Multi-nutrition-level ecological polyculture method for babylonia areolata

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-nutrition-level ecological polyculture method for babylonia areolata, which comprises the following steps: sequentially constructing a composite ecological base, sequentially putting macroalgae, filter-feeding shellfish, omnivorous fish and babylonia areolata, and carrying out disease control by adopting a Chinese herbal medicine sustained-release preparation, so that multi-nutrition-level ecological synergy is realized. Test results show that the disease rate of babylonia in the embodiment of the invention is as low as 1.0%, the survival rate is as high as 96.5%, muscle has no drug residue, the total number of vibrios in water is only 85CFU / mL, and the biomass of gracilaria lemaneiformis is increased by 15.2%. The efficient, stable and self-purification breeding system is formed through mycoderm-fish reef-algae material circulation, disease biological prevention and control of tilapia-babylonia and green cooperation of a Chinese herbal medicine-ecological system, the problems of multiple diseases, drug residues, environmental pollution and the like in traditional breeding are effectively solved, and the breeding cost is reduced. The unification of economic and ecological benefits is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, and in particular to a multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for the spotted snail. Background Technology

[0002] Square-spotted East Wind Snail ( Babylonia areolata As a farmed aquatic species with high economic value, it enjoys strong market demand due to its delicious meat and rich nutrition, and its farming prospects are broad. Traditional farming methods often employ high-density monoculture, but this model faces several bottlenecks that urgently need to be addressed. First, the breeding environment is prone to deterioration. The accumulation of uneaten feed and excrement from high-density feeding leads to excessive levels of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water, resulting in poor water quality stability and severely restricting the growth and survival of the whelk.

[0003] Secondly, diseases are frequent and control measures are outdated. Under the dual pressure of stress and poor water quality, diseases are prone to outbreak and spread. Aquaculture farmers often rely on antibiotics and chemical disinfectants for prevention and control, which not only easily leads to drug resistance in pathogens but also causes drug residues, threatening food safety and the ecological environment, which is contrary to the development direction of green aquaculture.

[0004] To improve water quality, some practitioners have tried simple polyculture models, such as snail-algae or snail-fish polyculture. However, these are mostly limited to simple pairings of two organisms, failing to build a structurally complete and functionally complementary ecosystem. Material cycling efficiency is low, and effective synergistic and mutually beneficial relationships between biological components are difficult to form. This results in limited improvement in ecological and economic benefits, poor stability of the aquaculture system, weak resistance to disturbance, and difficulty in improving aquaculture profitability. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method that can achieve water self-purification, trophic level cycling, and ecological disease control to address the shortcomings of traditional aquaculture models. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for the spotted snail, which solves the above problems.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: a multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for the spotted snail, comprising the following steps: S1. Constructing a composite ecological substrate: fine sand is laid at the bottom of the aquaculture water area and porous artificial reefs are placed. The surface of the artificial reefs is pre-cured to form a composite probiotic film composed of photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria. S2. Constructing a multitrophic hierarchy: Inoculate with large algae in sequence, then introduce filter-feeding shellfish, then introduce omnivorous fish, and finally introduce spotted snails. S3. Collaborative management of ecological balance: Daily monitoring of water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH value, with dissolved oxygen maintained above 5 mg / L and pH value controlled between 7.8 and 8.5. Specialized feed is provided, and herbal extracts are used regularly for disease prevention and control.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, a semi-enclosed aquaculture area with a salinity of 25-32‰ and a water temperature of 22-28℃ is selected. After dredging and disinfection, a layer of fine sand with a thickness of 5-8cm is laid at the bottom of the water area. The dredging and disinfection uses a mixture of quicklime and bleaching powder, wherein the concentration of quicklime is 20-30g / m³. 3 The concentration of bleaching powder is 5-8 g / m³. 3 The artificial reefs are made of porous concrete, and are placed at a density of 3-5 reefs per 100 square meters of water, with each reef having a volume of 0.5-1 m³. 3 .

