Mobile defibrillator with improved electrode plates and charging and switching functions

Abstract

The disclosed systems and methods provide a mobile defibrillator system that may include a mobile defibrillator (AED) unit configured to be operably connected to a device capable of running an application. The mobile AED unit may include circuitry for applying an electrical shock to a subject and one or more electrode plates. Each electrode plate can comprise one or more needle bodies electrically connected with a circuit, and the needle bodies are configured to be capable of puncturing the skin of a subject, being arranged in the body of the subject and transmitting current generated by electric shock to the subject.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 18 / 302,113, filed April 18, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0003] Cardiac arrest (such as heart failure) can lead to the sudden loss of heart function, breathing, and consciousness. In many cases, it is caused by a disorder of electrical activity in the heart that interferes with the heart's pumping function, leading to a cessation of blood circulation throughout the body. In the United States alone, it is estimated that approximately 300,000 people die each year from cardiac arrest outside of hospitals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] According to one aspect of the invention, a mobile defibrillator system may include a mobile defibrillator (AED) unit for operatively connecting to a device capable of running an application. The mobile AED unit may include: circuitry for applying an electric shock to a subject; and one or more electrode pads. Each electrode pad may include one or more needles electrically connected to the circuitry, the needles being configured to pierce the subject's skin, be placed inside the subject's body, and deliver a current generated by the electric shock to the subject.

[0005] In some embodiments, the one or more needles may comprise a metallic material. In some embodiments, the one or more needles may be curved. In some embodiments, the one or more needles may be curved away from the subject. In some embodiments, the one or more needles may be configured to be placed within the subject's subcutaneous tissue. In some embodiments, the one or more electrode pads may be foldable. In some embodiments, the one or more needles may be configured to activate in response to an indication received from the device. In some embodiments, the indication may be generated based on detecting an impedance between the one or more electrode pads and the subject that is higher than a preset threshold.

[0006] According to another aspect of the invention, a mobile defibrillator system may include a mobile defibrillator (AED) unit configured to be operatively connected to a device capable of running an application and serving as a first power source for the mobile AED. The mobile AED unit may include: circuitry for applying an electric shock to a subject; one or more electrode pads for attaching to the subject to apply the shock; a first charging port; and a second charging port. The device may be configured, via one or more processors, to switch from a first power source at the first charging port to a second power source at the second charging port during defibrillation.

[0007] In some embodiments, the device can be configured to determine, by one or more processors, that the battery level of the first power source is below a preset threshold, display query information on the device, receive an indication of a second power source in proximity inputted by a user in response to the display of the query information, detect that the second power source is within a preset range, and initiate a power switching process in response to detecting that the second power source is within the preset range. In some embodiments, the power switching process can include initiating data transmission between the device and the second power source, performing a handshake operation between the device and the second power source, receiving an indication that the second power source has connected to the second charging port, and continuing to perform a defibrillation process.

[0008] In some embodiments, the power switching process can include resuming powering the mobile AED by the device in response to an error. In some embodiments, whether the second power source is within a preset range can be detected by Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), or wireless network (WiFi). In some embodiments, detecting whether the second power source is within a preset range can include receiving location, version, and capacity information of the second power source, analyzing the location, version, and capacity information of the second power source, determining that the second power source meets requirements, and sending an alert to the second power source.

[0009] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a mobile defibrillator system can include a mobile defibrillator (AED) unit configured to be operatively connected to a device capable of running an application and serving as a power source for the mobile AED. The mobile AED unit can include a circuit for applying a shock to a subject, which can include a charge controller, a sense line biasing circuit, a current sense resistor, a switch, a transformer, and a capacitor, and one or more electrode pads for attachment to a subject to apply a shock.

[0010] In some embodiments, the charge controller can be configured to control the sense line biasing circuit with a pulse width modulation waveform. In some embodiments, the current sense resistor can be configured to monitor current flowing through the switch and the transformer. In some embodiments, the charge controller can be configured to respond to closing the switch when the current sense resistor detects a voltage above a preset threshold. In some embodiments, the preset threshold can be 78 millivolts (mV). In some embodiments, the current limit of the transformer can be greater than 2 amperes (A).

[0011] According to another aspect of the invention, a mobile defibrillator (AED) device may include a mobile AED unit configured to be operatively connected to a device capable of running an application. The mobile AED unit may include one or more electrodes and is configured to measure respiratory data of a subject. The device is configured to run one or more processors via the device to: detect a connection between the mobile AED unit and the device; detect that the one or more electrodes are connected to a subject; receive electrocardiogram (EKG) measurements of the subject recorded by the electrodes; receive measured respiratory data from the AED unit, the respiratory data being correlated with respiratory movements of the subject's chest; receive wearable data from a wearable device associated with the subject; analyze the respiratory data to determine the subject's breathing pattern; determine that the subject requires a shock based on the received EKG measurements, wearable data, and the determined breathing pattern; determine shock pattern parameters, including duration, time interval, and energy level, based on the received EKG measurements, wearable data, and the determined breathing pattern; and, based on the determination, apply a shock to the subject via the mobile AED using the determined shock pattern parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The various purposes, features and advantages of the disclosed subject matter can be more fully understood when considered in conjunction with the following accompanying drawings and with reference to the following detailed description of the subject matter, in which the same reference numerals denote the same elements.

[0013] The accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, nor do they necessarily include all components of the system. Instead, they usually focus on illustrating the concepts, structures, and technical solutions that this document aims to protect.

[0014] Figure 1 An exemplary mobile automated external defibrillator (AED) system is provided for some embodiments of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 A circuit diagram of an exemplary mobile AED provided for some embodiments of the present invention;

[0016] Figures 3A-3D Various charging configurations for mobile AEDs provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 A block diagram of a mobile AED device system provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 An exemplary electrode pad for a mobile AED is provided for some embodiments of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6A mobile AED power selection decision process is provided for some embodiments of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 The following is a mobile controller handover decision process provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 8 A mobile AED charging process is provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 9 A mobile AED charging process is provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 10 The figures show the voltage (Y-axis) at the electrode / electrode plate as a function of time (X-axis) in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 11 An exemplary circuit architecture provided for some embodiments of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 12 This invention provides a mobile AED usage process according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 13 A method for use in some embodiments of the present invention Figure 4 An exemplary server device of the system shown;

[0027] Figure 14 A method for use in some embodiments of this disclosure Figure 1 And / or an exemplary computing device of the system shown in Figure 3.

[0028] Those skilled in the art will understand that the elements in the accompanying drawings are shown for clarity and simplicity and are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some elements in the drawings may be enlarged relative to other elements to aid in understanding the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0029] In the accompanying drawings, structural components of the safety system are indicated by conventional symbols where appropriate, and only the specific details necessary for understanding the embodiments of the invention are shown so as not to obscure the invention with easily understandable details by those skilled in the art who benefit from the description herein. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or its applications.

[0031] The availability of public defibrillators or automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can have a significant impact on the survival of patients experiencing cardiac arrest. Patients who receive a shock from a publicly available AED have a much higher survival rate. In the absence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the risk of death increases by 10% for every minute of delay.

