Data transmission method and apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device

Abstract

The application provides a data transmission method and device, a storage medium and an electronic device. The relay unit is in communication connection with a plurality of data collection units, and receives a data forwarding request of a target data collection unit. In response to the data forwarding request, the current forwarding tendency index and the forwarding inhibition index of the target data collection unit are obtained. If the forwarding tendency index is greater than the forwarding inhibition index, the data to be forwarded in the data forwarding request is forwarded. In this way, the forwarding request of each data collection unit is dynamically evaluated by the relay unit, and whether to perform forwarding is determined based on the comparison result of the forwarding tendency index and the forwarding inhibition index, thereby avoiding the problem of multi-node concurrent uploading and network congestion caused by traditional fixed period reporting, and allowing the collected data to be reported in real time when the forwarding tendency index occupies an absolute advantage, balancing traffic peak shaving and response sensitivity, effectively alleviating network fluctuations and improving the timeliness of key data transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of the Internet of Things (IoT), and more specifically, to a data transmission method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] In current IoT application scenarios, especially in substations where real-time monitoring of the environment and equipment status is crucial, the common approach is to centrally aggregate data collected by various sensors via wireless or wired connections to a local gateway device. This data is then uploaded to a remote visualization platform or IoT platform for unified management via a public network link. A typical architecture usually includes an environmental monitoring system, an equipment status monitoring system, and a video surveillance system, responsible for collecting sensor data such as temperature and humidity, smoke, water immersion, and partial discharge, as well as real-time video stream information. Sensor data is primarily transmitted to the aggregation node via low-power wide-area wireless technologies such as LoRa, while video data is connected to a smart gateway device with edge processing capabilities via Ethernet. Ultimately, all data must be sent to the cloud platform via uplink channels such as 4G / 5G, private networks, or fiber optics to achieve remote monitoring and maintenance.

[0003] However, during real-time monitoring, the need to continuously receive high-frequency updates from a large number of sensors leads to a sharp increase in data traffic. In practice, it has been found that some sensor data, such as temperature, humidity, or gas concentration, change extremely slowly under normal operating conditions. Repeatedly collecting and uploading almost identical data within a short period not only fails to provide additional informational value but also results in a large amount of redundant data. For example, temperature and humidity readings may be reported every few seconds, while in a real environment these parameters may remain stable for minutes or even longer. Such high-frequency repetitive sampling and transmission inefficiently consumes storage space and communication bandwidth, and over time, this can easily lead to disk resource constraints on edge devices and network congestion, ultimately affecting the timely delivery of critical data.

[0004] To alleviate these issues, existing solutions often extend the data upload cycle, reducing the frequency at which sensors collecting temperature, humidity, and other data report data to the gateway, thereby decreasing the total transmission volume per unit time. In practice, while this method can control data volume to some extent and avoid network fluctuations caused by excessive instantaneous traffic, it also has certain limitations.

[0005] Specifically, although different sensors report data at different times, sometimes multiple sensors trigger uploads simultaneously, creating sudden traffic spikes that can cause localized network congestion and affect data transmission for other critical tasks. On the other hand, fixed and relatively long upload intervals reduce sensing sensitivity, making it difficult to capture initial trends in the event of anomalies, delaying alarm response times, and even missing early signs of fault development. This poses potential safety hazards, especially in high-security scenarios such as substations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome at least one deficiency in the prior art, this application provides a data transmission method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device, including:

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a data transmission method applied to a relay unit, wherein the relay unit is communicatively connected to multiple data acquisition units, the method comprising:

[0008] Receive a data forwarding request from a target data acquisition unit, wherein the target data acquisition unit is one of the plurality of data acquisition units;

[0009] In response to the data forwarding request, obtain the current forwarding tendency index and forwarding suppression index of the target data acquisition unit;

[0010] If the forwarding tendency index is greater than the forwarding suppression index, then the data to be forwarded in the data forwarding request will be forwarded.

[0011] Secondly, this application provides a data transmission device applied to a relay unit, the relay unit being communicatively connected to multiple data acquisition units, the device comprising:

[0012] A request receiving module is used to receive a data forwarding request from a target data acquisition unit, wherein the target data acquisition unit is one of the plurality of data acquisition units;

[0013] The forwarding index module is used to respond to the data forwarding request and obtain the current forwarding tendency index and forwarding suppression index of the target data acquisition unit.

[0014] The data forwarding module is used to forward the data to be forwarded in the data forwarding request if the forwarding tendency index is greater than the forwarding inhibition index.

[0015] Thirdly, this application provides a storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the data transmission method.

