5G-based data acquisition method. Background Technology

[0002] With the accelerating pace of industrial digitalization, the real-time acquisition and transmission of massive amounts of production equipment data has become a core foundation for building intelligent manufacturing systems. In industrial scenarios such as factory automation, energy pipeline monitoring, and mobile device monitoring, it is necessary to achieve millisecond-level data aggregation across distributed equipment clusters to support critical applications such as digital twin modeling and real-time decision control. These scenarios typically involve long-distance transmission across regions, deployment in confined spaces, and high-density equipment access, placing stringent demands on the real-time performance, reliability, and environmental adaptability of data transmission.

[0003] Traditional industrial data acquisition mainly relies on wired transmission architectures (such as RS485 bus and direct fiber optic connections), which have significant drawbacks in practical applications: cable laying requires drilling through walls or pre-burying pipes, which is time-consuming and costly in complex environments such as steel structure factories and underground pipe corridors, and is difficult to cover mobile devices; new equipment requires rewiring, and expansion costs increase exponentially with the number of nodes, restricting the flexible adjustment of production lines; long-distance cables suffer from signal attenuation, and loose and aging interfaces can easily lead to data packet loss, significantly increasing the average annual downtime due to failures; heterogeneous industrial equipment forms "data silos" due to differences in communication protocols, making it difficult to achieve unified access for cross-brand equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the four core shortcomings of traditional wired data acquisition architectures—limited deployment, insufficient scalability, poor transmission stability, and low protocol compatibility—this invention provides a 5G-based data acquisition method. This method aims to achieve an integrated solution for rapid deployment with zero cabling, seamless multi-protocol access, highly reliable redundant transmission, and edge intelligent decision-making in complex industrial scenarios.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a 5G-based data acquisition method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Convert the RS485 serial port data of the industrial field equipment into TCP / IP data packets using a protocol converter. The protocol converter has a built-in multi-protocol parsing engine that supports dynamic parsing of Modbus RTU / ASCII, Profibus-DP, and BACnet protocols. Step 2: Upload TCP / IP data packets to the 5G network via a 5G CPE industrial-grade router. Carrier aggregation technology is used to achieve a downlink transmission rate of 1.2Gbps and an uplink transmission rate of 200Mbps. When the 5G signal strength is below the threshold, the data will be automatically switched to the LoRaWAN network. Step 3: The edge smart gateway preprocesses the received data, including compression, encryption, and anomaly detection, and triggers alarms based on preset thresholds.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, the protocol converter in step one realizes end-to-end transparent transmission from the RS485 physical layer to the Ethernet protocol, and the conversion process includes signal regeneration operation to eliminate physical medium attenuation.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step two, the 5G CPE supports NSA / SA dual-mode networking and millimeter wave band, and ensures data transmission integrity of 99.99% through a dual-channel redundancy architecture of 5G and LoRa.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the LoRaWAN network switching triggering conditions in step two include at least one of the following: underground utility tunnel enclosed space scenario and 5G signal loss scenario caused by mobile device displacement.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step three, the edge intelligent gateway performs edge decision-making, including coordinating and interacting with the cloud on the preprocessed data to realize command issuance and multi-gateway cascading networking, wherein a single gateway carries no less than 500 RS485 devices for access.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the multi-gateway cascaded network adopts a star topology, and each gateway achieves data aggregation and load balancing through a 5G private network.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention completely gets rid of the physical wiring limitations of the traditional wired architecture and realizes plug-and-play access of equipment; the construction cycle is greatly shortened by wireless modular deployment, significantly reducing manpower and facility costs; it supports hot-swappable expansion and dynamic networking of multiple gateways, providing basic support for flexible adjustment of production lines.

[0012] (2) This invention innovatively integrates 5G high-speed transmission and LoRa wide-area coverage capabilities, automatically switching to the LoRaWAN network in areas with weak 5G signals (such as underground pipe corridors and mobile devices) to build a dual-channel redundancy guarantee mechanism; combined with millimeter wave frequency band and carrier aggregation technology, it can effectively penetrate metal obstacles and adapt to extreme temperature and humidity environments, comprehensively improving the robustness of data transmission in industrial sites.

