Artificial fish reef and preparation method of artificial fish reef based on retired fan blades

Abstract

The invention provides an artificial fish reef and a preparation method of the artificial fish reef based on retired fan blades, and relates to the technical field of marine ecological restoration engineering.The artificial fish reef comprises a fish reef base and at least one fish reef framework, the fish reef base is of a pore structure, and the fish reef framework comprises a plurality of framework assemblies; the framework assembly comprises a fish reef plate and a telescopic structure arranged on the fish reef plate. A plurality of hollow structures are formed in the fish reef plate, and the fish reef plate of one framework assembly is connected to the fish reef base; the telescopic structures in every two adjacent framework assemblies are connected with each other, and every two adjacent fish reef plates can move relatively so that the length of the fish reef framework can be adjusted. By combining the length-adjustable fish reef framework and the fish reef base with the pore structure, dynamic adjustment of the fish reef structure is achieved so as to adapt to different marine environment requirements, attachment and inhabitation of marine organisms are facilitated, meanwhile, the overall service life of the artificial fish reef can be prolonged, environmental compatibility can be improved, and green ocean engineering construction is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of marine ecological restoration engineering technology, and more specifically, it relates to an artificial reef and a method for preparing an artificial reef based on decommissioned wind turbine blades. Background Technology

[0002] Artificial reefs are ecological structures used in marine ecosystem restoration to improve and restore marine ecosystems. Currently, most artificial reefs are constructed using porous natural stone or silicate cement. These artificial reefs have a fixed structure, making them unsuitable for changes in marine biological communities, and suffer from poor adaptability and short lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an artificial reef and a method for preparing an artificial reef based on decommissioned wind turbine blades, so as to solve the defect of poor applicability of artificial reefs in the prior art due to their fixed structure.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides an artificial reef, comprising:

[0005] The reef base has a porous structure;

[0006] At least one artificial reef skeleton, the artificial reef skeleton comprising a plurality of skeleton components arranged along a first direction, each skeleton component comprising an artificial reef plate and a telescopic structure disposed on the artificial reef plate; the artificial reef plate having a plurality of hollow structures, wherein the artificial reef plate of one skeleton component is connected to the artificial reef base; the telescopic structures in two adjacent skeleton components are interconnected, and the two adjacent artificial reef plates are able to move relative to each other along the first direction to adjust the length of the artificial reef skeleton in the first direction.

[0007] In some embodiments, the telescopic structure includes at least one set of telescopic arms, the telescopic arms comprising:

[0008] A support shaft is connected to the corresponding reef plate;

[0009] The first connecting rod has a first extension end and a second extension end, and the middle part of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to the support shaft;

[0010] The second connecting rod has a third extension end and a fourth extension end, and the middle part of the second connecting rod is rotatably connected to the support shaft; the first extension end and the third extension end are at the same height and arranged along the first direction, and the second extension end and the fourth extension end are at the same height and arranged along the first direction.

[0011] The first extension end is hinged to the third extension end of the adjacent second connecting rod, and the second extension end is hinged to the fourth extension end of another adjacent second connecting rod.

[0012] In some embodiments, the reef frame further includes at least one support arm disposed between two adjacent reef plates, the support arm comprising:

[0013] A first support rod is connected to one of the fish reef plates. The first support rod is provided with a plurality of first connecting structures, which are arranged at intervals along the first direction.

[0014] The second support rod is connected to another reef plate. The second support rod is provided with multiple second connection structures, which are arranged at intervals along the second direction.

[0015] The first connecting structure can be connected to any one of the second connecting structures to restrict the relative movement of the first support rod and the second support rod in the first direction.

[0016] In some embodiments, the first support rod has a first connecting surface, the second support rod has a second connecting surface, and the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface face each other.

[0017] The first connecting structure is a connecting block protruding from the first connecting surface, and the second connecting structure is a connecting groove disposed on the second connecting surface, wherein the connecting block can be embedded in the connecting groove.

[0018] In some embodiments, in the two contact surfaces where the first support rod and the second support rod contact each other, one of the contact surfaces is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves extending along the first direction, and the other contact surface is provided with a plurality of positioning blocks extending along the first direction. Each positioning block is embedded in the corresponding positioning groove to limit the relative displacement of the first support rod and the second support rod in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0019] In some embodiments, the support arm further includes a limiting sleeve, which is slidably sleeved on the first support rod and / or the second support rod, and has a locked position and an unlocked position;

[0020] When the limiting cylinder is in the locked position, the connected portions of the first support rod and the second support rod are housed together inside the limiting cylinder; when the limiting cylinder is in the unlocked position, the connected portions of the first support rod and the second support rod are located outside the limiting cylinder.

[0021] In some embodiments, the reef base includes:

[0022] The first base has a connecting hole, and the inner side of the connecting hole has a plurality of first limiting surfaces;

[0023] The second seat has a plurality of second limiting surfaces on its periphery and can be fitted into the connecting hole. Each of the first limiting surfaces can abut against any of the second limiting surfaces to restrict the relative rotation of the first seat and the second seat.