[0016] Fourthly, this application provides an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the data transmission method.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This application provides a data transmission method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device in which a relay unit is communicatively connected to multiple data acquisition units and receives data forwarding requests from a target data acquisition unit. The target data acquisition unit is one of the multiple data acquisition units. In response to the data forwarding request, the relay unit acquires the target data acquisition unit's current forwarding tendency index and forwarding suppression index. If the forwarding tendency index is greater than the forwarding suppression index, the data to be forwarded in the data forwarding request is forwarded. Thus, by dynamically evaluating the forwarding requests of each data acquisition unit through the relay unit, and deciding whether to execute forwarding based on the comparison result of the forwarding tendency index and the forwarding suppression index, the problem of concurrent uploading by multiple nodes and network congestion caused by traditional fixed-period reporting is avoided. Simultaneously, when the forwarding tendency index has an absolute advantage, the collected data can be reported immediately, achieving a balance between traffic peak shifting and response sensitivity, effectively mitigating network fluctuations and improving the timeliness of critical data transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of inter-region division provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the regional structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the data transmission principle provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 5 Complete example diagrams of the data transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the camera data principle provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the data transmission device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application (hereinafter referred to as "the embodiments") clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0029] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0030] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0031] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0032] Based on the above statement, as introduced in the background technology, the current solutions for reducing redundant data in real-time monitoring scenarios suffer from problems such as sudden congestion and decreased sensing sensitivity.

[0033] It should be noted that the defects in the solutions in the prior art are the result of practice and careful research. Therefore, the discovery process of the above problems and the solutions proposed by the embodiments of this application in the following text should be regarded as contributions to this application in the process of invention and creation, and should not be understood as technical content known to those skilled in the art.

[0034] Based on the discovery of the above-mentioned technical problems, this embodiment provides a data transmission method applied to a relay unit, which is communicatively connected to multiple data acquisition units. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0035] S1 receives a data forwarding request from the target data acquisition unit.

[0036] The target data acquisition unit is one of multiple data acquisition units.

[0037] S2, in response to a data forwarding request, obtains the current forwarding tendency index and forwarding suppression index of the target data acquisition unit.

[0038] S3. If the forwarding tendency index is greater than the forwarding suppression index, then the data to be forwarded in the data forwarding request will be forwarded.

[0039] In this way, the relay unit dynamically evaluates the forwarding requests of each data collection unit and decides whether to perform forwarding based on the comparison results of the forwarding tendency index and the forwarding inhibition index. This avoids the problems of concurrent uploading by multiple nodes and network congestion caused by traditional fixed-period reporting. At the same time, when the forwarding tendency index has an absolute advantage, the collected data can be reported in real time, achieving a balance between traffic peak shifting and response sensitivity, effectively mitigating network fluctuations and improving the timeliness of critical data transmission.

[0040] It should be understood that, in this embodiment, the relay unit is responsible for receiving data forwarding requests from multiple data acquisition units and implementing forwarding control decisions. The physical form and logical function of the relay unit and the multiple data acquisition units can be dynamically adjusted according to different deployment levels. Specifically, the multiple devices constituting the Internet of Things system can be divided into multiple node areas. The relay unit can be a device in the node area that undertakes the data forwarding task, and the multiple data acquisition units can be other devices in the node area (e.g., sensor devices).

[0041] Furthermore, considering the issue of poor signal strength in some IoT scenarios, the region with the best signal among multiple node regions can be designated as the central node region. In this case, the relay unit can be a device in the central node region responsible for data forwarding, while devices in other non-central node regions responsible for data forwarding can act as data acquisition units and communicate with the devices in the central node region responsible for data forwarding.

[0042] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, power distribution substations commonly suffer from areas with no or weak signal. Therefore, based on the divide-and-conquer approach, the substation can be divided into multiple sub-areas, each corresponding to an independent monitoring system. These monitoring systems include environmental monitoring and linkage subsystems, equipment status monitoring subsystems, video monitoring subsystems, and intelligent visualization fusion terminals. This intelligent visualization fusion terminal integrates components such as a wireless aggregation module, a self-organizing network communication module, a visualization display screen, and an alarm linkage module, possessing data aggregation, local display, alarm response, and network communication capabilities. In this architecture, multiple sub-areas are networked using a star topology, with the sub-area with good signal designated as the central node area, and the rest as non-central node areas. The intelligent visualization fusion terminal in the central node area connects to a visualization platform or IoT platform via a public 4G / 5G network or a private network to achieve full-area data reporting. In this context, relay units can be implemented in two different ways.

[0043] First scenario

[0044] The relay unit is an intelligent visual fusion terminal in the central node area, while multiple data acquisition units are intelligent visual fusion terminals deployed in various non-central node areas. In this mode, the intelligent visual fusion terminal in the non-central node area first completes the local aggregation and processing of sensor data and video data in its own area, and then initiates a data forwarding request to the central node. The relay unit in the central node area decides whether to upload data from other sub-areas to the platform based on the comparison results of forwarding tendency index and forwarding suppression index, thereby realizing centralized control of cross-regional uplink traffic.

