Display device and electronic apparatus

Abstract

A display device having improved light extraction capability is provided. The display device includes: a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged light emitting elements; and a plurality of lenses each disposed corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements. The lens includes a lower portion having a tapered side surface and an upper portion having a convex curved surface shape.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to display devices and electronic devices including the display devices. Background Technology

[0002] As a technology used to improve the brightness and efficiency of display devices, there exists a light-focusing technology that uses lenses. In order to utilize the light-focusing effect of lenses more effectively, it is desirable to reduce the distance between adjacent lenses.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 describes an aspect in which a convex lens component (on-chip micro-convex lens) is used as an optical path control unit, and adjacent convex lens components are in contact with each other.

[0004] Reference List Patent documents Patent document 1: WO 2020 / 162355 A Summary of the Invention

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention However, in conventional lenses, the light extraction function deteriorates when the distance between adjacent lenses decreases.

[0006] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a display device capable of improving light extraction function and an electronic device including the display device.

[0007] Solution to the problem To solve the above problems, the display device according to this disclosure includes: Multiple light-emitting elements arranged in a two-dimensional pattern; and Multiple lenses are configured to correspond respectively to the multiple light-emitting elements, wherein, The lens comprises a lower portion having a tapered side surface and an upper portion having a convex curved surface. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 A and Figure 1 B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the lens array of the display device.

[0009] Figure 2 This is a plan view of a display device according to one embodiment.

[0010] Figure 3 A and Figure 3 B is shown Figure 2 A magnified planar view of a portion of the effective pixel region.

[0011] Figure 4 It is along Figure 3 The cross-sectional view taken from line IV-IV in A.

[0012] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the lens array forming process.

[0013] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the lens array forming process.

[0014] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the lens array forming process.

[0015] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the lens array forming process.

[0016] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the lens array forming process.

[0017] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the display device based on a modified example.

[0018] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the display device based on a modified example.

[0019] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the display device based on a modified example.

[0020] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the display device based on a modified example.

[0021] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the display device based on a modified example.

[0022] Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B is a plan view of the display device according to the modified example.

[0023] Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B is a plan view of the display device according to the modified example.

[0024] Figure 17 A and Figure 17 B is a plan view of the display device according to the modified example.

[0025] Figure 18 It is a plan view of the display device based on the modified example.

[0026] Figure 19 A, Figure 19 B and Figure 19 C is a conceptual diagram used to describe the relationship between the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit, the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens component, and the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit.

[0027] Figure 20It is a conceptual diagram used to describe the relationship between the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit, the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens component, and the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit.

[0028] Figure 21 A and Figure 21 B is a conceptual diagram used to describe the relationship between the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit, the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens component, and the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit.

[0029] Figure 22 It is a conceptual diagram used to describe the relationship between the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit, the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens component, and the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit.

[0030] Figure 23 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a first example of a resonator structure. Figure 23 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a second example of a resonator structure.

[0031] Figure 24 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a third example of a resonator structure. Figure 24 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the fourth example of a resonator structure.

[0032] Figure 25 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the fifth example of a resonator structure. Figure 25 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the sixth example of a resonator structure.

[0033] Figure 26 This is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the seventh example of a resonator structure.

[0034] Figure 27 A is the main image of a digital camera. Figure 27 B is a rear view of a digital camera.

[0035] Figure 28 This is a perspective view of a head-mounted display.

[0036] Figure 29 It is a perspective view of a television set.

[0037] Figure 30 It is a perspective view of a head-mounted display.

[0038] Figure 31 This is a perspective view of a smartphone.

[0039] Figure 32A is a diagram showing the interior of a vehicle as viewed from the rear to the front. Figure 32 B is a diagram showing the interior state of the vehicle as viewed from the rear tilt to the front tilt. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in the following order.

[0041] 1. Description of the overall display device according to this disclosure 2. Background of the creation of embodiments of this disclosure 3. One implementation method (example of a display device) 4. Variations 5. The relationship between the normals passing through the centers of each of the light-emitting unit, lens component, and wavelength selection unit. 6 Examples of resonator structures 7. Application Examples (Examples of electronic devices) The embodiments described below are preferred specific examples of this disclosure, and the content of this disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. Note that in the following description, components with substantially the same functional configuration are indicated by the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions will be omitted appropriately. Furthermore, to prevent the illustrations from becoming complex, there are cases where only a portion of the configuration is indicated by reference numerals, or where the illustrations are simplified or enlarged / reduced.

[0042] <1 Description of the overall display device according to this disclosure> In the display device according to this disclosure, the bottom surface of the lower portion of the lens has a shape such as generally circular, generally elliptical, or generally polygonal. For arranging multiple lenses in a closely packed manner, the bottom surface of the lower portion of the lens preferably has a generally quadrilateral or generally hexagonal shape. Here, generally circular, generally elliptical, or generally polygonal are not limited to circles, ellipses, or polygons in a strict sense, but include shapes that are visually perceived as close to circles, ellipses, or polygons. For example, this includes circles, ellipses, or polygons that are deformed or distorted within tolerances, errors, etc. Specifically, for example, generally polygonal shapes include polygonal shapes with rounded corners and polygonal shapes with notched corners.

[0043] In this disclosure, strictly speaking, the cone shape is not limited to a linear cone shape, wherein the diameter changes linearly with respect to the height of the lower part of the lens and the tilt angle of the side surface of the lower part is constant, and the cone shape includes shapes that are visually perceived as approximating a linear cone shape. For example, it includes linear cone shapes that are distorted or deformed within tolerances, errors, etc.

[0044] In this disclosure, the conical side surface has, for example, a substantially frustum shape, a substantially elliptical frustum shape, or a substantially polygonal frustum shape. For arranging multiple lenses in a closely packed manner, the conical side surface preferably has a substantially quadrilateral truncated cone shape or a substantially hexagonal truncated cone shape. Here, the substantially frustum shape, substantially elliptical frustum shape, or substantially polygonal frustum shape is not strictly limited to a frustum shape, but includes shapes that are visually recognizable as approximating a frustum shape, a frustum shape, or a polygonal frustum shape. For example, this includes frustum shapes, elliptical frustum shapes, or polygonal frustum shapes that are deformed or distorted within tolerances, errors, etc. Specifically, a substantially polygonal frustum shape includes, for example, a polygonal frustum shape with rounded edges and a polygonal frustum shape with notched edges.

[0045] In this disclosure, "on object A" in expressions such as "object B is set on object A" indicates the relative positional relationship between object A and object B, and is a concept that includes not only the state in which object B is directly on object A without any other object in between, but also the state in which object B is on object A with at least one other object in between.

[0046] The display device according to this disclosure can be installed in an electronic device. For example, the display device according to this disclosure can be installed in a goggle device, such as a virtual reality (VR) device, a mixed reality (MR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, or an electronic viewfinder (EVF), a small projector, etc.

[0047] <2 Background to the creation of embodiments of this disclosure> like Figure 1 As shown in Figure A, when the distance between adjacent lenses 41 is large, the light L emitted from the light-emitting element 12 tends to leak from the flat portion between the lenses 41. In order to suppress this light leakage and utilize the light-gathering effect of the lenses 41 more effectively, it is desirable to reduce the distance between adjacent lenses 41.

[0048] However, in a lens 41 with a convex curved surface, when the distance between adjacent lenses 41 decreases, the lower side surfaces of adjacent lenses 41 approach each other, such as... Figure 1 As shown in B, light L may leak from the lower part of one adjacent lens 41 to the lower part of another adjacent lens. Therefore, the function of the lower part of lens 41 as a lens is degraded, and the light extraction function of lens 41 is degraded.

[0049] Based on the above findings, the inventors have conducted in-depth research on lenses that can suppress the degradation of the light extraction function of lens 41 even when the distance between adjacent lenses decreases. Therefore, the inventors have discovered a lens having a convex curved surface at the top and a tapered side surface at the bottom.

[0050] <3 One implementation method> (Schematic configuration of display device 101) Figure 2 This is a plan view of a display device 101 according to one embodiment. The display device 101 includes an effective pixel region RE1 and a peripheral region RE2 disposed around the effective pixel region RE1. The display device 101 may be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device. In this specification, a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to each other in the display surface of the display device 101 are referred to as the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, respectively, and the direction perpendicular to the display surface of the display device 101 is referred to as the Z-axis direction. In one embodiment, an example in which the X-axis direction is the horizontal direction of the display surface and the Y-axis direction is the vertical direction of the display surface will be described.

[0051] Figure 3 A is an enlarged plan view showing a portion of the effective pixel region RE1. Multiple subpixels 10R, multiple subpixels 10G, and multiple subpixels 10B are disposed in the effective pixel region RE1. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be simply referred to as subpixels 10. The multiple subpixels 10 are arranged in a predetermined arrangement pattern in two dimensions. In one embodiment, an example of a triangular arrangement of the array pattern of the multiple subpixels 10 will be described. Pad portions 113, video display drivers (not shown), etc., are disposed in the peripheral region RE2. Flexible printed circuits (FPCs) (not shown) may be coupled to pad portions 113.

[0052] Subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B can emit different colors of light. Subpixel 10R emits red light. Subpixel 10G emits green light. Subpixel 10B emits blue light. Figure 3 In A, the parts represented by the symbols “R”, “G” and “B” represent sub-pixel 10R, sub-pixel 10G and sub-pixel 10B, respectively.

