Stropharia rugoso-annulata culture medium taking pear tree branches as raw materials and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a stropharia rugoso-annulata culture medium taking pear tree branches as raw materials and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, exposing the pear tree branches, the corncobs, the straws, the cottonseed hulls and the wheat bran in the sun and then crushing; s2, drying the pear tree leaves, the honeysuckle flowers, the chrysanthemum flowers and the liquorice roots, and crushing into powder; s3, the potatoes are washed, peeled and sliced; s4, adding the materials obtained in the steps S1-S3 into water, heating until boiling, and continuously heating and stirring for 30 minutes; filtering to remove residues, and reserving juice to obtain a basic extracting solution; s5, heating the basic extracting solution to boiling, adding agar, cane sugar, vitamin B1, monopotassium phosphate and magnesium sulfate, continuously heating and stirring until the agar is completely dissolved, then sterilizing, pouring into a culture dish, and cooling and solidifying, so as to obtain the stropharia rugosoannulata culture medium. The stropharia rugoso-annulata culture medium is low in preparation cost, contains various herbaceous plants and nutrient substances, has the effects of sterilization, health care and growth promotion, and can effectively reduce the strain pollution rate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, and in particular to a large stropharia cultivation medium using pear branches as the main raw material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Large stropharia is a rare edible fungus with high nutritional value and unique flavor. Its protein content is 15%-20%, and it is rich in dietary fiber, vitamins B, and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. It has a tender taste and a nutty aroma, and its demand in the catering and health food industries continues to grow. At the same time, large stropharia has strong adaptability to temperature and humidity, and the basic cultivation technology is easy to master. In recent years, it has been planted on a large scale in many places in China and has become an important economic crop for farmers to increase their income. However, current large stropharia cultivation still relies heavily on traditional medium formulations centered on potatoes, which usually require the addition of auxiliary ingredients such as soybean peptone, yeast extract, and cottonseed hulls. Soybean peptone, as the main nitrogen source, is dependent on soybean deep processing for production, and its supply is easily affected by fluctuations in soybean prices. Although yeast extract can promote mycelial proliferation, it has high production costs and relies on industrial fermentation capacity. Cottonseed hulls, as a common carbon source carrier, are limited by cotton planting area, and the price of cottonseed hulls in some production areas increased by more than 30% in 2024 due to the reduction in cotton production, further increasing the cost of the medium. In addition, potatoes in traditional formulations mainly provide starch as a rapid carbon source, but their nutritional structure is single and cannot meet the comprehensive needs of mycelial growth and fruiting body development of large stropharia. In actual cultivation, the limitations of traditional medium have gradually emerged: first, the growth efficiency is low, with mycelial full-bottle time of 23-25 days and fruiting body harvesting cycle of 45-50 days, which is 15%-20% longer than the ideal cultivation period; second, the biomass accumulation is insufficient, with single square meter fruiting body yield of about 1.0-1.1 kg, and high-quality mushrooms (mushroom cap diameter 5-8 cm, no deformity) accounting for only 70%-75%; third, the nutritional value is limited, with low content of functional ingredients such as flavonoids and polysaccharides in fruiting bodies, lacking product differentiation advantages. More importantly, the high-priced ingredients and limited raw materials result in a cost of 350-400 yuan per ton of traditional medium, and the pressure of raw material procurement and storage is large for large-scale planting, especially in non-cotton production areas and areas with weak soybean processing, making it difficult to ensure the stability of medium supply, which seriously restricts the further expansion of the large stropharia industry. Therefore, developing a new type of culture medium taking agricultural waste and medicinal plant by-products as the core can not only reduce costs through "zero-cost raw material recovery" and "low-cost functional ingredient replacement", but also optimize the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the culture medium, supplement functional nutrients, and achieve the multiple goals of "speeding up, increasing yield, and improving quality". This has important practical significance for promoting cost reduction and efficiency improvement of the Stropharia rugoso-annulata industry, realizing the resource utilization of agricultural waste, and expanding the market for functional edible fungi. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a Stropharia rugoso-annulata culture medium using pear tree branches as raw materials. The culture medium uses pear tree branches as the main raw material, and the preparation method of the culture medium is simple. The cultivated Stropharia rugoso-annulata has the characteristics of high quality and rich nutrition.

[0004] The Stropharia rugoso-annulata culture medium using pear tree branches as raw materials provided by the present application is made from the following raw materials in a weight ratio: 60-120 parts of pear tree branches, 20-30 parts of wheat bran, 15-20 parts of corn cob, 10-20 parts of rice straw, 10-20 parts of cotton seed hulls, 10-20 parts of potatoes, 3-5 parts of sucrose, 0.8-1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of pear leaf powder, 0.1-0.5 part of honeysuckle powder, 0.1-0.5 part of chrysanthemum powder, 0.1-0.5 part of licorice powder, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin B1, 1-2 parts of agar, and 150-300 parts of water.