[0045] The second scenario

[0046] like Figure 3As shown, the relay unit can be an intelligent visual fusion terminal deployed in any sub-area. In this case, multiple data acquisition units are devices connected to the environmental monitoring and linkage subsystem, equipment status monitoring subsystem, and video monitoring subsystem within that sub-area via wireless or wired connections. The environmental monitoring and linkage subsystem includes temperature and humidity sensors, smoke sensors, water immersion sensors, gas monitoring sensors, air conditioning linkage, fan linkage, and lighting linkage, etc.; the equipment status monitoring subsystem includes temperature sensors, passive temperature sensors, UHF partial discharge (UHF partial discharge monitoring device), switchgear partial discharge (switchgear partial discharge monitoring device), battery monitoring, and noise sensors, etc.; the video monitoring subsystem includes dual-light high-definition PTZ cameras, dual-light high-definition bullet cameras, and infrared thermal imaging cameras, etc. These devices continuously generate real-time data and upload it to the intelligent visual fusion terminal in the sub-area via LoRa or Ethernet. The latter, based on the received data forwarding requests, obtains the corresponding forwarding tendency indicators and forwarding suppression indicators, and performs forwarding operations when conditions are met, achieving refined management of data flow within the area.

[0047] To make the solution provided in this embodiment clearer, the following uses a power distribution station as an example to describe in detail each step of the data transmission method provided in this embodiment. However, it should be understood that the operations in the flowchart may not be implemented in sequence, and steps without logical contextual relationships may be reversed or implemented simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art, guided by the content of this application, may add one or more other operations to the flowchart, or remove one or more operations from the flowchart. See also... Figure 1 The method includes:

[0048] S1 receives a data forwarding request from the target data acquisition unit.

[0049] The target data acquisition unit is one of multiple data acquisition units.

[0050] For example, in a power distribution station divided into multiple sub-regions, each sub-region is equipped with various sensor devices such as temperature and humidity sensors, water immersion sensors, and partial discharge monitoring devices. These devices continuously collect operating environment and equipment status information as data acquisition units. Simultaneously, a smart visual fusion terminal with wireless aggregation, self-organizing network communication, and local decision-making capabilities is installed within each sub-region. This fusion terminal then acts as a relay unit. When a temperature and humidity sensor in one of the sub-regions (as the target data acquisition unit) detects that the accumulated environmental data in its cache has reached a certain amount, it proactively sends a data forwarding request to the smart visual fusion terminal in that region. This request indicates that it has data that needs to be uploaded to the upper-level platform or central node via the relay unit.

[0051] In a cross-regional network architecture, the fusion terminal in the region with the best signal conditions can also act as a central node, receiving data forwarding requests from fusion terminals in other regions (which then act as data acquisition units), thereby realizing multi-level progressive relay control.

[0052] Based on the above description of data forwarding requests in the embodiments, please refer to... Figure 1 Next, for Figure 1 Step S2 will be explained as follows:

[0053] S2, in response to a data forwarding request, obtains the current forwarding tendency index and forwarding suppression index of the target data acquisition unit.

[0054] As an optional implementation, the forwarding suppression index is positively correlated with the current planned available traffic of the target data acquisition unit; the forwarding tendency index is positively correlated with the current actual available traffic of the target data acquisition unit.

[0055] It should be understood that in IoT application scenarios such as power distribution substations, multiple data acquisition units continuously generate different types of information data in response to different information events. When this information data is uploaded to a remote platform through relay units, it is constrained by the total amount of communication bandwidth and traffic resources. Without an effective allocation mechanism, this can easily lead to problems such as high-priority information data failing to be reported in a timely manner or low-priority devices excessively occupying channel resources. Therefore, multiple data acquisition units are pre-assigned priorities. Then, the relay unit obtains the total global traffic of the multiple data acquisition units; based on the priority of the target data acquisition unit, it determines the available total traffic for the target data acquisition unit from the total global traffic.

[0056] For example, the intelligent visualization fusion terminal within the area acquires the total global traffic shared by multiple data acquisition units. This parameter reflects the overall uplink bandwidth resource capacity currently available to the relay unit. Based on this, the intelligent visualization fusion terminal sets priorities for each data acquisition unit according to preset rules. These priorities are related to the importance of the acquired data; for example, data acquisition units for monitoring the status of power equipment have a higher priority than ordinary environmental temperature and humidity sensors.

[0057] Then, the intelligent visualization fusion terminal determines the available total traffic of the target data acquisition unit by allocating a corresponding share from the global total traffic according to the target data acquisition unit’s level in the pre-allocated priority system.

[0058] When a relay unit is a device that undertakes data forwarding tasks in the aforementioned central node area, the relay unit can allocate the total available traffic for each non-central node area in the current statistical period according to the priority pre-configured for other non-central node areas.

[0059] It should be noted that the total available traffic here refers to the maximum amount of communication resources that the data acquisition unit is allowed to use within the current statistical period. In this embodiment, the statistical period is a time reference unit used to measure and regulate data transmission behavior, serving as the basis for dividing the time dimension. This statistical period is defined as a preset time interval, within which the data transmission activities of the target data acquisition unit are continuously monitored and cumulatively calculated to provide a dynamic and quantifiable basis for subsequent forwarding decisions. After the statistical period ends, the cumulative traffic result of the target data acquisition unit needs to be reset to zero, and then the accumulation is restarted in the next statistical period.

