Preparation method and application of biological organic fertilizer based on agricultural and forestry wastes

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a biological organic fertilizer based on agricultural and forestry wastes, and belongs to the technical field of biological organic fertilizers. According to the method, straw, agaric sticks, soybean meal, chicken manure and mushroom residues are used as raw materials, and a finished product is prepared through pretreatment (smashing till the particle size is smaller than or equal to 5 mm, and the water content is adjusted to be 55%-65%), fermentation (inoculation of complex microbial inoculants and windrow composting for 20-30 days) and post-treatment (smashing and screening till the particle size is 80-100 meshes, granulation and drying). By accurately regulating and controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25: 1 and optimizing process parameters, the organic matter content of the finished product is greater than or equal to 45%, and the effective viable count is greater than or equal to 0.5 billion / g. The fertilizer can be applied to crops such as tea and blueberries in a targeted mode, the yield and quality are improved, meanwhile, resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste is achieved, the soil ecology is improved, and remarkable economic and ecological benefits are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizer, and particularly relates to a bio-organic fertilizer preparation method based on agricultural and forestry wastes and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The agricultural and forestry wastes such as straw, fungus stick and mushroom residue are mainly treated by incineration and stacking, which not only causes waste of high-quality organic resources such as cellulose and lignin, but also causes environmental problems such as air pollution and soil occupation.

[0003] At the same time, long-term application of chemical fertilizer leads to degradation of soil ecosystem, and the area of soil compaction accounts for more than 40% of the total cultivated land area, the cultivated land with organic matter content less than 1% accounts for 16%, and the acidification soil (pH < 5.5) accounts for more than 60%. The nutrient utilization rate of chemical fertilizer is only 30%-40%, and the unabsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus enter the water body through leaching, causing eutrophication.

[0004] The existing bio-organic fertilizer technology has obvious bottlenecks. In terms of raw material ratio, it is relatively extensive, the control precision is insufficient, the fermentation period is as long as 40-60 days, and the phenomenon of insufficient composting is prone to occur; the function is not specific enough, and the general fertilizer cannot meet the specific needs of characteristic crops, such as the need of tea for magnesium element to promote chlorophyll synthesis and the need of blueberry for acidic environment; the process efficiency is also low, the pretreatment crushing is not complete (particle size > 10 mm), the fermentation temperature control is unbalanced (> 70℃ leads to inactivation of beneficial bacteria), and the effective viable bacteria number of the finished product is generally less than 0.2 billion / g, which is difficult to meet the NY884-2012 standard.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a bio-organic fertilizer preparation and application technology which can efficiently utilize agricultural and forestry wastes, accurately control the performance of fertilizer and adapt to the needs of characteristic crops, for promoting the green and sustainable development of agriculture. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present application proposes the following technical scheme:

[0007] A bio-organic fertilizer preparation method based on agricultural and forestry wastes, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, raw material pretreatment: mixing straw, fungus stick, soybean meal, chicken manure and mushroom residue according to a proportion, crushing to a particle size of ≤5mm, and adjusting the water content to 55%-65%;

[0009] S2, fermentation: inoculate the pretreated raw material with a complex microbial inoculant, adopt strip pile composting, control the pile height of 1.2-1.5 m, the width of 2-3 m, turn over once a day for the first 3 days, then turn over once every 2-3 days, turn over immediately when the temperature exceeds 65℃, ferment for 20-30 days until the material temperature drops to ambient temperature ±5℃, pH value is 6.5-7.5;

[0010] S3, post-processing: crush the composted material to 80-100 mesh, granulate to 2-4 mm particles, dry to a moisture content of ≤20%, and the finished product is obtained.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the raw materials in step S1 are as follows in terms of weight parts: straw 38-42 parts, wood ear fungus stick 28-30 parts, soybean meal 15-16 parts, chicken manure 8-10 parts, and mushroom residue 4.5-5 parts. Urea is added as needed to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the crushing in step S1 adopts a hierarchical treatment: the straw is coarsely crushed by a roller crusher and then finely crushed to 2-5 mm by a hammer mill; the wood ear fungus stick is crushed to 2-4 mm by a tooth claw crusher; the mushroom residue is impurity-removed by a vibrating screen and then crushed to 1-3 mm by a vertical crusher; the soybean meal and chicken manure are treated by a disc crusher and a spiral belt mixer, respectively, to 2-4 mm.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the water content adjustment in step (1) is calculated by the following formula:

[0014]

[0015] Wherein, Q is the total amount of water to be added, W i is the initial water content of the i-th raw material, M is the total mass of the mixed raw materials, W 目标 is the target water content, m i is the mass proportion of each raw material.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the complex microbial inoculant in step S2 is compounded by Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria, with a total effective viable count of ≥0.2 billion / g, and the addition amount is 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of the raw materials.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, in the complex microbial inoculant, the content of Bacillus subtilis is ≥0.08 billion / g, the content of yeast is ≥0.06 billion / g, and the content of lactic acid bacteria is ≥0.06 billion / g. The inoculant needs to be activated with 5 times the mass of the composted material for 24 hours before inoculation.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the strip pile composting in step S2 adopts hierarchical stacking, with a thickness of 30-40 cm per layer and a compaction density of 0.6-0.8 g / cm3 The bottom is paved with a 5cm thick straw layer, and the top is in the form of a 15° arc.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the granulation in step S3 uses a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator, the particle size is 2-4mm, and 0.5%-1% of a 5% humic acid solution is added as a binder if necessary, and the particle compressive strength is greater than or equal to 2.5N.

[0020] The application of the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the above method in tea planting, wherein 5%-8% of humic acid and 0.5%-1% of magnesium element are added to the fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied once in each ditch or hole after the spring tea is picked and before the autumn tea germinates, and the use amount is 50-80kg per mu, and water is poured after the fertilizer is applied.

