Photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device and method, by setting darkroom main body, installation support installed in darkroom main body, the center of darkroom top cover is opened around the circle division diameter scale line of the through hole, center rotating assembly or airtight blind plate is installed at the through hole, for installing laser source, or using basket installation gamma radioactive source;Installation support is made of installation disc and support bracket, and the circle division diameter scale line of installation disc corresponds with the circle division diameter scale line engraved on the upper surface of darkroom top cover;On the circle division diameter scale line of installation disc, a plurality of photomultiplier tube vertical installation hole position, photomultiplier tube horizontal installation compression ring, nuclear radiation detector installation compression ring are arranged;Realize that photomultiplier tube test can be carried out, also can be used as vacuum target chamber to carry out experimental measurement.The present application can improve the efficiency of scintillator detector packaging test, ensure the consistency of scale effect, meet the needs of a variety of application scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of nuclear radiation measurement technology, specifically relating to a photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is an instrument that converts weak light signals into electrical signals. Scintillators, when bombarded by particles such as protons, electrons, gamma rays, and neutrons, produce weak flashes of light. In nuclear physics experiments, a scintillator detector, composed of a photomultiplier tube coupled with a voltage divider circuit, can be used to measure radiation signals and obtain the desired physical parameters.

[0003] Before a physics experiment begins, the energy response of the detector needs to be calibrated, and the distance between the source and the detector must remain constant during the calibration process. Generally, when using an alpha source for detector calibration, a vacuum is required to prevent energy attenuation and scattering of alpha in the air. Photomultiplier tube (PMT) testing requires complete isolation from external ambient light. In neutron imaging, position readout can be achieved using four PMTs in conjunction with a pixel-segmented scintillator and a light guide; ensuring the consistency of gain across the four PMTs is crucial. Currently, the main method involves testing each detector individually, which is time-consuming and inefficient, unacceptable for large detector arrays. Furthermore, manufacturing more testing equipment would increase costs.

[0004] Currently, detector testing mainly involves small-scale, frequent testing, which suffers from low efficiency, difficulty in ensuring consistent testing conditions, and a lack of versatility, resulting in low usage frequency and poor economic efficiency. For large detector arrays with dozens to hundreds of detector modules, developing a multi-purpose, modular nuclear radiation detector testing device is essential. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a testing device and method for photomultiplier tubes and nuclear radiation detectors, which can improve the efficiency of scintillator detector packaging and testing, ensure the consistency of calibration results, and at the same time reduce costs as much as possible, so as to be able to perform photomultiplier tube testing and also be used as a vacuum target chamber for experimental measurements.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device, the device comprising:

[0007] The main body of the anechoic chamber is mainly assembled from a top cover, side walls, and a chassis. A through hole is formed at the center of the top cover, and equidistant diameter markings are engraved on the upper surface of the top cover around the through hole. A central rotating assembly or an airtight blind plate is installed at the through hole. The central rotating assembly includes an axial bearing and a laser source base. The laser source base is a hollow cylindrical structure used to install the laser source, or a γ-ray source can be installed using a basket. A vacuum interface is provided on the chassis.

[0008] The mounting bracket, installed inside the main body of the anechoic chamber, consists of a mounting plate and a support bracket. The support bracket is fixedly installed on the chassis of the anechoic chamber, and the mounting plate is installed on the top of the support bracket. The mounting plate is engraved with equally divided diameter lines, which correspond to the equally divided diameter lines engraved on the upper surface of the anechoic chamber top cover. Several vertical mounting holes for photomultiplier tubes, horizontal mounting rings for photomultiplier tubes, and mounting rings for nuclear radiation detectors are provided on the equally divided diameter lines of the mounting plate.

[0009] Install an airtight BNC through-wall double connector and an SHV connector on the anechoic chamber chassis at the locations corresponding to the equidistant diameter scale lines of the mounting plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the interior of the main body of the darkroom is entirely blackened.

[0011] Furthermore, the circular diameter division scale lines engraved on the upper surface of the darkroom top cover around the through hole are circular diameter division scale lines of sixteen equal parts, and are numbered 1-16.