[0053] A pixel 10P may include three adjacent subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B. However, the configuration of a pixel 10P is not limited to this instance. Subpixels 10 may have the following configurations in a planar diagram: Figure 3 The hexagonal shape shown in A, or may have the following shape: Figure 3 The shape shown in B is a hexagon with rounded corners. Although in Figure 3 A and Figure 3 The outlines of subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are shown in B, but there are not always clear boundaries between adjacent subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B.

[0054] [Layer configuration of display device 101] Figure 4 It is along Figure 3 The cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in the figure. The display device 101 includes a driving substrate 11, a plurality of light-emitting elements 12, an insulating layer 13, a protective layer 14, a planarization layer 15, a color filter 16, a lens array 17, a filling resin layer 18, and a substrate 19.

[0055] In this specification, of the two surfaces constituting each layer of the display device 101, the surface on the display surface side (top side) of the display device 101 may be referred to as the first surface (upper surface), and the surface on the opposite side (bottom side) of the display surface of the display device 101 may be referred to as the second surface (lower surface). In this specification, a plan view refers to a plan view when the object is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first surface.

[0056] (Driver substrate 11) The driving substrate 11 is a so-called backplane and can drive multiple light-emitting elements 12. The driving substrate 11 includes, for example, a substrate 111 and an insulating layer 112 in sequence.

[0057] Multiple drive circuits (not shown) and multiple wirings (not shown) are disposed on the first surface side of the substrate 111. The substrate 111 may be a semiconductor substrate, for example, one that is easy to form transistors, or a glass substrate or resin substrate with low moisture permeability and oxygen permeability. Semiconductor substrates include, for example, amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, monocrystalline silicon, etc. Glass substrates include, for example, high strain point glass, sodium glass, borosilicate glass, magnesium olivine, lead glass, quartz glass, etc. For example, resin substrates include at least one selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylphenol, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, etc.

[0058] An insulating layer 112 is disposed on a first surface of the substrate 111 and covers multiple driving circuits, multiple wirings, etc. Multiple wirings can be coupled to pad portions 113. The insulating layer 112 includes multiple contact portions (not shown). The multiple contact portions electrically connect the light-emitting element 12 and the driving circuits or wirings. For example, the contact portions include at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), etc.

[0059] The insulating layer 112 may be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate formed from these layers. Organic insulating layers include, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resins, acrylic resins, phenolic varnish resins, etc. Inorganic insulating layers include, for example, those selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide (SiO₂). x Silicon nitride (SiN) x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO) x Ny At least one of the groups including ) etc.

[0060] (Light-emitting element 12) The light-emitting element 12 can emit white light under the control of a driving circuit, etc. The light-emitting element 12 can be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) element. The light-emitting element 12 is included in each color of sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B.

[0061] Multiple light-emitting elements 12 are arranged two-dimensionally on the first surface of the driving substrate 11 in a predetermined arrangement pattern. The predetermined arrangement pattern is the same as the predetermined arrangement pattern of the multiple sub-pixels 10. The light-emitting elements 12 on the first surface of the driving substrate 11 sequentially include a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122, and a second electrode 123.

[0062] (First electrode 121) The first electrode 121 is disposed on the second surface side of the OLED layer 122. The first electrode 121 is a separate electrode disposed individually among the plurality of light-emitting elements 12 in the effective pixel region RE1. That is, the first electrode 121 is divided among adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in the in-plane direction on the first surface of the driving substrate 11 in the effective pixel region RE1. The first electrode 121 is an anode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123, holes are injected from the first electrode 121 into the OLED layer 122.

[0063] The first electrode 121 can be configured using, for example, a metal layer, or it can be configured using a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. When the first electrode 121 is configured using a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer, from the viewpoint of placing a layer with a high work function adjacent to the OLED layer 122, the transparent conductive oxide layer is preferably disposed on the side of the OLED layer 122.

[0064] The metal layer can function as a reflective layer that reflects light emitted from the OLED layer 122. For example, the metal layer includes at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of chromium (Cr), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), tungsten (W), and silver (Ag). The metal layer may include at least one of the aforementioned metallic elements that are constituent elements of an alloy. Specific examples of alloys include aluminum alloys and silver alloys. Specific examples of aluminum alloys include, for example, AlNd and AlCu.

[0065] An underlayer (not shown) may be disposed adjacent to the second surface side of the metal layer. The underlayer may improve the crystal orientation of the metal layer during its formation. The underlayer includes, for example, at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta). The underlayer may include at least one of the aforementioned metallic elements as a constituent element of the alloy.

[0066] The transparent conductive oxide layer includes a transparent conductive oxide. The transparent conductive oxide includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of indium-containing transparent conductive oxides (hereinafter referred to as "indium-based transparent conductive oxides"), tin-containing transparent conductive oxides (hereinafter referred to as "tin-based transparent conductive oxides"), and zinc-containing transparent conductive oxides (hereinafter referred to as "zinc-based transparent conductive oxides").

[0067] Indium-based transparent conductive oxides include, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium oxide (IGO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), or fluorine-doped indium oxide (IFO). Among these transparent conductive oxides, indium tin oxide (ITO) is particularly preferred. This is because indium tin oxide (ITO) has a particularly low barrier for hole injection into the OLED layer 122 in terms of work function, which allows for a particularly low driving voltage of the display device 101. Tin-based transparent conductive oxides include, for example, tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Zinc-based transparent conductive oxides include, for example, zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide, or gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO).

[0068] (OLED layer 122) The OLED layer 122 can emit white light. The OLED layer 122 is disposed between a plurality of first electrodes 121 and a second electrode 123. The OLED layer 122 connects adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in the in-plane direction on the first surface of the driving substrate 11 in the effective pixel region RE1, and is a layer shared by a plurality of light-emitting elements 12 in the effective pixel region RE1.

[0069] The OLED layer 122 can be configured using a laminate including an organic light-emitting layer, and in this case, some layers of the laminate (e.g., an electron injection layer) can be inorganic layers. The OLED layer 122 can be an OLED layer including a single light-emitting unit, an OLED layer including two light-emitting units (a stacked structure), or an OLED layer with other structures. An OLED layer including a single light-emitting unit has a configuration in which a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a red light-emitting layer, a light-emitting separation layer, a blue light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are laminated from the first electrode 121 toward the second electrode 123 in this order. An OLED layer including two light-emitting units has a configuration in which a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a blue light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, a charge generation layer, a hole transport layer, a yellow light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are laminated from the first electrode 121 toward the second electrode 123 in this order.

[0070] Hole injection layers improve the efficiency of hole injection into each emissive layer and suppress leakage. Hole transport layers improve hole transport efficiency to each emissive layer. Electron injection layers improve electron injection efficiency into each emissive layer. Electron transport layers improve electron transport efficiency to each emissive layer. A light-emitting decoupling layer regulates carrier injection into each emissive layer and adjusts the emission balance of each color by injecting electrons or holes into each emissive layer via the light-emitting decoupling layer. A charge generation layer provides electrons and holes separately to two emissive layers configured to sandwich the charge generation layer.

[0071] In response to the application of an electric field to each of the red, green, blue, and yellow light-emitting layers, recombination occurs between holes injected from the first electrode 121 or the charge-generating layer and electrons injected from the second electrode 123 or the charge-generating layer, and red, green, blue, and yellow light can be emitted.

[0072] (Second electrode 123) The second electrode 123 is disposed on the first surface side of the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 connects adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the driving substrate 11 in the effective pixel region RE1, and is an electrode shared by multiple light-emitting elements 12 in the effective pixel region RE1.

[0073] The second electrode 123 is a cathode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123, electrons are injected from the second electrode 123 into the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is semi-transparent to white light emitted from the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is preferably a transparent electrode that is transparent to visible light. In this specification, visible light refers to light in the wavelength range of 360 nm and above and 830 nm.

[0074] To improve luminous efficiency, the second electrode 123 preferably comprises a material with the highest possible translucency and low work function. The second electrode 123 comprises at least one of, for example, a metal layer or a transparent conductive oxide layer. More specifically, the second electrode 123 comprises a single-layer film of a metal layer or a transparent conductive oxide layer, or a multilayer film of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. When using a multilayer film configuration for the second electrode 123, the metal layer may be disposed on the OLED layer 122 side, or the transparent conductive oxide layer may be disposed on the OLED layer 122 side. However, from the viewpoint of placing a layer with a low work function adjacent to the OLED layer 122, the metal layer is preferably disposed on the OLED layer 122 side.

[0075] For example, the metal layer includes at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na). The metal layer may include at least one metallic element that is a constituent element of the alloy as described above. Specific examples of alloys include MgAg alloys, MgAl alloys, AlLi alloys, etc. The transparent conductive oxide layer includes a transparent conductive oxide. Examples of transparent conductive oxides include materials similar to the transparent conductive oxide of the first electrode 121 described above.

[0076] (Insulation layer 13) An insulating layer 13 is disposed in the portion between separated first electrodes 121 on the first surface of the driving substrate 11. The insulating layer 13 can insulate adjacent first electrodes 121 in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the driving substrate 11 from each other. The insulating layer 13 has a plurality of openings 131. Each of the plurality of openings 131 is configured to correspond to each light-emitting element 12. Each of the plurality of openings 131 can be disposed on the first surface (the surface on the side of the OLED layer 122) of each of the first electrodes 121. The first electrodes 121 and the OLED layer 122 are in contact with each other through the openings 131.