[0060] Therefore, the setting of the statistical period directly affects the evaluation accuracy and control sensitivity of data transmission behavior, and it can usually be set to 3 to 10 minutes as a statistical period.

[0061] Furthermore, it should be understood that the total global traffic is directly related to the communication bandwidth capability of the intelligent visualization fusion terminal. To avoid network congestion caused by concurrent transmission from multiple data acquisition units, during the statistical period... Within, the average data transmission rate corresponding to the information data of the information events detected by each data acquisition unit. It must not exceed 80% of the converged terminal bandwidth B, that is, satisfy the formula:

[0062]

[0063] In the formula, Indicates the period of statistical analysis The number of internal information events, Indicates the first The data transmission volume of each information event within the statistical period. This constraint ensures that some bandwidth resources are reserved for the reporting of other events (e.g., urgent events that must be reported immediately), preventing low-urgency information data from excessively occupying the channel. Simultaneously, to further guarantee overall communication reliability, the sum of the average transmission data rates of all events (including information events and alarm events) is considered. It must also be controlled within the limit of the converged terminal bandwidth B, that is, satisfying:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, This indicates the average transmission rate during emergency events.

[0066] Therefore, the total global traffic is the total communication resource available for allocation to multiple data acquisition units, and its actual value is based on the converged terminal bandwidth B. Since information events are limited to 80% of B, and the remaining 20% ​​or more of the bandwidth needs to be reserved for alarm events or other urgent data, the total global traffic can be regarded as a dynamic resource pool used in a priority-based hierarchical manner during implementation: a portion is used for information data transmission by ordinary data acquisition units, and another portion is reserved for high-priority events.

[0067] Based on the above embodiments' description of the statistical period and total available traffic, this embodiment provides the following optional implementation methods for the forwarding suppression index in step S2:

[0068] S2-4, Obtain the first ratio between the planned available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit;

[0069] S2-5, adjust the first ratio using the current reward and punishment factors to obtain the forwarding suppression index.

[0070] Among them, the reward and punishment factor represents the relationship between the actual available traffic of the target data collection unit and the planned available traffic of the previous time after the previous forwarding.

[0071] In practice, the relay unit calculates the forwarding suppression index using the following expression:

[0072]

[0073] In the formula, Indicates the first The forwarding suppression index of information events detected by each data acquisition unit serves as a key threshold for determining whether data transmission is permitted. For the first The reward and punishment factors for the information events detected by each data collection unit are used to reflect whether the resource usage of the data collection unit after the last data forwarding was too aggressive. If it was too aggressive, it needs to be suppressed; otherwise, it needs to be encouraged.

[0074] It should be noted that timestamps This indicates the length of time elapsed from the start of the current statistical period to the current moment, while For the complete statistical period, therefore This constitutes a time decay coefficient that gradually decreases over time. However, it should be understood that in this embodiment, although the expression for the forwarding suppression index is calculated based on a time variable, it actually reflects the usage of planned available traffic. This is because planned available traffic varies over the statistical period. The internal allocation is set to be uniform over time, which means that the use of communication resources should be linearly and uniformly distributed over time.

[0075] This can be understood as follows: the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit is a fixed value determined from the global total traffic based on priority at the beginning of the statistical period, while the planned available traffic refers to the unit's available traffic at the current moment. The portion of traffic that should theoretically have been allowed to be used previously. Since it is expected that each data collection unit should use its allocated resources evenly to avoid network fluctuations caused by sudden surges in transmission within a short period, the total available traffic is distributed evenly over the entire statistical period. Within the time interval. Under this premise, at any given moment... The corresponding planned traffic can be represented as:

[0076]

[0077] It's easy to see that the planned available traffic changes over time. The flow decreases linearly over time, meaning that a corresponding proportion of the available flow is released for every unit of time. Therefore, the time proportion... Essentially equivalent to the proportion of allocated traffic, and the proportion of remaining unused time. This corresponds to the planned flow share that has not yet been released.

[0078] For the reward / penalty factors in steps S2-5, this embodiment also provides the following optional implementation methods for calculation beforehand:

[0079] S2-1, obtain the actual available traffic of the target data acquisition unit and the planned available traffic of the target data acquisition unit after the last forwarding for the target data acquisition unit;

[0080] S2-2, If the actual available traffic of the target data acquisition unit is greater than the planned available traffic after the last forwarding, then a value greater than 1 will be used as a reward / penalty factor.

[0081] S2-3, if the actual available traffic of the target data acquisition unit is less than or equal to the planned available traffic of the previous time after forwarding to the target data acquisition unit, then the value less than 1 will be used as the reward / penalty factor.