[0012] Furthermore, the circular diameter division scale of the mounting plate is a circular diameter division scale of sixteen equal parts. Each circular diameter division scale of sixteen equal parts of the mounting plate is engraved with a scale with a division of 1mm and numbered 1-16.

[0013] Furthermore, a laser source mounting position is provided on the inner wall of the laser source base. When it is necessary to use the laser source to test the photomultiplier tube, the laser source is installed on the laser source mounting position. The current position of the laser is indicated by the relative position of the laser source mounting position and the circle with equally divided diameter scale lines engraved on the top surface of the darkroom.

[0014] Furthermore, when it is necessary to use a gamma radiation source to test a nuclear radiation detector, a basket containing the gamma radiation source is inserted from the top of the laser source base. The flange at the top of the basket is engaged with the top end face of the laser source base, and then the basket is fixed to the top end face of the laser source base with screws.

[0015] Furthermore, when it is necessary to test the nuclear radiation detector using an alpha radiation source, the central rotating assembly is disassembled, an airtight blind plate is installed at the through hole, and the alpha radiation source is installed at the center of the mounting plate for testing.

[0016] Furthermore, a removable light-shielding plate is installed between the vertical mounting hole of the photomultiplier tube, the horizontal mounting ring of the photomultiplier tube, and the mounting ring of the nuclear radiation detector.

[0017] Furthermore, the device is mounted on a mobile trolley, which is equipped with a vacuum system, which is a mechanical pump or a molecular pump unit; the vacuum system is connected to the vacuum interface on the chassis of the darkroom via pipelines.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for testing photomultiplier tubes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. Open the flange of the darkroom top cover, vertically install the photomultiplier tube to be tested into the vertical mounting hole of the photomultiplier tube on the mounting plate, connect the high voltage line and the signal line, and close the flange of the darkroom top cover.

[0020] S2. Rotating center rotating component: According to the circular diameter division scale line on the mounting plate corresponding to the photomultiplier tube under test, the light source is moved to the circular diameter division scale line on the upper surface of the corresponding dark chamber top cover, thereby moving the light source directly above a photomultiplier tube; turn on the laser drive source, emit laser to the photomultiplier tube according to a certain pattern, and record the photomultiplier tube signal energy information at the same time;

[0021] S3. Analyze the collected data to determine the gain curve of the photomultiplier tube;

[0022] S4. Rotating center rotating assembly, pointing the laser at different photomultiplier tubes for testing one by one;

[0023] S5. After calibration, turn off the high-voltage power supply, open the upper flange of the darkroom, take out the tested photomultiplier tubes, and install the next batch of photomultiplier tubes; close the top flange of the darkroom and start the next round of photomultiplier tube testing.

[0024] This invention also provides a testing method for a nuclear radiation detector, the method comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1. Open the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover, install the nuclear radiation detector to be tested onto the mounting plate through the nuclear radiation detector mounting ring, connect the high voltage line and signal line, and close the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover.

[0026] S2. Take out the basket, place the first γ-ray source in the basket, and put the basket containing the first γ-ray source back into the laser source base from the top of the laser source base. The flange at the top of the basket is locked on the top end face of the laser source base. Then, fix the basket to the top end face of the laser source base with screws.

[0027] S3. Start data acquisition and analyze the acquired data to determine the performance parameters of the nuclear radiation detector;

[0028] S4. Take out the basket, take out the first gamma radiation source, place the second gamma radiation source in the basket, and put the basket containing the second gamma radiation source back into the laser source base from the top of the laser source base to start the test of the second gamma radiation source.

[0029] S5. After the test is completed, turn off the high-voltage power supply, open the flange on the anechoic chamber, take out the tested nuclear radiation detector, and install the next batch of nuclear radiation detectors; close the flange on the top cover of the anechoic chamber and start the next round of nuclear radiation detector testing.

[0030] The present invention also provides a testing method for a nuclear radiation detector, the method comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1. Open the anechoic chamber top cover flange, remove the central rotating assembly, and install an airtight blind plate at the through hole; the nuclear radiation detector to be tested is horizontally installed on the mounting plate through the nuclear radiation detector mounting ring, and the high-voltage line and signal line are connected; the alpha radiation source is installed in the center of the mounting plate, and the anechoic chamber top cover flange is closed.