[0077] The insulating layer 13 can be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate thereof. Organic insulating layers include, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resins, acrylic resins, phenolic varnish resins, etc. Inorganic insulating layers include, for example, those selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide (SiO₂). x Silicon nitride (SiN) x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO) x N y At least one of the groups including ) etc.

[0078] (Protective layer 14) A protective layer 14 is disposed on the first surface of the second electrode 123 and covers a plurality of light-emitting elements 12. The protective layer 14 is translucent relative to the white light emitted from the light-emitting elements 12. The protective layer 14 can protect the plurality of light-emitting elements 12, etc. For example, the protective layer 14 can prevent moisture from entering the plurality of light-emitting elements 12, etc. from the external environment. Furthermore, when the second electrode 123 is configured with a metal layer, the protective layer 14 can have the function of inhibiting the oxidation of the metal layer.

[0079] The protective layer 14 comprises at least one of an inorganic or organic material, for example, having low hygroscopicity. The protective layer 14 may have a single-layer or multi-layer structure. A multi-layer structure is preferred when the thickness of the protective layer 14 is increased. This is to mitigate the internal stress of the protective layer 14. For example, the inorganic material includes materials selected from silicon dioxide (SiO₂). x Silicon nitride (SiN) x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO) x N y Titanium oxide (TiO) x ), aluminum oxide (AlO) x At least one from the group consisting of, etc. Organic materials include, for example, cured products of at least one resin selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, photosensitive resins, etc. Photosensitive resins include, for example, ultraviolet-curable resins. Specifically, organic materials include, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, polyimide resins, phenolic varnish resins, epoxy resins, norbornene resins, parylene resins, etc.

[0080] The protective layer 14 preferably comprises a deposited layer on which atomic layers are deposited. The deposited layer may be an atomic layer deposition (ALD) layer. When the protective layer 14 includes a deposited layer, the moisture ingress inhibition effect of the protective layer 14 can be improved. The deposited layer includes, for example, a metal oxide or a metal nitride. Metal oxides include, for example, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). x ) or titanium dioxide (TiO) x Metal nitrides include, for example, titanium nitride (TiN). x ).

[0081] (Planarization layer 15) A planarization layer 15 is disposed on the first surface of the protective layer 14. The planarization layer 15 can fill the irregularities of the first surface of the protective layer 14 and form a flat first surface over the protective layer 14. The planarization layer 15 is translucent to white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12. The planarization layer 15 comprises at least one of, for example, organic or inorganic materials.

[0082] Organic materials include, for example, cured products of photosensitive resin compositions. The photosensitive resin compositions may include positive or negative photosensitive resin compositions. Specifically, the photosensitive resin compositions include, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyimide precursor, polybenzoxazole, polybenzoxazole precursor, acrylic resin, phenolic resin, siloxane resin, etc. As inorganic materials, materials similar to the inorganic material in protective layer 14 may be exemplified.

[0083] (Color Filter 16) Color filter 16 is a so-called on-chip color filter (OCCF). Color filter 16 is disposed above a plurality of light-emitting elements 12. More specifically, color filter 16 is disposed on the first surface of planarization layer 15 in the effective pixel region RE1. Color filter 16 includes, for example, a plurality of colored layers 160R, a plurality of colored layers 160G, and a plurality of colored layers 160B. In the following description, unless otherwise specifically distinguished, colored layers 160R, colored layers 160G, and colored layers 160B may be simply referred to as colored layer 160.

[0084] Multiple colored layers 160 are arranged two-dimensionally on the first surface of the planarization layer 15 in a predetermined arrangement pattern. The predetermined arrangement pattern is the same as the predetermined arrangement pattern of the multiple sub-pixels 10. Each colored layer 160 is disposed above the light-emitting element 12. Sub-pixel 10R includes the light-emitting element 12 and the colored layer 160R disposed above the light-emitting element 12. Sub-pixel 10G includes the light-emitting element 12 and the colored layer 160G disposed above the light-emitting element 12. Sub-pixel unit 10B includes the light-emitting element 12 and the colored layer 160B disposed above the light-emitting element 12.

[0085] Colored layer 160R is red. Colored layer 160R can transmit the red light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12 and absorb the visible light component other than red light. Colored layer 160G is green. Colored layer 160G can transmit the green light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12 and absorb the visible light component other than green light. Colored layer 160B is blue. Colored layer 160B can transmit the blue light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12 and absorb the visible light component other than blue light.

[0086] Colored layer 160R includes, for example, a red resist. Colored layer 160G includes, for example, a green resist. Colored layer 160B includes, for example, a blue resist.

[0087] (Lens array 17) A lens array 17 is disposed on the first surface of the color filter 16. The lens array 17 includes a plurality of lenses 170. The lens array 17 may further include a substrate 17a. Each lens 170 is capable of focusing light emitted upward from the light-emitting element 12 in a frontal direction. The plurality of lenses 170 are so-called on-chip microlenses (OCLs) and are arranged two-dimensionally on the first surface of the color filter 16 in a predetermined arrangement pattern. The predetermined arrangement pattern is the same as the predetermined arrangement pattern of the plurality of sub-pixels 10.

[0088] Multiple lenses 170 are arranged such that the lens surfaces are on the side opposite to the light-emitting element 12. One lens 170 is disposed above one light-emitting element 12. The lens 170 includes a lower portion 171 and an upper portion 172 disposed on the lower portion 171.

[0089] The lower portion 171 of lens 170 has a tapered side surface. The tapered side surface is tapered towards the top of lens 170. From the viewpoint of suppressing the reduction of light focusing effect, the lower limit of the tilt angle θ of the side surface of the lower portion 171 is preferably 45° < θ. The upper limit of the tilt angle θ of the side surface of the lower portion 171 is, for example, θ < 90°, θ < 86°, θ < 82°, or θ < 80°. The numerical range of the tilt angle θ of the side surface of the lower portion 171 can be predetermined by either the upper or lower limit, for example, 45° < θ < 90°, 45° < θ < 86°, 45° < θ < 82°, and 45° < θ < 80°.

[0090] The tilt angle θ of the side surface of the lower part 171 is obtained as follows. First, a thin sheet is prepared by cutting a cross-section of the display device 101 (parallel to the thickness direction of the display device 101) using cryo-focused ion beam (FIB) or similar methods. At this time, the cross-section is cut to include the central axis of the lens 170. Subsequently, the prepared thin sheet is observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to obtain a cross-sectional TEM image. Next, the tilt angle θ of the side surface of the lower part 171 is measured in the obtained cross-sectional TEM image.

[0091] The bottom surface of the lower part 171 (i.e., the bottom surface of the lens 170) preferably has the following characteristics in the plan view: Figure 3 The hexagonal shape shown in A. The bottom surface of the lower part 171 may have, for example, the shape shown in A. Figure 3 The hexagonal shape with rounded corners shown in B. Because the bottom surface of the lower part 171 has a hexagonal shape or a hexagonal shape with rounded corners, the gap area between adjacent lenses 170 can be reduced compared to the case where the bottom surface of the lower part 171 has a circular shape (see Figure B). Figure 18 The conical side surface preferably has a substantially hexagonal truncated cone shape.

[0092] Figure 3Figure A shows an example in a plan view where the bottom surface shape of lens 170 is the same as the shape of sub-pixel 10 and the size of the bottom surface of lens 170 and sub-pixel 10 are the same. However, the bottom surface shape of lens 170 and the shape of sub-pixel 10 may be different, or the size of the bottom surface of lens 170 and sub-pixel 10 may be different.

[0093] Preferably, the edges (peripherals) of the bottom surfaces of adjacent lenses 170 are in contact with each other when viewed from above. This configuration reduces the gap between adjacent lenses 170, thus suppressing light leakage from the gap between them.

[0094] The upper portion 172 is located on the side where the width of the tapered lower portion 171 narrows. The upper portion 172 has a convex curved surface. Examples of convex curved surfaces include, for example, but not limited to, generally parabolic shapes, generally hemispherical shapes, generally semi-elliptical shapes, etc. Here, a generally parabolic shape, a generally hemispherical shape, or a generally semi-elliptical shape is not strictly limited to a parabolic shape, a hemispherical shape, or a semi-elliptical shape, and includes shapes that are visually perceived as approximating a parabolic shape, a hemispherical shape, or a semi-elliptical shape. For example, the shape includes parabolic shapes, hemispherical shapes, or semi-elliptical shapes that are deformed or distorted within tolerances, errors, etc. The upper portion 172 and the lower portion 171 are preferably smoothly connected.

[0095] The refractive index n1 of lens 170 (i.e., the refractive indices of the lower portion 171 and the upper portion 172) is preferably greater than the refractive index n2 of the filling resin layer 18. Because the refractive index n1 of lens 170 is greater than the refractive index n2 of the filling resin layer 18, light can be refracted by the conical surface of the lower portion 171 and the convex surface of the upper portion 172 to rise in the forward direction. Therefore, the light extraction function can be improved. In this document, refractive indices n1 and n2 represent the refractive indices for light with a wavelength of 589.3 nm (the D line of sodium).

[0096] The lower portion 171 and the upper portion 172 may be made of different materials or the same material, but preferably the same material. Since the lower portion 171 and the upper portion 172 are made of the same material, the types of materials required to manufacture the display device 101 can be reduced. Therefore, the productivity of the display device 101 can be increased, and the manufacturing cost of the display device 101 can be reduced. Furthermore, because the lower portion 171 and the upper portion 172 are made of the same material, their refractive indices are aligned, which also makes it possible to suppress reflections at the interface between the lower portion 171 and the upper portion 172.

