Strawberry and rice rotation cultivation method suitable for facility greenhouse

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a strawberry and rice rotation cultivation method suitable for a facility greenhouse, which comprises the following steps: S1, planting strawberry seedlings in the greenhouse from the last ten-day of August to the first ten-day of September every year until harvesting is finished at the end of April in the next year; s2, after strawberry harvesting and greenhouse cleaning, directly planting a water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety of which the whole growth period is less than or equal to 95 days in the same greenhouse from May 10th to May 25th, and completing rice harvesting from the middle ten days of August to the end of August; s3, after the rice is harvested, land preparation is performed for strawberry field planting in the next round; according to the method, water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties which are extremely short in whole growth period and resistant to high temperature are selected, crop rotation connection is accurately arranged, and the traditional land idle period about four months after strawberry harvesting is successfully converted into a complete rice production season; therefore, one-year-one-ripening of the same land is changed into one-year-two-ripening of strawberry-rice, the multiple cropping index is doubled, and the annual output and utilization efficiency of unit land area are greatly improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a strawberry and rice rotation planting method suitable for facilities greenhouse. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the intensive agricultural area represented by Shanghai Jinshan area, greenhouse strawberry is an important efficient economic crop. Its typical planting mode is as follows: strawberry seedlings are planted at the end of August to early September every year, and the harvesting period lasts from late November of the current year to the end of April of the next year. After the strawberry harvesting is completed, the greenhouse land is usually in an idle state for nearly four months from early May to the end of August, only soil treatment such as high-temperature smothering is carried out after cleaning the garden, so as to alleviate the problems of soil compaction and intensified pest damage caused by long-term strawberry continuous cropping, until the next batch of strawberries is planted;

[0003] The core reason for causing the idle period of the land is that the period (from May to August) is the high-temperature and high-humidity season in summer, the environment in the greenhouse is more severe, and the conventional short-hydroperiod economic crops are difficult to grow normally, and the rice varieties with long hydroperiod cannot complete growth in the idle period and connect with the next batch of strawberries in time. Therefore, although the land idling causes resource waste, there is a lack of feasible planting scheme to utilize the gap period in production.

[0004] Therefore, under the premise of not affecting the production cycle of the main economic crop (strawberry), making full use of the idle period has become a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0005] The application aims to provide a strawberry and rice rotation planting method suitable for facilities greenhouse, so as to solve the problem that the idle period of the land from the traditional planting method after the greenhouse strawberry is harvested to the planting of the next batch of strawberries cannot be effectively utilized, resulting in a low land re-planting index and limited annual output per unit area.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme:

[0007] A strawberry and rice rotation planting method suitable for facilities greenhouse, comprising:

[0008] S1, planting strawberry seedlings in the greenhouse from late August to early September every year, until the end of April of the next year;

[0009] S2, after the strawberry harvesting and cleaning of the greenhouse, planting water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties with a total hydroperiod of less than or equal to 95 days by direct seeding in the same greenhouse from May 10 to May 25, and completing the rice harvesting from mid-August to the end of August;

[0010] S3, after the rice harvesting, carrying out land arrangement for the next batch of strawberry planting.

[0011] Strawberry is a dry crop (requires dry land environment during the growing period), and rice is a water crop (requires humid / water layer environment during the growing period), and the two are rotated to achieve "dry-water-dry" soil environment alternation:

[0012] The dry land environment of the strawberry season is prone to soil compaction (mild compaction may occur after continuous planting of strawberries for more than 3 years), while the humid / water layer environment of the rice season can soften the soil structure, break the compaction layer, and improve the soil permeability through plowing after harvesting;

[0013] Water and drought alternation can change the soil pH value and oxidation-reduction potential, inhibit the survival environment of specific soil-borne pathogens of strawberries (such as Fusarium, which causes strawberry root rot) and insect eggs (such as root-knot nematodes). The pathogens / eggs are difficult to reproduce in the "dry-water" environment, and the base number of soil-borne diseases of the next season's strawberries is significantly reduced.

[0014] If sowing is done in mid-to-late May, harvesting can be completed before the end of August, completely avoiding the strawberry planting period from late August to early September, and ensuring the closed loop of rotation timing. Heat tolerance can reduce the impact of high summer greenhouse temperatures on pollen viability and ensure seed set rate.

[0015] Preferably, the sowing time of the water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety is no later than May 25.