[0024] The reef skeleton is of two types, with one reef skeleton disposed on the first base and the other reef skeleton disposed on the second base.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first seat and / or the second seat are provided with lifting rings.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first base and / or the second base is a concrete block, and the concrete block is poured with the following mix proportions: 40-60 parts clinker, 30-50 parts washed sand tailings, 12-18 parts shell powder, 3-6 parts gypsum, and 0.2-0.4 parts polycarboxylate superplasticizer.

[0027] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing an artificial reef based on decommissioned wind turbine blades, wherein the artificial reef is the artificial reef described in the first aspect and any optional embodiments thereof, and the preparation method includes:

[0028] Based on the structure of the artificial reef skeleton, determine the first structural parameters of each artificial reef plate and the second structural parameters of each telescopic structure.

[0029] Based on the first structural parameters and the second structural parameters, cut parameters are determined on at least one decommissioned wind turbine blade;

[0030] According to the cutting parameters, at least one of the retired wind turbine blades is cut to form multiple artificial reef plates and multiple telescopic structures, and the multiple artificial reef plates and multiple telescopic structures are spliced ​​together to form the artificial reef skeleton;

[0031] A concrete block with a corresponding shape is poured. During the pouring process, at least one portion of the reef plate from each of the reef skeletons is poured into the concrete block, and the concrete block solidifies to form the reef base.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the artificial reef and the method for preparing artificial reefs based on decommissioned wind turbine blades provided in this application are as follows: Compared with the prior art, by setting an adjustable length artificial reef skeleton on the reef base, the distance between two adjacent reef plates can be changed when the length of the reef skeleton is adjusted, thereby changing the gap width between the two reef plates. This allows the artificial reef to be flexibly adjusted according to different marine environments and usage requirements, thereby improving the applicability and ecological restoration effect of the artificial reef.

[0033] Furthermore, the artificial reef base provided in this application is constructed by pouring concrete mixed with washed sand tailings, which can recycle and utilize a large amount of washed sand tailings generated during the construction of urban infrastructure, thus realizing the effective utilization of waste resources and reducing environmental pollution.

[0034] Furthermore, the artificial reef skeleton in this application can be constructed by cutting retired wind turbine blades. Since retired wind turbine blades themselves have high strength and good corrosion resistance, the artificial reefs prepared have high structural strength and long service life, realizing the reuse of waste and reducing the preparation cost. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the artificial reef structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the artificial reef skeleton in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a partial exploded view of the artificial reef skeleton in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting cylinder of the support arm in the locked position in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting cylinder of the support arm in the unlocked position in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the limiting cylinder of the support arm in the unlocked position in the embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 7This is another structural schematic diagram of the support arm's limiting cylinder in the unlocked position in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the artificial reef base in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an artificial reef in another embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an artificial reef in another embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the method for preparing artificial reefs in the embodiments of this application.

[0047] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0048] 100-Fish reef base; 1001-Lifting ring; 110-First seat; 111-Connecting hole; 1101-First limiting surface; 120-Second seat; 1201-Second limiting surface; 200-Fish reef skeleton; 210-Fish reef plate; 2101-Hollowed structure; 220-Telescopic arm; 221-Support shaft; 222-First connecting rod; 222a-First extension end; 222b-Second extension end; 223-Second connecting rod; 223a-Third extension end; 223b-Fourth extension end; 230-Support arm; 231-First support rod; 2311-Connecting groove; 232-Second support rod; 2321-Connecting block; 233-Limiting cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0050] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0051] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0052] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 This application provides an artificial reef, including a reef base 100 and a reef skeleton 200. The reef base 100 has a porous structure to accommodate marine organisms and provide space for attachment and reproduction. The reef skeleton 200 includes multiple skeleton components arranged along a first direction. Each skeleton component includes a reef plate 210 and a telescopic structure disposed on the reef plate 210. The reef plate 210 has multiple perforated structures 2101, which increase the exchange area between the reef plate 210 and the surrounding water, promote water flow, and provide a better living environment for marine organisms. The reef plate 210 of one skeleton component is connected to the reef base 100. The telescopic structures in adjacent skeleton components are interconnected, allowing adjacent reef plates 210 to move relative to each other along the first direction, thereby adjusting the length of the reef skeleton 200 in the first direction. This design allows the artificial reef to be flexibly adjusted according to different marine environments and usage requirements, improving the applicability and ecological restoration effect of the artificial reef.

[0054] Specifically, the artificial reef base 100 can be a block structure made of cast concrete or using other processes, used to stably place it on the seabed and provide support for the entire artificial reef. The material of the artificial reef base 100 can include a certain proportion of urban waste, such as construction waste or tailings from sand washing, which can effectively utilize resources and reduce environmental pollution. The shape and size of the artificial reef base 100 can be set according to actual needs to adapt to different marine environments and ecological restoration requirements.