[0097] For example, the lower portion 171 and the upper portion 172 comprise inorganic materials or polymer resins that are transparent to visible light. Inorganic materials include, for example, silicon dioxide (SiO2). xFor example, polymer resins include photosensitive resins such as UV-curable resins.

[0098] A base layer 17a is disposed between the plurality of lenses 170 and the color filter 16. The base layer 17a comprises, for example, the same material as the lower portion 171 of the lens 170. Note that the base layer 17a is provided as needed and may or may not be provided.

[0099] (Filled resin layer 18) A filling resin layer 18 is disposed on a first surface of the lens array 17 and fills the space between the lens array 17 and the substrate 19. The filling resin layer 18 is translucent for each color of light emitted from the color filter 16. The filling resin layer 18 functions as an adhesive layer for bonding the lens array 17 and the substrate 19.

[0100] The filling resin layer 18 includes, for example, a cured product of a curable resin. For example, the cured resin includes at least one selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, UV-curable resins, etc. It should be noted that the filling resin layer 18 is not limited to thermosetting resins and UV-curable resins, and may include other types of cured resins that are neither thermosetting nor UV-curable resins.

[0101] (Substrate 19) A substrate 19 is disposed on the first surface of the resin-filled layer 18. The substrate 19 seals the first surface of the driving substrate 11 on which a plurality of light-emitting elements 12, etc., are disposed. The substrate 19 is translucent relative to each color of light emitted from the color filter 16. The substrate 19 is, for example, a glass substrate.

[0102] [Manufacturing method of display device 101] In the following text, reference will be made to Figures 5 to 9 An example of a method for manufacturing a display device 101 according to one embodiment is described.

[0103] (Process for forming the first electrode 121) First, a metal layer and a metal oxide layer are sequentially formed on the first surface of the driving substrate 11 by, for example, sputtering. Then, the metal layer and the metal oxide layer are patterned by, for example, photolithography. Using this configuration, a plurality of first electrodes 121 are formed on the first surface of the driving substrate 11.

[0104] (Process for forming insulating layer 13) Next, an insulating layer 13 is formed on the first surface of the driving substrate 11, for example, by covering a plurality of first electrodes 121 using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Then, the insulating layer 13 is processed by photolithography to form an opening 131 on the first surface of each first electrode 121.

[0105] (Process for forming OLED layer 122) Next, using a vapor deposition method, for example, a hole transport layer, a red light-emitting layer, a light-emitting separation layer, a blue light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are laminated in this order onto the first surfaces of the plurality of first electrodes 121 and the first surface of the insulating layer 13. Thus, the OLED layer 122 is formed.

[0106] (Process for forming the second electrode 123) Next, a second electrode 123 is formed on the first surface of the OLED layer 122 by, for example, vapor deposition or sputtering. Using this configuration, a plurality of light-emitting elements 12 are formed on the first surface of the driving substrate 11.

[0107] (Process for forming protective layer 14) Next, a protective layer 14 is formed on the first surface of the second electrode 123 by, for example, CVD or vapor deposition.

[0108] (Process for forming planarization layer 15) Next, the resin composition is coated onto the first surface of the protective layer 14, and then cured by, for example, light irradiation or heat to form a planarization layer 15.

[0109] (Process for forming color filter 16) Next, a green resist is coated on the first surface of the planarization layer 15, and after pattern exposure using ultraviolet light through a photomask, development is performed to form a green colored layer 160G. Next, a red resist is coated on the first surface of the planarization layer 15, and after pattern exposure using ultraviolet light through a photomask, development is performed to form a red colored layer 160R. Next, a blue resist is coated on the first surface of the planarization layer 15, and after pattern exposure using ultraviolet light through a photomask, development is performed to form a blue colored layer 160B. With this arrangement, the color filter 16 is formed on the first surface of the planarization layer 15.

[0110] (Process for forming lens array 17) Next, for example, such as Figure 5 As shown, a first photosensitive resin, serving as the first lens material, is coated onto the first surface of the color filter 16 using a spin coating method and cured by light irradiation to form a first photosensitive resin layer 173, which serves as the first lens material layer. Next, as... Figure 6 As shown, a second photosensitive resin, which serves as the second lens material, is coated onto the first surface of the first photosensitive resin layer 173 by, for example, spin coating and then cured by light irradiation to form a second photosensitive resin layer 174, which serves as the second lens material layer.

[0111] Next, the second photosensitive resin layer 174 is patterned, for example, by photolithography to form a plurality of structures 170a on the first surface of the first photosensitive resin layer 173, such as... Figure 7 As shown. Structure 170a is, for example, a hexagonal prism. Next, as... Figure 8 As shown, multiple structures 170a are melted into convex surfaces via, for example, a reflow process (heat treatment), and then cured. Next, the convex surfaces of the multiple structures 170a and the first photosensitive resin layer 173 located between the structures 170a are etched back using, for example, anisotropic dry etching. Through this arrangement, as... Figure 9 As shown, multiple lenses 170 are formed.

[0112] (Sealing process) Next, the driving substrate 11 and substrate 19 are bonded, for example, by a single-drop filler (ODF) method as follows: A filler resin is applied to the first surface of the lens array 17, and substrate 19 is placed on the filler resin. After placement, the driving substrate 11 and substrate 19 are bonded to each other via the filler resin, for example, by applying heat to the filler resin or by irradiating the filler resin with ultraviolet light to cure the filler resin. Thus, the display device 101 is sealed. It should be noted that when the filler resin includes both thermosetting resin and ultraviolet-curable resin, the filler resin can be temporarily cured by irradiating it with ultraviolet light, and then heat can be applied to the filler resin to finally cure it. Through the above, the following is obtained: Figure 4 The display device 101 shown is shown.

[0113] [Operation and Effects] In a display device 101 according to one embodiment, since the lower portion 171 has a tapered side surface, even if the distance between adjacent lenses 41 decreases, the approach of the side surfaces of the lower portions 171 of adjacent lenses 41 can be suppressed. Therefore, light L is almost not leaked from the lower portion 171 of one adjacent lens 41 to the lower portion 171 of another adjacent lens 41, and the degradation of the function of the lower portion 171 of the lens 41 as a lens can be suppressed. Therefore, the light extraction function of the lens 41 can be improved.

[0114] As a method for forming lenses, there is a method that forms convex curved lenses solely through a reflow process. However, in this method, when the distance between adjacent lenses narrows, the material used to form the lenses flows during the reflow process, the valleys between the lenses are filled, and the lens shape collapses.

[0115] On the other hand, in a display device according to one embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, multiple structures 170a are melted and formed into convex surfaces through a reflow process, and then, as... Figure 9As shown, the convex surfaces of multiple structures 170a and the first photosensitive resin layer 173 located between structures 170a are etched back and forth using anisotropic dry etching. Therefore, shape collapse of the lens 170 can be suppressed.

[0116] <4 Variations> [Variation Example 1] In one embodiment, the color filter 16 has been described as an example of an on-chip color filter. However, the configuration of the display device 101 is not limited to this example. For example, as Figure 10 As shown, the color filter 16 and the lens array 17 can be sequentially disposed on the second surface of the substrate 19. In this case, multiple lenses 170 can be arranged such that the lens surfaces are on the side of the light-emitting element 12. The filling resin layer 20 can be disposed between the protective layer 14 and the lens array 17. The refractive index n1 of the lens 170 is preferably greater than the refractive index n2 of the filling resin layer 20. Because the refractive index n1 of the lens 170 is greater than the refractive index n2 of the filling resin layer 18, light can be refracted by the conical surface of the lower part 171 and the convex surface of the upper part 172 to rise in the forward direction. Therefore, the light extraction function can be improved.

[0117] For example, a display device 101 having the above configuration is prepared as follows. A color filter 16 and a lens array 17 are sequentially laminated onto the second surface of a substrate 19. After a protective layer 14 is formed on the first surface of the second electrode 123, a filling resin is coated onto the first surface of the protective layer 14, and the substrate 19 is placed on the filling resin such that the lens array 17 is on the filling resin side. After placement, the drive substrate 11 and the substrate 19 are bonded to each other via the filling resin, for example, by applying heat to the filling resin or by irradiating the filling resin with ultraviolet light to cure the filling resin.

[0118] In the manufacturing process of the display device 101 according to one embodiment, the lens array 17 is formed on the driving substrate 11 side. Therefore, considering the degradation of the characteristics of the OLED layer 122 due to heating, it is desirable that the process of forming the lens array 17, etc., be a low-temperature process. On the other hand, in the manufacturing process of the display device 101 according to Modified Example 1, the lens array 17 is formed on the substrate 19 side. Therefore, in the process of forming the lens array 17, etc., it is not necessary to consider the degradation of the characteristics of the OLED layer 122 due to heating, and it is not necessary to perform a low-temperature process. Therefore, the display device 101 can be easily manufactured.

[0119] [Variation Example 2] like Figure 11As shown, the color filter 16 can be disposed above the lens array 17. For example, the lens array 17 can be disposed between a plurality of light-emitting elements 12 and the color filter 16. In this case, the lens array 17, the planarization layer 21, the color filter 16, the filling resin layer 18 and the substrate 19 can be disposed sequentially on the first surface of the protective layer 14.

[0120] In the display device 101 according to Modified Example 2, since the distance from the light-emitting element 12 to the lens array 17 can be shortened, the amount of light incident on the lens 170 from the light-emitting element 12 can be increased. Therefore, the front brightness of the display device 101 can be increased.