[0013] (3) Based on a multi-protocol dynamic parsing engine, this invention enables seamless access to industrial equipment across brands and eliminates data silos caused by protocol differences; it expands system capacity through edge gateway cascading architecture, and a single node can support ultra-large-scale equipment access, providing elastic expansion capabilities for clustered deployment.

[0014] (4) The present invention integrates data compression, security encryption and real-time anomaly detection at the gateway layer, effectively reducing cloud load and improving data quality; combined with threshold alarm and edge-cloud collaborative decision-making mechanism, it greatly reduces system operation and maintenance complexity and enhances the efficiency of full life cycle management. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0016] This invention provides a 5G-based data acquisition method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Convert the RS485 serial port data of the industrial field equipment into TCP / IP data packets through a protocol converter. The protocol converter has a built-in multi-protocol parsing engine and supports dynamic parsing of Modbus RTU / ASCII, Profibus-DP and BACnet protocols. The protocol converter realizes end-to-end transparent transmission from RS485 physical layer to Ethernet protocol. The conversion process includes signal regeneration operation to eliminate physical medium attenuation. Step 2: Upload TCP / IP data packets to the 5G network via a 5G CPE industrial-grade router. Carrier aggregation technology is used to achieve a downlink transmission rate of 1.2Gbps and an uplink transmission rate of 200Mbps. When the 5G signal strength is below the threshold, the network automatically switches to the LoRaWAN network to transmit data. The 5G CPE supports NSA / SA dual-mode networking and millimeter wave bands, and the dual-channel redundancy architecture of 5G and LoRa ensures data transmission integrity of 99.99%. The LoRaWAN network switching trigger conditions include at least one of the following: underground pipe gallery enclosed space scenarios and 5G signal loss scenarios caused by mobile device displacement. Step 3: The edge intelligent gateway preprocesses the received data, including compression, encryption, and anomaly detection, and triggers alarms according to preset thresholds. The edge intelligent gateway executes edge decisions, including collaborative interaction between the preprocessed data and the cloud, enabling command issuance and multi-gateway cascading networking. Each gateway can support no less than 500 RS485 devices. The multi-gateway cascading network adopts a star topology, and each gateway achieves data aggregation and load balancing through a 5G private network. Example

[0017] Application Scenario: A city's underground integrated energy pipeline corridor (5.2km long, 8-12m deep, reinforced concrete structure) requires real-time data acquisition from 2000 devices (including temperature and humidity sensors, gas detectors, and valve controllers) to achieve methane leak early warning, water seepage monitoring, and remote equipment control. Traditional RS485 cabling presents challenges due to the high airtightness of the corridor and the wide distribution of equipment, including high construction difficulty, difficulty in fault location, and high expansion costs.

[0018] System deployment and implementation steps Step 1, Device Layer Protocol Conversion: Equipment configuration: 2000 devices output data via RS485 serial ports, with the following protocol types: (1) 1500 Modbus RTU temperature and humidity sensors; (2) 300 Profibus-DP valve controllers; (3) 200 BACnet gas detectors. 40 industrial-grade protocol converters (model: PT-X5G) are deployed, each supporting 50 RS485 interfaces.

[0019] Protocol Conversion Process: The PT-X5G's built-in parsing engine automatically identifies the device protocol and converts the RS485 signal into standard TCP / IP data packets. Signal regeneration technology reshapes the waveform of the attenuated RS485 signal transmitted over long distances (maximum 300m in a single pipe rack section), eliminating bit errors caused by cable aging (measured bit error rate from 10%). -4 Reduced to 10 -7 ).

[0020] Step 2, 5G / LoRa dual-mode transmission Network architecture: Deploy one 5G CPE industrial router (model: CPE-8000) every 500m along the pipe gallery, supporting NSA / SA dual-mode and 28GHz millimeter wave band. Add LoRaWAN base stations (coverage radius 1.5km) in 5G signal dead zones (such as bends and maintenance wells).

[0021] Data transmission logic: (1) Normal transmission: CPE-8000 achieves uplink peak of 200Mbps through carrier aggregation (3×100MHz bandwidth), and the data is directly delivered to the edge gateway (latency <15ms). (2) Redundancy switching: When CPE detects that 5G RSRP (reference signal received power) ≤-110dBm (such as equipment displacement or metal door closure), it automatically switches to the LoRaWAN channel (uplink rate 50kbps, latency <2s) to ensure data integrity of 99.99%.

