Method and equipment for preparing high-entropy alloy welding material through heat-assisted cutting

Abstract

The invention provides a method and equipment for preparing a high-entropy alloy welding material through heat-assisted cutting, and the method takes a high-entropy alloy bar subjected to surface pretreatment as a base material, and comprises the following steps in a vacuum sealed environment: setting cutting parameters; induction preheating is conducted on the to-be-cut area; the diameter of base metal is monitored in real time, the rotating speed of a spindle is compensated in a stepped mode to maintain constant-linear-speed dynamic cutting, and a welding wire blank is obtained; and finally, online and synchronous pressurization shaping and heating post-treatment are conducted, and the high-entropy alloy welding wire is obtained. The corollary equipment provided by the invention integrates a numerical control lathe with a detachable induction coil, a welding material processing mechanism for online shaping and heating, a numerical control table for realizing cooperative control and a vacuum sealing system. The thermal assistance-dynamic cutting-on-line shaping integrated process replaces a traditional lengthy drawing annealing process, the problem that continuous wire forming of the low-plasticity high-entropy alloy is difficult is solved, and the method has the outstanding advantages of being short in process, low in energy consumption and high in welding wire quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new materials technology, and relates to the manufacture of special welding materials. Specifically, it relates to a method for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting, and also relates to an apparatus for implementing the above method. Background Technology

[0002] High-entropy alloys are composed of five or more principal elements in near-equiatomic ratios. They exhibit high mixing entropy, lattice distortion, and hysteretic diffusion effects, thus demonstrating superior performance and are widely studied in aerospace, marine engineering, and high-end welding fields. Currently, the industrial production of high-entropy alloy welding wire almost entirely adopts the traditional process of "melting and casting—homogenization—hot forging—hot rolling—multi-pass cold drawing—online annealing." This route uses high-entropy alloy ingots after vacuum melting as the base material, and obtains fine-grained structure and drawable plasticity through high-temperature large deformation and repeated annealing.

[0003] However, this process reveals the following insurmountable drawbacks when dealing with novel high-entropy alloys with high hardness and low plasticity: (1) Homogenization annealing requires a high temperature of 1000-1200℃ and a processing time of 12-24 hours. After each cold drawing, intermediate annealing at 700-800℃ is required. The overall energy consumption is 2-3 times higher than that of conventional stainless steel welding wire, and the production cycle is extended to tens of hours; (2) Repeated high-temperature annealing promotes grain coarsening and brittle phase precipitation, resulting in a decrease in the strength-plasticity matching of the welding wire; (3) When the elongation is ≤5%, traditional drawing basically fails, and it is impossible to prepare ultra-fine or irregularly shaped welding wires, which limits the application of high-entropy alloys in micro-connection and additive manufacturing. In order to avoid the above defects, the industry has tried to adopt forming technologies such as melt rapid quenching thin strip rolling, powder hot isostatic pressing-extrusion or rotary forging, but the equipment investment is large and it is still difficult to achieve long-size, continuous, and low-cost welding wire preparation.

[0004] Therefore, developing a method for preparing welding wire that allows direct forming of the base material without repeated high-temperature annealing has become an urgent need in the field of high-entropy alloy welding materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide a highly efficient and low-energy-consumption method that can bypass traditional drawing processes and achieve direct and continuous forming of low-plasticity, high-entropy alloy welding wire.

[0006] The second objective of this invention is to provide a highly efficient and low-energy-consumption device that can bypass traditional drawing processes and achieve direct and continuous forming of low-plasticity, high-entropy alloy welding wire.

[0007] One of the technical solutions adopted by this invention to achieve its objective is to provide a method for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting, comprising the following steps: S1. Pre-treat the surface of the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material; S2. Place the pretreated high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material on a CNC lathe in a vacuum-sealed environment and set the cutting parameters, including a constant cutting line speed. S3. Induction heating is used to locally preheat the area to be cut of the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material to improve its plastic deformation capacity. S4. According to the preset cutting parameters, the preheated high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material is subjected to dynamic cutting at a constant linear speed. The change in the diameter of the base material is monitored in real time and compensated in a stepwise manner to increase the spindle speed in order to maintain the constant cutting linear speed and obtain a uniform and continuous welding wire blank. S5. After the welding wire blank leaves the cutting station and before winding, it is subjected to online and synchronous pressure shaping and heating post-treatment operations to obtain high-entropy alloy welding wire.