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the composite probiotic film is prepared by pouring a mixed bacterial solution and nutrient solution into a pool at a volume ratio of 1:10-20, submerging the artificial reef, and cultivating the film for 7-10 days at a temperature of 25-30℃, a light intensity of 2000-5000 Lux, and a daily light duration of no less than 12 hours. During cultivation, micro-aeration is maintained to keep the dissolved oxygen concentration at 2-4 mg / L, until the film thickness reaches 0.1-0.3 mm and the bacterial count is ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL, the mixed bacterial solution consists of photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria in a weight ratio of (2-3):(1-2):1; The photosynthetic bacteria are *Rhodopseudomonas palustris* (…). Rhodopseudomonas palustris ); The Bacillus species is Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) Bacillus subtilis ); The lactic acid bacteria is *Lactobacillus plantarum* (… Lactobacillus plantarum ).

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the construction sequence is as follows: S2a. First, introduce large algae at a rate of 5-8 kg / m³. 3 The large algae are selected from seaweed, rock seaweed or wakame, and act as primary producers to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients; S2b, 7-10 days later, when the large algae begin to grow and absorb nutrients, introduce filter-feeding shellfish at a rate of 3-5 kg / m³. 3 The filter-feeding shellfish are suspended in the upper layer of the water using net cages. The filter-feeding shellfish are selected from oysters, clams, scallops or mussels, and filter-feed on plankton and organic detritus. S2c, after 5-7 days, feeding omnivorous fish, the feeding amount is 1-2 kg / m 3 , the omnivorous fish is tilapia with a body length of 5-8 cm, feeding on residual feed and small organisms, regulating ecological balance; S2d, finally, feeding 1-2 cm long Rapana venosa seedlings, the feeding amount is 0.5-1 kg / m 3 , using the bottom environment to grow, forming the top-level breeding organisms.

[0010] Preferably, the macroalgae is sterilized by soaking in a 0.1-0.3% (w / v) potassium permanganate solution for 5-10 minutes before being fed.

[0011] Preferably, the filter-feeding shellfish is loaded in a net cage with a mesh size of 1-2 cm, and 10-15 kg of oysters are loaded in each net cage, and the net cage is hung in the water area at a depth of 0.5-1 m from the water surface.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the special feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: fish meal 20-30 parts, soybean meal 15-20 parts, algal powder 10-15 parts, compound vitamins 5-8 parts, minerals 3-5 parts, and bran 22-47 parts; the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the Rapana venosa and the omnivorous fish.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the Chinese herbal medicine extract is made of Coptis 5-10 parts, Amur Cork Tree 5-8 parts, Huangqi 5-8 parts, Honeysuckle 3-5 parts, and Ban-Lang-Gen 3-5 parts, which are nano-pulverized into ultra-fine powder with a particle size of ≤25 μm, 3-5 times the weight of water is added, and the ultra-fine powder is dissolved in 0.1-1% (w / v) chitosan solution with the aid of ultrasonic waves, and then concentrated and freeze-dried to form a slow-release preparation, and the spraying concentration is adjusted to 0.8-1.5 g / m 3 .

[0014] Preferably, the ultrasonic temperature is 30-50°C, the frequency is 15-25 kHz, the power is 300-500 W, and the volume ratio of the ultra-fine powder solution to the chitosan solution is 2-4:1.