[0121] [Variation Example 3] like Figure 12 As shown, lens 170 may have minor irregularities on its surface. The upper portion 172 of lens 170 may have irregularities, or both the upper portion 172 and the lower portion 171 of lens 170 may have irregularities. Because lens 170 has minor irregularities on its surface, light emitted from lens 170 can be scattered by these minor irregularities. Therefore, light extraction functionality can be improved.

[0122] [Variation Example 4] like Figure 13 As shown, lens 170 may further include a bottom 175. The bottom 175 is disposed below the lower portion 171. The bottom 175 preferably has curved side surfaces. The curved side surfaces have a gentler slope than the tapered side surfaces of the lower portion 171. A groove 176 is formed between the bottoms 175 of adjacent lenses 170. The cross-sectional shape of the groove 176 is preferably a downwardly convex curved shape. Preferably, the lower portion 171 and the bottom 175 are smoothly connected. The bottom 175 may comprise the same material as the lower portion 171.

[0123] As described above, since the lens 170 further includes a bottom 175, the filling performance of the filling resin relative to the valley between adjacent lenses 170 can be improved.

[0124] [Variation Example 5] like Figure 14 As shown, the central axis LN' of at least some lenses 170 included in the lens array 17 can be offset relative to the central axis LN" of the light-emitting element 12 in an in-plane direction (perpendicular to the central axis LN) on the first surface of the driving substrate 11. As described above, because the central axis LN" of the lens 170 is offset in an in-plane direction on the first surface of the driving substrate 11, the emission direction of light from the lens 170 can be controlled. It should be noted that the central axis of at least some colored layers 160 included in the color filter 16 can be offset relative to the central axis LN of the light-emitting element 12 in an in-plane direction (perpendicular to the central axis LN") on the first surface of the driving substrate 11.

[0125] [Variation Example 6] In one embodiment, an example of a triangular arrangement of multiple subpixels 10 has been described. However, the array pattern of the multiple subpixels 10 is not limited to this example. The multiple subpixels 10 can be arranged, for example, in a square array or a striped array.

[0126] (Example of a square array) In the case where the array pattern of multiple sub-pixels 10 is a square array, such as Figure 15 As shown in Figure A, a pixel 10P may include four subpixels 10R, 10G, 10B, and 10B. Subpixels 10R and 10G included in a pixel 10P may be arranged adjacent to each other in an oblique direction, and subpixels 10B and 10B included in a pixel 10P may be arranged adjacent to each other in an oblique direction. However, the type and arrangement of subpixels 10 constituting a square array are not limited to this example.

[0127] Sub-pixel 10 can have the following characteristics in a planar graph: Figure 15 The square shown in Figure A, or may have the following characteristics: Figure 15 The square with rounded corners shown in Figure B. The bottom surface of lens 170 can have the following shape in the plan view: Figure 15 The square shape shown in A, or may have the shape of... Figure 15 The square shape shown in B has rounded corners. A square shape is an example of a quadrilateral shape. It should be noted that... Figure 15 A and Figure 15 Figure B shows an example in which the bottom surface shape of lens 170 and the shape of sub-pixel 10 are the same in a plan view, and the bottom surface of lens 170 and the size of sub-pixel 10 are the same. In order to reduce the gap area between adjacent lenses 170, in the plan view, the sides of the bottom surfaces of adjacent lenses 170 are preferably in contact with each other.

[0128] (Example of a striped array) In the case where the array pattern of multiple sub-pixels 10 is a striped array, such as Figure 16 As shown in A, a pixel 10P can include three sub-pixels 10R, 10G and 10B.

[0129] Sub-pixel 10 can have the following characteristics in a planar graph: Figure 16 The rectangular shape shown in A, or may have the following shape: Figure 16 The shape shown in B is a rectangular shape with rounded corners. The bottom surface of lens 170 can have the following shape in the plan view: Figure 16 The rectangular shape shown in A, or may have the following shape: Figure 16 The shape shown in B is a rectangle with rounded corners. A rectangle is an example of a quadrilateral shape. It should be noted that... Figure 16A and Figure 16 Figure B shows an example in a plan view where the bottom surface shape of lens 170 is the same as the shape of sub-pixel 10, and the bottom surface of lens 170 and sub-pixel 10 are the same size. To reduce the gap area between adjacent lenses 170, in the plan view, the sides of the bottom surfaces of adjacent lenses 170 are preferably in contact with each other.

[0130] Figure 16 Images A and B of 16 illustrate an instance where the three sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are of the same size. However, the sizes of the three sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are not limited to this instance and can be different. For example, as shown in... Figure 17 A and Figure 17 As shown in Figure B, the dimensions of sub-pixels 10R and 10G in the X-axis direction can be smaller than the dimension of sub-pixel 10B in the X-axis direction. Similarly, the dimensions of the lens 170 disposed in each of the three sub-pixels 10R, 10G and 10B can be different.

[0131] Figure 17 A and Figure 17 Figure B illustrates an example where subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B arranged in a strip array have different sizes. However, the sizes of subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B arranged in a triangle or in a square arrangement can also be different. Similarly, the sizes of lenses 170 disposed in triangularly arranged subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B can be different from each other, or the sizes of lenses 170 disposed in squarely arranged subpixels 10R, 10G, 10B, and 10B can be different from each other.

[0132] [Variation Example 7] In one embodiment, an example is shown where the shape of the sub-pixel 10 and the top-view bottom surface of the lens 170 are hexagonal. Furthermore, in Variation 6, an example is shown where the shape of the sub-pixel 10 and the top-view bottom surface of the lens 170 are square or rectangular. However, the shapes of the sub-pixel 10 and the bottom surface of the lens 170 in the plan view are not limited to these examples and can be, for example... Figure 18 The shape shown is either circular or elliptical.

[0133] However, when sub-pixels 10 are circular or elliptical, when adjacent sub-pixels 10 are close to each other, the adjacent sub-pixels 10... Figure 18 The points shown are in contact with each other. On the other hand, when sub-pixels 10 are hexagonal, square, or rectangular, adjacent sub-pixels 10 are close to each other, such as... Figure 3 A, Figure 15 A and Figure 16As shown in Figure A, each sub-pixel 10 is in contact with the side. Therefore, from the viewpoint of reducing the area of ​​the gap between adjacent sub-pixels 10, the top view shape of the sub-pixels 10 is preferably hexagonal, square, or rectangular. Similarly, from the viewpoint of reducing the area of ​​the gap between adjacent lenses 170, the shape of the lens 170 in the plan view is preferably hexagonal, square, or rectangular.

[0134] [Variation Example 8] In one embodiment, an example has been described in which the filling resin layer 18 and the substrate 19 are sequentially disposed on the first surface of the lens array 17. However, the configuration of the display device 101 is not limited to this example, and the filling resin layer 18 and the substrate 19 may not be disposed on the first surface of the lens array 17, and the first surface of the lens array 17 may be released.

[0135] [Variation Example 9] From the viewpoint of improving light extraction efficiency and / or improving color purity, the light-emitting element 12 may have a resonator structure. In this specification, the term "and / or" means "at least one," and for example, when the term is used with the phrase "X and / or Y," the phrase refers to three cases: "X only," "Y only," and "X and Y."

[0136] When the first electrode 121 is a reflective electrode that functions as a reflective layer, the resonator structure can be configured with the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123. In this case, the optical distance between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 can be set by the thickness of the OLED layer 122, by selecting the material of the first electrode 121, or by a combination thereof.

[0137] When the first electrode 121 is a transparent electrode, the reflective layer can be disposed below the transparent electrode, and the reflective layer and the second electrode 123 can form a resonator structure. In this case, the optical distance between the reflective layer and the second electrode 123 can be set by the thickness of the OLED layer 122, by selecting the material of the reflective layer, by the thickness of the insulating layer disposed between the first electrode 121 (transparent electrode) and the reflective layer, or by a combination of two or more of these methods.

[0138] [Variation Example 10] In one embodiment, an example has been described where the display device 101 includes a plurality of light-emitting elements 12 capable of emitting white light and a color filter 16, and a color image can be displayed by combining them. However, the method of the colored display device 101 is not limited thereto. For example, instead of a plurality of light-emitting elements 12, the display device 101 may include a plurality of light-emitting elements capable of emitting red light, a plurality of light-emitting elements capable of emitting green light, and a plurality of light-emitting elements capable of emitting blue light. In this case, a color filter may or may not be provided.

[0139] Examples of light-emitting elements include, for example: (1) a light-emitting element comprising a light-emitting layer capable of emitting light of a predetermined color (red, green, or blue); (2) a light-emitting element comprising a light-emitting layer capable of emitting white light, the light-emitting element being capable of resonating through a resonator structure and enhancing light of a predetermined wavelength (red, green, or blue) included in the white light emitted by the light-emitting layer; and (3) a light-emitting element comprising a light-emitting layer capable of emitting light of a predetermined color (red, green, or blue), the light-emitting element being capable of resonating through a resonator structure and enhancing light of a predetermined wavelength included in the light of the predetermined color emitted by the light-emitting layer.

[0140] [Variation Example 11] In one embodiment, an example of providing a color filter 16 has been described; however, a quantum dot layer may be provided instead of a color filter 16, or the quantum dot layer may be provided together with the color filter 16. The quantum dot layer comprises quantum dots (semiconductor particles) and can convert the color of light emitted from a plurality of light-emitting elements. In this case, the plurality of light-emitting elements 12 may be configured to emit blue light.