[0032] Embodiments of this invention relate to a portable AED that can be controlled by the processing power of an external device, such as a smartphone, tablet, laptop, smartwatch, or car entertainment system. Compared to previous attempts, the portable AED of this invention is smaller and more widely usable. Anyone with access to a device equipped with a microphone, speaker, data storage, and power supply can use it. The electrode pads / electrodes used in conjunction with the portable AED may include an accelerometer, and the defibrillator unit may include a shock circuit. This allows for the creation of a portable and more flexible portable AED.

[0033] In some embodiments, the mobile AED of the present invention can be used in conjunction with a variety of advantageous charging and communication technologies. For example, the mobile AED of the invention can support wireless charging and reverse wireless charging (such as wireless charging via a mobile device). Furthermore, the mobile AED of the invention may include redundant (i.e., additional) charging ports to improve power redundancy. In addition, various power selection processing technologies can be employed to change the main power supply of the mobile AED during operation, which can bring many advantages, such as preventing power outages during critical phases of the resuscitation process.

[0034] Furthermore, some embodiments of the mobile AED of the present invention may include one or more electrode pads / electrodes with needles for piercing the subject's skin during defibrillation, thereby providing several advantages such as reduced skin resistance and improved fixation between the electrode pads and the subject. This also reduces the energy required for the pulse, thereby reducing the capacitor requirements / size of the AED.

[0035] In some embodiments, the portable AED of the present invention can be used in conjunction with an advantageous processing technique that detects and reads the subject's heartbeat during the AED's charging process. This allows the AED to deliver an electric shock to the subject earlier, thereby increasing the subject's survival probability.

[0036] In some embodiments, the portable AED disclosed herein can be used in conjunction with an advantageous charging technology that enables rapid charging of the AED. This technology may be referred to as residual charging technology, which utilizes the residual charge in the AED's capacitor after the previous electric shock to assist subsequent electric shocks in reaching the required energy level.

[0037] Figure 1 An exemplary mobile AED system 100 is provided for some embodiments of the present invention. The mobile AED system 100 may include a defibrillator unit 102, which is detachably connected to a device 101 via a connector 103. The defibrillator unit 102 may include circuitry for generating a specific pulse or electric shock, applied to a patient for the treatment of cardiac arrest (see [link to documentation]). Figure 2 It should be noted that in this schematic diagram of the mobile AED system 100, device 101 is a smartphone, but this is not limiting. Device 101 can also be other devices with an operating system and capable of running applications, such as tablets, laptops, computers, smartwatches, or car entertainment systems. In some embodiments, connector 103 may include a USB-C interface or other similar interfaces. When connector 103 connects device 101 to defibrillator unit 102, defibrillator unit 102 can be controlled through the user interface and applications on device 101. Optionally, in some embodiments, defibrillator unit 102 includes an additional connection port for connecting a power source 104 (such as a portable charger, power outlet, etc.), which may also be a USB-C interface, but may be different from the port used by connector 103.

[0038] The defibrillator unit 102 may include an additional port for connecting a lead wire 105; the lead wire 105 may serve as a medium for the internal circuitry of the defibrillator unit 102 to determine and / or generate an electric shock, delivering the shock to electrode pads 106a-b. Electrode pads 106a-b may be any standard defibrillator electrode pad known in the art and may be configured to adhere to the patient's body as electrodes to input current from the defibrillator unit 102 into the human body. In some embodiments, electrode pads 106 may also be... Figure 5The electrode pads described herein. In some embodiments, electrode pads 106a-b may also include an accelerometer. In some embodiments, electrode pads 106a-b may also include smarter sensing devices, such as circuitry for blood flow ultrasound detection or a light sensor for blood oxygen saturation detection, which may be particularly useful in self-rescue procedures. In some embodiments, when defibrillator unit 102 is connected to or inserted into device 101, the user can connect to a video-assisted expert 107. In some embodiments, a team of experts can be assembled on standby and can communicate with the device user. For example, if someone suffers sudden cardiac arrest, a nearby person can connect defibrillator unit 102 to device 101, open the application (or the application may open automatically upon detecting a connection), and select the option to immediately have a video conversation with an expert who can assist the person in administering shocks and / or performing CPR. In some embodiments, the user can also contact emergency services (such as dialing 911) through the application on device 101. In some embodiments, the application on device 101 can be configured for remote control by emergency responders or mobile AED experts. Because the defibrillator unit 102 is controlled by an application on device 101, emergency responders can physically control and operate the application of an electric shock to a subject connected to the defibrillator unit 102. In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 may be configured to draw power from a 220V power source or outlet, or from a 12V outlet in a vehicle.

[0039] In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 can be integrated into a vehicle. For example, the defibrillator unit 102 can be fully integrated, with only long electrode pads (4 meters or longer) exposed; alternatively, a modular defibrillator unit 102 similar to the prototype device can be used, which can connect to both a mobile phone and an application in the vehicle. This will improve the availability of the defibrillator unit 102 in a variety of scenarios.

[0040] In some embodiments, Figure 1 The mobile AED system 100 described herein may be identical or similar to the devices described in U.S. Patent Nos. 11,173,315 and 11,439,837, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0041] In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 may include a circuit design that allows for the safe preservation of charge within the capacitor, thereby enabling... Figure 8 The charging process described herein. In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 may include redundant charging ports, such as those with... Figures 3A-3D The port has the same charging configuration as described in the text.

[0042] In some embodiments, the application on device 101 may also be configured to receive data from an external device connected to user device 101, such as a smartwatch or other similar subject monitoring device. For example, a person's smartwatch may continuously monitor their heartbeat and transmit that information to user device 101. In these embodiments, in addition to the signals emitted by the electrode pads 106a-b, the effectiveness of defibrillation treatment may also be enhanced by signals emitted by the smartwatch. Application 304 may be used to monitor and analyze the subject's heartbeat and may identify and / or detect dangerous rhythms (such as rapid ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or other rhythm indicators that can be detected by a neural network trained on it). Upon detection of a dangerous rhythm, the application may be used to notify the subject via device 101, instructing them to connect the mobile AED and electrode pads, and may initiate a self-rescue protocol.

[0043] Furthermore, applications on device 101 can be configured to execute via one or more processors on mobile device 101. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The processing technology described herein is used to select a power source and perform a mobile controller switching.

[0044] Figure 2 A circuit diagram 200 of an exemplary mobile AED provided for some embodiments of the present invention. Circuit 200 may include... Figure 1 Within the defibrillator unit 102. In some embodiments, circuitry 200 may include a charger 201, switches 202 and 203, an inductor 204, a resistor 205, a path resistor 206, and a capacitor 207. In some embodiments, path resistor 206 may represent the resistance generated between the human body and electrode pads 106a and 106b when they are connected. When switches 202 and 203 are in the left-hand position (e.g., ...), ... Figure 2 When (as shown), charger 201 can charge capacitor 207. In some embodiments, charger 201 can represent the connected device (such as...). Figure 1 The battery of device 101) and external power source (such as...) Figure 1 The portable power bank 104 in the device 101, or a combination of both. Switches 202 and 203 can be controlled by logic circuitry within the device 101 and by an application that can be operated by a user on the device 101. For example, the application can determine when an electric shock (such as a current / energy pulse) should be applied to the patient, and in order to apply the shock, switches 202 and 203 will switch to the right-hand position. Figure 2(Not shown in the diagram), at this time, current is allowed to flow from capacitor 207 through the patient, inductor 204, and resistor 205. As the current flows through the patient's heart, resuscitation can be initiated until medical personnel or other emergency response teams can stabilize the subject's condition. In some embodiments, circuit 200 can be configured to provide pulses of energy up to 200-360 joules (J) or higher, and can be repeated for up to 1 hour or even 90 minutes or longer.

