Method for dynamically balancing soil nutrients of improved facility vegetable base based on vegetable-morchella rotation
By introducing morel mushrooms into greenhouse vegetable bases for crop rotation, measuring soil nutrients, and adjusting fertilization plans and rotation cycles, the problem of soil nutrient imbalance in greenhouse vegetables was solved, achieving dynamic balance and sustainable management of soil nutrients.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511643331.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-12
AI Technical Summary
Long-term continuous cropping of greenhouse vegetables leads to an imbalance in soil nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Traditional crop rotation methods have limited effectiveness in reducing high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, and neglect the dynamic balance of potassium. Insufficient utilization of mushroom residue resources and excessive fertilization lead to salinization, creating a vicious cycle.
An improved facility vegetable base method based on vegetable-morel mushroom rotation was adopted. By measuring soil nutrient content, morel mushrooms were rotated and the soil was rotary tilled and returned to the field. Fertilization plan and rotation cycle were adjusted, and leafy vegetables with high potassium requirements were planted. The nutrient change trend was dynamically adjusted to form a closed loop of 'absorption-consumption-replenishment'.
It has achieved a dynamic balance of soil nutrients, reduced the use of chemical fertilizers, lowered the risk of soil salinization, improved soil fertility, and formed a sustainable closed loop for soil nutrient management.
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation and soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving soil nutrient dynamic balance of a facility vegetable base based on vegetable-morel rotation. BACKGROUND
[0002] Long-term continuous cropping of facility vegetables leads to soil nutrient enrichment imbalance, in which nitrogen and phosphorus are excessive and potassium accumulates. Traditional rotation modes (such as leaf vegetable-fruit vegetable rotation) can alleviate the consumption of a single nutrient, but have limited effect on reducing high-concentration nitrogen and phosphorus, and ignore the dynamic balance of potassium.
[0003] Insufficient utilization of mushroom residue is one of the practical problems of the current sustainable development of the edible mushroom industry. After harvesting, the mushroom residue of morel is mostly discarded or simply composted, and the rich organic matter (about 35%-40%) and trace elements (such as calcium and magnesium) in it are not effectively recovered. The traditional composting process (such as natural fermentation) has a long cycle (60-90 days) and high nutrient loss rate (more than 30% of nitrogen volatilization). On the other hand, facility vegetable planting relies on chemical fertilizers to supplement nutrients, but excessive fertilization aggravates soil salinization, forming a vicious cycle. SUMMARY
[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for improving soil nutrient dynamic balance of a facility vegetable base based on vegetable-morel rotation.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the technical solution provided by the present application is as follows: a method for improving soil nutrient dynamic balance of a facility vegetable base based on vegetable-morel rotation, comprising the following steps:
[0006] Step 1: After harvesting in autumn, the contents of TN, TP and AP in the soil of the facility vegetable base are determined;
[0007] Step 2: When the TN of the soil of the facility vegetable base is greater than or equal to 1.5 g / kg and the AP is greater than or equal to 150 mg / kg, morel is rotated for one season, and the nutrient package after harvesting morel is unpacked and rotovated in situ and returned to the field;
[0008] Step 3: Leaf vegetables are planted in spring of the next year, and the amount of potassium fertilizer is reduced by 50%-70%;
[0009] Step 4: Based on the state of soil nutrients, the rotation period is adjusted to 1-2 years until TN, TP and AK all meet the standards.
[0010] The preferred technical solution is that in step 2, the total initial input mass of the nutrient package is 18-25 tons per hectare.
[0011] The preferred technical scheme is that the leafy vegetables are spinach or rape, and the planting density is 15-25 cm*20-30 cm.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages that:
[0013] The application breaks the limitation of single nutrient management and first constructs a "fungus-vegetable" time sequence rotation system: the Morel grows in the autumn and winter and absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus, and the next spring, high-potassium leafy vegetables are planted to consume the residual available potassium in the soil through biomass accumulation, forming a "absorption-consumption-supplement" closed loop. By monitoring the contents of TN, TP and AK in real time, the nutrient change trend in the rotation period is predicted, and the rotation frequency (1-2 years) and fertilization scheme are dynamically adjusted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] The following specific examples illustrate the embodiments of the application, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the application from the disclosed content.