[0021] The application of the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the above method in blueberry planting, wherein 1%-2% of sulfur powder and 0.1%-0.3% of chelated iron are added to the fertilizer, the pH value is adjusted to 4.5-5.5, and the fertilizer is applied in a ring-shaped ditch after the leaves fall in autumn every year, 0.5-1kg per tree for young trees and 2-3kg per tree for adult trees.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution,

[0023] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The application realizes the large-scale utilization of more than 1000 tons of waste per year by scientifically proportioning five types of agricultural and forestry wastes such as straw and wood ear fungus sticks, reduces the pollution caused by burning, converts the waste into high-quality fertilizer with an organic matter content of greater than or equal to 45%, and improves the resource conversion rate to more than 90%.

[0025] 2. The fermentation period is shortened to 20-30 days by adopting the grading crushing, accurate carbon-nitrogen ratio control and compound inoculant inoculation technology, which is 50% less than the traditional process, the effective viable bacteria number of the finished product reaches 50-60 million / g, the roundworm egg mortality rate is greater than or equal to 95%, the heavy metal content meets the NY884-2012 standard, and the safety and stability are significantly better than those of the existing products. The soil organic matter content can be increased from 1.5% to more than 2% after continuous application for 2-3 years, the bulk density is reduced by 15%-20%, the porosity is increased by 25%, and the problems of hardening and acidification are effectively improved.

[0026] 3、The bio-organic fertilizer of the present application can make the soil pH stable at about 6.5 when used in combination with a special formula for tea leaves, and make the pH maintain at 4.5-5.5 when used in combination with a special formula for blueberries, which is suitable for the growth needs of crops. The chlorophyll content of tea leaves is increased by 12%, the aroma substances (such as linalool) are increased by 15%, and the yield per mu is increased by 13%; the yield per plant of blueberries is increased by 13%, and the sugar content of the fruit is increased by 1.5 °Bx. Compared with traditional chemical fertilizers, the production cost is reduced by 15%-20%, the amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced by 30%-50%, and the economic benefits and ecological benefits are synergistically improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical scheme of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with embodiments.

[0028] The bio-organic fertilizer preparation method based on agricultural and forestry waste mainly includes straw, agaric stick, soybean meal, chicken manure and mushroom residue, and urea is added as needed; the following is the raw material parameter table:

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] The raw materials of the bio-organic fertilizer are diverse, different raw materials have different effects, and the content needs to be strictly controlled within the quality control standard, otherwise many disadvantages will be caused:

[0032] Straw

[0033] Effect: The carbon content of straw is 40-45%, which is the key raw material for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer, provides sufficient carbon source for microbial growth, and promotes the fermentation process. At the same time, it is rich in cellulose and other substances, which can be converted into soil organic matter after fermentation, increase the soil aeration and water retention, improve the soil structure, and benefit the growth of crop roots.

[0034] Disadvantages of excessive content: If the content of straw is too high, the decomposition of the fertilizer in the early stage will be slow, which will delay the fertilizer effect and make it difficult to meet the nutrient needs of crops in the critical growth period. Moreover, excessive straw will consume a large amount of nitrogen during decomposition in the soil, causing temporary nitrogen deficiency in the soil and causing symptoms of nitrogen deficiency in crops, such as yellowing of leaves and slow growth.

[0035] Disadvantages of insufficient content: If the amount of straw added is too small, the carbon-nitrogen ratio cannot be effectively adjusted, the growth of microorganisms is limited, the fermentation effect is affected, and the quality of the fertilizer is reduced. Moreover, the improvement effect on soil structure is weakened, which is not conducive to the long-term improvement of soil fertility and the creation of a good growth environment for crop roots.

[0036] Agaric stick

[0037] Effects: The carbon content of the fungus stick is 35-40%, and the nitrogen content is 1.0-1.5%. It can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer, provide suitable carbon and nitrogen nutrients for microorganisms, and promote the smooth progress of fermentation. It is also rich in mycelium and organic residues, which can increase the organic matter content of the fertilizer, provide various trace elements, and enhance the fertilizer efficiency. In addition, its loose texture can improve the physical structure of the fertilizer and increase the air permeability.

[0038] Disadvantages of excessive content: Excessive addition of fungus sticks can increase the nitrogen content of the fertilizer, break the original nutrient balance, cause soil nitrogen enrichment, lead to crop overgrowth, weak stems and branches, and easy lodging, and reduce the stress resistance of crops and increase the risk of pest attacks. At the same time, it may make the particle structure of the fertilizer too loose, affecting the storage and transportation performance of the fertilizer.

[0039] Disadvantages of insufficient content: Insufficient addition of fungus sticks cannot fully play its role in adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, increasing nutrients, and improving the structure of the fertilizer. It can lead to insufficient nutrients for microorganisms during fermentation, insufficient fermentation, reduced fertilizer efficiency, and difficulty in meeting the comprehensive nutrient needs of crop growth.

[0040]

[0041] Effects: Soybean meal has a nitrogen content of 6.0-7.0%, which is a high-quality nitrogen source that can quickly provide nitrogen nutrients for microbial growth and reproduction, and speed up the fermentation rate. At the same time, it can provide abundant nitrogen nutrients for crop growth, promote the flourishing of branches and leaves, enhance photosynthesis, and improve crop yield and quality.

[0042] Disadvantages of excessive content: When the content is too high, the nitrogen content of the fertilizer is too high, which can easily cause a large amount of nitrogen to remain in the soil, leading to soil compaction, destruction of soil structure, and reduction of soil aeration and water permeability. Moreover, excessive nitrogen can cause crops to be late in maturity, affecting the quality and taste of agricultural products, and may also lead to nitrate accumulation, endangering human health.

[0043] Disadvantages of insufficient content: Insufficient addition of soybean meal can lead to insufficient nitrogen supply for the fertilizer, slow microbial growth, and prolonged fermentation period. During crop growth, the lack of nitrogen can cause yellowing of leaves, stunted plants, and slow growth, which can seriously affect crop yield and quality.

[0044]

[0045] Effects: Chicken manure has a carbon content of 30-35% and a nitrogen content of 1.5-2.0%. It can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio and provide carbon and nitrogen sources for microorganisms to promote fermentation. It is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients, which can provide comprehensive nutrients for crop growth, increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure, and improve soil fertility and water retention capacity.