[0015] Preferably, during the cultivation process, 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the water used for cultivation is replaced every month, and a filter screen with a pore size of 0.2-0.5 mm is used for filtering during water replacement to prevent the loss of spores or larvae of macroalgae.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: This invention's polyculture method utilizes a composite probiotic membrane, porous artificial reefs, and multi-trophic-level organisms—including macroalgae, filter-feeding shellfish, omnivorous fish, and the spotted whelk—to construct a closed loop of material degradation, nutrient conversion, and environmental optimization. This achieves a tiered nutrient cycle, significantly reducing concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, improving water transparency, and solving the water quality deterioration problem inherent in traditional aquaculture. By employing complementary ecological niches among multiple species, tilapia remove uneaten feed and weak or diseased individuals, while macroalgae and shellfish purify the water. Combined with specialized feed, this method significantly improves the survival rate and growth of the spotted whelk, while simultaneously increasing the biomass of other organisms such as *Gnaphalium affine*, resulting in enhanced overall benefits. Furthermore, slow-release formulations of traditional Chinese medicine extracts are used for disease prevention, leaving no drug residues. Ecological regulation further reduces the use of chemical drugs. Regular water changes and filtration maintain system stability, balancing aquaculture safety with environmental protection, and meeting the requirements of sustainable development. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To better understand the technical content of this invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the invention.

[0018] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of this invention are all conventional methods.

[0019] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.

[0020] The bacterial strains used in the composite probiotic film of this invention can all be obtained from well-known microbial culture collection centers both domestically and internationally. Specifically: The swamp erythrombosporum ( Rhodopseudomonas palustris Purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), accession number CCTCC KB 20081226; The Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis Purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), accession number CCTCC AB 130001; The plant lactobacillus ( Lactobacillus plantarum Purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), accession number CCTCC DB 20081528.

[0021] Example 1 S1. Constructing a composite ecological base: S1a. Select a semi-enclosed aquaculture area (1000m²) with a salinity of 32‰ and a water temperature of 28℃. 2 The entire pond was cleaned and disinfected using a mixture of quicklime and bleaching powder, with the quicklime concentration being 30 g / m³. 3 The concentration of bleaching powder is 8 g / m³. 3 ; S1b, after dredging and disinfecting, lay 5-8cm thick fine sand on the bottom of the water area and put in porous artificial reefs, the setting density of the artificial reefs is 5 per 100 square meters of water area, and the volume of each artificial reef is 1m 3 ; S1c, the surface of the artificial reef is pre-solidified to form a composite probiotic film; mix the mixed bacteria solution of 3:2:1 weight ratio of marsh Rhodopseudomonas, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum with the nutrient solution according to the volume ratio of 1:20, immerse the artificial reefs, and solidify the film under the conditions of temperature 30℃, light intensity 5000Lux, daily light time 15 hours for 10 days, maintain micro-aeration during the culture process, and maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration at 4mg / L, until the thickness of the film reaches 0.3mm, and the viable count is ≥1.0×10 9 CFU / mL; The nutrient solution contains yeast extract powder 1.0%, glucose 1.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and the rest is sterilized seawater.

[0022] S2, construct multiple nutrition levels: S2a, first put the Gracilaria licheniformis soaked in 0.3%(w / v) potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, the amount of Gracilaria licheniformis is 8kg / m 3 ; S2b, 8 days later, when Gracilaria licheniformis starts to grow and absorb nutrients, put oysters, the amount of oysters is 5kg / m 3 ; use net cages to load (mesh 1-2cm), load 15kg in each net cage, and hang in the upper layer of the water area, 1m away from the water surface; S2c, after another 6 days, put tilapia with a body length of 8cm, the amount of tilapia is 2kg / m 3 ; S2d, finally put the Trochus niloticus seedlings with a shell length of 2cm, the amount of Trochus niloticus seedlings is 1kg / m 3 .

[0023] S3, synergistic management of ecological balance: S3a, water quality monitoring: daily monitoring of water temperature 28℃, salinity 32‰, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L, pH value 8.5, maintaining dissolved oxygen by impeller type oxygenator; S3b, feed feeding: feed special feed, formula is fish meal 30 parts, soybean meal 20 parts, algal powder 15 parts, compound vitamin 8 parts, mineral 5 parts, bran 47 parts; make 3mm particles, feed in the morning and evening, 40% at 9am and 60% at 18pm, the feeding amount is 5% of the total weight of Trochus niloticus and tilapia.