[0008] The overall concept and inventive principle of this invention are as follows: This invention is based on a novel inventive concept, directly preparing welding wire from continuous chips of high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material through a precisely controlled cutting process. To achieve this goal, this invention designs an integrated process preparation method. The core idea of ​​this method lies in combining local thermoplastic treatment of the material, constant linear velocity dynamic forming, and online defect control. Specifically, firstly, the area to be cut of the base material is locally preheated in a protective atmosphere using induction heating to enhance its plasticity; then, by monitoring the diameter of the base material in real time and dynamically compensating the spindle speed, a constant cutting linear velocity is maintained, thereby obtaining a welding wire blank with uniform dimensions and continuous structure; finally, after the welding wire blank leaves the cutting station and before winding, it is immediately subjected to synchronous pressure shaping and online heat treatment by integrated rollers and heating coils to eliminate surface defects and work hardening. This method, through an integrated process flow, eliminates the multiple hot deformation and intermediate annealing processes in traditional welding wire preparation, providing a new short-process solution for the preparation of high-hardness, low-plasticity high-entropy alloy welding wire.

[0009] Further, in step S1, the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material comprises five core elements: Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, and Nb, and one or more of Ni, Al, and Mg. The high-entropy alloy formed by this composition system typically exhibits a face-centered cubic or body-centered cubic solid solution structure, possessing high strength, high hardness, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, these superior properties are often accompanied by poor room-temperature plasticity and a severe tendency for work hardening, making it difficult to process them into continuous, slender welding wires using traditional "drawing-annealing" processes. The "heat-assisted cutting-online shaping" method provided by this invention offers an effective technical path to solve the problem of preparing welding wires from such difficult-to-deform high-entropy alloys. This method, by applying local preheating to the cutting zone, specifically improves the material's plastic rheological ability during processing, avoiding grain coarsening and performance degradation caused by overall heat treatment; simultaneously, the integrated online post-processing step can instantly repair defects such as surface microcracks caused by the material's high hardness. Therefore, the method of the present invention is well-suited to the composition and properties of high-entropy alloys, providing a reliable process guarantee for the short-process, low-energy-consumption preparation of high-quality welding wires.

[0010] Preferably, the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material has a diameter of 50-70 mm, a length of 220-300 mm, and a cutting length of 180-250 mm.

[0011] Further, in step S1, the pretreatment includes pickling, water washing, surface defect removal, and drying. Preferably, the pretreatment of the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material involves pickling with 10%-20% hydrochloric acid at room temperature for 40-80 seconds, followed by water washing to thoroughly remove residual acid. The water washing time should be comparable to the pickling time, and complete drying should be ensured to prevent residual corrosive media from damaging the cutting tool or contaminating the base material. When there are obvious defects on the base material surface, the alloy surface defects are cut using a cutting tool to a depth of 3-5 mm.

[0012] Further, in step S2, the cutting parameters include: an initial spindle output speed of 40-50 rpm; a feed rate of 50-60 mm / min; a cutting tool feed rate of 1.4-1.8 mm; a depth of cut of 3-5 mm; and a constant tool linear speed of 6-10 m / min. Among these cutting parameters, the lower cutting linear speed combined with the fine feed rate aims to reduce dynamic impact and instantaneous thermal load during the cutting process, providing stable and controllable plastic shear conditions for the high-entropy alloy. This is the foundation for forming a continuous and uniform welding wire blank. Simultaneously, the relatively large depth of cut of 3-5 mm directly determines the final blank diameter of the welding wire, achieving near-net-shape forming from bar stock to wire. The initial spindle speed of 40-50 rpm is a matching value calculated based on the initial diameter of the base material and the target constant linear speed. These parameters work together to ensure that the material separates from the base material in a stable streamlined shape throughout the cutting process, thus providing a crucial guarantee for obtaining high-quality welding wire with consistent dimensions and a dense microstructure.