[0045] Figures 3A-3D Various charging configurations for mobile AEDs provided by some embodiments of the present invention are illustrated. The defibrillator unit 102 may include a redundant (i.e., a second) charging port. In some embodiments, the redundant charging port may be a second USB-C interface and / or have wireless charging capabilities. Furthermore, the defibrillator unit 102 is used to achieve complete power supply redundancy.

[0046] Figure 3A The defibrillator unit 102 is shown to receive charging from a mobile device 101 via a USB-C cable inserted into one of the charging ports of the defibrillator unit 102. Figure 3B The function of the defibrillator unit 102 is demonstrated, namely, drawing power from the mobile device 101 via a charging port, or drawing power from an external battery charger via a second charging port. Figure 3C The defibrillator unit 102 is shown to draw power from a mobile device 101 via a charging port, or from another mobile device 101 via a second charging port.

[0047] Figure 3D The demonstration illustrates how a defibrillator unit 102 wirelessly draws power from a mobile device 101. In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 is configured to support wireless charging via the Qi wireless standard, thereby providing power wirelessly. In some embodiments, such wireless charging may originate from a Qi charging device (not shown) or a mobile phone equipped with reverse wireless charging capabilities. Qi is a well-known open interface standard that enables wireless power transfer over a distance of approximately 4 centimeters via inductive charging and is supported by numerous manufacturers. For example, approximately 80 currently available mobile phones support reverse wireless charging, allowing them to charge other devices such as smartphones, smartwatches, smart bands, and the defibrillator unit 102 of this invention.

[0048] In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 may support USB-C cable charging, wireless charging, or both. Current wireless charging technologies support up to 10 watts (W) of reverse wireless charging, or up to 80 watts (W) or higher for Qi-compliant devices, although this may be further improved in the future. In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 may include redundant charging ports (such as a second USB-C port or wireless charging functionality). If the defibrillator unit 102 faces a power outage risk (i.e., the device powering it has insufficient power), a second power source can be connected to continue charging and maintain the defibrillation process. The power switching selection process will be... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The following description is provided. In some embodiments, the charging function may also support the USB 3.2 or USB 4.0 standard.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of a mobile AED device system 400 provided for some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, system 400 may include a plurality of user devices 402a-n (collectively referred to as user devices 402), which are communicatively coupled to server device 410 via network 408. Note that for illustrative purposes, system 400 includes two user devices 402a-n, but the system of the present invention may include any number of user devices.

[0050] In some embodiments, network 408 may include one or more wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), local area networks (LANs), personal area networks (PANs), or any combination of these networks. Network 408 may include one or more types of network combinations, such as the Internet, intranets, Ethernet, twisted-pair, coaxial cable, fiber optic, cellular networks, satellite networks, IEEE 802.11 standard networks, terrestrial networks, and / or other types of wired or wireless networks. Network 408 may also employ standard communication technologies and / or protocols.

[0051] In some embodiments, user equipment 402 may be connected to Figure 1The device 402 is the same as or similar to the device 101 in the above description. For example, user device 402 may include a smartphone, tablet, laptop, smartwatch, car entertainment system, or a combination of similar types of devices capable of running software applications and using an operating system. User device 402 may include one or more computing devices capable of receiving user input and sending or receiving data via network 408, or communicating with server device 410. In some embodiments, user device 402 may include a conventional computer system, such as a desktop computer or laptop. Alternatively, user device 402 may include a computer-enabled device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA) or other suitable device. In addition, each user device 402 may include a specially installed application 404 for use with the connected mobile AED 406. Application 404 may include software instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium that, when executed by a processor (such as a processor within user device 402), can perform various processes related to applying an electric shock via the AED and reading an electrocardiogram (EKG) in conjunction with the mobile AED 406.

[0052] In some embodiments, application 404 may include additional instructions for reading the patient's heartbeat during the charging of defibrillator unit 406. Instead of reading and analyzing the heartbeat first, as is done with conventional AED devices, and then waiting for the device to fully charge, the disclosed embodiments can charge defibrillator unit 406 simultaneously with reading and analyzing the heartbeat. This allows for earlier delivery of a shock when needed. User equipment 402 will have the processing capability to perform both tasks, and this operation is made possible because the USB-C interface supports full-duplex communication (i.e., simultaneous bidirectional communication), and charging and communication can be achieved through the same cable. For example, in full-duplex mode, a full-featured USB-C cable supporting the USB 3.1 Gen.2 standard can achieve data transfer rates of up to 10 gigabits per second (Gbit / s). Simultaneously, the USB-C cable has a dedicated charging line (Vbus), so a device can transmit charging power through one line within the cable while simultaneously communicating bidirectionally at full speed through other lines within the same cable. In fact, during the charging process, user equipment 402 can receive and interpret electrical signal information from the electrode pads (such as electrode pad 106). This will improve treatment outcomes because, compared to traditional AEDs, it allows for more in-depth and online-assisted analysis of the signals, and the analysis time is longer.

[0053] In some embodiments, application 404 can gain complete and uninterrupted control during the rescue process, which is achieved through deep integration with the operating system of user device 402. For example, the user can access the application without entering an unlock code. Since the application owner may be the cardiac arrest patient, the application can start immediately after connecting the AED device without entering an unlock code. For example, application 404 can perform the following functions: 1) Automatic and immediate startup when connecting cables or during application synchronization switching; 2) Control power output via USB port; 3) Complete screen takeover without interference from the mobile phone operating system; 4) Uninterrupted and lag-free sending and receiving of commands to and from the AED device; 5) Access to full-duplex video communication and microphone / speaker use; 6) Battery level reading; 7) Access to GPS, NFC, Bluetooth, and other functions; 8) Access to emergency call functions and related functions (such as notifying emergency contacts); 9) Stop the operation of other applications, including high-power applications or applications using USB ports, Bluetooth, NFC, video, and speakers.

[0054] Server device 410 may include any combination of one or more network servers, mainframe computers, general-purpose computers, personal computers, or other types of computing devices. Server device 410 may represent a remotely distributed server communicating via a communication network or a dedicated network, such as a local area network (LAN). Server device 410 may also include one or more back-end servers for performing one or more aspects of the present invention. In some embodiments, server device 108 may be combined with the following description. Figure 10 The server device 700 is the same as or similar to that described.

[0055] like Figure 4As shown, server device 410 may include an AED improvement module 412, an update module 414, and an AED tracking module 416. Furthermore, server device 410 may be communicatively coupled to database 418. In some embodiments, AED improvement module 412 may include one or more models / algorithms trained through machine learning, which may be configured to continuously improve the performance of AEDs and / or CPR over time. In some embodiments, AED improvement module 412 may be configured to continuously receive performance data from user device 402 and retrain or update the model to reflect the newly received performance data. In some embodiments, AED improvement module 412 may also access emergency health records and other external databases to obtain additional training data. In some embodiments, AED improvement module 412 may be configured to analyze, retrain, or update various machine learning models related to AED performance, such as models determining the duration and intensity of the initial pulse, electrode placement, body part detection results, frequency of additional pulse application, energy magnitude of each pulse, and various other decisions related to electrocardiogram (EKG) readings. In some embodiments, decisions may also be made based on other data related to mobile device interface usage, such as time spent on different screens, number of times the back function is used, total usage time, etc., to improve and optimize the user experience.