[0005] The preparation method of the culture medium is as follows: S1, dry and crush the pear tree branches, corn cob, rice straw, cotton seed hulls, and wheat bran, and sieve out impurities.

[0006] S2, dry and crush the pear leaves, honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, and licorice into powder.

[0007] S3, wash and peel the potatoes, and then slice them.

[0008] S4, add the materials obtained in steps S1-S3 to water, heat to boiling, and continue to heat and stir for 30 minutes; then filter out the residue, retain the juice, and obtain a basic extract.

[0009] S5, heat the basic extract to boiling, add the coagulant agar, sucrose, vitamin B1, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate, continue to heat and stir until the agar is completely dissolved, then pour into a triangular flask or a culture bottle and send it into a high-pressure sterilization pot for sterilization, after sterilization, pour into a culture dish and cool to solidify, and obtain the Stropharia rugoso-annulata culture medium.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the pear tree branches, corn cob, rice straw, cotton seed hulls, and wheat bran are exposed to sunlight for 20-22 hours.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the drying condition is drying at 40℃ for 3-4 hours.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the potato is cut into 1cm-thick slices.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the advantages of: (1) The culture medium of the present application uses pear tree branches as the main raw material, which can effectively treat orchard waste, reduce the preparation cost of the culture medium, and has a simple preparation method, thereby improving the economic benefit.

[0014] (2) The culture medium of the present application contains various herbs and nutrients, has the effects of sterilization, health care and growth promotion, can effectively reduce the contamination rate of strains, and the cultivated large fruiting body has the characteristics of high quality and rich nutrition, thereby improving the yield and quality.

[0015] Other advantages, objects and features of the present application will be apparent from the following description, and will be understood by those skilled in the art through the study and practice of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described below, and it should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0017] Example 1 A large fruiting body culture medium using pear tree branches as the raw material is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 60 parts of pear tree branches, 25 parts of wheat bran, 15 parts of corn cob, 10 parts of rice straw, 10 parts of cotton seed hulls, 10 parts of potatoes, 3 parts of sucrose, 0.8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 parts of pear leaf powder, 0.1 parts of honeysuckle powder, 0.1 parts of chrysanthemum powder, 0.1 parts of licorice powder, 0.1 parts of vitamin B1, 1 part of agar, and 150 parts of water.

[0018] The preparation method of the culture medium is as follows: (1) The pear tree branches, corn cob, rice straw, cotton seed hulls and wheat bran are crushed into small pieces after being exposed to the sun for 20-22 hours, and impurities are removed by sieving.

[0019] (2) The pear leaves, honeysuckle, chrysanthemum and licorice are placed in a drying device and dried at 40℃ for 3-4 hours until completely dry. The dried material is removed and naturally cooled to room temperature, and then crushed into a fine powder state passing through a 100-mesh sieve.

[0020] (3) The potato is washed, peeled and cut into 1cm-thick slices.

[0021] (4) Put the material obtained in step (1), (2), (3) into a stainless steel pot, add water 150 parts, tightly cover the pot, continue heating and stirring for 30 min after heating to boiling in water bath, then remove the residue by multi-layer gauze filtration, retain the juice to obtain the basic extract.

[0022] (5) Pour the basic extract into a stainless steel pot, boil to boiling, then add agar, sucrose, vitamin B1, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate, continue heating and stirring until the agar is completely dissolved, then divide into triangular bottles or culture bottles, each bottle is filled with about 2 / 3 volume; the culture medium is sent into an autoclave for sterilization, then poured into a culture dish and cooled to solidify, thereby obtaining the fruiting body culture medium of Macrocybe epigaea.

[0023] Example 2 A fruiting body culture medium of Macrocybe epigaea using pear branch as raw material is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: Pear branch 80 parts, wheat bran 30 parts, corn cob 20 parts, rice straw 20 parts, cotton seed hull 20 parts, potato 20 parts, sucrose 5 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 part, magnesium sulfate 1 part, pear leaf powder 1 part, honeysuckle powder 0.5 part, chrysanthemum powder 0.5 part, licorice powder 0.5 part, vitamin B1 0.5 part, agar 2 parts, water 225 parts.

[0024] The preparation method of the culture medium is the same as that in Example 1.