[0082] The above steps can be understood as follows: the relay unit obtains the actual available traffic remaining after forwarding to the target data acquisition unit last time, and simultaneously obtains the planned available traffic corresponding to this forwarding. If the actual available traffic after forwarding to the target data acquisition unit last time is less than or equal to the planned available traffic last time, it indicates that its resource usage in the previous cycle did not exceed expectations, and there may even be underutilization of resources. In this case, a value less than 1 (such as 0.9) is used as a reward / penalty factor, thereby lowering the judgment threshold for the next data transmission, reflecting the purpose of "rewarding" and encouraging it to use the allocated resources more actively in subsequent cycles, thus improving bandwidth utilization. Conversely, if the actual available traffic is greater than the planned available traffic last time, it indicates that it has exceeded the planned quota for resource usage in the previous transmission, posing a risk of occupying too much channel capacity. In this case, a value greater than 1 (such as 1.1) is used as a reward / penalty factor, increasing the difficulty of passing subsequent transmission requests, achieving the effect of "punishment," and preventing individual units from continuously occupying public resources and causing network congestion.

[0083] Therefore, reward and punishment factors The value selection condition is determined by the target data acquisition unit based on the timestamp. The first occurrence The total amount of actual data transmitted after transmitting the corresponding data for each information event. Compared with the theoretically usable data transfer volume The comparison results. Among them, The priority weight of the target data acquisition unit reflects its priority proportion among all events.

[0084] When the actual transmission volume exceeds the theoretical available volume, that is:

[0085]

[0086] The relay unit was determined to have exceeded the limit, and settings were configured. Conversely, set it as .

[0087] Similarly, for the forwarding tendency index in step S2, this embodiment also provides the following optional implementation methods:

[0088] S2-6A, obtain the second ratio between the current actual available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit.

[0089] S2-7A uses the second ratio as an indicator of forwarding tendency.

[0090] During the above steps, the actual available traffic represents the amount of communication resources that the data acquisition unit has not yet used within the current statistical period, while the total available traffic is the total resource quota allocated to it from the global total traffic according to priority. The ratio of the two reflects the proportion of its remaining transmission capacity. Therefore, the forwarding tendency index... The expression is:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, To visualize the bandwidth of the intelligent converged terminal, For the statistical period, The priority weight of the target data acquisition unit reflects the relative priority of the information events it detects. Therefore, the numerator of this expression represents the remaining data transmission volume that can still be used after considering the priority weighting; the denominator represents the theoretical maximum data transmission volume that is allowed to be used throughout the entire cycle.

[0093] Therefore, if the historical transmission volume of the target data acquisition unit is small and its actual available traffic is high, the second ratio approaches 1, indicating that it still has sufficient resources for subsequent transmission, resulting in a high forwarding tendency index and making it easier to trigger forwarding conditions. Conversely, if it has almost exhausted its allocated quota, the second ratio approaches 0, the forwarding tendency decreases, and it suppresses further reporting requests. In this way, the forwarding tendency index can reflect the resource consumption progress of each data acquisition unit in real time, avoiding channel congestion or occupation of the available traffic resources of other data acquisition units due to continuous uploading by individual units.

[0094] In practice, it was found that when a physical quantity (such as temperature, partial discharge intensity, vibration amplitude, etc.) monitored by a target data acquisition unit shows a sharp increase or deviates from the normal range, it should be given a higher reporting priority, even if it has not yet approached the resource limit, to ensure that the central system can respond to potential faults in a timely manner. However, if the forwarding tendency index is only positively correlated with the actual available traffic, such sudden, high-value data still needs to be queued according to the conventional scheduling logic, which may lead to delays in uploading critical early warning information, thereby affecting the overall security and reliability of the system.

[0095] For example, in a transformer partial discharge monitoring scenario, a sensor outputs stable values ​​with a low rate of change for most of the time. However, at a certain moment, due to insulation degradation, the partial discharge signal suddenly intensifies. Although the data acquisition unit still has sufficient available bandwidth and has not triggered a resource overload warning, the data it collects already possesses emergency alarm attributes. If the decision is still made based on the original resource-oriented forwarding tendency index, the abnormal data may be delayed in processing, missing the optimal intervention opportunity. Therefore, this embodiment also provides another optional implementation method:

[0096] S2-6B, obtain the second ratio between the current actual available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit.

[0097] S2-7B: Based on the historical data collected by the target data acquisition unit and the data to be forwarded in the forwarding request, the rate of change of the data collected by the target data acquisition unit is obtained.

[0098] It should be understood that the rate of change here refers to the amplitude or slope of the data fluctuation per unit time, such as the rate of temperature rise or the gradient of partial discharge signal enhancement, which is used to quantify the severity of the state evolution of the measured object.

[0099] S2-8B is an enhancement factor that maps the rate of change to the second ratio.

[0100] S2-9B uses an enhancement factor to adjust the second ratio to obtain a forwarding tendency index.

[0101] In this embodiment, in order to improve the intelligence level of data transmission decision-making, not only is the resource usage status of the target data acquisition unit considered, but also the rate of change of the data it acquires is introduced as a basis for dynamic adjustment.