[0046] ​​Excessive content disadvantages: If too much chicken manure is added, because it contains more bacteria, insect eggs and antibiotic residues, it will increase the content of harmful microorganisms and harmful substances in the fertilizer, which may lead to soil and agricultural product pollution, causing crop diseases and pests, and endangering human health. At the same time, excessive chicken manure decomposition in the soil will produce a large amount of ammonia, causing seedling burning phenomenon, inhibiting crop growth.

[0047] Too little content disadvantages: If the amount of chicken manure is too small, the nutrient content of the fertilizer will be reduced, especially the supply of main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium will be insufficient, which cannot meet the nutritional needs of crop growth, affecting the growth and yield of crops, and is not conducive to the effective improvement of soil fertility.

[0048] Mushroom residue

[0049] Effect: Mushroom residue contains 35-40% carbon and 1.2-1.8% nitrogen, which can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio and benefit microbial fermentation. It contains rich organic matter and microbial metabolites, which can increase soil fertility, improve soil microbial community structure, enhance soil biological activity, and promote crop root growth and nutrient absorption.

[0050] Excessive content disadvantages: Excessive addition of mushroom residue may cause poor air permeability of the fertilizer, affecting the aerobic respiration of microorganisms and inhibiting the fermentation process. Moreover, mushroom residue may contain some incompletely decomposed lignin and other substances, which may accumulate in the soil and affect the physical properties of the soil, hindering the growth of crop roots.

[0051] Too little content disadvantages: If the amount of mushroom residue is too small, it will not have obvious effect on improving soil microbial community, and cannot fully play its role in increasing soil biological activity and promoting root nutrient absorption, which is not conducive to the optimization of soil ecological environment and the healthy growth of crops.

[0052] In the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer, the following raw materials are prepared by weight parts: straw 38-42 parts, wood ear fungus stick 28-30 parts, soybean meal 15-16 parts, chicken manure 8-10 parts, and mushroom residue 4.5-5 parts.

[0053] In the research and development and production of bio-organic fertilizer, the application of a series of quantitative methods is the key to accurately formulate fertilizer formula, optimize production process and ensure product quality. These methods are based on the chemical composition of raw materials and the expected performance of the fertilizer, providing accurate data support for the whole production process; including: total carbon content calculation:

[0054]

[0055] Symbol meaning:

[0056] C aTotal carbon content of mixed raw materials (%), which reflects the total amount of substances in the fertilizer that can be utilized by microorganisms and provide long-term carbon sources for the soil. Carbon source is an important energy for microbial growth and metabolism. Suitable carbon content can promote the reproduction and activity of microorganisms, speed up the fermentation and maturation process of raw materials, and improve soil structure, increase soil water retention and aeration, and create a good environment for crop root growth in the soil;

[0057] m i The mass percentage of the i-th raw material in the formula (%). Different raw materials have different carbon contents. By accurately controlling the proportion of each raw material, the total carbon content of the fertilizer can be precisely adjusted to meet the demand for carbon source of microbial fermentation and soil improvement;

[0058] C i Carbon content of the i-th raw material (%). This is an inherent chemical property of the raw material. For example, the carbon content of straw is about 40-45%, and the carbon content of wood ear fungus stick is 35-40%. These data are the basic parameters for calculating the total carbon content;

[0059] n: The number of raw material types. Bio-organic fertilizer is usually made by mixing multiple raw materials. Considering the carbon contribution of multiple raw materials, the total carbon content of mixed raw materials can be accurately determined.

[0060] Accurate calculation of total carbon content is a key step in regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer. Carbon-nitrogen ratio is a core factor affecting microbial fermentation efficiency and fertilizer efficiency. Suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio (25:1) can ensure sufficient carbon source for energy metabolism during microbial fermentation, while ensuring that nitrogen source is not consumed or wasted, thereby promoting smooth fermentation, shortening fermentation period, and improving fertilizer quality. In addition, appropriate carbon content can enhance the improvement effect of the fertilizer on the soil, and improve soil fertility and soil water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0061] The total nitrogen content calculation formula is also included:

[0062]

[0063] Symbol meaning:

[0064] N a Total nitrogen content of mixed raw materials (%). Nitrogen is a key nutrient element for plant growth, which directly affects the physiological processes such as leaf growth, photosynthesis, and protein synthesis of crops. The nitrogen content in the fertilizer determines its growth-promoting effect on the early growth of crops and its ability to supplement soil nitrogen;

[0065] m i , N i : Same meaning as in the total carbon content formula. The mass percentage of the i-th raw material in the formula (%) and the nitrogen content of the raw material (%); the total nitrogen content is controlled by adjusting the proportion of each raw material;

[0066] n: Number of raw material types, covering all raw materials involved in the mixing.

[0067] Accurate calculation of total nitrogen content is crucial for balancing fertilizer nutrients and meeting crop growth needs. On the one hand, in conjunction with the total carbon content, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is calculated to ensure a suitable microbial fermentation environment. On the other hand, it provides crops with an appropriate amount of nitrogen nutrition, ensuring that crops have sufficient nitrogen supply at different growth stages, promoting crop growth and health, and improving crop yield and quality. At the same time, reasonable total nitrogen content can avoid environmental problems such as soil pollution and water eutrophication caused by excessive nitrogen, as well as crop growth problems and yield reduction caused by insufficient nitrogen.

[0068] Carbon-nitrogen ratio calculation formula:

[0069]

[0070] The carbon-nitrogen ratio directly affects the fermentation process and effectiveness of biological organic fertilizer. During the fermentation stage, a suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio can enable microorganisms to rapidly decompose organic matter in raw materials, converting it into stable humus and improving the degree of maturity and nutrient availability of the fertilizer. In practical applications, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer for different soil types and crop needs can optimize the fertilizer's soil improvement effect and nutrient supply to crops. For example, for nitrogen-deficient soils, appropriately increasing the nitrogen content of the fertilizer and reducing the carbon-nitrogen ratio can quickly supplement soil nitrogen; for crops with high carbon requirements, such as vegetables, appropriately increasing the carbon content of the fertilizer and optimizing the carbon-nitrogen ratio can promote crop growth and quality improvement.