[0032] S2. Turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate the chamber. Once the darkroom reaches the predetermined vacuum level, begin data acquisition.

[0033] S3. Analyze the collected data to determine the performance parameters of the nuclear radiation detector;

[0034] S4. Open the vent valve to balance the air pressure in the darkroom with the atmosphere;

[0035] S5. After the test is completed, turn off the high-voltage power supply, open the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover, take out the tested nuclear radiation detector, and install the next batch of nuclear radiation detectors; close the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover and start the next round of nuclear radiation detector testing.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device and method provided by the present invention include a dark chamber body mainly assembled from a dark chamber top cover, dark chamber side walls, and a dark chamber chassis, and a mounting bracket installed inside the dark chamber body; the upper surface of the dark chamber top cover, around a through hole at the center, is engraved with equally divided diameter scale lines, and a central rotating component or an airtight blind plate is installed at the through hole; the central rotating component is used to install a laser source, or a γ-ray source is installed using a basket; the mounting bracket consists of a mounting plate and a support bracket, the support bracket is fixedly installed on the dark chamber chassis, and the mounting plate is installed on the top of the support bracket; the equally divided diameter scale lines of the mounting plate correspond to the equally divided diameter scale lines engraved on the upper surface of the dark chamber top cover; several vertical mounting holes for photomultiplier tubes, horizontal mounting rings for photomultiplier tubes, and mounting rings for nuclear radiation detectors are set on the equally divided diameter scale lines of the mounting plate.

[0037] The photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing apparatus and method provided by this invention can improve the efficiency of scintillator detector packaging testing. They utilize the same calibration source and perform tests under identical geometric conditions, ensuring consistent calibration results. The apparatus and method can test nuclear radiation detectors and photomultiplier tubes using gamma, neutron, alpha, and laser sources, meeting the needs of various application scenarios. Simultaneously, the invention minimizes costs, enables batch testing of photomultiplier tubes and nuclear radiation detectors, improves the consistency of testing conditions, and enhances testing accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, this invention can be used not only for photomultiplier tube testing but also as a vacuum target chamber for experimental measurements. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Wherein: 1—Laser source; 2—Laser source base; 3—Optical fiber; 4—Circle with sixteen equal divisions of diameter engraved on the upper surface of the anechoic chamber top cover; 5—Anechoic chamber top cover; 6—Anechoic chamber body; 7—Anechoic chamber base; 8—Central rotating assembly; 9—Mounting bracket; 10—Vertical mounting hole for photomultiplier tube; 11—Nuclear radiation detector mounting ring; 12—Nuclear radiation detector; 13—Horizontal mounting ring for photomultiplier tube. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "front face," "back face," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] To address the problems of low efficiency, difficulty in ensuring consistent test conditions, lack of versatility, low usage frequency, and poor economic efficiency in current detector testing, this invention aims to develop a multi-purpose modular nuclear radiation detector testing device for large detector arrays with dozens to hundreds of detector modules. This device improves the efficiency of scintillator detector packaging testing, uses the same calibration source, and performs tests under identical geometric conditions, ensuring consistent calibration results. It can test nuclear radiation detectors and photomultiplier tubes using gamma, neutron, alpha, and laser sources, meeting the needs of various application scenarios while minimizing costs. It allows for batch testing of photomultiplier tubes and nuclear radiation detectors, improving test condition consistency, accuracy, and efficiency. The device can be used for both photomultiplier tube testing and as a vacuum target chamber for experimental measurements.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device, the device mainly comprising:

[0044] The main body of the darkroom 6 is entirely blackened to prevent light reflection. The main body of the darkroom 6 is mainly assembled from the darkroom top cover 5, darkroom side walls, and darkroom chassis 7. The sides of the darkroom top cover flange, darkroom side wall flange, and darkroom chassis flange are engraved with installation alignment lines to facilitate the assembly of the darkroom top cover 5, darkroom side walls, and darkroom chassis 7 to form the darkroom main body 6.

[0045] A through hole is formed at the center of the darkroom top cover 5. The through hole is a circular through hole of appropriate size. A central rotating assembly 8 or an airtight blind plate is installed at the through hole. A circular sixteen-division diameter scale line 4 is engraved on the upper surface of the darkroom top cover around the through hole and numbered 1-16.