[0013] Further, in step S3, the diameter of the induction coil is 20%-50% larger than the diameter of the base material; the induction heating temperature is 550-600℃, and the induction heating time is 2-4 minutes. This preheating stage provides a uniform and consistent processing zone for subsequent constant linear velocity dynamic cutting. The fact that the induction coil diameter is 20%-50% larger than the base material diameter ensures that the heating field can uniformly cover the cutting area of ​​the rod-shaped base material, avoiding uneven plasticity caused by local overheating or underheating. For the high-entropy alloy of the aforementioned composition, within the preheating temperature range of 550-600℃, its rheological stress is significantly reduced, while its high-temperature plasticity and deformation capacity are greatly improved. This transformation allows the material to shift from a potential brittle fracture mode to continuous and stable shear rheology when subjected to high strain rates generated by cutting, which is a necessary condition for forming a qualified welding wire blank. Simultaneously, this temperature is strictly controlled below the typical recrystallization temperature of the high-entropy alloy, effectively avoiding microstructural damage such as grain coarsening and phase transformation. With a heating time of 2-4 minutes, the heat can fully penetrate to the plastic layer required for the cutting depth, ensuring that the material on the entire shear surface is in the best plastic state.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S4, a fixed time interval is used as the compensation period. At the end of each period, the spindle speed is calculated and set once based on the diameter at the end of the period, thereby increasing the spindle speed in a stepwise manner to maintain the constant cutting speed.

[0015] Specifically, the spindle servo motor is started to drive the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material to rotate, and the tool servo motor is started to perform reciprocating cutting according to the set feed rate. During the cutting process, the aforementioned stepped compensation strategy is adopted to obtain a uniform and continuous welding wire blank. As the main embodiment of the present invention, the stepped compensation is implemented through a one-time compensation mode, that is: within each compensation cycle, the spindle speed is kept constant, and at the end of the cycle, the compensation is based on the reduction in the diameter of the base material within that cycle. ΔD The new spindle speed setting value is calculated based on the real-time diameter at the end of the cycle, and the compensation is completed in one go.

[0016] In addition, the present invention provides a more accurate instantaneous compensation mode, which calculates and outputs the compensation command of the spindle speed in real time based on the instantaneous diameter and the compensation formula.

[0017] Preferably, in the instantaneous compensation mode, the current diameter of the base material is monitored in real time. D(t) The instantaneous speed compensation is calculated using the following formula:

[0018] in, Δn(t) The spindle speed that needs to be compensated per second, in rpm / s; V The cutting speed is constant, and the unit is mm / s; D(t) This is the current workpiece diameter, in mm. ΔD The amount of diameter reduction after each cut is expressed in mm; Δt The time required for each cut is expressed in seconds (s).

[0019] In this invention, the aforementioned dynamic compensation mechanism is the core control strategy for achieving high-quality continuous cutting of welding wire. During turning with a fixed feed rate, as the diameter of the base material increases... D(t) As the diameter decreases, if the spindle speed remains constant, the cutting speed will continue to decline. This will directly lead to fluctuations in cutting force and uneven cutting temperature, resulting in uneven thickness of the welding wire blank, deterioration of surface quality, and even breakage. This invention constructs a forward-looking control model through the aforementioned dynamic compensation strategy, the core of which is to provide a linear velocity conservation solution based on diameter feedback. Whether it is a periodic one-time compensation mode or an instantaneous compensation mode, the fundamental principle is to precisely offset the decrease in linear velocity caused by the reduction in diameter by increasing the spindle speed. This constant linear velocity condition ensures that the shear stress and plastic rheological process acting on the material are highly stable, thus directly determining that the stripped welding wire blank can maintain uniform cross-sectional dimensions, consistent internal structure, and smooth surface morphology, which is an important prerequisite for ultimately obtaining high-performance welding wire.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S5, the pressure applied for shaping is 150-250 MPa; the online heating temperature is 300-500℃; and the processing speed of the post-processing operation is consistent with the cutting speed, with a deviation of no more than ±1%. The pressure of 150-250 MPa is sufficient for sizing and finishing the welding wire blank, effectively closing surface microcracks. The online heating of 350-450℃ serves as stress-relief annealing, eliminating work hardening introduced by cutting and restoring material plasticity. Crucially, the post-processing speed and cutting speed are highly synchronized (deviation ≤ ±1%). This ensures that no additional tensile or compressive stress is generated inside the welding wire during the entire post-processing finishing process, thus avoiding morphological damage, dimensional fluctuations, or internal defects caused by speed mismatch, ultimately guaranteeing the geometric accuracy and mechanical property consistency of the finished product.

[0021] Further, in step S5, the diameter of the high-entropy alloy welding wire is 2.8-5.2 mm. Preferably, the diameter of the high-entropy alloy welding wire is 2.8-3.2 mm, 3.8-4.2 mm, or 4.8-5.2 mm.