[0071] Urea addition calculation formula: If the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio is greater than 25:1, urea (containing 46% nitrogen) needs to be added to adjust, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Symbol meaning:

[0074] ΔN: Nitrogen content that needs to be supplemented (%), when the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio is too high, indicating that the nitrogen source is relatively insufficient, through this formula to calculate the additional nitrogen required to achieve the target carbon-nitrogen ratio (25:1);

[0075] m a : The mass percentage of urea in the mixed raw materials (%), calculated by ΔN and the nitrogen content of urea (46%), used to guide the amount of urea added in actual production to precisely adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer.

[0076] In actual production, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of raw materials may deviate from the target value due to factors such as source and storage conditions. When the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too high, microbial fermentation will be inhibited due to insufficient nitrogen source, resulting in prolonged fermentation period and insufficient composting. By calculating the urea addition amount through the above formula, the nitrogen source can be accurately supplemented, the carbon-nitrogen ratio can be adjusted to an appropriate range, and the microbial fermentation can be ensured to proceed smoothly, improving the production efficiency and quality of fertilizers, and at the same time, the fertilizers can better meet the nutrient needs of soil and crops, improving the use effect and economic benefit of fertilizers.

[0077] In the preparation process of bio-organic fertilizer, the first step includes the pretreatment of raw materials; pretreatment is the basic link of bio-organic fertilizer preparation, and its core goal is to create a uniform and efficient reaction environment for subsequent microbial fermentation through physical crushing and moisture adjustment. The following three dimensions of crushing process method, moisture content adjustment and supporting equipment are described in detail:

[0078] First, the crushing process and equipment, due to the difference in physical properties of different raw materials, a hierarchical crushing strategy is needed to ensure that the final particle size is ≤5mm;

[0079] Straw:

[0080] Characteristics: tough fiber structure, contains a large amount of lignin and cellulose, initial length can reach 30-100cm;

[0081] Crushing process: adopt "coarse crushing + fine crushing" two-stage treatment. First, pass through the drum crusher (screen hole diameter 50mm) to crush the straw to 10-20cm section, remove dirt, sand and other impurities; then put into the hammer crusher (rotating speed 3000r / min, screen mesh size 5mm), through the high-speed rotating hammer impact cutting, finally obtain the particle size of 2-5mm.

[0082] Key parameters: hammer clearance 10-15mm, crushing efficiency about 1.5-2t / h.

[0083] Wood ear fungus stick:

[0084] Characteristics: compressed from wood chips, cottonseed hulls and other culture media, hard in texture, contains residual mycelium.

[0085] Crushing process: directly use the tooth claw crusher (gap between moving teeth and fixed teeth 8-10mm) for treatment. The fungus stick enters the crushing cavity through the feed inlet and is torn and crushed by the high-speed rotating tooth claw, and after screening through the 5mm screen, uniform particles are obtained.

[0086] Advantages: compared with hammer type, tooth claw type has higher crushing efficiency for fibrous hard materials, and energy consumption is reduced by about 15%.

[0087] Mushroom residue:

[0088] Characteristics: loose texture, contains a large number of mycelium residues and undecomposed medium, high initial moisture content (about 70-80%).

[0089] Crushing process: first remove plastic film and other impurities through a vibrating screen (screen hole 10 mm), then crush through a vertical crusher (blade rotation speed 2500 r / min); due to the loose material, the feeding speed can be appropriately increased, and the particle size is controlled at 1-3 mm.

[0090] Notes: If the mushroom residue is severely bonded, it can be dried to a moisture content of ≤60% before crushing to avoid equipment jamming.

[0091] Soybean meal, chicken manure:

[0092] Characteristics: soybean meal is granular (diameter 2-5 mm), and chicken manure is blocky after drying (size 5-20 mm).

[0093] Crushing process: soybean meal can be slightly broken through a disc crusher to meet the requirements; chicken manure is crushed and mixed at the same time through a spiral belt mixer, and the particle size is controlled at 2-4 mm.

[0094] Then the moisture content adjustment process and calculation:

[0095] The moisture content of the mixed raw materials needs to be strictly controlled at 55%-65% (requires hand to form a ball, scattered on the ground, and no water droplets seep out of the palm), and the specific adjustment method is as follows:

[0096] Initial moisture content determination:

[0097] Each kind of raw material is sampled and detected by an infrared moisture meter (accuracy ±0.5%), and the calculation formula is:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, W i is the initial moisture content of the i-th raw material (%), m 湿 is the wet weight of the sample (g), and m 干 is the weight after drying to constant weight at 105°C (g).

[0100] Water addition calculation: assuming the total mass of the mixed raw materials is M (kg), the target moisture content is W 目标 (55%-65%), and the mass proportion of each raw material is m i , then the total water addition Q (kg) calculation formula is:

[0101]

[0102] In this embodiment, straw (m1 = 40%, W1 = 15%), fungus stick (m2 = 30%, W2 = 20%), soybean meal (m3 = 15%, W3 = 12%), chicken manure (m4 = 10%, W4 = 30%), mushroom residue (m5 = 5%, W5 = 70%), target moisture content, total mass M = 1000 kg.∑m i × W i = 0.4 x 15% + 0.3 x 20% + 0.15 x 12% + 0.1 x 30% + 0.05 x 70% = 21.3%;

[0103] Adjustment of equipment and operation: a double-shaft paddle mixer (volume 5 m 3 ) is used for mixing and adding water, and clean water or rotten liquid (optional, to improve adaptability of the microbial agent) is injected into the mixing chamber through a pipeline, and uniform distribution is achieved through high-speed stirring (rotation speed 60 r / min) of the paddle.

[0104] Real-time monitoring: after each batch of mixing is completed, 3 places are randomly sampled for detection of moisture content, and when the deviation exceeds ± 2%, water is added or dry material (such as straw powder) is added for adjustment.