[0046] A central rotating assembly 8 is installed at the through hole. The central rotating assembly 8 consists of an axial bearing and a laser source base 2. The bearing is used to support the bottom of the laser source base 2, to support the rotation of the laser source base 2, and to ensure its rotational accuracy.

[0047] The laser source base 2 is a hollow cylindrical structure used to install the laser source 1, or to install the gamma radiation source using a basket.

[0048] Mounting bracket 9, installed inside the main body 6 of the darkroom, consists of a mounting plate and a support bracket. The support bracket is fixedly installed on the darkroom base 7, and the mounting plate is rotatably mounted on the top of the support bracket. The mounting plate is engraved with sixteen equal divisions of a diameter, which correspond to the sixteen equal divisions of a diameter engraved on the upper surface of the darkroom top cover. Each sixteen equal division of a diameter on the mounting plate is engraved with a 1mm scale and numbered 1-16.

[0049] On the sixteen-division diameter scale of the mounting plate, a number of vertical mounting holes 10 for photomultiplier tubes, horizontal mounting rings 13 for photomultiplier tubes, and mounting rings 11 for nuclear radiation detectors are provided. The nuclear radiation detector 12 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate through the nuclear radiation detector rings 11.

[0050] The anechoic chamber chassis 7 is equipped with four KF40 vacuum interfaces for connecting to a vacuum system, vent valve, and vacuum gauge tube. Sixteen airtight BNC through-wall double-pass connectors and sixteen SHV connectors are installed at appropriate positions on the anechoic chamber chassis 7, corresponding to the sixteen equal-division diameter scale lines on the mounting plate, to transmit signals from and power the nuclear radiation detector 12.

[0051] Specifically, a laser source mounting position is provided on the inner wall of the laser source base 2. When it is necessary to use the laser source 1 to test the photomultiplier tube, the laser source 1 can be installed on the laser source mounting position. The position of the laser can be indicated by the relative position of the laser source mounting position and the sixteen-division diameter scale line engraved on the upper surface of the darkroom top cover.

[0052] Optionally, a basket can be placed at the top of the laser source base 2. When it is necessary to use a gamma radiation source to test a nuclear radiation detector, the basket containing the gamma radiation source is placed from the top of the laser source base 2. The flange at the top of the basket is engaged with the top end face of the laser source base 2, and the basket is then fixed to the top end face of the laser source base 2 by screws.

[0053] Optionally, when it is necessary to use an alpha radiation source to test the nuclear radiation detector, the central rotating assembly 8 is disassembled, and an airtight blind plate is installed at the through hole. The airtight blind plate is a stainless steel disc with bolt mounting holes made on it according to certain specifications. Bolts are used to connect it to the corresponding screw holes on the top cover end face near the through hole. The connection surface is sealed with an O-ring. The alpha radiation source is then installed at the center of the mounting plate for testing.

[0054] In one specific embodiment, the main body 6 of the darkroom is a sealed cylindrical body.

[0055] Optionally, a removable light-shielding plate is installed between the vertical mounting hole 10 of the photomultiplier tube, the horizontal mounting ring 13 of the photomultiplier tube, and the mounting ring 11 of the nuclear radiation detector to avoid the influence of scattered light.

[0056] Optionally, the entire device is mounted on a mobile trolley equipped with four casters for easy movement. Space is reserved on the trolley for installing a vacuum system; the vacuum system can be configured with a mechanical pump (low vacuum) or a molecular pump unit (high vacuum), depending on actual needs. The vacuum system is connected via piping to four KF40 vacuum ports on the anechoic chamber chassis 7.

[0057] In one specific embodiment, an electronics system installation space is provided on the mobile vehicle for installing the electronics system; a power distribution unit (PDU) is provided on the mobile vehicle.

[0058] In another specific embodiment, a storage drawer is provided on the mobile trolley to facilitate the storage and use of the debugging and installation tools for the nuclear radiation detector 12.

[0059] The primary application of this invention is the batch testing of photomultiplier tubes and nuclear radiation detectors. The following examples further illustrate the specific implementation of this invention.