[0022] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the objective of the present invention is: to provide an apparatus for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting as described in the first objective of the present invention, comprising: a CNC lathe, a welding material processing mechanism, a CNC table and a vacuum sealing system; The CNC lathe is equipped with a double three-jaw chuck, a detachable induction heating coil, and cutting tools; the detachable induction heating coil is arranged at the cutting station for local preheating of the base material; the cutting tools are made of ceramic-coated cemented carbide or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride. The welding material processing mechanism integrates a welding material heating coil and rollers, which are used to heat and pressurize the welding wire blanks after they have left the cutting station. The surface of the rollers is provided with grooves that match the diameter of the target welding wire, and the difference between the radius of the grooves and the radius of the target welding wire is ≤0.02mm. The CNC console is electrically connected to the CNC lathe and the welding material processing mechanism, and is used to control and synchronize the spindle speed, tool feed rate and roller linear speed. The vacuum sealing system covers the processing area of ​​the CNC lathe and the welding material processing mechanism.

[0023] The equipment for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials using heat-assisted cutting provided by this invention features a double three-jaw chuck and a detachable induction heating coil, which together ensure high-rigidity clamping and precise local preheating of the base material in a vacuum-sealed environment. Ceramic-coated or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutting tools directly address the high hardness of the high-entropy alloy, ensuring the sustainability of the continuous cutting process. The online integration of the welding material processing mechanism and the CNC lathe allows for seamless heating and pressure shaping of the welding wire blank immediately after cutting, thus integrating traditional separate processes into a compact, continuous flow. The CNC table's coordinated control of spindle speed, feed rate, and roller linear speed maintains stable system operation and ensures consistent welding wire dimensions. The vacuum sealing system provides an oxidation-free protective environment for the welding wire cutting and preparation process. Structurally, this equipment integrates three major functional modules: heat-assisted plasticization, dynamic precision cutting, and online collaborative post-processing, meeting the requirements for the smooth execution of short-process, high-performance welding wire preparation technologies.

[0024] Furthermore, the CNC console incorporates a dynamic compensation module configured to calculate and set the spindle speed at the end of each cycle based on the diameter at the end of the cycle, thereby gradually increasing the spindle speed to maintain a constant cutting speed. This dynamic compensation module is the specific execution unit of the constant cutting speed control strategy. It converts the monitored base material diameter signal into control commands, ensuring that the core dynamic compensation logic of the method is accurately and automatically implemented.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention provides a method for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting. By integrating three core steps—local heat-assisted plasticization, constant linear velocity dynamic cutting, and online collaborative post-processing—the method achieves continuous and stable forming of welding wires from high-hardness, low-plasticity, high-entropy alloys. This method utilizes local preheating to significantly improve the plasticity of the material, allowing brittle alloys to form welding wire blanks through continuous shear rheology; by maintaining constant linear velocity cutting through a dynamic speed compensation mechanism, the dimensional uniformity and microstructure consistency of the welding wire blanks are fundamentally guaranteed; finally, online and synchronous pressure shaping and heat treatment are used to immediately repair surface defects and eliminate work hardening. Compared with the traditional "melting-casting-hot forging-hot rolling-multi-pass cold drawing-annealing" process, this method completely eliminates the energy-intensive repeated high-temperature heat treatment and complex multi-pass deformation process. It not only greatly shortens the production process and avoids grain coarsening and performance degradation caused by repeated annealing, but also reduces the stringent requirements on raw material specifications. Only cast bars need to be pre-treated before they can be put into production. Thus, while ensuring the high quality of welding wire, it achieves a significant reduction in production energy consumption and cost.