[0016] Preferably, the water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety is sown to the seedling stage and closed in the greenhouse for temperature and humidity control, with a temperature of 30-32°C to promote seed germination; after germination, ventilation and hardening are carried out in stages, with a temperature of 20-25°C from 1.5 leaf stage to 2.5 leaf stage to prevent high temperature from causing excessive growth, and after 2.5 leaf stage, the greenhouse film on both sides and both ends is opened for ventilation to avoid high temperature in the greenhouse from burning the seedlings.

[0017] Preferably, the water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety is sown to the seedling stage and kept moist in the field, and after 3 leaf stage, a dry-wet alternating wet irrigation method is used; when the stem tiller number reaches 80% of the expected ear number, the field is exposed to the sun, with the standard being white field surface and ground cracking; keep water layer during booting stage, and use intermittent irrigation during grain filling stage.

[0018] The drought-resistant gene makes its root system developed (can deep into the soil layer to absorb water), without the need for full irrigation: from sowing to seedling stage, wet management (no need for water layer), after 3 leaf stage, dry-wet alternation (only need to keep the soil moist, no need for continuous irrigation), which saves 30%-40% water compared with conventional rice irrigation;

[0019] The drainage condition in the greenhouse is limited, and if full irrigation is used, it is easy to cause rice root rot, while "dry-wet alternation + field exposure" can control the field water content and avoid root hypoxia, and field exposure can promote root deep penetration (white roots exposed) and improve stress resistance.

[0020] Preferably, the water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety is planted with urea application amount of 12.5-20 kg per mu during the planting period.

[0021] Preferably, the urea is applied twice, including one tillering fertilizer and one ear fertilizer.

[0022] The tillering fertilizer is applied 15 days after sowing, and the ear fertilizer is applied 45 days after sowing.

[0023] Rice needs a high amount of nitrogen during the tillering period (to promote effective tillering), and at this time, the application of tillering fertilizer (urea 10 kg / mu) can directly meet the demand and reduce nutrient loss; the nitrogen requirement increases again during the young ear differentiation period (to promote ear development), and at this time, the application of ear fertilizer (urea 10 kg / mu) can guarantee the number of grains per ear and avoid the problems of excessive nitrogen at the early stage leading to overgrowth and insufficient nitrogen at the later stage leading to yield reduction.

[0024] Preferably, the live seeding amount per mu is 10 kg.

[0025] The prevention and treatment of diseases, pests and weeds is carried out according to the prevention and treatment opinions of the local plant protection department.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The present application successfully converts the traditional idle period of nearly four months after strawberry harvesting into a complete rice production season by selecting a water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety with extremely short growth period and high temperature resistance and accurately arranging the crop connection, which makes the same piece of land change from one crop per year to "strawberry-rice" two crops per year, doubles the multiple cropping index, and greatly improves the annual output and utilization efficiency per unit land area.

[0028] The present application increases one season of rice production through strawberry and rice rotation, which not only stabilizes the production of this high-efficiency economic crop, strawberry, but also brings additional grain output and economic income to the growers.

[0029] The present application overcomes the soil continuous cropping obstacles through water and drought rotation, and the flooding environment during the rice growth period can change the oxidation-reduction state of the soil, effectively leaching the salt accumulated in the soil due to long-term fertilization, and inhibiting the survival and reproduction of specific pathogens (such as fusarium) and insect eggs (such as root knot nematodes) of strawberries, thereby creating a healthier soil environment for the next crop of strawberries, reducing the occurrence of diseases and pests, and reducing the use of pesticides.

[0030] The present application greatly reduces water consumption compared with traditional rice planting through wet irrigation management technology; at the same time, the small environment in the greenhouse and the water-saving cultivation mode also reduce the growth of weeds and the frequency of occurrence of diseases and pests, thereby reducing the application amount of herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers, and conforming to the development direction of green and low-carbon agriculture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below.

[0032] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, it will be appreciated that the present application can be practiced in a variety of ways beyond the specific details set forth herein, which can be practiced in other embodiments and applied to other ways within the scope of the application and its equivalents. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the

[0033] Second, the "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" as used herein means a specific implementation that can include features, structures or characteristics that are included in at least one implementation of the present application. "In one embodiment" appearing in different places in the specification does not mean the same embodiment, nor is it an embodiment that is separate or alternative to other embodiments.

[0034] Embodiment one: this embodiment provides a strawberry and rice rotation cultivation method suitable for facility greenhouse in Shanghai Jinshan District.