[0015] Example 1: A facility vegetable-Morel rotation system and a soil nutrient dynamic balance method thereof
[0016] A facility vegetable-Morel rotation system and a soil nutrient dynamic balance method thereof, characterized by comprising the following steps:
[0017] (1) After the autumn harvest in the facility vegetable base, the contents of soil SOM, TN, TP, TK, AN, AP and AK are measured;
[0018] In uncultivated soil, the SOM content is 18.68-19.88 g / kg, the TN content is 0.781-0.808 g / kg, the TP content is 0.423-0.462 g / kg, the TK content is 8.47-8.78 g / kg, the AN content is 21 mg / kg, the AP content is 28.58-30.76 mg / kg, and the AK content is 84.48-87.29 mg / kg;
[0019] In the soil where vegetables have been planted for a long time, the SOM content is increased to 33.51-35.67 g / kg, the TN content is 1.68-1.75 g / kg, the TP content is 1.386-1.392 g / kg, the TK content is 8.94-9.03 g / kg, the AN content is 42-47.25 mg / kg, the AP content is as high as 192.68-200.78 mg / kg, and the AK content is 175.18-178.78 mg / kg.
[0020] According to the National Second Soil Survey Soil Nutrient Classification Standard (Table 1), among the uncultivated soil nutrient grades, TK, AN and AP are at V, VI and II levels, respectively, while SOM, TN and TP are at IV level, indicating that the uncultivated soil nutrient is generally at a lower level, and there is an imbalance among the various nutrient elements. At the same time, the soil nutrient grade of the soil planted with vegetables for a long time is significantly improved, except that TK and AN are still at V level, SOM, TN, TP, AP and AK all reach II or I level, showing the characteristics of high enrichment of soil nutrients.
[0021] (2) When TN≥1.5 g / kg and AP≥150 mg / kg, rotate Morchella for one season, and then spin the nutrient package on site after unpacking and return it to the field; The formula of the nutrient package is wheat grains 61%, corn cobs 30%, bran 5%, corn flour 3%, lime 1%, and water content 60%.
[0022] (3) Plant leafy vegetables in spring of the next year, preferentially select varieties with high potassium requirements, and reduce the amount of potassium fertilizer by 50%-70%;
[0023] (4) Based on the soil nutrient dynamic model, adjust the rotation period to 1-2 years until TN, TP and AK all reach the III level standard.
[0024] The total initial input mass of the Morchella nutrient package in step (2) is 18-25 tons per hectare.
[0025] In step (3), the leafy vegetables are spinach or rape, and the planting density is 20 cm x 25 cm.
[0026] Example 2: A facility vegetable-Morchella rotation system and a soil nutrient dynamic balance method thereof
[0027] A facility vegetable-Morchella rotation system and a soil nutrient dynamic balance method thereof, comprising the following steps:
[0028] Step 1: After the facility vegetable base is harvested in autumn, the contents of soil SOM, TN, TP, TK, AN, AP and AK are determined;
[0029] Step 2: When the soil of the facility vegetable base has TN≥1.5 g / kg and AP≥150 mg / kg, Morchella is rotated for one season, and the nutrient package after harvesting Morchella is unpacked and then spin-plowed on site and returned to the field;
[0030] Step 3: Plant leafy vegetables in spring of the next year, and reduce the amount of potassium fertilizer by 50%;
[0031] Step 4: Based on the state of soil nutrients, adjust the rotation period to 1 year until TN, TP and AK all meet the standards.
[0032] The preferred technical scheme is that in step 2, the initial total mass of the nutrient package is 18 tons per hectare.
[0033] The preferred technical scheme is that the leafy vegetables are spinach or rape, and the planting density is 15 cm x 20 cm.
[0034] Example 3: A facility vegetable-morchella system and a soil nutrient dynamic balance method thereof
[0035] A facility vegetable-morchella system and a soil nutrient dynamic balance method thereof, characterized by comprising the following steps:
[0036] (1) After the facility vegetable base is harvested in autumn, the contents of SOM, TN, TP, TK, AN, AP and AK in the soil are measured;
[0037] In the uncultivated soil, the SOM content is 18.68 g / kg, the TN is 0.781 g / kg, the TP is 0.423 g / kg, the TK is 8.47 g / kg, the AN is 21 mg / kg, the AP is 28.58 mg / kg, and the AK is 84.48 mg / kg;
[0038] In the soil where vegetables are planted for a long time, the SOM content is increased to 33.51 g / kg, the TN is 1.68 g / kg, the TP is 1.386 g / kg, the TK is 8.94 g / kg, the AN is 42 mg / kg, the AP is as high as 192.68 mg / kg, and the AK is 175.18 mg / kg.
[0039] According to the National Second Soil Survey Soil Nutrient Classification Standard (Table 1), in the uncultivated soil nutrient grade, TK, AN and AP are at V, VI and II levels respectively, while SOM, TN and TP are at IV level, indicating that the overall uncultivated soil nutrient is at a lower level, and there is an imbalance between the nutrient elements. At the same time, the soil nutrient grade of the soil where vegetables are planted for a long time is significantly improved, except that TK and AN are still at V level, SOM, TN, TP, AP and AK all reach II or I level, showing the characteristics of high soil nutrient enrichment.