[0060] Example 1: Photomultiplier tube testing

[0061] (1) Open the top flange of the darkroom, vertically install one or more photomultiplier tubes to be tested into the vertical mounting holes 10 of the photomultiplier tubes on the mounting plate, connect the high voltage line and the signal line, and cover the top flange of the darkroom.

[0062] (2) Rotating center rotating component 8, according to the sixteen-division diameter scale line on the mounting plate corresponding to the photomultiplier tube under test, moves the light source to the sixteen-division diameter scale line on the upper surface of the corresponding dark chamber top cover, thereby moving the light source directly above a photomultiplier tube. Turn on the laser drive source and emit laser to the photomultiplier tube according to a certain pattern, while recording the photomultiplier tube signal energy information.

[0063] (3) Analyze the collected data to determine the gain curve of the photomultiplier tube.

[0064] (4) Rotate the center rotating component 8 to point the laser at different photomultiplier tubes for testing one by one.

[0065] (5) After calibration, turn off the high voltage power supply, open the upper flange of the dark chamber, take out the tested photomultiplier tubes, and install the next batch of photomultiplier tubes; cover the top flange of the dark chamber and start the next round of photomultiplier tube testing.

[0066] Example 2: Nuclear Radiation Detector Gamma Source Test

[0067] (1) Open the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover, install the nuclear radiation detector to be tested into a suitable fixed position on the mounting plate through the nuclear radiation detector mounting pressure ring 11, connect the high voltage line and signal line, and cover the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover.

[0068] (2) Take out the basket, place the first γ radiation source in the basket, and put the basket containing the first γ radiation source back into the laser source base 2 from the top of the laser source base 2. The flange at the top of the basket is locked on the top end face of the laser source base 2, and then the basket is fixedly installed on the top end face of the laser source base 2 by screws.

[0069] (3) Start data acquisition and analyze the acquired data to determine the performance parameters of the nuclear radiation detector.

[0070] (4) Take out the basket, take out the first γ radiation source, place the second γ radiation source in the basket, and put the basket containing the second γ radiation source back into the laser source base 2 from the top of the laser source base 2 to start the test of the second γ radiation source.

[0071] (5) After the test is completed, turn off the high voltage power supply, open the flange on the darkroom, take out the tested nuclear radiation detector, and install the next batch of nuclear radiation detectors; cover the flange on the top cover of the darkroom and start the next round of nuclear radiation detector testing.

[0072] Example 3: Nuclear Radiation Detector Alpha Source Test

[0073] (1) Open the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover, remove the central rotating assembly 8, and install an airtight blind plate at the through hole. The nuclear radiation detector to be tested is horizontally installed on the mounting plate at a suitable fixed position through the nuclear radiation detector mounting ring 11, and the high voltage line and signal line are connected; the alpha radiation source is installed at the center of the mounting plate, and the anechoic chamber top cover flange is closed.

[0074] (2) Turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate the chamber. Once the darkroom reaches the predetermined vacuum level, start data acquisition.

[0075] (3) Analyze the collected data to determine the performance parameters of the nuclear radiation detector.

[0076] (4) Open the vent valve to balance the air pressure in the darkroom with the atmosphere.

[0077] (5) After the test is completed, turn off the high voltage power supply, open the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover, take out the tested nuclear radiation detector, and install the next batch of nuclear radiation detectors; close the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover and start the next round of nuclear radiation detector testing.