[0026] (2) The present invention provides a device for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting, which integrates a CNC lathe, a welding material processing mechanism, a CNC table, and a vacuum sealing system. The lathe equipped with a detachable induction coil ensures precise local preheating, the dedicated cutting tool ensures sustainable cutting of the high-entropy alloy, and the integrated welding material processing mechanism achieves seamless connection from cutting and forming to online finishing. The CNC table, as the control center, ensures the accurate execution of dynamic compensation logic and speed matching between preceding and following processes through precise coordinated control of spindle speed, feed rate, and roller linear speed. This integrated equipment design makes the entire preparation process continuous, closed, and highly automated, not only broadening the processing adaptability to different specifications of base materials, but also fundamentally ensuring the dimensional stability and consistent performance of the final welding wire product, providing a reliable equipment foundation for the short-process, low-cost manufacturing of high-performance high-entropy alloy welding wire. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a method for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the welding material cutting equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the CNC lathe in the equipment provided in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the welding material processing mechanism in the equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a photograph of the high-entropy alloy welding wire prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a photograph of the high-entropy alloy welding wire prepared in Example 2 of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a photograph of the high-entropy alloy welding wire prepared in Example 3 of the present invention. Among them, 1-CNC lathe; 11-three-jaw chuck; 12-base material heating coil; 13-tool; 14-alloy welding material; 2-welding material processing mechanism; 21-welding material heating coil; 22-roller; 3-CNC table. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0030] This invention provides a method for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials using heat-assisted cutting, the process flow diagram of which is shown below. Figure 1 As shown. This method is based on a set of equipment for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting. The overall structure of the equipment is as follows. Figure 2 As shown. The equipment includes: a CNC lathe, a welding material processing mechanism, a CNC table, and a vacuum sealing system, the vacuum sealing system covering the processing areas of the CNC lathe and the welding material processing mechanism.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the CNC lathe is equipped with a double three-jaw chuck, a detachable induction heating coil, and a cutting tool; the detachable induction heating coil is arranged at the cutting station for local preheating of the base material; the cutting tool is made of ceramic-coated cemented carbide or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the welding material processing mechanism integrates a welding material heating coil and rollers, which are used to heat and pressurize the welding wire blanks that have left the cutting station online; the surface of the rollers is provided with grooves that match the diameter of the target welding wire, and the difference between the radius of the grooves and the radius of the target welding wire is ≤0.02mm.

[0033] The CNC console is electrically connected to the CNC lathe and the welding material processing mechanism, and is used to control and synchronize the spindle speed, tool feed rate, and roller linear speed. The dynamic compensation module built into the CNC console is configured to calculate and set the spindle speed once at the end of each cycle based on the diameter at the end of the cycle, thereby increasing the spindle speed in a stepwise manner to maintain a constant cutting linear speed.

[0034] The method for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting provided in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-treat the surface of the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material; the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material has a diameter of 50-70 mm, a length of 220-300 mm, and a cutting length of 180-250 mm. The composition of the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material includes five core elements: Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, and Nb, as well as one or more of Ni, Al, and Mg; the pre-treatment of the surface of the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material includes: pickling with 10%-20% hydrochloric acid at room temperature for 40-80 seconds, followed by rinsing with water to thoroughly remove residual acid from the surface. The rinsing time should be equivalent to the pickling time, and complete drying should be ensured to avoid residual corrosive media damaging the cutting tool or contaminating the base material.

[0035] Step 2: Place the pretreated high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material on a CNC lathe in a vacuum-sealed environment, and set the cutting parameters, including a constant cutting speed: initial output speed of the spindle 40-50 rpm; feed rate of the feed mechanism 50-60 mm / min; feed amount of the cutting tool 1.4-1.8 mm; depth of cut 3-5 mm; constant cutting speed of the cutting tool 6-10 m / min.

[0036] Step 3: Locally preheat the area to be cut of the high-entropy alloy rod base material using induction heating to improve its plastic deformation capacity; the diameter of the induction coil is 20%-50% larger than the diameter of the base material; the induction heating temperature is 550-600℃, and the induction heating time is 2-4 minutes.

[0037] Step 4: According to the preset cutting parameters, start the spindle servo motor to drive the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material to rotate, and start the tool servo motor to perform reciprocating cutting according to the set feed rate; during the cutting process, a dynamic compensation strategy is adopted, with a fixed time interval as the compensation cycle. Δt During each compensation cycle, the spindle speed is kept constant, and at the end of the cycle, the reduction in the diameter of the base material during that cycle is used as the basis for calculation. ΔD The new spindle speed setting value is calculated based on the real-time diameter at the end of the cycle, and the compensation is completed in one go. In this way, the spindle speed is increased stepwise to maintain a constant cutting line speed and obtain a uniform and continuous welding wire blank. Step 5: After the welding wire blank leaves the cutting station and before winding, it undergoes online, synchronous pressure shaping and heating post-treatment to obtain high-entropy alloy welding wire; wherein, the pressure of pressure shaping is 150-250 MPa; the online heating temperature is 350-450℃; the processing line speed of the post-treatment operation is consistent with the cutting line speed, with a deviation of no more than ±1%; the diameter of the obtained high-entropy alloy welding wire is 2.8-5.2 mm.