[0105] The whole pretreatment stage process is as follows: the raw materials are proportionally fed into respective crushing equipment by a belt conveyor, and after crushing, they are sent to a temporary storage bin by a screw conveyor; the materials in the temporary storage bin are proportionally fed into a double-shaft mixer by a loss-in-weight feeder; after the mixer is started, water is quantitatively injected by a metering pump according to the moisture content calculation result, and stirring is performed for 10-15 minutes; after mixing is completed, the materials are sent to the fermentation area by a belt conveyor and enter the next stage.

[0106] The next stage is the fermentation stage:

[0107] A composite microbial agent is used as the "catalyst" of the fermentation stage.

[0108] Composition and function of the microbial agent: Bacillus subtilis (≥ 0.08 billion / g), yeast (≥ 0.06 billion / g), and lactic acid bacteria (≥ 0.06 billion / g) are compounded to form the microbial agent, and the total effective viable bacterial count is ≥ 0.2 billion / g. Among them, Bacillus subtilis can secrete cellulase and protease to accelerate the decomposition of straw, fungus stick, and other coarse fibers; yeast can reproduce by utilizing sugar substances to produce organic acids to adjust the microenvironment pH; lactic acid bacteria can inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria and reduce the volatilization of ammonia nitrogen.

[0109] Control of the addition amount: the addition amount is 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of the raw materials (for example, 1-2 kg of the microbial agent is added to 1000 kg of raw materials). If the addition amount is too low, the microbial proliferation is slow, and the fermentation period is prolonged; if the addition amount is too high, the activity of the microbial agent will decrease due to nutrient competition, and the production cost will increase.

[0110] Inoculation operation: Use "gradient dilution method" to activate the microbial agent - first mix the microbial agent with 5 times the mass of mature material (such as fermented fertilizer), adjust the moisture content to 60%, avoid light, activate for 24 hours (temperature 25-30°C), then evenly sprinkle into the mixed raw materials, and stir for 10 minutes with a double-shaft mixer to ensure uniform dispersion.

[0111] The fermentation stage also includes the design of the pile parameters: the height and width of the pile directly affect the internal temperature, air permeability, and microbial activity, and both heat preservation and oxygen supply need to be considered.

[0112] Size standards: pile height 1.2-1.5m, width 2-3m, length according to production scale (generally 10-50m).

[0113] Pile height <1.2m: fast heat dissipation, difficult to form high temperature (≥55°C), unable to kill roundworm eggs and pathogenic bacteria (requires continuous high temperature for more than 5 days to meet the standards);

[0114] Pile height >1.5m: poor internal air permeability, easy to form anaerobic environment, leading to the growth of putrefactive bacteria and the production of hydrogen sulfide and other foul-smelling gases;

[0115] Width <2m: poor pile stability, easy to collapse; width >3m: it is difficult for the turning equipment (such as wheel-type turning machine) to reach the central area, leading to uneven mixing of materials.

[0116] Pile construction: use the layered stacking method, each layer of raw material thickness 30-40cm, compacted layer by layer (density control at 0.6-0.8g / cm 3 ), to avoid voids. The top of the pile is arc-shaped (slope 15°) to prevent rainwater accumulation; the bottom is paved with a 5cm thick straw layer to enhance drainage.

[0117] The fermentation stage also includes turning and temperature regulation: turning is a key operation to regulate the oxygen, temperature, and moisture of the pile, and needs to be dynamically adjusted in combination with the metabolic law of microorganisms:

[0118] Turning timing and frequency: turn once a day for the first 3 days: this stage is the logarithmic growth period of microorganisms, with high oxygen consumption (oxygen consumption rate 0.5-0.8m 3 / h·m 3 of pile), turning can break the anaerobic layer on the surface, increase the oxygen permeability rate to 20%-25%, and promote the rapid proliferation of microorganisms;

[0119] Turn once every 2-3 days starting from the 4th day: microorganisms enter the stable period, oxygen consumption decreases to 0.3-0.5m 3 / h·m 3 of pile, reducing the turning frequency can reduce energy consumption;

[0120] Emergency turning: When the center temperature of the pile exceeds 65℃ (monitored by pre-embedded temperature sensors, accuracy ±1℃), immediately turn the pile - high temperature will cause the activity of beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis to decrease (survival rate <50% above 65℃), and turning the pile can quickly reduce the temperature to 55-60℃ (temperature range suitable for microbial activity).

[0121] Turning equipment and operation: Self-propelled turning machine (power 55-75kW) is used, turning depth ≥1.2m, to ensure that the materials inside and outside the pile are fully mixed (mixing uniformity ≥90%). After turning, the tightness of the pile needs to be checked, and if it is hardened, it needs to be manually loosened to ensure air permeability.

[0122] The last stage of the fermentation phase is to determine the maturity: maturity is the sign of the end of fermentation, which needs to be determined by multiple indicators to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the fertilizer.

[0123] Temperature indicator: The center temperature of the pile is stable at the ambient temperature ±5℃ for 3 consecutive days (such as 25℃ ambient temperature, 20-30℃ pile temperature), indicating that the microbial metabolism is slowing down and the organic matter decomposition is basically complete;

[0124] pH indicator: The pH of the material extract (solid-liquid ratio 1:5) is measured by a pH meter (accuracy ±0.1), and pH 6.5-7.5 is qualified - acidic (pH <6.5) indicates that the maturity is insufficient, contains more organic acids, and is easy to cause crop root burn; alkaline (pH >7.5) may be due to excessive ammonia volatilization, reducing nitrogen utilization;

[0125] Auxiliary indicators: The color of the material is dark brown or black, without raw material color; the smell is earthy, without ammonia smell or rotten smell; the material has elasticity when held in hand, and falls naturally after being released (moisture content is about 60%).