[0056] In some embodiments, the update module 414 may be configured to package or integrate the updated / retrained model from the AED improvement module 412 into a software update and distribute the update to the user device 402. In some embodiments, the user device 402 may receive the update by downloading it from an app store. Furthermore, the AED tracking module 416 may be configured to track the location of each mobile AED 406. In some embodiments, the AED tracking module 416 may utilize GPS coordinates (or any location signal) obtained from the user device 402. In some embodiments, the AED tracking module 416 may allow the user to search for nearby mobile AEDs 406 via an application 404 on the user device 402.

[0057] Various system components, such as modules 412-416 and 404a-n, may be implemented in hardware and / or software and configured to perform relevant processes, steps, or other functions.

[0058] Figure 5 Exemplary electrode pads for a mobile AED are provided for some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 5The left side (500a) shows the electrode pad 505 in its pre-activation state. The electrode pad 505 includes electrodes 508a-b, fabric 507a-b, and needles 506a-b. The fabric 507 may be made of neoprene or other suitable dense, flexible material. The needles 506a-b may be made of metal, sharp enough to pierce the subject's skin 504, and are curved to avoid piercing the lung 501. Although the electrode pad 505 has only two needles, this is not limiting, and the number of needles can be any. The electrode pad 505 is placed on the subject's skin (epidermis) 504. Other layers of the subject's body include subcutaneous tissue (dermis) 503, ribs 502, lungs 501, and heart 510. In some embodiments, the needles 506 may be connected to the lower surface of a plastic plate via blunt ends, the plastic plate being secured to the electrode pad 505 via flexible joints, thereby forming a foldable wing structure that can be tilted for use at any time. The tip of the needle is located inside the electrode pad 505, close to the adhesive surface, but not penetrating it. In some embodiments, such electrode pads 505 may require a slightly thicker surface material to avoid accidental puncture. Furthermore, the plastic plates can be interconnected in a specific manner to ensure sufficient resistance and inertia so that the needle 506 is only activated when subjected to pressure exceeding a certain preset threshold, such as 10 kg. The needle 506 and the plastic plates can be covered by fabric 507 to maintain the sterility of the area. Thus, the needle 506 and the plastic plates may not be visible to the user; when the needle 506 is not activated, the protrusion on the back of the electrode pad indicates the location of the needle and the plastic plate. In some embodiments, markings on the protrusion on the back of the electrode pad indicate to the user that the electrode pad 505 includes a needle and that applying pressure activates the needle and secures the electrode pad.

[0059] Figure 5The right side (500b) shows the activated state of electrode pad 505 (e.g., activated by pressing the button on top of electrode pad 505 in the direction of arrow 509), at which point needles 506a-b have pierced the skin and are located within the subcutaneous tissue (dermis 503). When an electric shock is applied, a significant amount of energy is dissipated during the penetration through the skin. To reduce energy requirements and minimize skin burns, electrode pad 505 with hook-shaped needles 506a-b can guide the shock current more efficiently to the heart 510 under the skin. This not only reduces energy requirements but also decreases the potential size of the defibrillator unit 102. Needles 506a-b also reduce the likelihood of electrode pad detachment during resuscitation. Conventional electrode pads are prone to detachment when the subject's body is wet, such as when sweating or lying in water, because the adhesive on the electrode pad cannot adhere to the chest. Some rescuers may be reluctant to insert needles into the patient; therefore, needles 506a-b can be integrated into electrode pad 505 so that the puncture process is not visible to the rescuer. For example, the needles 506a-b may initially be positioned at a semi-vertical angle. In some embodiments, the electrode sheet 505 may be foldable. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the electrode sheet 505 may also be designed as a foldable structure without needles 506a-b.

[0060] The back of electrode pad 505 is printed with instructions to "press firmly," which guide needle body 506a-b into the correct position. Needle body 506a-b is curved, meaning it bends during puncture and will not penetrate the chest cavity, causing pneumothorax. Instead, the needle body is located within subcutaneous tissue 503, allowing for easier current transmission to the heart 510 and helping to secure electrode pad 505. Needle body 506a-b may be activated if the resistance in the tissue is higher than expected, for example, if a high body mass index (BMI) is detected in the subject, or if the impedance between the electrode / electrode pad is measured above a preset threshold (indicating poor contact between the patient and the electrode pad). The procedure may also suggest activating needle body 506a-b after multiple failed shocks or when the mobile phone battery is low.

[0061] Figure 6 A mobile AED power selection decision process 600 is provided for some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, process 600 may be executed via one or more processors on a mobile device (e.g., via...). Figure 4(Application 404 is executed). Step 614 applies the suggested input priority hierarchy to select the power supply for defibrillator unit 102. In step 601, if the built-in battery power is available, the built-in battery is the highest priority power supply. Another potential power supply is the USB-C input or similar input in step 602. In step 606, it is determined whether USB power is available. If so, the process proceeds to step 607, which determines whether the power supply can provide more than 8 watts (W) of power (this value is only an example and any value can be used in practice). If so, the power supply is determined to be the second highest priority power supply in step 614. If it is determined in step 607 that the power supply (step 602) cannot provide more than 4 watts (W) of power, the process proceeds to step 608. Similarly, if it is determined in step 606 that no USB power is available, the process also proceeds to step 608. In step 608, it is determined whether the power supply supports USB-3.0 or a similar standard. If it does, the power supply is determined to be the fifth highest priority power supply in step 614. If not supported, the power supply is determined to be unacceptable in step 615.

[0062] In step 603, another potential power source is a secondary USB-C or similar power source. In step 609, it is determined whether USB power is available. If so, the process proceeds to step 610, where it is determined whether the power source can provide more than 8 watts (W) of power (this value is only an example and any value can be used in practice). If so, in step 614, the power source is identified as the third highest priority power source. If it is determined in step 610 that the power source (step 602) cannot provide more than 4.5 watts (W) of power, the process proceeds to step 611. Similarly, if it is determined in step 609 that no USB power is available, the process also proceeds to step 611. In step 611, it is determined whether the power source supports USB-3.0 or a similar standard. If it does, in step 614, the power source is identified as the fourth highest priority power source. If it does not support it, the power source is identified as an unacceptable power source in step 615.

[0063] In step 604, another potential power source is a Qi charger. In step 612, it is determined whether the Qi charger power source in step 604 can provide more than, for example, 3 watts (W). If so, in step 614, this power source is identified as the sixth highest priority power source. If not, in step 615, this power source is determined to be unacceptable. In step 605, another potential power source is a reverse-charging mobile phone performing wireless charging. In step 613, it is determined whether the reverse wireless charging power source can provide more than, for example, 4 watts (W). If so, in step 614, this power source is identified as the lowest priority power source. If not, in step 615, this power source is determined to be unacceptable. If multiple available power sources exist, in step 614, the highest priority power source is selected to power the defibrillator unit 102. In some embodiments, such a priority list is merely an example and may vary depending on the specific design.