[0038] It should be noted that before each high-entropy alloy welding material cutting preparation, it is necessary to check whether all mechanisms in the equipment are operating normally, and to confirm that the CNC lathe, welding material processing mechanism, and vacuum sealing system are in normal condition. In specific operation, firstly, outside the vacuum sealing system, the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material undergoes pretreatment in step 1, including pickling, washing, drying, and cutting away surface defects, resulting in a clean base material. Subsequently, the pretreated base material is clamped onto the CNC lathe in the vacuum sealing environment, and steps 2-5 are performed.

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but these are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0040] It should be noted that the aforementioned compensation formula Δn(t)The calculation method precisely describes the mathematical model of the instantaneous compensation rate required to maintain a constant linear velocity, constituting the core principle of the control strategy of this invention. The stepped compensation scheme shown in this embodiment is an optimization result of periodically sampling and executing the mathematical model, based on engineering considerations of control system stability and computational efficiency, while ensuring the realization of the core principle. Both are completely consistent in their fundamental concept of maintaining a constant linear velocity by dynamically increasing the rotational speed to compensate for the decrease in diameter.

[0041] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting. The base material is a high-entropy alloy (Fe 18at%, Co 18at%, Cr 18at%, Ni 18at%, Al 18at%, Mn 8at%, Nb 2at%) with a diameter of 50mm and a length of 220mm. The cutting length on the base material is 180mm. A ceramic-coated wear-resistant tool is used, and an induction heating coil with a diameter of 80mm is used.

[0042] The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-treatment of the base material surface. Use 10%-20% hydrochloric acid at room temperature for 60 seconds. After pickling, rinse with water to thoroughly remove any residual acid from the surface. The rinsing time should be similar to the pickling time, and ensure complete drying to avoid residual corrosive media damaging the cutting tool or contaminating the base material.

[0043] Step 2: Adjust the parameters on the CNC table. Set the initial output speed of the spindle to 40 rpm, the feed rate of the feed mechanism to 1 mm / s (60 mm / min), the feed amount of the cutting tool to 1.8 mm, the depth of cut to 3 mm, the constant linear speed of the turning tool to 104.6 mm / s (6.28 m / min), and the speed of the welding material processing mechanism to 104.6 mm / s.

[0044] Step 3: Start the induction coil to preheat the base material at a temperature of 550℃ for 3 minutes.

[0045] Step 4: Start the spindle servo motor to drive the workpiece to rotate, and simultaneously start the tool servo motor to adjust the feed rate, then perform reciprocating cutting. The spindle speed is compensated in a stepped manner to maintain a constant cutting speed, and the compensation cycle is... Δt The diameter reduction within each compensation cycle is 180 s. ΔD The diameter is 6 mm. The spindle speed is calculated and set once at the end of each cycle based on the diameter at the end of the cycle. Table 1 below shows an example of the compensation parameters for the first 540 seconds.

[0046] Table 1

[0047] Step 5: After the welding wire blank leaves the cutting station and before winding, it undergoes online, synchronous pressure shaping and heating post-treatment using a welding material processing mechanism to obtain a high-entropy alloy welding wire. The roller pressure on the welding material is 200MPa, and the heating temperature is 380℃ to remove surface microcracks and protrusions, ultimately obtaining a high-entropy alloy welding wire with a diameter of 2.8-3.2mm. Figure 5 As shown.

[0048] Testing revealed that the high-entropy alloy welding wire obtained in this embodiment has a uniform diameter and a smooth surface, making it suitable for direct welding. Compared to the lengthy traditional process of "casting—homogenization annealing—hot forging—hot rolling—multi-pass cold drawing—annealing," this invention utilizes an integrated process of "induction preheating, dynamic cutting, and online shaping," completely eliminating the most energy-intensive hot deformation and repeated intermediate annealing processes. This achieves direct and continuous forming from cast high-entropy alloy bars into high-performance welding wire. This not only significantly shortens the production cycle and avoids grain coarsening and performance degradation caused by repeated high-temperature heat treatment, but also substantially reduces energy consumption and processing costs from the source.

[0049] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting. The base material is a high-entropy alloy (Ni22at%, Fe20at%, Co18at%, Cr18at%, Mn18at%, Nb4at%) with a diameter of 60mm and a length of 250mm. A ceramic-coated wear-resistant tool is used to cut a length of 200mm on the base material, and an induction heating coil with a diameter of 85mm is used.