[0055] The porous structure refers to the through-cavity formed inside the base, which facilitates honeycomb-like holes, coral-like pores, or through-hole structures 2101. The porous structure can be formed during the fabrication of the artificial reef base 100 through methods such as pre-reserved molds or subsequent drilling. The shape, size, and distribution density of the porous structure can be rationally designed according to the growth habits of marine organisms and the needs of ecological restoration, thereby increasing the biological attachment area and ecological restoration effect of the artificial reef base 100. The porous structure not only provides habitat and reproduction space for marine organisms but also helps increase the exchange area between the artificial reef and the surrounding water, promoting water flow and improving the stability and biodiversity of the ecosystem.

[0056] The artificial reef skeleton 200 is the main structure of the artificial reef. There can be one or more artificial reef skeletons 200, which together with the artificial reef base 100 form an artificial reef with a certain strength and stability.

[0057] The artificial reef plate 210 can be a flat plate structure of any shape. The artificial reef plate 210 can be vertical, and multiple artificial reef plates 210 can be arranged at intervals along a horizontal direction. That is, the first direction can be horizontal. The artificial reef plate 210 can be made from fiberglass sheets cut from retired wind turbine blades. Retired wind turbine blades refer to blades retired from wind turbine generators, which have characteristics such as high strength, corrosion resistance, and lightweight. Using retired wind turbine blades as the material for the artificial reef plate 210 not only achieves waste recycling and reduces manufacturing costs, but also produces an artificial reef plate 210 with high structural strength and a long service life. Furthermore, the fine cracks that develop on the surface of retired wind turbine blades during operation can also enhance the bio-attachment ability of the artificial reef plate 210.

[0058] The perforated structure 2101 on the reef plate 210 can have through holes of different shapes and sizes, such as circular, square, and elliptical. The size and distribution density of the perforated structure 2101 can be rationally designed according to actual needs to increase the exchange area between the reef plate 210 and the surrounding water. Alternatively, the reef plate 210 can be designed as an inverted U-shaped structure to form a larger perforated structure 2101 on its inner side, providing installation space for the telescopic structure.

[0059] A telescopic structure is a connecting mechanism capable of changing its own length, such as a multi-link hinge mechanism or a telescopic sleeve mechanism. The telescopic structure connects two adjacent artificial reef plates 210, allowing the two adjacent artificial reef plates 210 to move relative to each other, thereby adjusting the length of the artificial reef frame 200. By adjusting the length of the artificial reef frame 200, the spacing between two adjacent artificial reef plates 210 can be changed to adapt to different marine environments and usage requirements, further improving the flexibility and ecological restoration effect of the artificial reef.

[0060] Through the above technical solutions, this application achieves stable deployment of artificial reefs in complex seabed environments, creating diverse habitats for organisms by adjusting the spacing of the skeletal components. The perforated structure 2101 of the reef plate 210 promotes water exchange and nutrient transport, and the reuse of decommissioned turbine blades effectively reduces solid waste treatment costs. The adjustable characteristics of the telescopic structure allow a single artificial reef to adapt to different water depths and seabed conditions, significantly improving resource utilization efficiency.

[0061] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the telescopic structure may include a telescopic arm 220, which includes a support shaft 221, a first connecting rod 222, and a second connecting rod 223. Support shaft 221 is connected to the corresponding reef plate 210; first connecting rod 222 has a first extension end 222a and a second extension end 222b, and the middle part of the first connecting rod 222 is rotatably connected to support shaft 221; second connecting rod 223 has a third extension end 223a and a fourth extension end 223b, and the middle part of the second connecting rod 223 is rotatably connected to support shaft 221; the first extension end 222a and the third extension end 223a are at the same height and arranged along a first direction, the second extension end 222b and the fourth extension end 223b are at the same height and arranged along a first direction; the first extension end 222a is hinged to the third extension end 223a of the adjacent second connecting rod 223 through a hinge shaft, and the second extension end 222b is hinged to the fourth extension end 223b of another adjacent second connecting rod 223 through another hinge shaft.

[0062] The support shaft 221 is a shaft component mounted on the reef plate 210. The support shaft 221 can be fixed to the side of the reef plate 210 or inside the hollow structure 2101, providing a fulcrum for rotation of the first connecting rod 222 and the second connecting rod 223. Both the first connecting rod 222 and the second connecting rod 223 are rod-shaped components. The first extension end 222a and the second extension end 222b are the two ends of the first connecting rod 222 in its own extension direction, and the third extension end 223a and the fourth extension end 223b are the two ends of the second connecting rod 223 in its own extension direction.

[0063] Both the first connecting rod 222 and the second connecting rod 223 can have recessed holes in their middle portions to allow them to be rotatably fitted onto the support shaft 221. Both the first connecting rod 222 and the second connecting rod 223 can have a certain angle of inclination relative to the horizontal plane, and the inclination directions of the first connecting rod 222 and the second connecting rod 223 are opposite. The first extension end 222a and the third extension end 223a can be at the same height and spaced apart in the first direction, and the second extension end 222b and the third extension end 223a can be at the same height and spaced apart in the first direction, so that the first connecting rod 222 and the second connecting rod 223 together form a fork-shaped connecting rod structure.