[0024] S3c, Disease control: Regularly use Chinese herbal medicine extract, the preparation method is: take Huanglian 10 parts, Huangbai 8 parts, Huangqin 8 parts, Jinyinhua 5 parts, Banlangen 5 parts, nano crushing to particle size ≤25 μm, add 5 times water, mix with 1% (w / v) chitosan solution according to volume ratio 4:1, ultrasonic assisted dissolution under the condition of 50℃, 25kHz, 500W, after concentration, freeze-drying to prepare sustained-release preparation, spraying concentration 1.5g / m 3 , once a month.

[0025] S3d, Water management: replace 1 / 2 of the water for breeding every month, and filter with a 0.5mm filter screen when replacing the water.

[0026] Example 2 S1, Construct a complex ecological base: S1a, select a semi-closed breeding water area with a salinity of 25‰ and a water temperature of 22℃ (area 1000m 2 ), use a mixture of quicklime and bleaching powder to clean and disinfect the whole pool, the concentration of quicklime is 20g / m 3 , and the concentration of bleaching powder is 5g / m 3 ; S1b, after cleaning and disinfecting, lay a 5cm thick layer of fine sand on the bottom of the water area and place porous artificial reefs, the setting density of the artificial reefs is 3 per 100 square meters of water area, and the volume of each artificial reef is 0.5m 3 ; S1c, the surface of the artificial reef is pre-solidified to form a complex probiotic film; mix the mixed bacteria solution of 2:1:1 weight ratio of marsh Rhodopseudomonas, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum with the nutrient solution according to the volume ratio of 1:10, pour into the pool, submerge the artificial reef, and solidify the film under the conditions of temperature 25℃, light intensity 2000Lux, daily light time 12 hours, and film solidification culture time 7 days, maintain micro-aeration during the culture process to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration at 2mg / L, until the film thickness reaches 0.1mm, and the bacterial viable count is ≥1.0×10 9 CFU / mL, The nutrient solution contains yeast extract powder 1.0%, glucose 1.0%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and the rest is sterilized seawater.

[0027] S2, Construct multiple nutrition levels: S2a, first, place Gracilaria that has been soaked in a 0.1% (w / v) potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes, at a dosage of 5kg / m 3 ; S2b, 8 days later, when Gracilaria starts to grow and absorb nutrients, place oysters, at a dosage of 3kg / m 3 ; use net cages to load (mesh 1-2cm), load 10kg per net cage, and hang in the upper layer of the water area, 0.5m from the water surface; S2c, after another 6 days, release tilapia with a body length of 5 cm, the release amount is 1 kg / m 3 ; S2d, finally release Babylonia areolata with a shell length of 1 cm, the release amount is 0.5 kg / m 3 .

[0028] S3, synergistic management of ecological balance: S3a, water quality monitoring: daily monitoring of water temperature 22℃, salinity 25‰, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L, pH value 7.8, maintaining dissolved oxygen by impeller type oxygenator; S3b, feed feeding: feeding special feed, formula is fish meal 20 parts, soybean meal 15 parts, algal powder 10 parts, compound vitamin 5 parts, mineral 3 parts, bran 22 parts; made into 1mm granules, daily feeding in the morning and evening, 8 o'clock in the morning, 40% is thrown, 17 o'clock in the afternoon, 60% is thrown, the feeding amount is 3% of the total weight of Babylonia areolata and tilapia.

[0029] S3c, disease control: regular use of Chinese herbal medicine extract, preparation method: take Coptis 5 parts, Phellodendron 5 parts, Scutellaria 5 parts, honeysuckle 3 parts, Radix Isatidis 3 parts, nano grinding to particle size ≤25μm, add 3 times water, mix with 0.1% (w / v) chitosan solution according to volume ratio 2:1, under the condition of 30℃, 15kHz, 300W, ultrasonic assisted dissolution, after concentration, freeze-drying to prepare sustained-release preparation, spraying concentration 0.8g / m 3 , once a month.