[0025] Example 3 A fruiting body culture medium of Macrocybe epigaea using pear branch as raw material is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: Pear branch 120 parts, wheat bran 60 parts, corn cob 45 parts, rice straw 45 parts, cotton seed hull 45 parts, potato 45 parts, sucrose 11 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 parts, magnesium sulfate 2 parts, pear leaf powder 2 parts, honeysuckle powder 1 part, chrysanthemum powder 1 part, licorice powder 1 part, vitamin B1 1 part, agar 4 parts, water 300 parts.

[0026] The preparation method of the culture medium is the same as that in Example 1.

[0027] Comparative Example 1 The pear branch is not added in the culture medium, and the rest of the operations are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0028] Comparative Example 2 The pear leaf powder is not added in the culture medium, and the rest of the operations are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0029] Comparative Example 3 The cotton seed hull is not added in the culture medium, and the rest of the operations are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0030] Comparative Example 4 The medium does not add pear tree leaf powder, honeysuckle powder, chrysanthemum powder, liquorice powder, and the rest of the operation is exactly the same as example 2.

[0031] Comparative example 5 A kind of macrocybe culture medium with potato as core raw material, which is made from the following raw materials by weight: Potato 200 parts, wheat bran 40 parts, corn cob 30 parts, sucrose 8 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 parts, magnesium sulfate 1.5 parts, vitamin B1 0.8 parts, agar 5 parts, water 170 parts.

[0032] The preparation method of the medium is as follows: (1) The corn cob and wheat bran are exposed to the sun for 20-22h, and after removing excess water, they are treated together with the washed and peeled potatoes. The potatoes are cut into 1cm thick slices, and the corn cob and wheat bran are crushed into small pieces and sieved to remove impurities. (2) Put the potato slices, corn cob pieces and wheat bran pieces obtained in step (1) into a stainless steel pot, add 170 parts of water, cover the pot tightly, and continue to heat and stir for 35-45min after boiling in water bath, then filter the residue with multiple layers of gauze to remove the residue, and retain the juice to obtain the basic extract. (3) Pour the basic extract into a stainless steel pot, boil on high heat, then add agar, sucrose, vitamin B1, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate, continue to heat and stir until the agar is completely dissolved, then divide into triangular bottles or culture bottles, each bottle contains about 1 / 5-1 / 4 volume; the medium is sent into a high-pressure sterilization pot, sterilized at 0.12-0.15MPa, 121℃ for 25-30min, and then poured into a culture dish after sterilization and cooled to solidify, to obtain the macrocybe culture medium. The medium prepared by examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 is used to culture macrocybe mycelium, and the inoculation method and culture environment are consistent. At the same time, comparative example 6 is set up: the medium prepared in example 3 is used to culture pleurotus. The strain is pleurotus strain, and the inoculation method and culture environment are consistent with the cultivation conditions of macrocybe in example 3, only the adaptability of the pear branch base medium to different edible fungi is compared through the difference of the strain. The culture results are shown in table 1.

[0033] Table 1, culture results of the medium of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-6 for culturing macrocybe or pleurotus

[0034] In the table, +++ mycelium is thick and dense, white; ++ mycelium is thick and white; + sparse, gray.

[0035] According to the data in Table 1, comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the present application can effectively promote the development of the mycelium of the strain and improve the vitality of the mycelium by adding pear tree branches to the Stropharia rugosoannulata culture medium. From Comparative Examples 2 and 3, it can be seen that the effect of cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata is obviously lower than that of Example 1 if the pear tree leaf powder or cottonseed hulls are absent from the Stropharia rugosoannulata culture medium of the present application. From Example 2 and Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that the present application can effectively shorten the time for the culture medium to produce mycelium and thus ensure the activity of the strain by simultaneously adding pear tree leaf powder, honeysuckle powder, chrysanthemum powder, licorice powder and other extracted components to the edible fungus strain culture medium. In addition, these plant powders also have certain antibacterial and antioxidant effects and can reduce the risk of contamination of the culture medium. It is thus proved that the components such as pear tree branches, pear tree leaf powder and cottonseed hulls in the culture medium of the present application are indispensable and can only achieve the best cultivation effect of Stropharia rugosoannulata when used simultaneously. Therefore, the culture medium formula of the present application, by reasonably matching a plurality of raw materials, not only provides rich nutrients but also enhances the stress resistance of the mycelium and reduces the probability of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria.