[0064] Each telescopic arm 220 can simultaneously be equipped with multiple first connecting rods 222 and multiple second supporting rods 232. For example, a set of first connecting rods 222 and a set of second connecting rods 223 can be connected to both ends of the supporting shaft 221 to improve the overall structural strength of the telescopic structure and to create more porous structures inside the telescopic structure, facilitating fish habitat and movement. Furthermore, each skeleton assembly can contain one or more telescopic arms 220. For example, each skeleton assembly can have two sets of telescopic arms 220, located at the top and bottom of the reef plate 210 respectively, to further improve the structural strength of the telescopic structure and make it more suitable for underwater environments.

[0065] In two adjacent skeleton components, the first extension end 222a of the first connecting rod 222 is connected to the third extension end 223a of the second connecting rod 223 via a hinge shaft, and the second extension end 222b of the first connecting rod 222 is connected to the fourth extension end 223b of the second connecting rod 223 via a hinge shaft. When adjusting the length of the reef skeleton 200, one or more reef plates 210 can be pulled to rotate the first connecting rod 222 and the second connecting rod 223 of the telescopic structure in each reef plate 210 around the support shaft 221. This causes the first extension end 222a and the third extension end 223a, and the second extension end 222b and the fourth extension end 223b, respectively, to expand or contract along the first direction under the constraint of the hinge shaft. This allows multiple reef plates 210 to move synchronously, achieving the purpose of adjusting the distance between two adjacent reef plates 210, and thus realizing the length extension and contraction of the reef skeleton 200. Furthermore, since the pivot point of the connecting rod is located in the middle, the telescopic arm 220 forms a parallelogram mechanism when it is extended, ensuring that the reef plate 210 maintains a horizontal posture during movement.

[0066] In some embodiments, the artificial reef frame 200 may further include a support arm 230, which is connected between two adjacent artificial reef plates 210 to fix the distance between the two adjacent artificial reef plates 210, thereby fixing the length of the entire artificial reef frame 200 and preventing the artificial reef frame 200 from moving on its own underwater due to the force of the water flow.

[0067] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The support arm 230 may include a first support rod 231 and a second support rod 232. The first support rod 231 is connected to one of the artificial reef plates 210 and is provided with a plurality of first connecting structures, which are spaced apart along a first direction. The second support rod 232 is connected to the other artificial reef plate 210 and is provided with a plurality of second connecting structures, which are spaced apart along a second direction. Each first connecting structure can be connected to any one of the second connecting structures to restrict the relative movement of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 in the first direction.

[0068] Both the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 can be rod-shaped components extending along a first direction. The first support rod 231 can be connected to one of the artificial reef plates 210 by means of hinge, plug-in, or other methods, and the second support rod 232 can also be connected to the other artificial reef plate 210 by means of hinge, plug-in, or other methods. The facing portions of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 can be provided with a first connection structure and a second connection structure to achieve movable cooperation between the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 in the first direction. The first connection structure and the second connection structure can be mutually cooperating plug-in structures, threaded connection structures, or snap-fit ​​connection structures, etc., to facilitate connection and disassembly while ensuring the firmness of the connection.

[0069] In some embodiments, the first support rod 231 has a first connecting surface, and the second support rod 232 has a second connecting surface, with the first and second connecting surfaces facing each other. The first connecting structure is a connecting block 2321 protruding from the first connecting surface, and the second connecting structure is a connecting groove 2311 disposed on the second connecting surface, wherein the connecting block 2321 can be embedded in the connecting groove 2311.

[0070] The first connecting surface can be obtained by cutting the portion of the first support rod 231 facing the second support rod 232, and multiple protruding connecting blocks 2321 can be formed on the first connecting surface. The second connecting surface can be obtained by cutting the portion of the second support rod 232 facing the first support rod 231, and multiple connecting grooves 2311 adapted to the connecting blocks 2321 can be formed on the second connecting surface. The shapes of the connecting blocks 2321 and the connecting grooves 2311 can be rectangular, trapezoidal, wedge-shaped, etc., to facilitate the smooth sliding of the connecting blocks 2321 into the connecting grooves 2311 and achieve a stable connection.

[0071] The number of connecting blocks 2321 and connecting grooves 2311 can be multiple, and they are arranged at intervals along the first direction. By having different connecting blocks 2321 and connecting grooves 2311 cooperate with each other, the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 can be matched at different intervals in the first direction, thereby flexibly adjusting the length of the reef frame 200. At the same time, after the connecting block 2321 is embedded in the connecting groove 2311, the relative movement of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 in the first direction can be restricted, ensuring the stability of the reef frame 200.