[0126] Finally, the post-processing stage:

[0127] Post-processing is a key link to convert matured material into commercial fertilizer, which improves the physical properties and storage stability of the fertilizer through crushing, granulation, drying and other operations, while meeting the quality control standards:

[0128] A small amount of coarse fiber (such as straw fragments) may be left in the matured material, which needs to be crushed and sieved to improve the uniformity of the fertilizer:

[0129] Crushing requirements: Vertical hammer crusher (screen mesh aperture 0.15-0.18mm) is used to crush the material to 80-100 mesh (particle size 0.15-0.18mm);

[0130] Mesh <80 mesh (particle size >0.18mm): the fertilizer particles are coarse, which may cause uneven soil nutrients when applied;

[0131] Particle size > 100 mesh (particle size < 0.15 mm): the powder is too fine, easy to dust, and difficult to form during granulation.

[0132] Screening operation: after crushing, the material is screened by a vibrating screen (80 mesh screen), the oversize (coarse particles that do not meet the standard) is returned to the crusher for secondary crushing, and the undersize enters the granulation process; the screening efficiency needs to be ≥95%, to ensure the uniformity of the finished granules.

[0133] Granulation process:

[0134] Granulation can reduce fertilizer dust, facilitate mechanized application, and at the same time, extend the nutrient release period:

[0135] Granulation method and parameters: use a disc granulator (diameter 3-5 m, inclination 45°-50°) or an extrusion granulator to prepare granules with a particle size of 2-4 mm.

[0136] Particle size < 2 mm: the granules are prone to caking (bulk density > 1.2 g / cm 3 ), and the storage period is shortened;

[0137] Particle size > 4 mm: slow dissolution rate, difficult for seedlings to quickly absorb nutrients.

[0138] Binder addition: if the material is not sticky enough (such as high straw content), 0.5%-1% humic acid solution (concentration 5%) can be added as a binder to improve the strength of the granules (compression strength ≥ 2.5 N).

[0139] Finally, drying and packaging:

[0140] Drying needs to control the temperature and final moisture content to avoid damaging microbial activity and nutrients:

[0141] Drying parameters: use a counter-flow dryer (inlet temperature 60-65°C, outlet temperature 35-40°C) to reduce the moisture content of the material to ≤20% (meet the quality control standard requirement of "moisture ≤20%").

[0142] Moisture content > 20%: prone to mold growth (such as Aspergillus), leading to fertilizer mold, and a decrease in effective viable bacteria (survival rate < 60% after 3 months of storage);

[0143] Drying temperature > 65°C: will cause heat-sensitive microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast to lose activity (survival rate < 30%), reducing the biological activity of the fertilizer.

[0144] Packaging requirements: use breathable woven bags (thickness ≥ 0.08 mm) for quantitative packaging (25 kg / bag or 50 kg / bag), and mark the effective viable bacteria count, organic matter content, and other indicators on the bag surface, store in a well-ventilated and dry place (relative humidity ≤ 70%), and the shelf life is ≥ 6 months.

[0145] Through the precise control of the fermentation and post-treatment process, the physicochemical indicators (such as organic matter ≥ 45%, total nutrients ≥ 5%, moisture ≤ 20%, pH 6.0-8.0), microbial indicators (effective viable bacteria ≥ 0.5 billion / g, roundworm egg mortality rate ≥ 95%, E. coli value ≤ 0.1) and safety indicators (heavy metal content meets the NY884-2012 standard: lead ≤ 100 mg / kg, cadmium ≤ 3 mg / kg, etc.) of the bio-organic fertilizer are all up to standard, while the application convenience and ecological safety of the fertilizer are also taken into account.

[0146] Example 1: Preparation of a basic formula bio-organic fertilizer (1000 kg scale)

[0147] I. Raw material preparation and formula design

[0148] Raw material composition and quality (ratio of 40:30:15:10:5 by weight):

[0149] Straw: 400 kg (corn straw is selected, actual carbon content 42%, nitrogen content 0.6%)

[0150] Mushroom stick: 300 kg (actual carbon content 38%, nitrogen content 1.2%)

[0151] Soybean meal: 150 kg (actual carbon content 28%, nitrogen content 6.5%)

[0152] Chicken manure: 100 kg (fresh chicken manure after airing, actual carbon content 32%, nitrogen content 1.8%)

[0153] Mushroom residue: 50 kg (fresh mushroom residue, actual carbon content 37%, nitrogen content 1.5%)

[0154] Total carbon content calculation:

[0155] Total nitrogen content calculation:

[0156] Carbon-nitrogen ratio calculation:

[0157] The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of this formula is 20.46:1, close to the target value of 25:1, and the nitrogen content is sufficient, so there is no need to add urea to meet the microbial fermentation requirements, and it can directly enter the pretreatment stage.

[0158] II. Pretreatment stage

[0159] 1. Pulverization process

[0160] Straw: Coarse crushing by "Roller-type crusher (screen hole 50mm) → Fine crushing by "Hammer-type crusher (rotating speed 3000r / min, screen 5mm), final particle size 3-5mm, 400kg (no loss) after crushing.

[0161] Wood ear fungus stick: Crushing by "Tooth claw-type crusher (tooth gap 8mm), passing through 5mm screen, particle size 2-4mm, 300kg.

[0162] Mushroom residue: First remove plastic impurities by 10mm vibrating screen, crushing by vertical crusher (rotating speed 2500r / min), particle size 1-3mm, 50kg (water content reduced to 65% after airing, initial wet weight about 77kg, 27kg water removed after airing).

[0163] Soybean meal: Slightly crushing by disc-type crusher, particle size 2-3mm, 150kg.

[0164] Chicken manure: Crushing and stirring by spiral belt-type mixing crusher, particle size 2-4mm, 100kg (water content 30% after airing).

[0165] 2. Water content adjustment (target water content 60%)

[0166] Initial water content determination of each raw material (detected by infrared moisture meter):

[0167] Straw: 15%; Wood ear fungus stick: 20%; Soybean meal: 12%; Chicken manure: 30%; Mushroom residue: 65%.

[0168] Initial total water content calculation of mixed raw materials: ∑m i ×W i = 0.4×15% + 0.3×20% + 0.15×12% + 0.1×30% + 0.05×65% = 22.55%.

[0169] Water amount to be added calculation (target water content w 目标 = 60%):

[0170] Put the crushed raw materials into double-shaft paddle mixer (volume 5m 3 ), add 936.25kg of clean water in 3 times, stir for 15 minutes (rotating speed 60r / min), sample detection shows that the water content is 60% (hand-grabbing into a ball, falling and scattering).