[0102] Therefore, during the above steps, the relay unit acquires historical data collected by the target data acquisition unit and the data to be forwarded in the current forwarding request, and calculates the data change rate by comparing the trend of the difference between the two. This rate of change characterizes the rate of evolution of the monitored physical quantity (e.g., temperature, partial discharge intensity, etc.) over a short period of time. Subsequently, the relay unit uses the following mapping function to perform a nonlinear mapping of this rate of change:

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, The control parameters for adjusting the steepness of the curve can be flexibly adjusted according to the application scenario. In this embodiment, The value can be 0.7.

[0105] Regarding the mapping function described above, it should be understood that this mapping function exhibits an S-shaped growth characteristic; therefore, when the rate of change... When the value is close to zero or small, the enhancement factor mapped by this function approaches 0, thus achieving a filtering effect on small rates of change. With... As the magnitude of the change increases, the mapped enhancement factor rises rapidly, demonstrating high sensitivity to larger rates of change. Therefore, this function can effectively distinguish between normal and abnormal data fluctuations.

[0106] Based on this, the relay unit will map the enhancement factor. Through expressions For the second ratio Enhancement processing is performed. Due to the second ratio This is equivalent to the original forwarding tendency index, ensuring that the enhanced index never falls below the original value, and the more drastic the change, the greater the enhancement. For example, when a temperature and humidity sensor detects a rapid increase in ambient temperature within a short period, its rate of change... The value is relatively large, and after function mapping, a higher value is obtained. This value significantly improves the final forwarding tendency index, making it easier to meet the forwarding decision conditions of the relay unit.

[0107] In this way, by adopting the above mapping function, we can avoid the problem of excessive amplification that may be caused by linear mapping, and ensure the ability to respond quickly to emergencies. This achieves the goal of prioritizing the reporting of critical information without compromising the fair allocation of resources.

[0108] Based on the above explanation of the forwarding tendency index and forwarding suppression index, the following will continue to discuss... Figure 1 Step S3 will be explained below:

[0109] S3. If the forwarding tendency index is greater than the forwarding suppression index, then the data to be forwarded in the data forwarding request will be forwarded.

[0110] It should be understood that when the forwarding tendency index is greater than the forwarding suppression index, it indicates that the actual resource reserve of the data acquisition unit is sufficient (i.e., it tends to transmit), and its used resources have not exceeded the planned expectations (i.e., it has not been suppressed). The two factors together determine the decision window for allowing transmission. It is determined that forwarding data at this time will not disrupt the stable allocation of overall bandwidth, so the forwarding operation is executed. Conversely, when the forwarding tendency index is less than or equal to the forwarding suppression index, it indicates that the unit either has insufficient remaining available traffic or has approached or exceeded its original resource quota. Continuing to transmit may lead to resource abuse or network congestion. Therefore, it is determined that forwarding is not suitable, and the request is rejected.

[0111] In the above embodiments, each step of the data transmission method has been explained and described. The following will combine... Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 The entire method is explained in detail.

[0112] like Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 As shown, the relay unit receives the data forwarding request initiated by the target data acquisition unit due to the detection event and immediately updates the timestamp, which represents the length of time that has passed within the current statistical period.

[0113] The relay unit continues to determine the event type: if it is an alarm event, alarm data is transmitted directly to ensure real-time uploading of emergency information; if it is a normal information event, the control process begins. The relay unit calculates the current threshold value (forwarding tendency index) and the decision threshold value (forwarding suppression index) for the event. The current threshold value reflects the ratio of used resources to available resources, while the decision threshold value is generated by combining reward / penalty factors and the remaining time ratio, reflecting historical behavior constraints. When the current threshold value is greater than the decision threshold value, information data transmission is initiated.

[0114] During transmission, the real-time timestamp is continuously monitored to see if it exceeds the statistical period. If the transmission is completed within the period, the reward and penalty factor is updated based on the comparison between the actual traffic used and the planned available traffic: if the usage exceeds the limit, it is set to 1.1 (raising the threshold for the next time), and if the usage does not exceed the limit, it is set to 0.9 (lowering the threshold). If the transmission is not completed but the period has ended, the timestamp is reset to 0, the reward and penalty factor is restored to 1, and the scheduling process for the next period is restarted.

[0115] like Figure 6 As shown, in complex environments such as substations where multiple data sources are transmitted concurrently, in addition to information reporting from sensor devices, the high-bandwidth data stream from video monitoring modules also puts significant pressure on network resources. Therefore, to achieve coordinated management of the overall communication load, the relay unit not only implements forwarding control based on a reward and punishment mechanism for the wireless data acquisition unit, but also adopts corresponding data management strategies for the wired access video monitoring module to balance the conflict between image quality and bandwidth usage.