[0072] Reference Figure 7 In some embodiments, one of the contact surfaces of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves extending along the first direction, and the other contact surface is provided with a plurality of positioning blocks extending along the first direction. Each positioning block is embedded in the corresponding positioning groove to limit the relative displacement of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 in the second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0073] The contact surface refers to the part where the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 come into contact with each other when connected, such as the first connecting surface, the second connecting surface, the surface of the connecting block 2321, and the bottom surface of the connecting groove 2311, etc. The positioning groove can be a groove formed on the contact surface of the first support rod 231 or the second support rod 232, and the positioning block can be a protrusion on the contact surface of the other support rod.

[0074] The positioning groove and the positioning block are matched in shape, such as triangle, rectangle or trapezoid, to ensure that the positioning block can be stably embedded in the positioning groove. The extension direction of the positioning groove and the positioning block is consistent with the first direction, and there can be multiple positioning grooves and positioning blocks, forming a continuous undulating structure on the facing surfaces of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232.

[0075] The cooperation of the positioning block and the positioning groove can further restrict the relative movement of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 in the second direction, making it difficult for the connecting block 2321 and the connecting groove 2311 to slide relative to each other and separate along the second direction, thereby further enhancing the structural stability of the reef skeleton 200, making it more stable in the underwater environment, and less susceptible to displacement due to the impact of water flow.

[0076] In some embodiments, the support arm 230 may further include a limiting cylinder 233, which is slidably sleeved on the first support rod 231 or the second support rod 232 and has a locked position and an unlocked position. When the limiting cylinder 233 is in the locked position, the portion of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 connected together is housed inside the limiting cylinder 233. When the limiting cylinder 233 is in the unlocked position, the portion of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 connected is located outside the limiting cylinder 233.

[0077] The limiting cylinder 233 is a hollow tubular component that slides with the first support rod 231 or the second support rod 232 via a sleeve connection. The limiting cylinder 233 can be sleeved on the first support rod 231 and moves to a locked or unlocked position by sliding on the first support rod 231 toward or away from the second support rod 232. Alternatively, the limiting cylinder 233 can be sleeved on the second support rod 232 and moves to a locked or unlocked position by sliding on the second support rod 232 toward or away from the first support rod 231.

[0078] When in the locked position, the limiting cylinder 233 moves to completely cover the connection part of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232. At this time, the connection part of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 is completely wrapped by the limiting cylinder 233 to form a rigid constraint. The first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 cannot move radially, thereby ensuring that the connecting block 2321 and the connecting groove 2311 in the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 will not separate, thus improving the stability of the limiting function of the support arm 230.

[0079] When in the unlocked position, the limiting cylinder 233 slides from the locked position onto the first support rod 231 or the second support rod 232, exposing the connection part of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232. At this time, the operator can manually adjust the relative position of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232 and adjust the length according to actual needs.

[0080] Specifically, when the length of the support arm 230 needs to be fixed, the limiting cylinder 233 is slid along the axial direction of the support rod until it completely covers the connection between the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232. At this time, the inner wall of the limiting cylinder 233 simultaneously contacts the outer surfaces of the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232, forming a circumferential constraint. When the length of the reef frame 200 needs to be adjusted, the limiting cylinder 233 is slid in the opposite direction to the non-connection area of ​​the first support rod 231 and the second support rod 232, releasing the constraint on the connection. At this time, the spacing between adjacent reef plates 210 can be changed by operating the telescopic arm 220.

[0081] During marine operations, the locking cylinder 233, when in the locked position, prevents accidental displacement of the support rod connection due to wave impact. During maintenance and adjustment, it can be moved to the unlocked position for easier manual operation. This ensures the artificial reef frame 200's impact resistance in the marine environment while providing convenient conditions for manual adjustment. The locking cylinder 233 can be locked during transportation to protect the connection points, and after deployment, its operating state can be flexibly switched as needed, significantly improving the deployment efficiency and service life of the artificial reef.

[0082] It should be noted that the components in the telescopic boom 220 and support boom 230 can also be obtained by cutting retired wind turbine blades, further realizing resource recycling. For example, components such as the support shaft 221, the first connecting rod 222, and the second connecting rod 223 in the telescopic boom 220 can be processed using the sturdy material of retired wind turbine blades through cutting, shaping, and riveting processes to form the required structural shape. Similarly, components such as the first support rod 231, the second support rod 232, the connecting block 2321, and the connecting groove 2311 in the support boom 230 can also be processed and assembled using similar methods.

[0083] The artificial reef framework 200, based on decommissioned wind turbine blades, not only effectively reduces the manufacturing cost of artificial reefs but also achieves the reuse of waste materials, reducing dependence on natural resources and environmental pollution. Furthermore, the good corrosion resistance and strength of decommissioned wind turbine blades contribute to the durability and stability of the resulting artificial reefs, enabling them to adapt to complex and changing marine environments and providing better habitats and breeding grounds for marine life.

[0084] Reference Figure 8 The reef base 100 may include a first base 110 and a second base 120. The first base 110 has a connecting hole 111, and the inner side of the connecting hole 111 may have a plurality of first limiting surfaces 1101. The periphery of the second base 120 may have a plurality of second limiting surfaces 1201, the number of which may be the same as the number of first limiting surfaces 1101. The second base 120 can be fitted into the connecting hole 111, and each of the first limiting surfaces 1101 can abut against any of the second limiting surfaces 1201 to limit the relative rotation of the first base 110 and the second base 120.