[0171] Three, fermentation stage (detailed parameters and operation)

[0172] 1. Inoculation of composite microbial agent: Select composite microbial agent: Bacillus subtilis (0.1 billion / g) + yeast (0.07 billion / g) + lactic acid bacteria (0.07 billion / g), total viable bacteria 0.24 billion / g.

[0173] Addition amount: 0.1% of the total mass of raw materials, i.e. 1000kg x 0.1% = 1kg.

[0174] Activation and inoculation: 1kg of microbial agent + 5kg of matured fertilizer + 3kg of water (water content 60%), 25°C light-activated for 24 hours, evenly spread into the mixed raw materials, and stirred for 10 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion.

[0175] 2. Pile construction and management

[0176] Pile parameters: 1.5m high, 2.5m wide, 4m long (volume 15m 3 ), stratified stacking (each layer 30cm), compaction density 0.7g / cm 3 , 5cm straw layer at the bottom for drainage.

[0177] Temperature monitoring and turning record:

[0178] Day 1: Center temperature rises to 50°C (turning 1 time at 9:00 am, oxygen permeability rate 22%);

[0179] Day 2: Temperature 58°C (turning 1 time at 9:00 am);

[0180] Day 3: Temperature 62°C (turning 1 time at 9:00 am);

[0181] Day 5: Temperature 55°C (turning 1 time every 2 days);

[0182] Day 25: Temperature stabilized at 28°C (ambient temperature 25°C±3°C), pH=7.0 (extraction liquid solid ratio 1:5).

[0183] 3. Determination of maturity

[0184] Index: temperature 28°C (ambient temperature ±3°C), dark brown color, no ammonia smell, pH 7.0, 98% mortality rate of roundworm eggs (detection meets standards).

[0185] Four, post-processing stage

[0186] 1. Crushing and screening

[0187] Vertical hammer crusher (screen 0.18mm) crushed to 100 mesh, vibration screen (80 mesh) screened, twice crushed for the oversize (about 30kg), total yield 97%.

[0188] 2. Granulation and drying

[0189] Granulation by disc granulator (diameter 3 m, angle of inclination 48°), particle size 3 mm, particle compressive strength 2.8 N. Countercurrent dryer: inlet temperature 60°C, outlet temperature 38°C, dried to moisture content 18% (detection up to standard).

[0190] 3. Quality detection physicochemical indicators: organic matter 48% (≥45%), total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) 6.2% (≥5%), moisture 18% (≤20%), pH 7.0 (6.0-8.0). Microbial indicators: effective viable bacteria 0.6 billion / g (≥0.5 billion / g), E. coli value 0.08 (≤0.1).

[0191] V. Finished product packaging

[0192] 25 kg / bag breathable woven bag (thickness 0.08 mm), marked: organic matter 48%, viable bacteria 0.6 billion / g, stored in a well-ventilated dry place (humidity ≤70%).

[0193] Example 2: Application of special bio-organic fertilizer for tea (10 mu of tea garden)

[0194] I. Special formula adjustment (based on the basic formula of Example 1)

[0195] Basic fertilizer: 600 kg of finished fertilizer of Example 1 (10 mu x 60 kg / mu).

[0196] Add auxiliary materials:

[0197] Humic acid (purity 90%): 600 kg x 6% = 36 kg;

[0198] Magnesium element (magnesium sulfate, containing magnesium 16%): 600 kg of pure magnesium x 0.8% = 4.8 kg, so the amount of magnesium sulfate used is 4.8 kg / 16% = kg.

[0199] Mixing: put 600 kg of basic fertilizer + 36 kg of humic acid + 30 kg of magnesium sulfate into a spiral ribbon mixer, stir for 20 minutes, uniformity ≥95%.

[0200] II. Application method (1 time after spring tea + 1 time before autumn tea)

[0201] 1. After spring tea (mid-May)

[0202] Ditching position: ditch 30 cm away from the root of the tea tree, depth 15 cm, width 20 cm. Dosage: 60 kg per mu (600 kg for 10 mu), evenly spread into the ditch and mixed with the soil (ratio 1:3). Watering: irrigate thoroughly after application (500 L per mu), to ensure that the fertilizer swells.

[0203] 2. Before autumn tea (late August)

[0204] Operation after spring tea, ditch depth 12 cm, 5 cm of topsoil after fertilization.

[0205] Comparative Example 2: Conventional tea fertilization scheme (compared to Example 2)

[0206] I. Conventional fertilization raw materials and methods

[0207] 1. Raw material composition (10 mu of tea garden, single dose):

[0208] Urea (containing nitrogen 46%): 20 kg / mu x 10 mu = 200 kg

[0209] Diammonium phosphate (containing N 18%, P2O5 46%): 15 kg / mu x 10 mu = 150 kg

[0210] Potassium chloride (containing K2O 60%): 10 kg / mu x 10 mu = 100 kg

[0211] Un-rotten chicken manure: 500 kg (only applied in spring, replacing part of organic fertilizer)

[0212] 2. Application method:

[0213] After spring tea (mid-May): urea 100 kg + diammonium phosphate 75 kg + potassium chloride 50 kg + un-rotten chicken manure 500 kg, spread and tillage into the soil (depth 10 cm), water until the soil is moist.

[0214] Before autumn tea (late August): urea 100 kg + diammonium phosphate 75 kg + potassium chloride 50 kg, ditch application (depth 10 cm), no watering.

[0215] II. Results comparison

[0216]

[0217]

[0218] The bio-organic fertilizer used in Example 2 (based on the optimization of the formula in Example 1) has significant advantages in improving tea yield and quality (chlorophyll, aroma substances), improving soil structure (increasing organic matter, stabilizing pH), and enhancing crop resistance (reducing pests and diseases) compared to the conventional chemical fertilizer + un-rotten chicken manure scheme. Although conventional fertilization can provide nutrients in the short term, it will lead to soil acidification and fertility decline in the long term, and the quality of agricultural products is limited to improve.