[0030] S3d, water change management: replace 1 / 3 of the water for cultivation every month, filter with 0.2mm filter screen when changing water.

[0031] Example 3 S1, construct a complex ecological base: S1a, select a semi-closed aquaculture water area (area 1000m²) with salinity 28‰ and water temperature 25℃, use the mixed solution of quicklime and bleaching powder to clean and disinfect the whole pool, wherein the concentration of quicklime is 25g / m³ and the concentration of bleaching powder is 6g / m³; S1b, after cleaning and disinfecting, lay 6cm thick fine sand on the bottom of the water area and release porous artificial reefs, the setting density of artificial reefs is 4 per 100 square meters of water area, and the volume of each artificial reef is 0.8m 3 ; S1c, the surface of the artificial reef is pre-solidified to form a complex probiotic film; a mixed bacteria solution of 2.5:1.5:1 by weight of Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum and a nutrient solution are poured into the pool at a volume ratio of 1:15 to submerge the artificial reef, the bacteria film is solidified and cultured for 9 days at a temperature of 28°C, an illumination intensity of 4000 Lux and an illumination time of 12 hours per day, micro-aeration is maintained during the culture process to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration at 3 mg / L, until the thickness of the bacteria film reaches 0.2 mm and the viable count is ≥1.0×10 9 CFU / mL, The nutrient solution comprises 1.0% yeast extract powder, 1.0% glucose and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the rest is sterilized seawater.

[0032] S2, constructing multiple nutrition levels: S2a, first, put in 6 kg / m³ of Gracilaria lichenformis soaked in a 0.2% (w / v) potassium permanganate solution for 8 minutes; S2b, 8 days later, when the Gracilaria lichenformis starts to grow and absorb nutrients, put in 4 kg / m 3 of oysters, loaded with net cages (mesh size 1.5 cm), 12 kg per cage, hung in the upper layer of the water area, 0.8 m from the water surface; S2c, after another 6 days, put in 1.5 kg / m 3 of 6 cm long tilapia; S2d, finally, put in 0.8 kg / m 3 of 1.5 cm long Rapana venosa fry.

[0033] S3, synergistic management of ecological balance: S3a, water quality monitoring: daily monitoring of water temperature 25°C, salinity 28‰, dissolved oxygen ≥5 mg / L, pH 8.2, maintaining dissolved oxygen by a propeller type oxygenator; S3b, feed feeding: feeding with special feed, formula: 25 parts of fish meal, 18 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of algal powder, 6 parts of compound vitamin, 4 parts of mineral, 35 parts of bran; made into 2 mm particles, fed in the morning and evening, 40% at 8:30 am and 60% at 17:30 pm, the feeding amount is 4% of the total weight of the Rapana venosa and the tilapia.

[0034] S3c, disease control: regularly use Chinese herbal medicine extract, preparation method: take 8 parts of Coptis, 6 parts of Phellodendron, 6 parts of Scutellaria, 4 parts of Honeysuckle, 4 parts of Radix Isatidis, nano-crushed to a particle size ≤25 μm, mixed with 4 times water, mixed with 0.5% (w / v) chitosan solution at a volume ratio of 3:1, dissolved under the condition of 40°C, 20 kHz, 400 W ultrasonic wave assisted, concentrated and freeze-dried to prepare a slow-release preparation, the spraying concentration is 1.0 g / m3 once a month.

[0035] Test results After a 12-month culture cycle, the test indicators were as follows:

[0036] Survival rate of Babylonia areolata (% ) = (number of survivors at the end / initial number of releases) x 100% The following comparative culture was also set up for determination Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the surface of the artificial fish reef is not solidified with a composite bacterial film, but only a blank porous concrete fish reef after disinfection. Other steps are exactly the same as Example 3 group.

[0037] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that no artificial fish reef is put in, the composite bacterial liquid is directly sprayed into the water body, and an equal amount of Gracilaria is put in. Other steps are exactly the same as Example 3 group.