[0085] Both the first base 110 and the second base 120 are basic structures supporting the reef skeleton 200, and both the first base 110 and the second base 120 can be set to any shape. For example, the first base 110 can be set as a ring, with a connecting hole 111 for embedding the second base 120 on its inner side. The second base 120 can be a block structure with the same shape as the connecting hole 111, so that it can be completely fitted into the connecting hole 111, realizing the splicing function of the first base 110 and the second base 120.

[0086] The artificial reef frame 200 can be in the form of two, with one frame located on the first base 110 and the other on the second base 120. This allows the artificial reef to be a modular structure. Furthermore, the adjustable length of the frame 200 allows it to be shortened for transport, improving ease of transport. When deployed in the environment, multiple frames 200 are assembled by connecting the first base 110 and the second base 120 to form the corresponding artificial reef, enhancing construction convenience.

[0087] The first limiting surface 1101 is a planar structure located on the inner wall of the connecting hole 111, and the second limiting surface 1201 is a planar structure located on the outer side of the second seat 120. The number of the first limiting surface 1101 and the second limiting surface 1201 can be set arbitrarily. For example, the connecting hole 111 can be set as a regular hexagonal hole, and six first limiting surfaces 1101 can be formed on the inner side of the connecting hole 111. The second seat 120 can be set as a regular hexagonal block, and six second limiting surfaces 1201 can be formed on its periphery.

[0088] Reference Figure 9 and Figure 10 During assembly, the operator first aligns the second base 120 with the connecting hole 111 of the first base 110, and pushes the second base 120 into the axial direction of the connecting hole 111 until each of the second limiting surfaces 1201 abuts against any of the first limiting surfaces 1101. By making different first limiting surfaces 1101 and second limiting surfaces 1201 abut against each other, the relative angle between the first base 110 and the second base 120 can be changed, thereby changing the placement angle of the two artificial reef frames 200, improving the flexibility of the artificial reef layout in the underwater environment, and adapting to different seabed topography and installation requirements.

[0089] The above technical solution enables modular assembly of the artificial reef base 100. The stability of the split structure is ensured by the coordination and constraint of the first limiting surface 1101 and the second limiting surface 1201, while allowing the layout angle of the reef frame 200 to be adjusted according to actual needs. The split design also reduces the difficulty of transportation and installation, and the length of the two reef frames 200 can be adjusted independently, further enhancing the customizability of the habitat space.

[0090] Furthermore, the first seat 110 and / or the second seat 120 may be provided with lifting rings 1001.

[0091] The lifting ring 1001 refers to a ring-shaped metal structure installed on the base body, used to connect the traction components of the lifting equipment. It can be fixed to the surface or interior of the first base body 110 and the second base body 120 by welding, pre-embedded bolts, or casting. The number and position of the lifting ring 1001 can be arbitrary. For example, two sets of lifting rings 1001 can be symmetrically arranged in the joint area of ​​the first base body 110 and the second base body 120 to meet the operational needs of lifting equipment of different tonnages, or four sets of lifting points can be arranged in the diagonal direction of the base body (first base body 110, second base body 120) to enhance the lifting stability.

[0092] Both the first base 110 and the second base 120 mentioned above can be concrete blocks formed by casting concrete materials. The reef plate 210 can be fixed to the first base 110 or the second base 120 during the casting process. When the first base 110 and the second base 120 are concrete blocks, the concrete block casting mix ratio can be: 40-60 parts clinker, 30-50 parts washed sand tailings, 12-18 parts shell powder, 3-6 parts gypsum, and 0.2-0.4 parts polycarboxylate superplasticizer.

[0093] Clinker refers to silicate cement clinker, specifically ordinary silicate cement clinker, used to provide the main cementitious action in concrete. Washing tailings refer to waste containing clay and fine particles generated during sand washing; after dehydration, it replaces part of the cement raw materials, reducing the consumption of natural resources. Shell powder refers to crushed marine shells; its calcium carbonate component can react with cement hydration products, enhancing resistance to chloride ion penetration. Gypsum refers to dihydrate gypsum or desulfurized gypsum, used to regulate cement setting time and participate in the hydration reaction. Polycarboxylate superplasticizer is a high-molecular-weight surfactant that reduces the water content of concrete and increases its density through adsorption and dispersion.

[0094] The concrete blocks are prepared by mixing clinker, washed sand tailings, shell powder, and gypsum in a specific ratio, adding polycarboxylate superplasticizer to adjust the fluidity, and then casting them into shape. The washed sand tailings, acting as a silica-alumina material, partially replace the clinker and react with calcium carbonate from the shell powder in an alkaline environment to form aluminocarbonates, enhancing resistance to seawater erosion. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer reduces the amount of mixing water, lowering the internal porosity of the concrete and thus improving the long-term stability of the foundation in a marine environment.