[0022] Step 3, Edge Intelligent Processing Gateway configuration: Four edge intelligent gateways (model: EG-5000) are deployed in the central control room, using a star topology cascade, with each gateway connecting to 10 CPE-8000 devices (total of 2000 devices).

[0023] Data processing flow: (1) Data compression: The LZ77 algorithm is used to achieve a compression ratio of 6:1, reducing the daily data volume from 120GB to 20GB. (2) AES-256 encryption: The key is dynamically rotated (updated every 10 minutes) to prevent unauthorized access. (3) Anomaly detection: The data stream is analyzed in real time based on the LSTM model. When the methane concentration is detected to be >1%LEL, a level 3 alarm is triggered. (4) Edge decision: The valve controller is linked to shut down the gas supply pipeline in an emergency (response time <200ms), and the event is uploaded to the cloud digital twin platform at the same time.

[0024] System performance verification index Actual measurement results Comparison of traditional wired solutions Deployment cycle 3 days (modular installation) 45 days (through-wall wiring) Single-node expansion cost New device: ¥200 / unit (plug and play) ¥1500 / unit (including cable installation) Transmission reliability 99.992% (Dual-channel redundancy) 98.7% (RS485 interface failure rate 0.3% / year) End-to-end delay 5G mode: 12ms±3ms; LoRa mode: 1.8s Fiber optic: 8ms; RS485: 50ms±20ms Energy efficiency ratio Gateway cascading reduces cloud load by 70%. The central server is under continuous high load. As demonstrated by the above embodiments, this application exhibits significant advantages over traditional wired solutions in complex industrial scenarios, such as data acquisition applications for urban underground integrated energy pipeline corridors, in terms of deployment cycle, expansion cost, transmission reliability, end-to-end latency, and energy efficiency. This method effectively solves the problems of limited deployment, insufficient scalability, poor transmission stability, and low protocol compatibility inherent in traditional wired acquisition architectures. It can be widely applied to various complex industrial scenarios, providing an efficient, reliable, and flexible data acquisition solution for the industrial digitalization process.

[0025] In summary, the 5G-based data acquisition method of this invention is innovative and practical, providing a brand-new solution for industrial data acquisition. Its superior performance in complex industrial scenarios can powerfully promote industrial digital transformation, improve the intelligence level and overall efficiency of industrial production, inject new vitality into the development of the industrial sector, and is expected to be promoted and applied in more industrial scenarios in the future.

[0026] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 5G-based data acquisition method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Convert the RS485 serial port data of the industrial field equipment into TCP / IP data packets using a protocol converter. The protocol converter has a built-in multi-protocol parsing engine that supports dynamic parsing of Modbus RTU / ASCII, Profibus-DP, and BACnet protocols. Step 2: Upload TCP / IP data packets to the 5G network via a 5G CPE industrial-grade router. Carrier aggregation technology is used to achieve a downlink transmission rate of 1.2Gbps and an uplink transmission rate of 200Mbps. When the 5G signal strength is below the threshold, the data will be automatically switched to the LoRaWAN network. Step 3: The edge smart gateway preprocesses the received data, including compression, encryption, and anomaly detection, and triggers alarms based on preset thresholds.

2. The 5G-based data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the protocol converter realizes end-to-end transparent transmission from the RS485 physical layer to the Ethernet protocol. The conversion process includes signal regeneration operations to eliminate physical medium attenuation.

3. The 5G-based data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the 5GCPE supports NSA / SA dual-mode networking and millimeter-wave frequency bands, and ensures data transmission integrity of 99.99% through a dual-channel redundancy architecture of 5G and LoRa.

4. The 5G-based data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The LoRaWAN network switching triggering conditions in step two include at least one of the following: underground utility tunnel enclosed space scenario and 5G signal loss scenario caused by mobile device displacement.

5. The data acquisition method based on 5G according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the edge intelligent gateway performs edge decision-making, including coordinating and interacting with the cloud on the preprocessed data to realize command issuance and multi-gateway cascading networking, wherein a single gateway can support no less than 500 RS485 devices.

6. The 5G-based data acquisition method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The multi-gateway cascaded network adopts a star topology, and each gateway achieves data aggregation and load balancing through a 5G private network.