[0038] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that no large algae is put in, and other steps are exactly the same as Example 3 group.

[0039] The above Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested for indicators The concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrite (NO2 - -N) and nitrate (NO3 - -N) in the culture water was determined according to GB 17378.4-2007: Ammonia nitrogen: indigo blue spectrophotometry Nitrite: diazo-azo spectrophotometry Nitrate: cadmium column reduction method The transparency of the water body was measured by the Sechi disc method, and the determination should be carried out in the morning from 9 to 11 o'clock on sunny days, avoiding direct sunlight on the water surface (backlight operation is required), and preventing the reflection of the water surface from affecting the judgment.

[0040] Gracilaria biomass growth rate (%) = [(final biomass - initial biomass) / initial biomass] x 100%.

[0041] Test results:

[0042] The data comparison of Example 3 and the three groups of comparative examples shows that the synergistic effect of composite bacterial film-artificial fish reef-large algae is the core of maintaining the stability of the culture system and improving the efficiency of Babylonia areolata culture. The three are synergistically regulated by the nutrient salt cycle, so that the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate concentrations of Example 3 are significantly lower than those of the comparative examples missing any element, highlighting their irreplaceability in nitrogen cascade conversion; through water purification and niche optimization, the water transparency of Example 3 reaches 85 cm, much higher than that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, and the physical support role of the fish reef is crucial; in terms of breeding benefits, the biomass growth rate of Gracilaria lemaneiformis and the survival rate of Babylonia are significantly better than those of each comparative example. Therefore, the precise coupling of the three forms a material degradation-nutrient transformation-environment optimization closed loop, producing a better synergistic effect, effectively solving the problems of nutrient salt accumulation and water quality deterioration in traditional aquaculture.

[0043] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that in the S2 step, no tilapia is introduced, only Gracilaria lemaneiformis is cultured, and the other steps are exactly the same as Example 3.

[0044] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that an equal amount of crucian carp with a body length of 5-8 cm is used instead of tilapia, and the rest of the conditions are consistent with Example 3.

[0045] Comparative Example 6 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that an equal amount of sea bass with a body length of 5-8 cm is used instead of tilapia, and the rest of the conditions are consistent with Example 3.

[0046] Test the results of the above Example 3 and Comparative Examples 4-6 Residual feed removal rate: 24 hours after feeding, the proportion of residual feed removed by omnivorous fish and Babylonia in the initial residual feed in the culture system, reflecting the efficiency of biological utilization of residual feed.

[0047] Babylonia disease rate: within 12 months of the culture period, the proportion of sick Babylonia individuals to the total number of individuals, reflecting the severity of disease occurrence.

[0048]

[0049] According to the test results of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 4-6, the specific synergistic effect of tilapia and Babylonia ferunzaci is the key to improving the stability and breeding benefits of the culture system, and the data of Example 3 show that tilapia as a "cleaner" efficiently utilizes residual feed and effectively controls the spread of disease from the source by feeding sick individuals, significantly improving the health and survival rate of the main species.

[0050] Comparative Example 4 has the worst performance in all indicators, especially the residual feed removal rate and the survival rate of Babylonia, which have deteriorated sharply, fully demonstrating the necessity of introducing omnivorous fish to maintain system material circulation and biological control.

[0051] Although Comparative Example 5 was improved compared to the complete absence of fish group, its residual bait removal rate and disease control effect were far inferior to Example 3. This shows that crucian carp, due to its benthic and mild diet, cannot effectively replace tilapia to perform the core function of active patrol, removing sick snails and residual bait.

[0052] Although the residual bait removal rate of Comparative Example 6, which used grouper as a carnivorous fish, was high, and the disease rate was low, the final survival rate of the east wind snail was abnormally low. This just proves that as a fierce carnivorous fish, grouper, while removing residual bait and sick snails, interferes with the habitat of east wind snails and may indiscriminately attack and prey on healthy east wind snails, all of which cannot achieve the synergistic control effect of tilapia and east wind snails.