[0219] Example 3: Application of blueberry special bio-organic fertilizer (100 adult blueberry trees)

[0220] I. Special formula adjustment (based on the basic formula of Example 1)

[0221] Base fertilizer: 250 kg (100 plants x 2.5 kg / plant) of the product fertilizer of Example 1.

[0222] Addition of auxiliary materials: Sulfur powder (purity 95%): 250 kg x 1.5% = 3.75 kg (adjust pH to 5.0); Chelated iron (EDTA-Fe, containing 13% iron): 250 kg of pure iron x 0.2% = 0.5 kg, so the amount of chelated iron: 0.5 kg / 13% = 3.85 kg.

[0223] Mixing: 250 kg base fertilizer + 3.75 kg sulfur powder + 3.85 kg chelated iron, stirring for 30 minutes, pH = 5.0 (determined by leaching solution).

[0224] II. Application method (after leaf fall in autumn, early November)

[0225] Circular trench application: circular trenches (20 cm deep and 20 cm wide) are dug 50 cm away from the trunk, and the fertilizer is mixed with topsoil at a ratio of 1:2 and then backfilled, and then 50 L of rooting water is poured per plant.

[0226] Comparative Example 3: Conventional blueberry fertilization scheme (compared with Example 3)

[0227] I. Conventional fertilization raw materials and methods

[0228] Raw material composition (100 adult blueberry trees, single use amount in autumn):

[0229] Ammonium sulfate (containing 21% nitrogen): 0.5 kg / plant x 100 plants = 50 kg (adjusting acidity)

[0230] Superphosphate (containing 16% P2O5): 0.3 kg / plant x 100 plants = 30 kg

[0231] Potassium sulfate (containing 50% K2O): 0.2 kg / plant x 100 plants = 20 kg

[0232] Ordinary mature sheep manure: 1 kg / plant x 100 plants = 100 kg

[0233] Application method:

[0234] After leaf fall in autumn (early November), the above raw materials are mixed and applied in circular trenches (15 cm deep), and water is poured to a soil moisture content of 60%, without adding sulfur powder and chelated iron.

[0235]

[0236] The blueberry special bio-organic fertilizer (based on the formula optimization of example 1) used in example 3 precisely maintains the soil acidity (pH 5.0) by adding sulfur powder and chelated iron, and significantly improves the yield, sugar content and iron absorption efficiency of blueberries through rich organic matter and microbial activity. The conventional fertilization leads to the inhibited growth of blueberries and the decline of quality due to the unregulated pH and single nutrients, which verifies the irreplaceability of the bio-organic fertilizer in targeted improvement of the growth environment of crops.

[0237] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not limit them.

Claims

1. A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer based on agricultural and forestry waste, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Mix straw, wood ear mushroom sticks, soybean meal, chicken manure and mushroom residue in proportion, crush to a particle size ≤5mm, and adjust the moisture content to 55%-65%; S2. Fermentation: Inoculate the pretreated raw materials with compound microbial agents and use windrow composting, controlling the pile height to 1.2-1.5m and the width to 2-3m. Turn the pile once a day for the first 3 days, and then turn it once every 2-3 days. Turn the pile immediately when the temperature exceeds 65℃. Ferment for 20-30 days until the material temperature drops to ambient temperature ±5℃ and the pH value is 6.5-7.

5. S3. Post-processing: Crush the decomposed material to 80-100 mesh, granulate it into 2-4 mm particles, and dry it until the moisture content is ≤20% to obtain the finished product.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials mentioned in step S1 are as follows by weight: 38-42 parts straw, 28-30 parts black fungus sticks, 15-16 parts soybean meal, 8-10 parts chicken manure, and 4.5-5 parts mushroom residue. Urea is added as needed to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:

1.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing process described in step S1 involves graded treatment: straw is coarsely crushed by a drum crusher and then finely crushed to 2-5mm by a hammer mill; wood ear mushroom sticks are crushed to 2-4mm by a toothed claw crusher; mushroom residue is removed by a vibrating screen and then crushed to 1-3mm by a vertical crusher; soybean meal and chicken manure are processed to 2-4mm by a disc crusher and a ribbon mixing crusher, respectively.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water content adjustment in step S1 is calculated using the following formula: Where Q is the total amount of water to be added, and W... i Let W be the initial moisture content of the i-th raw material, M be the total mass of the mixed raw materials, and W be the initial moisture content of the i-th raw material. 目标 For the target moisture content, m i This represents the weight percentage of each raw material.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent mentioned in step S2 is composed of Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria, with a total effective viable count ≥ 0.2 billion / g, and the addition amount is 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of the raw materials.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent contains ≥0.08 billion Bacillus subtilis / g, ≥0.06 billion yeast / g, and ≥0.06 billion lactic acid bacteria / g. It needs to be activated for 24 hours with 5 times its weight of composted material before inoculation.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The windrow composting method described in step S2 involves layered stacking, with each layer being 30-40 cm thick and compacted to a density of 0.6-0.8 g / cm³. 3 The bottom is covered with a 5cm thick layer of straw, and the top is 15° arc-shaped.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The granulation in step S3 is carried out using a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator with a particle size of 2-4 mm. If necessary, 0.5%-1% of 5% humic acid solution is added as a binder, and the compressive strength of the particles is ≥2.5 N.

9. The application of a bio-organic fertilizer prepared by any one of claims 1-8 in tea cultivation, characterized in that, The fertilizer contains 5%-8% humic acid and 0.5%-1% magnesium. It should be applied once in furrows or holes after spring tea harvesting and once in autumn tea sprouting, at a rate of 50-80 kg per acre. Water the plant after fertilizing.

10. The application of a bio-organic fertilizer prepared by any one of claims 1-8 in blueberry cultivation, characterized in that, The fertilizer contains 1%-2% sulfur powder and 0.1%-0.3% chelated iron, and the pH value is adjusted to 4.5-5.

5. It is applied in a ring trench after leaf fall every autumn, with 0.5-1 kg per young tree and 2-3 kg per mature tree.

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