[0064] Figure 7 A mobile controller switching decision process 700 is provided for some embodiments of the present invention. Process 700 can be used to switch power to a new mobile device during defibrillation, for example, on a patient experiencing cardiac arrest. In some embodiments, process 700 can be executed via the Internet, WiFi, Bluetooth, or NFC to exchange status and history and transfer control to an application on a second mobile device. During the execution of process 700, the two mobile devices (e.g., Figure 1 The mobile device 101 can be inserted into the defibrillator unit 102 (via two charging ports). In some embodiments, process 700 can also be executed via the defibrillator unit 102 with only a single charging port, in which case the first mobile device must be unplugged, synchronized, and then the second mobile device inserted.

[0065] Process 700 can be executed when the mobile device 101 is plugged into and powered on the defibrillator unit 102. Additionally, the defibrillator unit 102 may also be performing defibrillation on a patient at this time. In step 701, it is determined whether the battery of the mobile device 101 is low. In some embodiments, "low battery" may be defined as below a specific preset threshold, the same as for a standard mobile phone (e.g., battery level below 20%). If the battery is not low, the process resets. If the battery is low, the process proceeds to step 702. Furthermore, before starting step 702, the user may be prompted via application input at step 705 whether to switch mobile devices.

[0066] In step 702, the mobile device 101 connected to the defibrillator unit 102 (e.g., connected via application 404) displays query information to the user to determine if another mobile device 101 with the same application installed is nearby. This query information is displayed on the user interface of the mobile device 101. If no such mobile device is nearby, the process returns to step 702. If such a mobile device is nearby, the process proceeds to step 703. In step 703, the first mobile device 101 detects the presence of another mobile device nearby via Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth, WiFi, or other means. In some embodiments, all mobile devices with the application installed can search for nearby users who also have the application installed and send them a cardiac arrest (or other emergency) alert. For example, the application receiving the alert can read whether a supported AED device is nearby via USB, Bluetooth, or WiFi and send a signal to the original application near the cardiac arrest scene. This signal may include location information (obtained via GPS or WiFi), version information of the AED and mobile phone, and capacity information (such as battery level). The application sending the alert can then select the optimal nearby assistance device and confirm that assistance from that specific mobile device is needed. The owner of the app receiving the alert can immediately go to provide assistance. The app sending the alert can track the location of the helper in real time on a map until they arrive at the scene. This functionality is available whether the app is installed on a mobile phone, in a vehicle, on a webpage, or on a personal computer. Alerts sent through the app network can also help users obtain assistance in situations where they need help (e.g., due to physical limitations).

[0067] If the first mobile device 101 cannot detect another nearby mobile device, the process returns to step 703. If the first mobile device 101 can detect another nearby mobile device, the process proceeds to step 704, initiating the power switching procedure for the defibrillator unit 102. Further details regarding this power switching procedure will be provided later. Figure 8 The explanation is provided below.

[0068] In some embodiments, once the original mobile device establishes a connection with the new mobile device, the application automatically launches on the second mobile phone. The application on the first mobile phone establishes a connection with the application on the second mobile phone and requests a handover of control. The application on the first mobile phone synchronizes its data with the application on the second mobile phone and verifies the synchronization result. The application on the second mobile phone requests user confirmation to switch over. If the user confirms the switch, the application on the second mobile phone sends a message to the application on the first mobile phone informing it that the handover process will begin. The application on the second mobile phone prompts the user to plug the USB cable into the phone (unplug the cable from the first mobile phone). Once the cable is plugged in, the application on the second mobile phone checks whether the connected device is the same as the device reported by the first mobile phone and whether its status is consistent. At this point, the application on the second mobile phone takes control of the defibrillation process and the device, and sends a message to the first mobile phone informing it that control has been successfully taken over.

[0069] Figure 8 This invention provides a defibrillator unit power switching process 800 according to some embodiments. In step 801, data transmission from the old mobile device to the new mobile device is initiated. The transmitted data may include personal data known before the process was initiated (e.g., age, gender, weight, language, etc.), data points collected after the current emergency occurred (e.g., heart signals, number of shocks, time recordings, etc.), current status information (e.g., capacitor charge level, heart status, connection status with Emergency Medical Services (EMS), etc.), and software / firmware / hardware version information and related digital signatures. In step 802, after the data is fully transmitted, a handshake operation is performed between the two mobile devices to verify the data validity. In step 803, after the data is verified through the handshake operation, the new mobile phone is connected to the defibrillator unit 102. In step 804, the defibrillation process continues on the new mobile device to assist the subject. Step 805 is an optional step; if any error occurs during the defibrillation process, the system can fall back to power from the old mobile device. This fallback operation can be achieved through inter-application communication.

[0070] Figure 9A mobile AED charging process 900 is provided for some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, process 900 is executed by hardware in user equipment 402. In some embodiments, process 900 can be controlled by instructions issued by user equipment 402 (“release / not release capacitor charge”), or can be controlled automatically by the defibrillator unit according to safety rules (e.g., “release charge after 3 minutes to ensure safety”). Currently available AED devices release capacitor charge after a shock for safety reasons; this is part of their design. For mobile AEDs with long charging times, not releasing capacitor charge to prepare for the next shock is crucial. The core of process 900 is to preserve the remaining charge in the capacitor (e.g., capacitor 207) within the defibrillator unit 102 and charge it to prepare for the next shock, thereby achieving the advantage of rapid charging. In step 901, the defibrillator unit 102 applies a shock to a subject, such as a patient experiencing cardiac arrest. In step 902, after the initial shock, current output is stopped. In step 903, the remaining charge in the capacitor within the defibrillator unit is preserved. For example, after the current output is stopped in step 902, the capacitor does not discharge as quickly as it would normally. In step 904, when a subsequent electric shock needs to be applied to the subject, a subsequent charging process is initiated, starting the charging from the capacitor's existing charge level.

[0071] Figure 10 The diagram shows a function curve of voltage (Y-axis) at the electrode / electrode plate (e.g., electrode plate 505) as a function of time (X-axis). This voltage is similar to the voltage at the output of capacitor 207, but has been processed by a phase-switching capacitor. At the time points indicated by the arrows, conventional safety discharge circuits typically activate to release remaining energy into the environment. However, the disclosed embodiment continues to store the remaining charge in the defibrillator unit in the capacitor, thereby reducing charging time and device size.

[0072] Figure 11An exemplary circuit architecture 1100 is provided for some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, circuit architecture 1100 is a flyback converter charging circuit with a current-sensing bias circuit to shorten charging time. A typical flyback converter circuit consists of a flyback transformer powered by a DC voltage source and generating a high-voltage DC output by switching on and off. The technical solution disclosed herein uses circuit architecture 1100 to charge a high-voltage capacitor 1109, for example, to 1900 volts (V). The charging process is implemented by a charging controller 1103, which controls the switching on and off of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switch 1106, which is connected between the transformer 1107 and ground. When switch 1106 is closed, current flows through the primary winding of transformer 1107, and the current increases linearly with time, its variation depending on the inductance of the primary winding of transformer 1107. The current flowing through transformer 1107 and switch 1103 is monitored by current-sensing resistor 1105. When the voltage across the current sensing resistor 1105 exceeds a threshold (e.g., 78 millivolts (mV)), the charging controller 1103 disconnects the switch 1106. At this time, the energy stored in the transformer 1107 is transferred to the secondary circuit, the diode 1108, and finally enters the capacitor 1109. Subsequently, the switch 1106 closes again, and the charging process continues.