[0095] In some specific embodiments, the composition may include 41 parts clinker, 40 parts washed sand tailings, 15 parts shell powder, 4 parts gypsum, and 0.25 parts polycarboxylate superplasticizer. For example, the washed sand tailings can be obtained from dewatered tailings of a construction waste treatment plant, and the shell powder can be obtained by crushing waste oyster shells to below 200 mesh. Desulfurized gypsum can be used, with a calcium sulfate content of not less than 90%. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer can be a liquid product with a solid content of 40%, and the dosage is calculated based on the total mass of the cementitious materials.

[0096] Compared to existing technologies, traditional artificial reef concrete primarily uses ordinary Portland cement and natural aggregates. This application utilizes the large amount of tailings from urban construction to replace part of the cement clinker, reducing carbon emissions while making use of waste. The introduction of shell powder enhances resistance to chloride ion corrosion, compensating for the durability deficiencies of ordinary concrete in marine saline environments.

[0097] Reference Figure 11 Based on the artificial reefs described above, this application also provides a method for preparing an artificial reef based on decommissioned wind turbine blades, including steps 301 to 304.

[0098] In step 302, the first structural parameters of the reef plate 210 and the second structural parameters of the telescopic structure are determined based on the structure of the reef skeleton 200.

[0099] The structure of the artificial reef frame 200 refers to its structural shape and the layout and connection methods of its components, such as the structure of each reef plate 210, the structure of the telescopic arm 220, and the specific structure of the support arm 230. Three-dimensional modeling software can be used to simulate the artificial reef frame 200 to ensure the matching degree between the cutting path of the decommissioned wind turbine blades and the target components.

[0100] The first structural parameter refers to the geometric dimensions of the reef plate 210 and the distribution parameters of the hollow structure 2101. The second structural parameter refers to the structure of each component in the telescopic arm 220, such as the geometric dimensions of each support shaft 221, the first connecting rod 222, the second connecting rod 223, and each hinge shaft.

[0101] In step 302, cutting parameters are determined on the decommissioned wind turbine blades based on the first structural parameters and the second structural parameters.

[0102] By determining the first and second structural parameters of the artificial reef framework 200, and in conjunction with the shape of the decommissioned wind turbine blades, the specific locations and dimensions of the artificial reef components that can be cut from the wind turbine blades are determined. This maximizes the use of wind turbine blade material, allowing for the cutting of more artificial reef framework 200 components from a single wind turbine blade, thus improving material utilization. Cutting parameters, including cutting depth, cutting angle, and cutting path, are obtained to ensure a smooth cutting process and the accuracy and quality of the cut components.

[0103] In step S303, the decommissioned wind turbine blades are cut according to the cutting parameters to form the reef plate 210 and the telescopic structure, and the two are spliced ​​together to form the reef skeleton 200.

[0104] Cutting processes can employ laser cutting, mechanical cutting, or plasma cutting, with the specific choice depending on the size, shape, and material properties of the parts being cut. Laser cutting, with its high precision and efficiency, is suitable for cutting complex shapes and intricate structures. Mechanical cutting is suitable for batch processing of larger parts. Plasma cutting is suitable for cutting thicker materials, ensuring the flatness and perpendicularity of the cut surface.

[0105] During the cutting process, the cutting speed, cutting power, and the type and flow rate of the cutting gas can be controlled to ensure cutting quality and efficiency. Simultaneously, the cut parts need to undergo edge treatment and surface cleaning to remove impurities such as burrs, oil, and oxides, thereby improving the assembly accuracy and durability of the parts.

[0106] The cut reef plates 210 and the various components of the telescopic structure are assembled, using methods such as bolting, welding, or riveting, to form a complete reef skeleton 200. Preferably, riveting is used to connect the reef plates 210 and the various components of the telescopic structure to improve the corrosion resistance of the joints. During assembly, it is essential to ensure that the connections of each component are firm and reliable, avoiding loosening or misalignment to guarantee the overall stability and durability of the reef skeleton 200. After assembly, the reef skeleton 200 can be subjected to quality inspections, including dimensional measurements, structural strength tests, and corrosion resistance tests, to ensure that the reef skeleton 200 meets design requirements and usage needs.

[0107] In step S304, when pouring the concrete block, a portion of the reef plate 210 is poured into the concrete block to form the reef base 100.

[0108] The concrete block can consist of: 40-60 parts clinker, 30-50 parts washed sand tailings, 12-18 parts shell powder, 3-6 parts gypsum, and 0.2-0.4 parts polycarboxylate superplasticizer. This utilizes washed sand tailings to replace part of the cement clinker, reducing production costs and improving environmental benefits. Before pouring, according to the layout and dimensions of the reef frame 200, the lifting rings 1001 need to be installed at the preset positions of the first base 110 and the second base 120. The shape and dimensions of the connecting holes 111 and the second base 120 should also be preset to ensure a stable connection between the reef frame 200 and the base.