[0141] [Variation Example 12] In one embodiment, an example of an OLED element 12 has been described, but the light-emitting element is not limited to this example and may be, for example, a self-emissive type of light-emitting element, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) element, an inorganic electroluminescent (IEL) element, a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) element, a semiconductor laser element, etc. The display device may be provided with two or more types of light-emitting elements.

[0142] [Other variations] Although one embodiment of the present disclosure and its variations (hereinafter referred to as "an embodiment, etc.") have been specifically described above, the present disclosure is not limited to one embodiment, etc., and various variations can be made based on the technical concept of the present disclosure.

[0143] For example, the configuration, method, process, shape, material, value, etc. in one implementation method are merely examples, and different configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, values, etc. may be adopted as needed.

[0144] The configuration, method, process, shape, material, values, etc. of an implementation may be combined with each other without departing from the spirit of this disclosure.

[0145] Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the materials illustrated in one embodiment, etc., may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0146] In addition, the following configurations may also be used in this disclosure. (1) A display device, comprising: Multiple light-emitting elements arranged in a two-dimensional pattern; and Multiple lenses are configured to correspond to multiple light-emitting elements, wherein, The lens comprises a lower portion having a tapered side surface and an upper portion having a convex curved surface. (2) According to the display device of (1), wherein, The inclination angle θ of the side surface is 45° < θ < 90°. (3) According to the display device of (1) or (2), wherein, The upper and lower parts are made of the same material. (4) The display device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein, The outer edges of the bottom surfaces of adjacent lenses touch each other when viewed from above. (5) The display device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein, Multiple lenses, when viewed from above, have a roughly quadrilateral or roughly hexagonal shape, and The sides of the bottom surfaces of adjacent lenses touch each other when viewed from above. (6) The display device according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein, At least some of the lenses are offset relative to the light-emitting element in a plane direction. (7) The display device according to any one of (1) to (6) further includes: A resin layer covers multiple lenses, among which... The refractive index of the lens is greater than that of the resin layer. (8) The display device according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein, Multiple lenses are arranged such that the lens surfaces are on the side opposite to the light-emitting element side. (9) The display device according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein, Multiple lenses are arranged such that the lens surfaces are on the light-emitting element side. (10) The display device according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein, The lens also includes a bottom with curved side surfaces, and The curved side surface has a gentler slope than the lower side surface. (11) The display device according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein, At least some of the lenses have irregularities on their surfaces. (12) The display device according to any one of (1) to (11) further includes: a color filter, wherein, Multiple lenses are positioned between multiple light-emitting elements and color filters. (13) The display device according to any one of (1) to (12), wherein, Multiple light-emitting elements include organic light-emitting diode (OLED) elements. (14) An electronic device comprising a display device according to any one of (1) to (13).

[0161] <5. Relationship between the normals passing through the centers of each of the light-emitting unit, lens component, and wavelength selection unit> The relationship between the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit, the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member, and the normal LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit will be described below. Here, the light-emitting unit is, for example, the light-emitting element 12 in one embodiment. The lens member is, for example, the lens 170 in one embodiment. For example, in one embodiment, the wavelength selection unit is a colored layer 160, etc.

[0162] It should be noted that the size of the wavelength selection unit can be appropriately changed according to the light emitted from the light-emitting unit, or, in the case where the light-absorbing unit (e.g., a black matrix unit) is positioned between the wavelength selection units of adjacent light-emitting units, the size of the light-absorbing unit can be appropriately changed according to the light emitted from the light-emitting unit. Furthermore, the size of the wavelength selection unit can be appropriately changed according to the distance (offset) d0 between the normal passing through the center of the light-emitting unit and the normal passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit. The planar shape of the wavelength selection unit can be the same as, similar to, or different from the planar shape of the lens component.

[0163] In the following text, see references Figure 19 A, Figure 19B Figure 19 C and Figure 20 The relationship between the normals passing through the center of each unit when the light-emitting unit 51, the wavelength selection unit 52, and the lens component 53 are arranged in this order will be described.

[0164] like Figure 19 As shown in Figure A, the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit 51, the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit 52, and the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member 53 can coincide with each other. That is, D0=0 and d0=0 can be satisfied. Here, D0 represents the distance (offset) between the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit 51 and the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member 53, and d0 represents the distance (offset) between the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit 51 and the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit 52.

[0165] like Figure 19 As shown in B, the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit 51 and the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit 52 can be configured such that they coincide with each other, but the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit 51 and the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit 52 do not coincide with the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member 53. That is, D0 > 0 and d0 = 0 can be satisfied.

[0166] like Figure 19 As shown in C, it can be configured such that the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit 51 is not the same as the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit 52 and the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member 53, and the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit 52 is the same as the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member 53. That is, D0 > 0, d0 > 0 and D0 = d0 can be satisfied.

[0167] like Figure 20 As shown, it can be configured such that the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit 51, the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit 52, and the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member 53 do not coincide with each other. That is, it can satisfy D0 > 0, d0 > 0, and D0 ≠ d0. Here, the center of the wavelength selection unit 52 ( Figure 20 The position indicated by the black square in the middle is preferably located at the center connecting the light-emitting unit 51 and the center of the lens component 53. Figure 20 The position indicated by the black circle in the middle is on the straight line LL. Specifically, it is assumed that the center of the light-emitting unit 51 and the center of the wavelength selection unit 52 are on the same line in the thickness direction ( ). Figure 20The distance in the vertical direction is denoted as LL1, and the distance in the thickness direction between the center of the wavelength selection unit 52 and the center of the lens member 53 is denoted as LL2. Preferably, Satisfying D0 > d0 > 0, And consider manufacturing changes, The condition d0:D0 = LL1:(LL1 + LL2) is satisfied.

[0168] Here, the thickness direction refers to the thickness direction of the light-emitting unit 51, the wavelength selection unit 52, and the lens component 53.

[0169] In the following text, refer to Figure 21 A, Figure 21 B and Figure 22 The relationship between the normals passing through the center of the unit when the light-emitting unit 51, the lens component 53, and the wavelength selection unit 52 are arranged in this order will be described.

[0170] like Figure 21 As shown in A, it can be configured such that the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit 51, the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit 52, and the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member 53 are consistent with each other. That is, D0 > 0 and d0 = 0 can be satisfied.

[0171] like Figure 21 As shown in B, it can be configured such that the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit 51 is not the same as the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit 52 and the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member 53, and the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit 52 is the same as the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member 53. That is, D0 > 0, d0 > 0 and D0 = d0 can be satisfied.

[0172] like Figure 22 As shown, it can be configured such that the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting unit 51, the normal LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection unit 52, and the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member 53 do not coincide with each other. Here, the center of the lens member 53 (by...) Figure 22 The position indicated by the black circle in the diagram is preferably located at the center connecting the light-emitting unit 51 and the wavelength selection unit 52 (by...). Figure 22 The position indicated by the black square in the diagram is on the straight line LL. Specifically, it is assumed that the center of the light-emitting unit 51 and the center of the lens member 53 are in the thickness direction ( Figure 22 The distance in the vertical direction is denoted as LL2, and the distance in the thickness direction between the center of the lens member 53 and the center of the wavelength selection unit 52 is denoted as LL1, preferably: Satisfying d0 > D0 > 0, And consider manufacturing changes, The condition is satisfied that D0:d0 = LL2:(LL1 + LL2).

[0173] Here, the thickness direction refers to the thickness direction of the light-emitting unit 51, the wavelength selection unit 52, and the lens component 53.

[0174] <6 Examples of Resonator Structures> Sub-pixels 10 included in a display device 101 according to one embodiment may have a configuration including a resonator structure that resonates with light generated by the light-emitting element 12. The resonator structure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, in the following description, the first surface of each layer may be referred to as the upper surface.

[0175] (Resonator Structure: First Example) Figure 23 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a first example of the resonator structure. It should be noted that in the following description, the light-emitting elements configured to correspond to sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B respectively can be simply referred to as light-emitting element 12 unless otherwise specifically distinguished. When a distinction is made between the light-emitting elements configured to correspond to sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B respectively, the light-emitting element can be referred to as light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The portions of OLED layer 122 corresponding to sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B, respectively, can be referred to as OLED layer 122. R OLED layer 122 G and OLED layer 122 B .

[0176] In the first example, the first electrode 121 is formed in each light-emitting element 12 and has a common film thickness. The same applies to the second electrode 123.

[0177] A reflector 71 is disposed below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, with an optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween. A resonant structure that causes the light generated by the OLED layer 122 is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. In the following description, the optical adjustment layer 72, which is configured to correspond to sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B respectively, may be referred to as the optical adjustment layer 72. R 72 G and 72 B .

[0178] Reflectors 71 are formed in each light-emitting element 12, sharing a common film thickness. The film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies depending on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixels. Due to the optical adjustment layer 72... R 72 G and 72 B With different film thicknesses, an optical distance can be set that causes optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0179] exist Figure 23 In the example shown in A, the light-emitting element 12 R 12 G and 12 B The upper surface of the reflector 71 is arranged for alignment. As described above, because the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 changes according to the color to be displayed by the sub-pixel, the position of the upper surface of the second electrode 123 is determined according to the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B It changes according to the type.

[0180] For example, reflector 71 can be formed using metals such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or alloys containing these metals as the main components.