[0073] In the embodiments described herein, the current sensing resistor 1105 is configured to disconnect switch 1106 when the current flowing through transformer 1107 reaches a preset value (e.g., 2 amps (A)). This corresponds to an average current of 0.9 amps (A) from USB-C power supply 1101. However, due to the non-ideal parasitic capacitance in flyback transformer 1107, some energy output from USB-C power supply 1101 is stored in transformer 1107 as the voltage of high-voltage capacitor 1109 increases, and subsequently fed back to USB-C power supply 1101. The amount of this stored energy is proportional to the voltage of high-voltage capacitor 1109. Potential problems include: 1) the average current from USB-C power supply 1101 may drop to 0.6-0.7 amps (A) as capacitor 1109 charges; 2) charging efficiency decreases as capacitor voltage increases, resulting in longer charging times.

[0074] The disclosed embodiment addresses the issue of reduced current draw by increasing the current limit of transformer 1107 to over 2 amps (A) and adjusting this limit as the voltage across capacitor 1109 increases. This is achieved by biasing the voltage across current sensing resistor 1105 using a sensing line bias circuit 1104. In effect, the bias circuit 1104 allows a larger current exceeding 2 amps (A) to flow through the transformer before the voltage across current sensing resistor 1105 reaches 78 millivolts (mV). Furthermore, the bias circuit 1104 is controlled by a pulse-width modulated waveform output from microcontroller 1102, where the pulse width is adjustable via software. This allows the bias circuit 1104 to be adjusted in real-time during capacitor 1109 charging. Ultimately, this design maximizes the current drawn from USB-C power supply 1101 throughout the entire charging cycle and, more importantly, reduces charging time.

[0075] Figure 12 A mobile AED usage process 1200 is provided for some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, process 1200 may be executed by a user device (e.g., user device 402 and / or user device 101). In some embodiments, execution of process 1200 may be achieved through interaction between the user and the user device. For example, in the event of a sudden cardiac arrest, a bystander, friend, or other person may use the mobile AED of the present invention and an application (e.g., application 404) on the user device to execute process 1200. In step 1201, user device 402 (e.g., via application 404) may detect an AED connection. For example, the user may locate the mobile AED (e.g., defibrillator unit 102) and connect the defibrillator unit 102 to the user device, for example, by inserting a connection cable. The user device, for example, via application 404, may detect that the defibrillator unit 102 is connected. In step 1202, user device 402 may open application 404. In some embodiments, application 404 may open automatically in response to the detection of a defibrillator connection; in some embodiments, the user may open the application manually.

[0076] In step 1203, application 404 may analyze data related to the subject (i.e., the person who recently experienced cardiac arrest). For example, application 404 may store demographic and health information related to the subject by pre-allowing the subject access to input self-description information. Application 404 may store various types of information, such as height, weight, age, blood pressure, previous electrocardiogram (EKG) scores, medical history, etc. In some embodiments, application 404 may be configured to analyze subject information using machine learning algorithms to make various decisions related to subsequent steps in AED treatment. In some embodiments, this analysis may be performed externally to user device 402; for example, subject data may be sent to a server (such as server 410) for processing, and the processing results may be transmitted back to user device 402 to guide the treatment process.

[0077] In step 1204, application 404 may analyze wearable data, such as various biometric data obtained from wearable devices worn by the subject. The wearable device may include a smartwatch or other wearable devices. Wearable data may include various types of data, such as, but not limited to, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, etc.

[0078] In step 1205, application 404 can detect the placement of the electrode pads. In some embodiments, application 404 can be configured to detect whether the two electrode pads are connected to a human body based on electrical measurements (such as current) of the electrode pads 106a-b. In some embodiments, detecting the placement of the electrode pads may include: after placing the electrode pads (such as electrode pads 106a-b) on the subject's body (such as below the subject's right clavicle and left armpit), application 404 can detect the magnitude of the current flowing through the subject and transmitted between the two electrode pads. Application 404 can determine whether the distance between the electrode pads is too far or too close based on the detected current intensity. For example, application 404 can use a threshold current range and compare the detected current to the threshold. If the detected current is higher or lower than the threshold, application 404 can display a warning message to the user on the device, suggesting that the electrode pads be moved closer or further away.

[0079] In step 1206, application 404 can be configured to determine the shock pattern to be applied to the subject. In some embodiments, determining the shock pattern may include: application 404 using a machine learning model to analyze subject-related data (such as height, weight, electrode placement, electrocardiogram (EKG) measurements, etc.) and wearable data, and outputting a shock pattern for resuscitating the subject. In some embodiments, application 404 may acquire and analyze data via connected electrode pads (e.g., operating as an electrocardiograph) before determining the shock pattern, and use the acquired data to determine the shock pattern. For example, the machine learning model can be trained to determine the shock pattern based on various data, such as pulse rate (frequency and rate of change), various heart rhythms, ECG complex waveforms, ST segment elevation (e.g., the vertical distance between the ECG trajectory and the baseline), ST segment depression, signs of myocardial ischemia, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. Application 404 can also be configured to detect specific respiratory patterns associated with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) as trigger events. In some embodiments, the machine learning model may include a neural network with multiple nodes, trained to map the aforementioned health data to multiple parameters (such as duration, time interval, and energy level) of the shock pattern. In some embodiments, application 404 may be configured to estimate the subject's fat percentage based on electrical measurements obtained from electrode pads 106a-b, and use this fat percentage to determine the shock pattern. In some embodiments, the machine learning model may also be configured to predict whether the subject will recover spontaneous circulation (ROSC), which means the subject will recover sustained and effective cardiac pumping function. This prediction can be achieved by analyzing data such as respiration, exercise, pulse, and blood pressure.

[0080] In some embodiments, the shock pattern may include the duration and intensity (e.g., energy level in joules (J)) of multiple energy pulses. In some embodiments, the initial pulse applied to the cardiac arrest subject is crucial to the resuscitation outcome. In step 1206, application 404 may control defibrillator unit 102 to apply a defined shock pattern to the subject. Applying the shock pattern may include using the power supply of user device 402 to power circuitry (e.g., circuitry 200) within defibrillator unit 102. A potential advantage of utilizing the power supply circuitry within a mobile device is that it provides a lower-cost device, making it accessible to more people and thus expanding the device's reach. In some embodiments, application 404 may be configured to warn nearby individuals before applying the shock pattern. For example, application 404 may use the speaker and user interface of device 101 to issue an audible alarm and display a warning message prompting people to move away from the subject during shock application. This prevents electric shock or injury to other individuals. In some embodiments, after the shock pattern is applied, application 404 may display and issue a "safety" message.

[0081] In some embodiments, before determining the shock pattern in step 1207, the mobile AED may be configured to operate as an electrocardiograph for a period of time. The application may be configured to receive this data and the electrocardiogram measurement results, and make various judgments related to the shock pattern based on these measurements. In some embodiments, after any shock pattern has been applied, all data / information related to the process may be sent from the user device 402 to the server 410, specifically to the AED improvement module 412. The AED improvement module 412 may use the received information to update and / or retrain all machine learning models related to determining the shock pattern and electrode placement, the training of which is based on demographic data, health data, and electrocardiogram measurement results. In some embodiments, a large number of mobile AED devices can be used, thereby providing a rich dataset for continuously updating algorithms and models related to AED performance. Due to the operating mode of this invention (operating the AED using an application interface in a standard operating system), the performance of the AED can be continuously updated and improved.