[0040] (2) When TN is greater than or equal to 1.5 g / kg and AP is greater than or equal to 150 mg / kg, morchella is rotated for one season, and the nutrient package is rotovated and returned to the field after being unpacked; the formula of the nutrient package is 61% of wheat grains, 30% of corn cobs, 5% of bran, 3% of corn flour, and 1% of lime, with a water content of 60%.
[0041] (3) Leafy vegetables are planted in spring of the next year, and high-potassium varieties are preferred, and the potassium fertilizer application amount is reduced by 50%-70%;
[0042] (4) Based on the soil nutrient dynamic model, adjust the rotation period to 1-2 years until TN, TP and AK all reach the III level standard.
[0043] The initial input mass of the Morchella nutrition package in step (2) is 18-25 tons per hectare.
[0044] In step (3), the leafy vegetables are spinach or rape, and the planting density is 20 cm x 25 cm.
[0045] Example 4: A facility vegetable-Morchella rotation system and its soil nutrient dynamic balance method
[0046] A facility vegetable-Morchella rotation system and its soil nutrient dynamic balance method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
[0047] (1) After the facility vegetable base is harvested in autumn, the soil SOM (soil organic matter), TN (total nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus), TK (total potassium), AN (ammonia nitrogen in soil), AP (available phosphorus), and AK (available potassium) contents are determined.
[0048] In uncultivated soil, the soil SOM content ranges from 19.88 g / kg, TN is 0.808 g / kg, TP is 0.462 g / kg, TK is 8.78 g / kg, AN is 21 mg / kg, AP is 30.76 mg / kg, and AK is 87.29 mg / kg.
[0049] In soil that has been continuously planted with vegetables for a long time, the SOM content increases to 35.67 g / kg, TN reaches 1.75 g / kg, TP is 1.392 g / kg, TK is 9.03 g / kg, AN is 47.25 mg / kg, AP is as high as 200.78 mg / kg, and AK is 175.18-178.78 mg / kg.
[0050] According to the National Second Soil Survey Soil Nutrient Classification Standard (Table 1), in the uncultivated soil nutrient grade, TK, AN and AP are in V, VI and II levels respectively, while SOM, TN and TP are in IV level, indicating that the uncultivated soil nutrient is generally at a lower level, and there is an imbalance among the nutrient elements. At the same time, the soil nutrient grade of long-term continuous planting of vegetables is significantly improved, except that TK and AN are still in V level, SOM, TN, TP, AP and AK all reach II or I level, showing the characteristics of high enrichment of soil nutrients.
[0051] (2) When TN is greater than or equal to 1.5 g / kg and AP is greater than or equal to 150 mg / kg, the Morchella is rotated for one season, and the nutrient package is disassembled and then plowed in place; the formula of the nutrient package is 61% wheat grains, 30% corn cobs, 5% bran, 3% corn flour, and 1% lime, with a water content of 60%.
[0052] (3) In the spring of the next year, leafy vegetables are planted, and high-potassium varieties are preferred, and the potassium fertilizer application amount is reduced by 50%-70%;
[0053] (4) Based on the soil nutrient dynamic model, the rotation period is adjusted to 1-2 years until TN, TP and AK all reach the III level standard.
[0054] In step (2), the initial input mass of the Morchella nutrient package is 18-25 tons per hectare.
[0055] In step (3), the leafy vegetables are spinach or rape, and the planting density is 20 cm x 25 cm.
[0056] The above-described is only to explain the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in any form, so any modification or change made in the same spirit of the present application related to the present application shall still be included in the scope intended to be protected by the present application.
Claims
1. A method for dynamic soil nutrient balance in an improved facility vegetable base based on vegetable-morel mushroom rotation, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: After the autumn harvest at the facility vegetable base, measure the content of TN, TP, and AP in the soil; Step 2: When the TN of the soil in the facility vegetable base is ≥1.5g / kg and AP is ≥150 mg / kg, rotate morel mushrooms for one season, and after harvesting morel mushrooms, unpack the nutrient packs and return them to the field by rotary tillage. Step 3: Plant leafy vegetables the following spring, and reduce potassium fertilizer application by 50%-70%; Step 4: Based on the soil nutrient status, adjust the crop rotation cycle to 1-2 years until TN, TP, and AK all meet the standards.
2. The method for dynamic soil nutrient balance in an improved facility vegetable base based on vegetable-morel rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the initial input mass of the nutrient packs is 18-25 tons per hectare.
3. The method for dynamic soil nutrient balance in improved facility vegetable bases based on vegetable-morel rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Leafy vegetables include spinach or rapeseed, with a planting density of 15-25cm × 20-30cm between plants and rows.