[0035] Rotation site and basic conditions

[0036] Time and place: this embodiment was implemented in a facility agricultural greenhouse (tubular greenhouse) of Shanghai Qianhe Vegetable Planting Professional Cooperative in Chao'an Village, Tinglin Town, Jinshan District, Shanghai in 2024.

[0037] Soil conditions: before implementation, the greenhouse had been continuously planted with strawberries for three years, showing mild continuous cropping obstacle symptoms, such as soil compaction and increased incidence of strawberry root rot. The soil is sandy loam with general water retention.

[0038] Climate conditions: during the implementation period, the typical summer high temperature in Shanghai was experienced, and the maximum temperature in the greenhouse often reached 40-50℃ during the day.

[0039] The rotation method of this embodiment takes one natural year as a cycle, and the specific time sequence arrangement is as follows:

[0040] First crop:

[0041] The crop is strawberry, and the planting time is September 5, 2024. The 'Red Beauty' and other excellent strawberry varieties are selected. The harvest period is from late December 2024 to the end of April 2025. The greenhouse is cleaned in early May 2025, and the strawberry plants are removed and the field residues are cleaned up.

[0042] Second crop:

[0043] The crop is water-saving and drought-resistant rice. Seed soaking and germination were carried out on May 20, 2025, and the seeds were soaked for 48 hours. The sowing time was May 25, 2025, and the artificial sowing was adopted, with a sowing amount of 10 kg (5 kg) per mu, and the whole growth period was 95 days. The rice was harvested on August 29, 2025, with an average yield of 402.96 kg per mu.

[0044] Next round:

[0045] Crop: strawberry, prepared for the next round of strawberry planting by ploughing and planting in early September 2025.

[0046] Key cultivation management during rice planting stage

[0047] Water management (precise water-saving irrigation):

[0048] From sowing to seedling stage (0-7 days after sowing): keep the field surface moist but without standing water. If it is a continuous sunny day, irrigate "running water" in the morning when the field surface appears fine cracks, irrigate and drain immediately to ensure adequate water but no water accumulation.

[0049] Seedling stage (1 leaf 1 heart to 3 leaf stage, about 7-20 days after sowing): continue to use wet management to promote root penetration.

[0050] Tillering to field drying stage (about 20-50 days after sowing): start field drying when the number of tillers per unit area reaches 80% of the target number of effective panicles (about 280-300 thousand seedlings per mu). The field drying standard is: field surface whitening, fine cracks, white roots visible, and leaf color fading. This controls ineffective tillers and promotes deep root penetration; first, dry the field in the blocks with overgrown, early appearing, dark, leafy, and yellowing leaves, and vice versa.

[0051] From booting to grain filling stage (about 50-85 days after sowing): this is the most sensitive period for water. Maintain a 3-5 cm water layer during the booting stage, and roll up the film on both sides of the greenhouse to 1 meter high from the ground, with both ends open to enhance ventilation and prevent high temperature heat damage. During the grain filling stage, use the "dry-wet alternating, wet-based" intermittent irrigation method until a week before maturity.

[0052] Temperature management:

[0053] From sowing to seedling: close the greenhouse, keep it warm and humid, and control the temperature in the greenhouse to 30-32℃. If the temperature exceeds 35℃ at noon, roll up the film on both sides of the greenhouse, and open both ends to enhance ventilation and cooling.

[0054] From seedling to 1.5 leaf stage: control the temperature in the greenhouse to 25-28℃, with a maximum of 30℃. Open the doors at both ends of the greenhouse for ventilation and seedling hardening from 10 am to 3 pm on sunny days.

[0055] From 1.5 leaf stage to 2.5 leaf stage: control the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-25℃. Gradually increase the ventilation to prevent seedling overgrowth.

[0056] 2.5 leaf stage: The film on both sides of the greenhouse is rolled up and fixed at shoulder height (about 1.5 meters), and the doors at both ends are fully open, making the greenhouse similar to a rain shelter state, ensuring air circulation inside and outside the greenhouse, and avoiding high temperature burn of seedlings.

[0057] Fertilizer management: 1-2 days before rice seeding, "soil fertility simple judgment" is carried out: take 20 cm surface soil, if the soil is loose, the color is black (organic matter is rich), and the hand is easy to scatter (wetness is appropriate), it can be preliminarily judged that the fertility is good, and no base fertilizer is needed; If the soil color is light, the soil is hard, and the hand is easy to scatter (no viscosity), a small amount of base fertilizer is needed.

[0058] Base fertilizer: combined with land preparation, 15 kg of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O = 15-15-15) per mu.