[0116] Specifically, the relay unit establishes a wired transmission link within the area by connecting front-end cameras (e.g., dual-light high-definition bullet cameras, PTZ cameras, or infrared thermal imaging cameras), and pre-assigns priorities based on the importance of the areas monitored by each camera. These priorities are then weighted and normalized to form standardized parameters that can participate in bandwidth allocation calculations. Based on this, the relay unit dynamically allocates the communication resource quota available to each camera, combining the current total available bandwidth and the priority weight of each channel.

[0117] The relay unit adjusts the image encoding parameters of the front-end cameras, including resolution, frame rate, and bit rate, based on the allocation results. For high-priority areas (e.g., main transformer rooms, switchgear areas), the resolution and frame rate are appropriately increased to ensure monitoring clarity; while for low-priority or routine inspection areas, the bit rate is appropriately reduced or a variable bit rate strategy is adopted.

[0118] In this way, the priority-guided bandwidth allocation mechanism tilts limited network resources toward key areas, avoiding the congestion risk caused by simultaneous uploading of full HD video while ensuring that the image quality of important scenes meets business requirements, thus achieving overall optimization of image quality and bandwidth utilization.

[0119] Based on the same inventive concept as the data transmission method provided in this embodiment, this embodiment also provides a data transmission device, which includes at least one software functional module that can be stored in a memory or embedded in an electronic device. The processor in the electronic device is used to execute the executable module stored in the memory. For example, the software functional module and computer program included in the device. Please refer to... Figure 7 Functionally, the device may include:

[0120] The request receiving module is used to receive data forwarding requests from the target data acquisition unit, wherein the target data acquisition unit is one of multiple data acquisition units;

[0121] The forwarding indicator module is used to respond to data forwarding requests and obtain the current forwarding tendency indicator and forwarding suppression indicator of the target data acquisition unit.

[0122] The data forwarding module is used to forward the data to be forwarded in the data forwarding request if the forwarding tendency index is greater than the forwarding inhibition index.

[0123] In this embodiment, the request receiving module is used to implement Figure 1 In step S1, the forwarding indicator module is used to implement... Figure 1 In step S2, the data forwarding module is used to implement... Figure 1 Step S3 in the above process. Therefore, for a detailed description of each of the above modules, please refer to the specific implementation of the corresponding steps, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0124] Since it shares the same inventive concept as the data transmission method provided in this embodiment, the device can also implement other steps or sub-steps of the method through the above-described modules.

[0125] Optionally, the forwarding suppression metric is positively correlated with the current planned available traffic of the target data acquisition unit;

[0126] The forwarding tendency index is positively correlated with the current actual available traffic of the target data collection unit.

[0127] Optionally, the forwarding metrics module is also specifically used for:

[0128] Obtain the first ratio between the planned available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit;

[0129] The first ratio is adjusted using the current reward and punishment factors to obtain the forwarding suppression index. The reward and punishment factors represent the relationship between the actual available traffic of the target data collection unit and the planned available traffic of the previous forwarding after the previous forwarding.

[0130] Optionally, before obtaining the first ratio between the planned available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit, the forwarding metrics module is also used to:

[0131] Get the actual available traffic of the target data acquisition unit after the last forwarding for the target data acquisition unit, as well as the planned available traffic of the target data acquisition unit last time;

[0132] If the actual available traffic of the target data collection unit is greater than the planned available traffic after the last forwarding, then a value greater than 1 will be used as a reward or penalty factor.

[0133] If the actual available traffic of the target data collection unit is less than or equal to the planned available traffic of the previous time after forwarding to the target data collection unit, then a value less than 1 will be used as a reward or penalty factor.

[0134] Optionally, the forwarding metrics module is also specifically used for:

[0135] Obtain the second ratio between the current actual available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit;

[0136] The second ratio is used as an indicator of forwarding tendency.

[0137] Optionally, multiple data acquisition units are pre-assigned priorities, and the forwarding indicator module is also used for:

[0138] Obtain the total global traffic of multiple data acquisition units;

[0139] Based on the priority of the target data acquisition unit, the available total traffic of the target data acquisition unit is determined from the global total traffic.

[0140] Optionally, the forwarding tendency index is also positively correlated with the rate of change of the data collected by the target data collection unit, and the forwarding index module is also specifically used for:

[0141] Obtain the second ratio between the current actual available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit;

[0142] Based on the historical data collected by the target data acquisition unit and the data to be forwarded in the forwarding request, the rate of change of the data collected by the target data acquisition unit is obtained;

[0143] An enhancement factor that maps the rate of change to the second ratio;

[0144] The second ratio is adjusted using an enhancement factor to obtain the forwarding tendency index.

[0145] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.

[0146] It should also be understood that if the above embodiments are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0147] Therefore, this embodiment also provides a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the data transmission method provided in this embodiment. The storage medium can be any medium capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0148] This embodiment provides an electronic device for implementing the data transmission method provided in this embodiment. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device may include a processor 22 and a memory 21. The memory 21 stores a computer program, and the processor implements the data transmission method provided in this embodiment by reading and executing the computer program corresponding to the above-described embodiments from the memory 21.