[0181] The optical conditioning layer 72 may include, for example, silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon dioxide (SiO) x ) or silicon oxynitride (SiO) x N y The optical adjustment layer 72 can be an inorganic insulating material or an organic resin material such as acrylic resin or polyimide resin. It can be a single layer or a multilayer film comprising various materials. Furthermore, the number of layers can vary depending on the type of light-emitting element 12.

[0182] The first electrode 121 can be formed using a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0183] The second electrode 123 needs to be used as a semi-transparent reflective film. The second electrode 123 can be formed using magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), magnesium-silver alloys (MgAg) containing these as main components, alloys containing alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, etc.

[0184] (Resonator Structure: Second Example) Figure 23 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a second example of a resonator structure.

[0185] Similarly, in the second example, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are formed with a common film thickness in each light-emitting element 12.

[0186] Then, also in the second example, the reflector 71 is arranged below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, with the optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween. A resonant structure that causes the light generated by the OLED layer 122 is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. Similar to the first example, the reflector 71 has a common film thickness in each light-emitting element 12, and the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies according to the color displayed by the sub-pixels.

[0187] exist Figure 23 In the first example shown in A, the light-emitting element 12 R 12 G and 12 B The upper surface of the reflector 71 is arranged to be aligned, and the position of the upper surface of the second electrode 123 is determined according to the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B It varies depending on the type.

[0188] On the other hand, Figure 23 In the second example shown in B, the upper surface of the second electrode 123 is arranged across the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B Alignment. To align the upper surface of the second electrode 123, the light-emitting element 12... R 12 G and 12 B The upper surface of the reflector 71 is arranged according to the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The type varies. Therefore, the lower surface of the reflector 71 (in other words, the upper surface of the bottom layer (insulating layer) 73) is formed in a stepped shape according to the type of the light-emitting element 12.

[0189] The materials used to configure the reflector 71, optical adjustment layer 72, first electrode 121, and second electrode 123 are similar to those described in the first example, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0190] (Resonator Structure: Third Example) Figure 24 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a third example of the resonator structure. In the following description, the reflector 71, which is configured to correspond to sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B respectively, may be referred to as reflector 71. R 71 G and 71 B.

[0191] Similarly, in the third example, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 have a common film thickness in each light-emitting element 12.

[0192] Then, also in the third example, the reflector 71 is arranged below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, with the optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween. A resonant structure causing the light generated by the OLED layer 122 is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. Similar to the first and second examples, the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies according to the color displayed by the sub-pixels. Then, similar to the second example, the upper surface of the second electrode 123 is arranged to span the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B alignment.

[0193] exist Figure 24 In the second example shown in B, in order to align the upper surface of the second electrode 123, the lower surface of the reflector 71 is formed in a stepped shape according to the type of the light-emitting element 12.

[0194] On the other hand, Figure 24 In the third example shown in A, the film thickness of reflector 71 is determined according to the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The type changes accordingly. More specifically, the film thickness is set so that the reflector 71 R 71 G and 71 B Align the lower surface.

[0195] The materials used to configure the reflector 71, optical adjustment layer 72, first electrode 121, and second electrode 123 are similar to those described in the first example, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0196] (Resonator Structure: Fourth Example) Figure 24 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe a fourth example of the resonator structure. In the following description, the first electrode 121, which is set to correspond to sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B respectively, will be referred to as the first electrode 121. R 121 G and 121 B .

[0197] exist Figure 24 In the first example shown in A, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 of each light-emitting element 12 are formed to have a common film thickness. Then, a reflector 71 is arranged below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, with an optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween.

[0198] On the other hand, Figure 24 In the fourth example shown in B, the optical adjustment layer 72 is omitted, and the film thickness of the first electrode 121 is determined according to the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B It changes according to the type.

[0199] Reflectors 71 are formed in each light-emitting element 12, sharing a common film thickness. The film thickness of the first electrode 121 varies depending on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixels. Due to the first electrode 121... R 121 G 121 B Because the film thickness varies, it is possible to set the optical distance that produces the optimal resonance with the wavelength of light corresponding to the displayed color.

[0200] The materials used to configure the reflector 71, optical adjustment layer 72, first electrode 121, and second electrode 123 are similar to those described in the first example, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0201] (Resonator Structure: Fifth Example) Figure 25 A is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the fifth example of a resonator structure.

[0202] exist Figure 23 In the first example shown in A, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are formed with a common film thickness in each light-emitting element 12. Then, a reflector 71 is arranged below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, with an optical adjustment layer 72 interposed therebetween.

[0203] On the other hand, Figure 25 In the fifth example shown in A, the optical adjustment layer 72 is omitted, and instead, an oxide film 74 is formed on the surface of the reflector 71. The thickness of the oxide film 74 depends on the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The type changes accordingly. In the following description, the oxide film 74, which is set to correspond to sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B respectively, is referred to as oxide film 74. R 74 G and 74 B .

[0204] The thickness of oxide film 74 varies depending on the color displayed by the sub-pixels. Furthermore, due to the oxide film 74... R 74 G 74 BBecause the film thickness varies, it is possible to set the optical distance that produces the optimal resonance with the wavelength of light corresponding to the displayed color.

[0205] The oxide film 74 is a film obtained by oxidizing the surface of the reflector 71, and is made of materials such as aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, and zirconium oxide. The oxide film 74 serves as an insulating film for adjusting the optical path length (optical distance) between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123.

[0206] For example, it can be formed as follows, having a light-emitting element 12 R 12 G and 12 B The thickness of the oxide film varies depending on the type of film 74.

[0207] First, an electrolyte is filled into a container, and the substrate on which the reflector 71 is formed is immersed in the electrolyte. Furthermore, the electrodes are arranged to face the reflector 71.

[0208] Then, a positive voltage is applied to the reflector 71 relative to the electrode to anodize the reflector 71. The thickness of the oxide film obtained by anodizing is proportional to the voltage value applied to the electrode. Therefore, by utilizing the voltage applied to each reflector 71... R 71 G and 71 B Anodizing is performed at a voltage determined by the type of the light-emitting element 12. This allows oxide films 74 of varying thicknesses to be formed simultaneously.

[0209] The materials used for the reflector 71, the first electrode 121, and the second electrode 123 are similar to those described in the first example, so their description will be omitted.

[0210] (Resonator Structure: Sixth Example) Figure 25 B is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the sixth example of a resonator structure.

[0211] In the sixth embodiment, the light-emitting element 12 is configured by laminating a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122, and a second electrode 123. However, in the sixth embodiment, the first electrode 121 is formed to serve as both an electrode and a reflector. The first electrode ( / reflector) 121 includes components according to the light-emitting element 12. R 12 G and 12 B The type of material selected for optical constants. Because of the phase shift caused by the first electrode ( / reflector) 121, an optical distance that causes optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed can be set.

[0212] The first electrode ( / reflector) 121 can be configured using a single metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), or an alloy containing these metals as the main components. For example, the light-emitting element 12 R First electrode ( / reflector) 121 R It may include copper (Cu), and a light-emitting element 12 G First electrode ( / reflector) 121 G and light-emitting element 12 B First electrode ( / reflector) 121 B It may include aluminum.

[0213] The materials used to configure the second electrode 123 are similar to those described in the first example, so their description will be omitted.

[0214] (Resonator Structure: Seventh Example) Figure 26 This is a schematic cross-sectional view used to describe the seventh example of a resonator structure.

[0215] The seventh instance is essentially the same as the sixth instance applied to the light-emitting element 12. R and 12 G The first example is applied to the light-emitting element 12. B The configuration allows for setting an optical distance that induces optimal resonance of the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0216] For light-emitting element 12 R and 12 G First electrode ( / reflector) 121 R and 121 G It may include a single metal, such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), or an alloy containing these as the main components.

[0217] Configure reflector 71 B Optical adjustment layer 72 B and for light-emitting element 12 B First electrode 121 B The materials and other similarities are similar to those described in the first instance, therefore their description will be omitted.

[0218] <7 Application Examples> (Electronic devices) The display device 101 according to one embodiment can be installed in various electronic devices. The display device 101 of one embodiment is particularly suitable for eyeglass devices, such as head-mounted displays, electronic viewfinders of cameras or single-lens reflex cameras, which require high resolution and are used in a magnified manner near the eyes.

[0219] (Specific example 1) Figure 27 A and Figure 27 Figure B shows an example of the appearance of a digital camera 310. The digital still camera 310 is a single-lens reflex type with an interchangeable lens and includes an interchangeable imaging lens unit (interchangeable lens) 312 located substantially at the center of the front part of the camera body (camera body) 311, and a grip portion 313 held by a person who is imaging an image on the left front side.

[0220] The monitor 314 is positioned offset to the left from the center of the back of the camera body 311. An electronic viewfinder (eyepiece window) 315 is provided above the monitor 314. By observing the electronic viewfinder 315, a person viewing the image can visually identify the composition of the object guided by the imaging lens unit 312. The electronic viewfinder 315 includes any of the display devices 101 according to one embodiment, etc.

[0221] (Specific example 2) Figure 28 An example of the appearance of a head-mounted display 320 is shown. The head-mounted display 320 is an example of an eyeglass device. For example, the head-mounted display 320 includes ear hook portions 322 on both sides of a glass-shaped display unit 321 that are worn on the user's head. The display unit 321 includes any of the display devices 101 according to one embodiment, etc.

[0222] (Specific example 3) Figure 29 An example of the appearance of a television device 330 is shown. For example, the television device 330 includes a video display screen unit 331, which includes a front panel 332 and a filter 333, and the video display screen unit 331 is provided with any of the display devices 101 according to one embodiment, etc.