[0109] During the pouring process, the uniformly mixed concrete material is poured into the mold, and the artificial reef plate 210 connected to the base is inserted into the concrete. After the concrete has solidified, the mold is removed to obtain a concrete base with the artificial reef plate 210. Then, the other components of the artificial reef skeleton 200 are connected to the artificial reef plate 210 to form a complete artificial reef.

[0110] The above technical solutions address the current challenges of degrading retired wind turbine blades and the pollution caused by the accumulation of tailings from sand washing, thus constructing an adjustable artificial reef system. The glass fiber reinforced structure of the retired blades provides the reef skeleton 200 with resistance to seawater erosion, while the microporous structure of the tailings concrete promotes the attachment and growth of marine organisms, achieving the goals of ecological restoration and solid waste resource utilization.

[0111] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An artificial reef, characterized in that, include: The reef base has a porous structure; At least one artificial reef skeleton, the artificial reef skeleton comprising a plurality of skeleton components arranged along a first direction, each skeleton component comprising an artificial reef plate and a telescopic structure disposed on the artificial reef plate; the artificial reef plate having a plurality of hollow structures, wherein the artificial reef plate of one skeleton component is connected to the artificial reef base; the telescopic structures in two adjacent skeleton components are interconnected, and the two adjacent artificial reef plates are able to move relative to each other along the first direction to adjust the length of the artificial reef skeleton in the first direction.

2. The artificial reef according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic structure includes at least one set of telescopic arms, the telescopic arms comprising: A support shaft is connected to the corresponding reef plate; The first connecting rod has a first extension end and a second extension end, and the middle part of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to the support shaft; The second connecting rod has a third extension end and a fourth extension end, and the middle part of the second connecting rod is rotatably connected to the support shaft; the first extension end and the third extension end are at the same height and arranged along the first direction, and the second extension end and the fourth extension end are at the same height and arranged along the first direction. The first extension end is hinged to the third extension end of the adjacent second connecting rod, and the second extension end is hinged to the fourth extension end of another adjacent second connecting rod.

3. The artificial reef according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reef framework further includes at least one support arm, which is disposed between two adjacent reef plates, and the support arm includes: A first support rod is connected to one of the fish reef plates. The first support rod is provided with a plurality of first connecting structures, which are arranged at intervals along the first direction. The second support rod is connected to another reef plate. The second support rod is provided with multiple second connection structures, which are arranged at intervals along the second direction. The first connecting structure can be connected to any one of the second connecting structures to restrict the relative movement of the first support rod and the second support rod in the first direction.

4. The artificial reef according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first support rod has a first connecting surface, and the second support rod has a second connecting surface, with the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface facing each other; The first connecting structure is a connecting block protruding from the first connecting surface, and the second connecting structure is a connecting groove disposed on the second connecting surface, wherein the connecting block can be embedded in the connecting groove.

5. The artificial reef according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the two contact surfaces where the first support rod and the second support rod come into contact, one of the contact surfaces is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves extending along the first direction, and the other contact surface is provided with a plurality of positioning blocks extending along the first direction. Each positioning block is embedded in the corresponding positioning groove to limit the relative displacement of the first support rod and the second support rod in the second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.

6. The artificial reef according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support arm also includes a limiting cylinder, which is slidably sleeved on the first support rod and / or the second support rod, and has a locked position and an unlocked position; When the limiting cylinder is in the locked position, the connected portions of the first support rod and the second support rod are housed together inside the limiting cylinder; when the limiting cylinder is in the unlocked position, the connected portions of the first support rod and the second support rod are located outside the limiting cylinder.

7. The artificial reef according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The reef base includes: The first base has a connecting hole, and the inner side of the connecting hole has a plurality of first limiting surfaces; The second seat has a plurality of second limiting surfaces on its periphery and can be fitted into the connecting hole. Each of the first limiting surfaces can abut against any of the second limiting surfaces to restrict the relative rotation of the first seat and the second seat. The reef skeleton is of two types, with one reef skeleton disposed on the first base and the other reef skeleton disposed on the second base.

8. The artificial reef according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first base and / or the second base are provided with lifting rings.

9. The artificial reef according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first base and / or the second base are concrete blocks, and the concrete block is poured with the following mix proportions: 40-60 parts clinker, 30-50 parts washed sand tailings, 12-18 parts shell powder, 3-6 parts gypsum, and 0.2-0.4 parts polycarboxylate superplasticizer.

10. A method for preparing an artificial reef based on decommissioned wind turbine blades, characterized in that, The artificial reef is the artificial reef as described in any one of claims 1-9, and the preparation method includes: The second structural parameter of the telescopic structure; Based on the first structural parameters and the second structural parameters, cut parameters are determined on at least one decommissioned wind turbine blade; According to the cutting parameters, at least one of the retired wind turbine blades is cut to form multiple artificial reef plates and multiple telescopic structures, and the multiple artificial reef plates and multiple telescopic structures are spliced ​​together to form the artificial reef skeleton; A concrete block with a corresponding shape is poured. During the pouring process, at least one portion of the reef plate from each of the reef skeletons is poured into the concrete block, and the concrete block solidifies to form the reef base.

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