[0050] The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-treatment of the base material surface. Use 10%-20% hydrochloric acid at room temperature for 60 seconds. After pickling, rinse with water to thoroughly remove any residual acid from the surface. The rinsing time should be similar to the pickling time, and ensure complete drying to avoid residual corrosive media damaging the cutting tool or contaminating the base material.

[0051] Step 2: Adjust various parameters on the CNC table. Set the initial output speed of the spindle to 50 rpm, the feed rate of the feed mechanism to 0.83 mm / s (50 mm / min), the feed amount of the cutting tool to 1.8 mm, the depth of cut to 4 mm, the constant linear speed of the turning tool to 157 mm / s (9.42 m / min), and the speed of the welding material processing mechanism to 157 mm / s. Step 3: Start the induction coil to preheat the base material at 600℃ for 3 minutes.

[0052] Step 4: Start the spindle servo motor to drive the workpiece to rotate, and simultaneously start the tool servo motor to adjust the feed rate, then perform reciprocating cutting. The spindle speed is compensated in a stepped manner to maintain a constant cutting speed, and the compensation cycle is... Δt The diameter reduction within each compensation cycle is 240 s. ΔD The diameter is 8 mm. The spindle speed is calculated and set once at the end of each cycle based on the diameter at the end of the cycle. Table 2 below shows examples of parameters for the first 720 seconds.

[0053] Table 2

[0054] Step 5: After the welding wire blank leaves the cutting station and before winding, it undergoes online, synchronous pressure shaping and heating post-treatment using a welding material processing mechanism to obtain a high-entropy alloy welding wire. The roller pressure on the welding material is 225 MPa, and the heating temperature is 400℃ to remove surface micro-cracks and protrusions, ultimately obtaining a high-entropy alloy welding wire with a diameter of 3.8-4.2 mm. Figure 6 As shown.

[0055] Testing revealed that the high-entropy alloy welding wire obtained in this embodiment has a uniform diameter and a smooth surface, making it suitable for direct welding. Compared to the lengthy traditional process of "casting—homogenization annealing—hot forging—hot rolling—multi-pass cold drawing—annealing," this invention utilizes an integrated process of "induction preheating, dynamic cutting, and online shaping," completely eliminating the most energy-intensive hot deformation and repeated intermediate annealing processes. This achieves direct and continuous forming from cast high-entropy alloy bars into high-performance welding wire. This not only significantly shortens the production cycle and avoids grain coarsening and performance degradation caused by repeated high-temperature heat treatment, but also substantially reduces energy consumption and processing costs from the source.

[0056] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting. The base material is a high-entropy alloy (Mg20at%, Fe20at%, Co18at%, Cr18at%, Mn18at%, Nb6at%) with a diameter of 70mm and a length of 300mm. A ceramic-coated wear-resistant tool is used to cut a length of 250mm on the base material. An induction heating coil with a diameter of 100mm is used.

[0057] The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-treatment of the base material surface. Use 10%-20% hydrochloric acid at room temperature for 60 seconds. After pickling, rinse with water to thoroughly remove any residual acid from the surface. The rinsing time should be similar to the pickling time, and ensure complete drying to avoid residual corrosive media damaging the cutting tool or contaminating the base material.

[0058] Step 2: Adjust various parameters on the CNC table. Set the initial output speed of the spindle to 40 rpm, the feed rate of the feed mechanism to 0.83 mm / s, the feed amount of the cutting tool to 1.4 mm, the constant linear speed of the turning tool to 146.5 mm / s (8.79 m / min), the depth of cut to 5 mm, and the speed of the welding material handling mechanism to 146.5 mm / s. Step 3: Start the induction coil to preheat the base material at 550℃ for 3 minutes.

[0059] Step 4: Start the spindle servo motor to drive the workpiece to rotate, and simultaneously start the tool servo motor to adjust the feed rate, then perform reciprocating cutting. The spindle speed is compensated in a stepped manner to maintain a constant cutting speed, and the compensation cycle is... Δt The diameter reduction within each compensation cycle is 300 s. ΔD The value is 10 mm. The spindle speed is calculated and set once at the end of each cycle based on the diameter at the end of the cycle. Table 3 below shows examples of parameters for the first 900 seconds.