[0053] The synergy of tilapia and east wind snails is not simply mixed species culture, but through the multi-dimensional interaction of residual bait removal-water quality optimization-disease suppression-ecological chain activation to achieve synergistic effect. Tilapia, as an ecological scavenger, cannot be replaced by other fish such as crucian carp and grouper, while east wind snails exhibit higher survival and growth performance in the stable environment created by tilapia. The specific synergy of the two solves the problem of heavy residual bait pollution and frequent disease outbreaks in single east wind snail culture, while improving the material circulation efficiency of the entire ecological system.

[0054] Comparative Example 7 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that no Chinese herbal medicine extract is used, and no chemical drugs are used for disease control throughout the entire cultivation period.

[0055] Comparative Example 8 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that in the disease control link of ecological balance synergistic management (S3), 2g / m 3 Chlorine dioxide replaces Chinese herbal medicine preparation, and the rest of the conditions are the same.

[0056] Comparative Example 9 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that only fine sand is laid in the cultivation pond, only one species of east wind snail is high-density released, and the same amount of Chinese herbal medicine preparation as Example 3 is sprayed alone, and the rest of the management is consistent. (1) East wind snail muscle drug residues were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, referring to GB31656.13-2022 National Food Safety Standard Determination of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, Florfenicol and Florfenicol Residues in Aquatic Products by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2) The total number of vibrio was determined by plate counting method, referring to SC / T7213-2023 Aquatic Animal Pathogenic Microorganism Detection Procedure Vibrio.

[0057]

[0058] In combination with the test results of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 7-9, it can be determined that the synergistic effect of the "Chinese herbal medicine-ecosystem" is the core mechanism to improve the breeding benefit and ecological stability. In Example 3, the combination of the complete ecological system (bacterial film-fish reef-algae-tilapia) and the Chinese herbal medicine preparation makes the abalone disease rate only 1.0%, and the total number of vibrio is as low as 85 CFU / mL, which is significantly better than each of the comparative examples.

[0059] Compared with Comparative Example 7, it is shown that it is necessary to introduce Chinese herbal medicine for disease control in the multi-nutrient level ecological breeding system constructed in the present application. Comparative Example 8 shows obvious drug residues, indicating that the Chinese herbal medicine slow-release preparation has high safety, avoiding the risk of chemical disinfectant residues. Although the disease rate of Comparative Example 9 is low, the survival rate is far lower than that of Example 3, indicating that the effect of Chinese herbal medicine is limited in a single breeding mode.

[0060] It is shown that the Chinese herbal medicine of the present application is synergistic with bacterial film, algae, and shellfish, etc., achieving better overall effect. This proves that the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine is highly dependent on the stable water quality and biodiversity provided by the ecological system, producing a significant synergistic effect.

[0061] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture of the spotted snail, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Constructing a composite ecological substrate: fine sand is laid at the bottom of the aquaculture water area and porous artificial reefs are placed. The surface of the artificial reefs is pre-cured to form a composite probiotic film composed of photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria. S2. Constructing a multitrophic hierarchy: Inoculate with large algae in sequence, then introduce filter-feeding shellfish, then introduce omnivorous fish, and finally introduce spotted snails. S3. Collaborative management of ecological balance: Daily monitoring of water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH value; feeding with specialized feed; and using herbal extracts for disease prevention and control.

2. The multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for *Bellamya squarrosa* as described in claim 1, characterized in that... In step S1, a semi-enclosed aquaculture area with a salinity of 25-32‰ and a water temperature of 22-28℃ is selected. After dredging and disinfection, a layer of fine sand with a thickness of 5-8cm is laid at the bottom of the water area. The dredging and disinfection uses a mixture of quicklime and bleaching powder, wherein the concentration of quicklime is 20-30g / m³. 3 The concentration of bleaching powder is 5-8 g / m³. 3 The artificial reefs are made of porous concrete, and are placed at a density of 3-5 reefs per 100 square meters of water, with each reef having a volume of 0.5-1 m³. 3 .