[0036] The results of the fruiting body agronomic traits of Examples 1-3 and part of the comparative examples are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 2, fruiting body agronomic traits

[0038] In the table, the bioconversion rate = fresh weight of fruiting body (g) / dry weight of cultivation material (g) x 100% From the data of the fruiting body agronomic traits in Table 2, it can be seen that the culture medium with pear tree branches as the core and matched with herbaceous plant powders has a significant advantage in the development of Stropharia rugosoannulata fruiting bodies. Example 1 containing 60 parts of pear tree branches is superior to Comparative Example 1 without pear tree branches in terms of cap diameter, cap thickness, stem diameter, stem length, single mushroom weight and bioconversion rate. Example 2 containing 80 parts of pear tree branches and adding pear tree leaf powder, honeysuckle powder, chrysanthemum powder, licorice powder and other components is superior to Comparative Example 4 not containing pear tree leaf powder, honeysuckle powder, chrysanthemum powder, licorice powder and other components in terms of each index of the fruiting body. The fruiting body agronomic traits of Stropharia rugosoannulata inoculated with the culture medium of Example 3 are also better than those of Comparative Example 6 inoculated with Pleurotus ostreatus. This further indicates that pear tree branches can provide sufficient and suitable nutrients for the fruiting body, herbaceous powders can synergistically optimize the morphology and conversion efficiency of the fruiting body, and the culture medium has a higher adaptability to Stropharia rugosoannulata, which is a culture medium suitable for the cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata and can better achieve high-quality and high-yield of Stropharia rugosoannulata. This is because the culture medium of the present application is designed according to the nutritional requirements and growth characteristics of Stropharia rugosoannulata and does not match the physiological metabolic mechanism of Pleurotus ostreatus, which cannot meet the needs of mycelium germination and fruiting body development of Pleurotus ostreatus, and thus is only suitable for Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivation and not suitable for Pleurotus ostreatus.

[0039] To sum up, the pear branch base large Stropharia rugosoannulata culture medium of the application, through the formula design of "waste utilization + herbaceous component synergism", can not only reduce cost and pollution, but also promote the mycelium growth and fruit body development of Stropharia rugosoannulata, realize high quality and high yield, and clearly define the strain adaptation limitation, thereby providing a feasible technical scheme for large-scale and efficient cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata.

[0040] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Although the present application has been disclosed as above with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above disclosed technical content without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present application are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a culture medium for *Agaricus macrocarpa* using pear tree branches as raw material, characterized in that, Made from the following raw materials in the indicated weight proportions: 60-120 parts pear tree branches, 20-30 parts wheat bran, 15-20 parts corn cobs, 10-20 parts rice straw, 10-20 parts cottonseed hulls, 10-20 parts potatoes, 3-5 parts sucrose, 0.8-1 part potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1 part magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 part pear tree leaf powder, 0.1-0.5 part honeysuckle powder, 0.1-0.5 part chrysanthemum powder, 0.1-0.5 part licorice powder, 0.1-0.5 part vitamin B1, 1-2 parts agar, and 150-300 parts water.

2. The method for preparing the culture medium for *Agaricus macrocarpa* using pear tree branches as raw material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Dry pear tree branches, corn cobs, rice straw, cottonseed hulls and wheat bran, then crush them and sieve them to remove impurities; S2. Dry the pear tree leaves, honeysuckle, chrysanthemum and licorice and then grind them into powder; S3. Wash and peel the potatoes, then slice them. S4. Add the materials obtained in steps S1-S3 to water, heat to boiling, and continue heating and stirring for 30 minutes; then filter to remove the residue, retain the juice, and obtain the basic extract. S5. After heating the basic extract to boiling, add agar, sucrose, vitamin B1, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate. Continue heating and stirring until the agar is completely dissolved. Then pour it into Erlenmeyer flasks or culture flasks and sterilize. After sterilization, pour it into petri dishes to cool and solidify, thus obtaining the culture medium for *Agaricus bisporus*.

3. The method for preparing the culture medium for *Agaricus macrocarpa* using pear tree branches as raw material as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1, pear tree branches, corn cobs, rice straw, cottonseed hulls, and wheat bran are placed in the sun to dry for 20-22 hours.

4. The method for preparing the culture medium for *Agaricus macrocarpa* using pear tree branches as raw material as described in claim 2, characterized in that... In step S2, the drying conditions are: drying at 40°C for 3-4 hours.

5. The method for preparing the culture medium for *Agaricus macrocarpa* using pear tree branches as raw material as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, the potatoes are sliced ​​into 1cm thin slices.

6. The method for preparing the culture medium for *Agaricus macrocarpa* using pear tree branches as raw material as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S5, sterilization is performed using an autoclave.

7. A culture medium for *Agaricus macrocarpa* made from pear tree branches, characterized in that, It is prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1-6.

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