[0060] Table 3

[0061] Step 5: After the welding wire blank leaves the cutting station and before winding, it undergoes online, synchronous pressure shaping and heating post-treatment using a welding material processing mechanism to obtain a high-entropy alloy welding wire. The roller pressure on the welding material is 250 MPa, and the heating temperature is 420℃ to remove surface micro-cracks and protrusions, ultimately obtaining a high-entropy alloy welding wire with a diameter of 4.8-5.2 mm. Figure 7 As shown.

[0062] Testing revealed that the high-entropy alloy welding wire obtained in this embodiment has a uniform diameter and a smooth surface, making it suitable for direct welding. Compared to the lengthy traditional process of "casting—homogenization annealing—hot forging—hot rolling—multi-pass cold drawing—annealing," this invention utilizes an integrated process of "induction preheating, dynamic cutting, and online shaping," completely eliminating the most energy-intensive hot deformation and repeated intermediate annealing processes. This achieves direct and continuous forming from cast high-entropy alloy bars into high-performance welding wire. This not only significantly shortens the production cycle and avoids grain coarsening and performance degradation caused by repeated high-temperature heat treatment, but also substantially reduces energy consumption and processing costs from the source.

[0063] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should recognize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the content of this specification should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pre-treat the surface of the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material; S2. Place the pretreated high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material on a CNC lathe in a vacuum-sealed environment and set the cutting parameters, including a constant cutting line speed. S3. Induction heating is used to locally preheat the area to be cut of the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material to improve its plastic deformation capacity. S4. According to the preset cutting parameters, the preheated high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material is subjected to dynamic cutting at a constant linear speed. The change in the diameter of the base material is monitored in real time and compensated in a stepwise manner to increase the spindle speed in order to maintain the constant cutting linear speed and obtain a uniform and continuous welding wire blank. S5. After the welding wire blank leaves the cutting station and before winding, it is subjected to online and synchronous pressure shaping and heating post-treatment operations to obtain high-entropy alloy welding wire.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the high-entropy alloy rod-shaped base material comprises five core elements: Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, and Nb, as well as one or more of Ni, Al, and Mg.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the pretreatment includes pickling, water washing, surface defect removal and drying.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the cutting parameters include: initial output speed of the spindle 40-50 rpm; feed rate of the feed mechanism 50-60 mm / min; feed amount of the cutting tool 1.4-1.8 mm; depth of cut 3-5 mm; and constant linear speed of the cutting tool 6-10 m / min.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the diameter of the induction coil is 20%-50% larger than the diameter of the base material; the induction heating temperature is 550-600℃, and the induction heating time is 2-4 minutes.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, a fixed time interval is used as the compensation period. At the end of each period, the spindle speed is calculated and set once based on the diameter at the end of the period, thereby increasing the spindle speed in a stepwise manner.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the pressure for pressure shaping is 150-250 MPa; the online heating temperature is 350-450℃; the processing line speed of the post-processing operation is consistent with the cutting line speed, with a deviation of no more than ±1%.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the diameter of the high-entropy alloy welding wire is 2.8-5.2 mm.

9. An apparatus for implementing the method of preparing high-entropy alloy welding materials by heat-assisted cutting according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: CNC lathe (1), welding material processing mechanism (2), CNC table (3) and vacuum sealing system; The CNC lathe (1) is equipped with a double three-jaw chuck (11), a detachable induction heating coil (12), and a cutting tool (13); the detachable induction heating coil (12) is arranged at the cutting station for local preheating of the base material; the cutting tool (13) is made of ceramic-coated cemented carbide or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride. The welding material processing mechanism (2) integrates a welding material heating coil (21) and a roller (22) for online heating and pressure shaping of the welding wire blank that has left the cutting station; the surface of the roller (22) is provided with a groove that matches the diameter of the target welding wire, and the difference between the radius of the groove and the radius of the target welding wire is ≤0.02mm; The CNC table (3) is electrically connected to the CNC lathe (1) and the welding material processing mechanism (2) to control and synchronize the spindle speed, tool feed rate and roller linear speed; The vacuum sealing system covers the processing area of ​​the CNC lathe (1) and the welding material processing mechanism (2).

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The dynamic compensation module built into the CNC table (3) is configured to use a fixed time interval as the compensation cycle, and calculate and set the spindle speed once at the end of each cycle based on the diameter at the end of the cycle, thereby increasing the spindle speed in a stepwise manner and maintaining a constant cutting speed.

Images