[0082] In some embodiments, process 1200 may be performed with the support of video and / or voice assistance. For example, application 404 may be configured to utilize any voice assistance function on the device (such as Alexa, Google Assistant, Siri, vehicle voice systems, etc.). For example, if a user opens the application but does not know how to use the AED on a victim, they can interact with application 404 via voice assistance to seek help. In some embodiments, the application may connect to an expert via video and activate the camera on mobile device 402. In some embodiments, a team of experts may be assembled to handle a large number of video connection requests. Each expert has the knowledge to operate the mobile AED 406 and can provide rapid and effective assistance and reliable information in an emergency. This is an advantage over contacting doctors or similar personnel because there is no issue of personnel availability. In some embodiments, application 404 may also allow users to directly contact law enforcement and / or emergency responders. In some embodiments, after notifying law enforcement or emergency responders via application 404, the subject's GPS location information and medical data can be immediately sent to law enforcement via application 404. This provides emergency responders with valuable advance information, saving valuable time upon their arrival at the scene.

[0083] In some embodiments, the application 404 can also assist in performing CPR while applying the electric shock mode. In some embodiments, the application 404 can be configured to detect the force applied to the subject's chest by analyzing the force on the electrode pads 106a-b, and issue instructions to the user such as "press harder" or "reduce pressure".

[0084] Figure 13 Some embodiments of the present invention are provided for use with Figure 4 An exemplary server device 1300 of the system is shown. Server device 1300 can implement a variety of functions and processes described herein. Server device 1300 can be deployed on any electronic device running software applications generated by compiled instructions, including but not limited to personal computers, servers, smartphones, media players, tablet computers, game consoles, email devices, etc. In some embodiments, server device 1300 may include one or more processors 1302, volatile memory 1304, non-volatile memory 1306, and one or more peripheral devices 1308. These components may be interconnected via one or more computer buses 1310.

[0085] Processor 1302 may employ any known processor technology, including but not limited to graphics processors and multi-core processors. Processors suitable for executing instruction programs include, but are not limited to, general-purpose microprocessors and special-purpose microprocessors, as well as a single processor or multiple processors or cores of any type of computer. Bus 1310 may employ any known internal or external bus technology, including but not limited to Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, PCI Express bus, NuBus bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) bus, or FireWire bus. Volatile memory 1304 may include, for example, Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM). Processor 1302 may receive instructions and data from read-only memory (ROM) or random access memory (RAM) or both. The basic components of a computer include a processor for executing instructions and one or more memories for storing instructions and data.

[0086] The non-volatile memory 1306 may include, for example, semiconductor storage devices such as erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and flash memory devices; disks such as internal hard disks and external hard disks; magneto-optical disks; and optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and digital versatile optical disc read-only memory (DVD-ROM). The non-volatile memory 1306 may store various computer instructions, including operating system instructions 1312, communication instructions 1315, application program instructions 1316, and application program data 1317. The operating system instructions 1312 may include instructions for implementing an operating system (such as Mac). The operating system can support multi-user, multi-process, multi-tasking, multi-threaded, and real-time operations. Communication instructions 1315 may include network communication instructions, such as software for implementing transmission control protocols like Internet Protocol (TCP / IP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Ethernet, and telephone communication. Application instructions 1316 may include instructions for applying a shock pattern using the mobile AED, contacting law enforcement, displaying instructions for applying a shock pattern using the mobile AED, and performing self-rescue operations according to the systems and methods disclosed herein. For example, application instructions 1316 may include instructions for implementing the above-described... Figure 1 The instructions of components 110-112.

[0087] Peripheral device 1308 may be built into server device 1300 or communicate with server device 1300 via an operable connection. Peripheral device 1308 may include, for example, network subsystem 1318, input controller 1320, and disk controller 1322. Network subsystem 1318 may include, for example, Ethernet with a WiFi adapter. Input controller 1320 may employ any known input device technology, including but not limited to keyboards (including virtual keyboards), mice, trackballs, touchpads, or displays. Disk controller 1322 may include one or more mass storage devices for storing data files; these devices include disks (such as internal hard drives and external hard drives), magneto-optical disks, and optical disks.

[0088] Figure 14 Some embodiments of the present invention are provided for use with Figure 1 And / or the exemplary computing device 1400 of the system shown in FIG3. In some embodiments, device 1400 may be user device 101. Exemplary user device 1400 may include a memory interface 1402, one or more data processors, a graphics processor, a central processing unit 1404 and / or a security processor 1405, and a peripheral device subsystem 1406. The memory interface 1402, one or more processors 1404 and / or the security processor 1405, and / or the peripheral device subsystem 1406 may be independent components or integrated into one or more integrated circuits. The various components in user device 1400 may be connected via one or more communication buses or signal lines.

[0089] Sensors, devices, and subsystems can be connected to peripheral device subsystem 1406 to achieve various functions. For example, motion sensor 1410, light sensor 1412, and proximity sensor 1414 can be connected to peripheral device subsystem 1406 to achieve orientation, illumination, and proximity sensing functions. Other sensors 1416 can also be connected to peripheral device subsystem 1406, such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers (e.g., GPS receivers), temperature sensors, biometric sensors, magnetometers, or other sensing devices to achieve related functions.

[0090] The camera subsystem 1420 and optical sensor 1422, such as a charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) optical sensor, can be used to implement camera functions, such as capturing photos and video clips. The camera subsystem 1420 and optical sensor 1422 can also be used to acquire user images for user authentication, for example, by performing facial recognition analysis.

[0091] Communication functions can be implemented through one or more wired and / or wireless communication subsystems 1424, which may include radio frequency receivers and transmitters, and / or optical (e.g., infrared) receivers and transmitters. For example, Bluetooth (e.g., Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE)) and / or WiFi communication described herein may be handled by the wireless communication subsystem 1424. The specific design and implementation of the communication subsystem 1424 may depend on the communication network on which the user equipment 1400 is intended to operate. For example, the user equipment 1400 may include components designed for use with Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) networks, Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE) networks, WiFi or Global System for Microwave Access (WiMax) networks, and Bluetooth. TM A communication subsystem 1424 operates on the network. For example, the wireless communication subsystem 1424 may include a managed protocol that enables the device 1400 to be configured as a base station for other wireless devices and / or to provide WiFi services.

[0092] The audio subsystem 1426 can be connected to the speaker 1428 and microphone 1430 to enable voice-enabled functions such as speaker recognition, voice copying, digital recording, and telephone communication. The audio subsystem 1426 can be configured to perform functions such as voice command processing, voiceprint recognition, and voice authentication.

[0093] The input / output (I / O) subsystem 1440 may include a touchscreen controller 1442 and / or other input controllers 1444. The touchscreen controller 1442 may be connected to a touchscreen 1446. The touchscreen 1446 and the touchscreen controller 1442 may employ a variety of touch technologies (including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies) and other proximity sensor arrays or elements for determining one or more contact points on the touchscreen 1446 to detect contact, contact movement, or contact interruption.

[0094] Other input controllers 1444 may be connected to other input / control devices 1448, such as one or more buttons, rocker switches, thumbwheels, infrared ports, USB ports, and / or pointing devices, such as pens. One or more buttons (not shown) may include up and down buttons for controlling the volume of speaker 1428 and / or microphone 1430.