[0149] See also Figure 8 The electronic device also includes a communication unit 23. The memory 21, processor 22 and communication unit 23 are electrically connected to each other directly or indirectly through system bus 24 to realize data transmission or interaction.

[0150] The memory 21 can be an information recording device based on any electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical principles, used to record execution instructions, data, etc. In some embodiments, the memory 21 can be, but is not limited to, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, memory drive, etc.

[0151] In some embodiments, the volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM); in some embodiments, the non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, etc.; in some embodiments, the storage drive may be a disk drive, solid-state drive, any type of storage disk (such as optical disc, DVD, etc.), or similar storage media, or a combination thereof.

[0152] The communication unit 23 is used to send and receive data over a network. In some embodiments, the network may include a wired network, a wireless network, a fiber optic network, a telecommunications network, an intranet, the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a Bluetooth network, a ZigBee network, or a near field communication (NFC) network, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the network may include one or more network access points. For example, the network may include wired or wireless network access points, such as base stations and / or network switching nodes, through which one or more components of the service request processing system can connect to the network to exchange data and / or information.

[0153] The processor 22 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities, and may include one or more processing cores (e.g., a single-core processor or a multi-core processor). By way of example only, the processor described above may include a Central Processing Unit (CPU), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an Application Specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Physics Processing Unit (PPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a microcontroller unit, a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) computer, or a microprocessor, or any combination thereof.

[0154] Understandable. Figure 8 The structure shown is for illustrative purposes only. Electronic devices may also have more advanced features. Figure 8 Showing more or fewer components, or having with Figure 8 The different configurations shown. Figure 8 The components shown can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof.

[0155] It should be understood that the apparatus and methods disclosed in the above embodiments can also be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings show the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this application. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0156] The above descriptions are merely various embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that, Applied to a relay unit, which is communicatively connected to multiple data acquisition units, the method includes: Receive a data forwarding request from a target data acquisition unit, wherein the target data acquisition unit is one of the plurality of data acquisition units; In response to the data forwarding request, a first ratio between the planned available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit is obtained; The first ratio is adjusted using the current reward and punishment factor to obtain the forwarding suppression index, wherein the reward and punishment factor represents the relationship between the actual available traffic of the target data collection unit and the planned available traffic of the previous forwarding after the previous forwarding for the target data collection unit; Obtain a second ratio between the current actual available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit; The rate of change of the data collected by the target data collection unit is obtained based on the historical data collected by the target data collection unit and the data to be forwarded in the data forwarding request. The rate of change is mapped to an enhancement factor for the second ratio using a mapping function, the expression of which is: ,in, To adjust the control parameters for the steepness of the curve, The rate of change; The second ratio is adjusted using the enhancement factor to obtain the forwarding tendency index; If the forwarding tendency index is greater than the forwarding suppression index, then the data to be forwarded in the data forwarding request will be forwarded.

2. The data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before obtaining the first ratio between the planned available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit, the method further includes: After the last time the target data acquisition unit was forwarded, the actual available traffic of the target data acquisition unit and the planned available traffic of the target data acquisition unit were obtained. If the actual available traffic of the target data collection unit is greater than the planned available traffic of the previous time after forwarding to the target data collection unit, then a value greater than 1 will be used as the reward / penalty factor. If the actual available traffic of the target data collection unit is less than or equal to the planned available traffic of the previous time after forwarding to the target data collection unit, then a value less than 1 will be used as the reward / penalty factor.

3. The data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple data acquisition units are pre-assigned priorities, and the method further includes: Obtain the total global traffic of the multiple data acquisition units; Based on the priority of the target data acquisition unit, the available total traffic of the target data acquisition unit is determined from the global total traffic.

4. A data transmission device, characterized in that, The device is applied to a relay unit, which is communicatively connected to multiple data acquisition units, and includes: A request receiving module is used to receive a data forwarding request from a target data acquisition unit, wherein the target data acquisition unit is one of the plurality of data acquisition units; The forwarding metric module is used to obtain a first ratio between the planned available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit; The first ratio is adjusted using the current reward and punishment factor to obtain the forwarding suppression index, wherein the reward and punishment factor represents the relationship between the actual available traffic of the target data collection unit and the planned available traffic of the previous forwarding after the previous forwarding for the target data collection unit; Obtain a second ratio between the current actual available traffic and the total available traffic of the target data acquisition unit; The rate of change of the data collected by the target data collection unit is obtained based on the historical data collected by the target data collection unit and the data to be forwarded in the data forwarding request. The rate of change is mapped to an enhancement factor for the second ratio using a mapping function, the expression of which is: ,in, To adjust the control parameters for the steepness of the curve, The rate of change; The second ratio is adjusted using the enhancement factor to obtain the forwarding tendency index; The data forwarding module is used to forward the data to be forwarded in the data forwarding request if the forwarding tendency index is greater than the forwarding inhibition index.

5. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the data transmission method according to any one of claims 1-3.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the data transmission method according to any one of claims 1-3.

Images