[0223] (Specific example 4) Figure 30 An example of the appearance of a see-through head-mounted display 340 is shown. The see-through head-mounted display 340 is an example of a goggle device. The see-through head-mounted display 340 includes a main body 341, an arm 342, and a lens barrel 343.

[0224] The main body portion 341 is connected to the arm 342 and the glasses 350. Specifically, the end of the main body portion 341 in the long side direction is coupled to the arm 342, and one side of the side surface of the main body portion 341 is connected to the glasses 350 via a coupling member. Note that the main body portion 341 can be worn directly on the human head.

[0225] The main body 341 includes a control panel and a display unit for controlling the operation of the see-through head-mounted display 340. An arm 342 is coupled to the main body 341 and the lens barrel 343, and supports the lens barrel 343. Specifically, the arm 342 is coupled to an end of the main body 341 and an end of the lens barrel 343, and fixes the lens barrel 343. Furthermore, the arm 342 includes signal lines for communicating data related to the image to be provided from the main body 341 to the lens barrel 343.

[0226] The lens barrel 343 projects image light from the main body 341 through the arm 342 toward the eyes of the user wearing the see-through head-mounted display 340 via the eyepiece 351. In the see-through head-mounted display 340, the display unit of the main body 341 includes any of the display devices 101 according to one embodiment, etc.

[0227] (Specific example 5) Figure 31 An example of the appearance of a smartphone 360 ​​is shown. The smartphone 360 ​​includes a display unit 361 that displays various information, an operation unit 362 that includes buttons for receiving operation input from the user, etc. The display unit 361 includes any of the display devices 101 according to one embodiment, etc.

[0228] (Specific example 6) According to one embodiment, the display device 101 can be installed in various displays in a vehicle.

[0229] Figure 32 A and Figure 32 Figure B is a diagram illustrating an example of the interior configuration of a vehicle 500 equipped with various displays. Specifically, Figure 32 A is a diagram showing an example of the interior state of vehicle 500 from the rear to the front. Figure 32 B is a diagram showing an example of the internal state of vehicle 500 from the rear to the front of vehicle 500.

[0230] Vehicle 500 includes a central display 501, a console display 502, a head-up display 503, a digital rearview mirror 504, a steering wheel display 505, and a rear entertainment display 506. At least one of these displays includes any of a display device 101 according to one embodiment, etc. For example, all these displays may include any of a display device 101 according to one embodiment, etc.

[0231] The central display 501 is located on the dashboard facing the driver's seat 508 and the passenger seat 509. Figure 32 A and Figure 32Figure B illustrates an example of a central display 501 with a horizontally elongated shape extending from the driver's seat 508 side to the passenger seat 509 side; however, the screen size and arrangement of the central display 501 are arbitrary. The central display 501 is capable of displaying information detected by various sensors. As specific examples, the central display 501 can display images imaged by an image sensor, images of the distance to obstacles present in front of or to the side of the vehicle 500, distances measured by a ToF sensor, occupant body temperatures detected by an infrared sensor, etc. The central display 501 can be used to display at least one of, for example, safety-related information, operational-related information, a life-saving log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, or entertainment-related information.

[0232] Safety-related information includes information about drowsiness detection, eye-away detection, detection of mischief by children riding together, presence or absence of seat belts, and passenger departure detection, and is sensed by sensors, for example, arranged in an overlapping manner on the rear surface of the central display 501. Operation-related information uses sensors to detect gestures related to occupant actions. The gestures to be detected can include operations of various types of facilities in the vehicle 500. For example, operations of air conditioning, navigation, AV, lighting, etc., are detected. The survival log includes survival logs for all occupants. For example, the survival log includes a record of the actions of each occupant in the vehicle. By acquiring and storing the survival log, the condition of each passenger at the time of the accident can be checked. Health-related information is obtained by estimating the health status of occupants based on their body temperature sensed by sensors such as temperature sensors. Alternatively, an image sensor can be used to image the occupant's face, and the occupant's health status can be estimated based on the imaged facial expressions. Furthermore, automatic voice interaction with occupants can be performed, and the occupant's health status can be estimated based on the content of their responses. Authentication / identification related information includes keyless entry functions that use sensors to perform facial authentication, and functions that automatically adjust seat height and position via facial recognition. Entertainment related information includes functions that allow passengers to use sensors to detect operational information from AV devices, and functions that use sensors to recognize passengers' faces and have AV devices provide content tailored to those passengers.

[0233] For example, the console display 502 can be used to display life log information. The console display 502 is located near the gearshift lever 511 of the center console 510 between the driver's seat 508 and the passenger seat 509. The console display 502 can also display information detected by various sensors. Furthermore, the console display 502 can display images of the vehicle's surrounding environment imaged by image sensors, or it can display images of the distances to obstacles present in the vehicle's surrounding environment.

[0234] The head-up display 503 is virtually displayed behind the windshield 512 in front of the driver's seat 508. For example, the head-up display 503 can be used to display at least one of safety-related information, operational-related information, emergency logs, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, or entertainment-related information. Since the head-up display 503 is virtually positioned in front of the driver's seat 508 in many cases, it is suitable for displaying information directly related to the operation of the vehicle 500, such as the vehicle's speed, remaining fuel (battery) level, etc.

[0235] The digital rearview mirror 504 can not only display the rear of the vehicle 500, but also the status of the rear seat occupants. Therefore, for example, it can be used to display lifeline information by arranging sensors in an overlapping manner on the back side of the digital rearview mirror 504.

[0236] The steering wheel display 505 is positioned near the center of the steering wheel 513 in the vehicle 500. The steering wheel display 505 can be used to display at least one of the following: safety-related information, operational-related information, life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, or entertainment-related information. Specifically, because the steering wheel display 505 is close to the driver's hands, it is suitable for displaying life log information such as the driver's body temperature, or for displaying information regarding the operation of AV devices, air conditioning systems, etc.

[0237] The rear entertainment display 506 is attached to the rear side of the driver's seat 508 or passenger seat 509 and is for viewing / listening by passengers in the rear seats. The rear entertainment display 506 can be used to display at least one of the following: safety-related information, operational-related information, life-saving logs, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, or entertainment-related information. Specifically, located in front of the rear passengers, the rear entertainment display 506 displays information relevant to the rear passengers. For example, it may display information about the operation of AV devices or air conditioning facilities, or it may display the measurement results of the body temperature of the rear passengers equipped with temperature sensors.

[0238] The display device 101 can be configured such that sensors are arranged in an overlapping manner on the rear surface side of the display device 101, and the distance to objects present in the surrounding environment can be measured in this configuration. Optical ranging methods are broadly classified into passive and active types. Passive methods perform distance measurement by receiving light from the object without projecting light from the sensor onto the object. Passive methods include lens focusing methods, stereo methods, monocular vision methods, etc. Active methods perform distance measurement by projecting light onto the object and using a sensor to measure the reflected light from the object. Active methods include optical radar methods, active stereo methods, illuminance difference stereo methods, moiré topology methods, interferometry methods, etc. The display device 101 according to one embodiment can be applied to any of these types of distance measurement. By using sensors arranged to overlap with the rear surface side of the display device 101, the above-described passive or active distance measurement can be performed.

[0239] Reference Symbol List 10R, 10G, 10B subpixels 11. Driver substrate 111 substrate 112 Insulation layer 113 Pad Section 12 Light-emitting elements 121 First Electrode 122 OLED layers 123 Second Electrode 13 Insulation layer 131 Opening 14 Protective Layer 15 Planarization layer 16 Color Filters 160R, 160G, 160B Colored Layer 17 Lens Array 170 lens 170a Structure 171 lower part 172 upper part 173 First photosensitive resin layer 174 Second photosensitive resin layer 175 Bottom 176 Grooves 18. Filler resin layer 19 substrate 101 Display Device 310 Digital Camera 320 Head-Mounted Display 330 Television Unit 340° View Head-Mounted Display 360 Smart Phone 500 vehicles RE1 Effective pixel area RE2 Outer area.

Claims

1. A display device, comprising: Multiple light-emitting elements arranged in a two-dimensional pattern; as well as Multiple lenses are configured to correspond respectively to the multiple light-emitting elements, wherein, The lens includes a lower portion having a tapered side surface and an upper portion having a convex curved surface.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The tilt angle θ of the side surface is 45° < θ < 90°.

3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The upper part and the lower part are made of the same material.

4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The outer edges of the bottom surfaces of adjacent lenses touch each other when viewed from above.

5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of lenses have a generally quadrilateral or generally hexagonal shape when viewed from above, and The sides of the bottom surfaces of adjacent lenses touch each other when viewed from above.

6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, At least some of the lenses are offset in an in-plane direction relative to the light-emitting element.

7. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising: A resin layer covers the plurality of lenses, wherein, The refractive index of the lens is greater than that of the resin layer.

8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of lenses are arranged such that the lens surfaces are on the side opposite to the light-emitting element side.

9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of lenses are arranged such that the lens surfaces are on the light-emitting element side.

10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The lens also includes a bottom with curved side surfaces, and The curved side surface has a gentler slope than the lower side surface.

11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, At least some of the lenses have irregularities on their surfaces.

12. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising: Color filters, among which, The plurality of lenses are disposed between the plurality of light-emitting elements and the color filter.

13. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of light-emitting elements include organic light-emitting diode elements.

14. An electronic device comprising the display device according to claim 1.

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