3. The multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for *Bellamya squarrosa* as described in claim 1, characterized in that... In step S1, the composite probiotic film is prepared by pouring a mixed bacterial solution and nutrient solution into a pool at a volume ratio of 1:10-20, submerging the artificial reef. The film is then cultured for 7-10 days at a temperature of 25-30℃, a light intensity of 2000-5000 Lux, and a daily light exposure of at least 12 hours. During the culture process, micro-aeration is maintained to keep the dissolved oxygen concentration at 2-4 mg / L, until the film thickness reaches 0.1-0.3 mm and the bacterial count is ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 The CFU / mL mixed bacterial solution consists of photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria in a weight ratio of (2-3):(1-2):

1.

4. The multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for *Bellamya squarrosa* as described in claim 1, characterized in that... In step S2, the construction sequence is as follows: S2a. First, introduce large algae at a rate of 5-8 kg / m³. 3 The large algae mentioned are selected from sea lettuce, rock sea lettuce, or wakame seaweed; S2b, 7-10 days later, when the large algae begin to grow and absorb nutrients, introduce filter-feeding shellfish at a rate of 3-5 kg / m³. 3 The filter-feeding shellfish are suspended in the upper layer of the water using net cages, and the filter-feeding shellfish are selected from oysters, clams, scallops or mussels; S2c, after another 5-7 days, introduce omnivorous fish at a rate of 1-2 kg / m³. 3 The omnivorous fish mentioned is tilapia with a body length of 5-8cm; S2d, finally release seedlings of the Spotted East Wind Snail with a shell length of 1-2cm, at a rate of 0.5-1kg / m³. 3 .

5. The multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for *Bellamya squarrosa* as described in claim 5, characterized in that... Before being released, the large algae are disinfected by soaking in a 0.1-0.3% (w / v) potassium permanganate solution for 5-10 minutes.

6. The multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for *Bellamya squarrosa* as described in claim 5, characterized in that... The filter-feeding shellfish are loaded into net cages with a mesh size of 1-2 cm. Each net cage contains 10-15 kg of oysters and is suspended in the water at a depth of 0.5-1 m from the water surface.

7. The multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for *Bellamya squarrosa* as described in claim 1, characterized in that... In step S3, the special feed includes the following ingredients by weight: 20-30 parts fish meal, 15-20 parts soybean meal, 10-15 parts algae powder, 5-8 parts compound vitamins, 3-5 parts minerals, and 22-47 parts wheat bran; the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the spotted snail and omnivorous fish.

8. The multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for *Bellamya squarrosa* as described in claim 1, characterized in that... In step S3, the herbal extract is prepared from 5-10 parts of Coptis chinensis, 5-8 parts of Phellodendron chinense, 5-8 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, 3-5 parts of Lonicera japonica, and 3-5 parts of Isatis indigotica. The extract is nano-pulverized to obtain an ultrafine powder with a particle size ≤25μm. 3-5 times its weight of water is added, and the powder is dissolved in a 0.1-1% (w / v) chitosan solution with ultrasonic assistance. The solution is then concentrated and freeze-dried to form a sustained-release formulation. The concentration for spraying is adjusted to 0.8-1.5 g / m³. 3 .

9. The multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for *Bellamya squarrosa* as described in claim 8, characterized in that... The ultrasonic temperature is 30-50℃, the frequency is 15-25kHz, and the power is 300-500W. The volume ratio of the ultrafine powder solution to the chitosan solution is 2-4:

1.

10. The multi-trophic-level ecological polyculture method for *Bellamya squarrosa* as described in claim 1, characterized in that... During the breeding process, 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the breeding water should be replaced every month. When changing the water, a filter screen with a pore size of 0.2-0.5mm should be used.

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