[0095] In some implementations, pressing the button for a first duration unlocks the touchscreen 1446; pressing the button for a second duration (longer than the first duration) turns the user device 1400 on or off. Pressing the button for a third duration activates a voice control or voice command module, which allows the user to speak commands into the microphone 1430 to have the device execute those voice commands. The user can customize the function of one or more buttons. For example, the touchscreen 1446 can also be used to implement virtual buttons or a soft keyboard.

[0096] In some embodiments, user equipment 1400 can play recorded audio and / or video files, such as MP3, AAC, and MPEG files. In some embodiments, user equipment 1400 may have MP3 player functionality (such as an iPod). TM Therefore, user equipment 1400 may include an iPod-compatible 36-pin connector and / or an 8-pin connector. Other input / output and control devices may also be used.

[0097] Memory connection 1402 can be connected to memory 1450. Memory 1450 may include high-speed random access memory and / or non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, one or more optical storage devices, and / or flash memory (such as NAND flash memory, NOR flash memory). Memory 1450 may store operating system 1452, such as Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, Windows, or embedded operating system, such as VxWorks.

[0098] Operating system 1452 may include instructions for handling basic system services and performing hardware-related tasks. In some embodiments, operating system 1452 may be a kernel (such as a UNIX kernel). In some embodiments, operating system 1452 may include instructions for performing voice authentication.

[0099] The memory 1450 may also store communication instructions 1454 to facilitate communication with one or more other devices, one or more computers, and / or one or more servers. The memory 1450 may include graphical user interface instructions 1456 to facilitate graphical user interface processing; sensor processing instructions 1458 to facilitate sensor-related processing and functions; telephone instructions 1460 to facilitate telephone-related processing and functions; electronic messaging instructions 1462 to facilitate electronic messaging-related processing and functions; web browsing instructions 1464 to facilitate web browsing-related processing and functions; media processing instructions 1466 to facilitate media processing-related functions and processes; Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) / Navigation instructions 1468 to facilitate GNSS and navigation-related processing and instructions; and / or camera instructions 1470 to facilitate camera-related processing and functions.

[0100] Memory 1450 may store application (or "application") instructions and data 1472, as described above. Figures 1-12 The instructions for the application. The memory 1450 may also store other software instructions 1474 for various other software applications installed on the device 1400.

[0101] Specific embodiments have been described in the foregoing specification. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. For example, although the invention has been described and illustrated in conjunction with specific scenarios, it is not limited thereto. Therefore, the specification and drawings should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this teaching.

[0102] The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that may produce or make more significant the benefits, advantages, or solutions of this invention should not be construed as key, essential, or essential features or elements of any or all claims. This invention is defined only by the appended claims (including any amendments made during the examination of this application) and all their equivalents at the time of grant.

[0103] This abstract is intended to provide readers with a quick understanding of the substance of the technical disclosure. It should be understood that this abstract is not intended to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Furthermore, in the above detailed description, it can be seen that various features are grouped into different embodiments to make the disclosure more concise. This manner of disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the following claims, the inventive subject matter lies in fewer than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, each claim being itself a separately claimed subject matter.

[0104] It should be understood that the disclosed subject matter is not limited in its application to the construction details and component arrangements described in the following specification, nor to the construction details and component arrangements shown in the accompanying drawings. The disclosed subject matter can be implemented in other embodiments and can be carried out and performed in a variety of ways. Similarly, it should be understood that the wording and terminology used herein are for descriptive purposes and should not be considered restrictive. Those skilled in the art will understand that the concepts on which this disclosure is based can be readily used as the basis for designing other structures, methods, and systems to achieve the various purposes of the disclosed subject matter. Therefore, it is important that the claims be considered to encompass such equivalent constructions, provided they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the disclosed subject matter.

[0105] Although various embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that they are presented by way of example only and not as limiting. Those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from their spirit and scope. In fact, after reading the above description, those skilled in the art will understand how to implement alternative embodiments. For example, additional steps may be added to or removed from the process, and other components may be added to or removed from the system. Therefore, other implementations are also within the scope of the following claims.

[0106] Furthermore, it should be understood that any accompanying drawings highlighting features and advantages are for illustrative purposes only. The disclosed methods and systems are sufficiently flexible and configurable to be used in ways other than those shown.

[0107] Although the term "at least one" may be frequently used in the specification, claims and drawings, the terms "a," "an," "the," "the," etc. in the specification, claims and drawings also mean "at least one" or "the at least one."

[0108] Finally, the applicant intends that only claims containing the explicit use of the phrase "apparatus for..." or "steps for..." should be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). Claims that do not explicitly contain the phrase "apparatus for..." or "steps for..." should not be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f).

Claims

1. A portable defibrillator (AED) device, comprising: A mobile AED unit configured to be operatively connected to a device capable of running an application configured to acquire, during defibrillation, at least one of the subject's heart rate or blood oxygen saturation as measured by a wearable device worn by the subject; the mobile AED unit includes one or more electrodes and is configured to measure the subject's respiratory data; The device is configured to operate one or more processors, wherein the device is configured to: Detect the connection between the mobile AED unit and the device; The system detects that one or more electrodes have been connected to the subject; Receive electrocardiogram (EKG) measurement data of the subject recorded by the electrodes; The AED unit receives measured respiratory data, which is correlated with the respiratory movements of the subject's chest. After the mobile AED unit is connected to the device, wearable data measured by the wearable device is received from the wearable device worn by the subject, and the wearable data includes at least one of the subject's heart rate or blood oxygen saturation from the wearable device associated with the subject; Analyze the respiratory data to determine the subject's breathing pattern; Based on the received EKG measurement data, the wearable data including at least one of heart rate or blood oxygen saturation, and the determined breathing pattern, it is determined that the subject requires an electric shock. Based on received EKG measurement data, wearable data including at least one of heart rate or blood oxygen saturation, and a determined breathing pattern, shock mode parameters are determined, the shock mode parameters including duration, time interval, and energy level; and Based on the determination, the mobile AED applies an electric shock to the subject using the determined shock mode parameters.

2. The AED device according to claim 1, wherein, Determining whether a subject needs an electric shock involves analyzing the EKG measurement data and detecting dangerous heart rhythms.

3. The AED device according to claim 2, wherein, Detection of dangerous heart rhythms includes detecting at least one of rapid ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.

4. The AED device according to claim 1, wherein, The device is further configured to: Measuring the current flowing between the one or more electrodes; and Based on the measured current, a recommendation to adjust the distance between the one or more electrodes is displayed.

5. The AED device according to claim 1, wherein, Based on the received EKG measurement data, the wearable data, and the determined breathing pattern, it is determined that the subject requires an electric shock, including: Using a neural network with multiple nodes, at least one of the EKG measurement data, the wearable data, and the determined breathing pattern is mapped to electric shock pattern parameters, which include duration, time interval, and energy level.

6. The AED device according to claim 5, wherein, The neural network is configured to estimate the likelihood of a subject resuming spontaneous circulation (ROSC) based on the respiratory data and the wearable data.

7. The AED device according to claim 1, wherein, Receiving the EKG measurement data includes determining at least one of pulse rate, ECG complex morphology, ST segment elevation, and ST segment depression.

8. The AED device according to claim 1, wherein, Applying an electric shock to the subject includes using the power source of the device to power the circuitry within the one or more electrodes.

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