[0059] Topdressing: a total of 20 kg of urea per mu is applied during the whole growth period. Among them, 10 kg of urea is applied as tillering fertilizer (15 days after sowing); 10 kg of urea is applied as ear fertilizer (about 45 days after sowing).

[0060] When no base fertilizer is applied, the topdressing scheme is: the amount of urea for tillering fertilizer (15 days after sowing) is increased from 10 kg per mu to 12 kg per mu to make up for the lack of nitrogen in the early stage and ensure the supply of nutrients during the tillering period; The amount of ear fertilizer remains unchanged at 10 kg per mu to avoid nitrogen deficiency affecting the number of grains per ear in the later stage.

[0061] Disease and pest control:

[0062] Weeding: within 2 days after sowing, use the corresponding herbicide for closed weeding: at the two-leaf-one-heart stage of rice, use the corresponding herbicide for the second closed weeding by using toxic fertilizer method; Once a week during the middle stage of rice growth.

[0063] Disease and pest control: according to the prediction and forecast of the local plant protection department, comprehensive pesticide control is carried out once during the breaking period of rice, mainly to prevent rice blast and rice planthopper. Specific disease and pest control is carried out according to the local plant protection control opinion.

[0064] This example successfully realizes the "strawberry-rice" one-year two-crop rotation mode. It is determined that:

[0065] Land utilization rate: the multiple cropping index reaches 200%, effectively utilizing the idle period of land from May to August.

[0066] Economic benefits: in addition to the income of strawberries, the added value of rice production (402.96 kg per mu) is increased, and at the same time, due to the fact that the greenhouse film is not removed during the early stage of rice planting, high temperature, and sterilization, combined with cultivation management measures, water, fertilizer and pesticide are saved (urea is reduced by 8-10 kg per mu), and the cost per mu is saved by about 200 yuan.

[0067] Ecological benefits: After rice harvesting, the soil hardening condition is obviously improved. The drastic change of the environment of water and drought rotation can effectively inhibit the survival of special soil-borne disease bacteria (such as fusarium) and insect eggs (such as root-knot nematode) of strawberry, and the soil-borne disease base number of the next crop of strawberry is significantly reduced.

[0068] Performance of rice: Even in a high-temperature greenhouse environment, it still shows excellent heat resistance and adaptability, with an average seed setting rate of 79.8%, which is 7.1 percentage points higher than that of the same variety planted in the open air, far exceeding the same variety planted in the open air at the same period.

[0069] It should be understood that during the development of any actual implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions can be made. Such development efforts, while possibly complex and time-consuming, would nevertheless be routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure, and would not require undue experimentation to generate.

[0070] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and not to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and they should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for strawberry and rice rotation cultivation in greenhouses, characterized in that, include: S1. Strawberry seedlings are planted in greenhouses from late August to early September each year, and the harvest ends at the end of April of the following year. S2. After the strawberry harvest and greenhouse cleaning, water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties with a full growth period of ≤95 days were directly planted in the same greenhouse from May 10 to 25. The rice harvest was completed from mid-August to the end of August. S3. After the rice harvest, the land is prepared for the next round of strawberry planting.

2. The method for strawberry and rice rotation cultivation in greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The latest sowing time for the water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties mentioned above is May 25th.

3. The method for strawberry and rice rotation cultivation in greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties are kept warm and moist in a closed greenhouse from sowing to emergence, with the temperature at 30-32℃. After emergence, the seedlings are hardened off in stages with ventilation. From the 1.5-leaf stage to the 2.5-leaf stage, the temperature is controlled at 20-25℃. After the 2.5-leaf stage, the plastic film on both sides and ends of the greenhouse is opened for ventilation.

4. A method for strawberry and rice rotation cultivation in greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties are kept moist from sowing to the seedling stage. After the 3-leaf stage, a wet irrigation method with alternating dry and wet conditions is adopted. When the number of tillers in the field reaches 80% of the expected number of panicles, the field is dried. The standard for drying the field is that the field surface turns white and the ground cracks. A water layer is maintained during the booting stage, and intermittent irrigation is adopted during the grain filling stage.

5. A method for strawberry and rice rotation cultivation in greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The recommended application rate of urea per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) during the planting of the water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties is 12.5-20 kg.

6. A method for strawberry and rice rotation cultivation in greenhouses according to claim 5, characterized in that, The urea is applied in two applications: once as a tillering fertilizer and once as a heading fertilizer.

7. A method for strawberry and rice rotation cultivation in greenhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing rate for direct seeding is 10 jin per mu.