[0078] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A testing device for a photomultiplier tube and a nuclear radiation detector, characterized in that, The device includes: The main body of the anechoic chamber is mainly assembled from a top cover, side walls, and a chassis. A through hole is formed at the center of the top cover, and equidistant diameter markings are engraved on the upper surface of the top cover around the through hole. A central rotating assembly or an airtight blind plate is installed at the through hole. The central rotating assembly includes an axial bearing and a laser source base. The laser source base is a hollow cylindrical structure used to install the laser source, or a γ-ray source can be installed using a basket. A vacuum interface is provided on the chassis. The mounting bracket, installed inside the main body of the anechoic chamber, consists of a mounting plate and a support bracket. The support bracket is fixedly installed on the chassis of the anechoic chamber, and the mounting plate is installed on the top of the support bracket. The mounting plate is engraved with equally divided diameter lines, which correspond to the equally divided diameter lines engraved on the upper surface of the anechoic chamber top cover. Several vertical mounting holes for photomultiplier tubes, horizontal mounting rings for photomultiplier tubes, and mounting rings for nuclear radiation detectors are provided on the equally divided diameter lines of the mounting plate. Install an airtight BNC through-wall double connector and an SHV connector on the anechoic chamber chassis at the locations corresponding to the circular bisector diameter scale lines of the mounting plate. The inner wall of the laser source base is provided with a laser source mounting position. When it is necessary to use the laser source to test the photomultiplier tube, the laser source is installed on the laser source mounting position. The current position of the laser can be indicated by the relative position of the laser source mounting position and the circle with equal diameter divisions marked on the upper surface of the darkroom top cover. When it is necessary to use a gamma radiation source to test a nuclear radiation detector, the basket containing the gamma radiation source is inserted from the top of the laser source base. The flange at the top of the basket is engaged with the top end face of the laser source base, and then the basket is fixed to the top end face of the laser source base with screws. When it is necessary to test the nuclear radiation detector using an alpha radiation source, the central rotating assembly is disassembled, an airtight blind plate is installed at the through hole, and the alpha radiation source is installed at the center of the mounting plate for testing.

2. The photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interior of the main body of the darkroom is entirely blackened.

3. The photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circular diameter division scale lines engraved on the upper surface of the darkroom top cover around the through hole are circular diameter division scale lines of sixteen equal parts, and are numbered 1-16.

4. The photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter scale of the mounting plate is divided into sixteen equal parts. Each of the sixteen equal parts of the diameter scale of the mounting plate is engraved with a scale with a division of 1mm and numbered 1-16.

5. The photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A removable light-shielding plate is installed between the vertical mounting hole of the photomultiplier tube, the horizontal mounting ring of the photomultiplier tube, and the mounting ring of the nuclear radiation detector.

6. The photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device is mounted on a mobile trolley, which is equipped with a vacuum system, which is a mechanical pump or a molecular pump unit; the vacuum system is connected to the vacuum interface on the chassis of the darkroom via pipelines.

7. A testing method for a photomultiplier tube, based on the photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Open the flange of the darkroom top cover, vertically install the photomultiplier tube to be tested into the vertical mounting hole of the photomultiplier tube on the mounting plate, connect the high voltage line and the signal line, and close the flange of the darkroom top cover. S2. Rotating center rotating component: According to the circular diameter division scale line on the mounting plate corresponding to the photomultiplier tube under test, the light source is moved to the circular diameter division scale line on the upper surface of the corresponding dark chamber top cover, thereby moving the light source directly above a photomultiplier tube. Turn on the laser driver and emit laser light into the photomultiplier tube according to a certain pattern, while recording the photomultiplier tube signal energy information; S3. Analyze the collected data to determine the gain curve of the photomultiplier tube; S4. Rotating center rotating assembly, pointing the laser at different photomultiplier tubes for testing one by one; S5. After calibration, turn off the high-voltage power supply, open the upper flange of the darkroom, take out the tested photomultiplier tubes, and install the next batch of photomultiplier tubes; close the top flange of the darkroom and start the next round of photomultiplier tube testing.

8. A testing method for a nuclear radiation detector, based on the photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Open the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover, install the nuclear radiation detector to be tested onto the mounting plate through the nuclear radiation detector mounting ring, connect the high voltage line and signal line, and close the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover. S2. Take out the basket, place the first γ-ray source in the basket, and put the basket containing the first γ-ray source back into the laser source base from the top of the laser source base. The flange at the top of the basket is locked on the top end face of the laser source base. Then, fix the basket to the top end face of the laser source base with screws. S3. Start data acquisition and analyze the acquired data to determine the performance parameters of the nuclear radiation detector; S4. Take out the basket, take out the first gamma radiation source, place the second gamma radiation source in the basket, and put the basket containing the second gamma radiation source back into the laser source base from the top of the laser source base to start the test of the second gamma radiation source. S5. After the test is completed, turn off the high-voltage power supply, open the flange on the anechoic chamber, take out the tested nuclear radiation detector, and install the next batch of nuclear radiation detectors; close the flange on the top cover of the anechoic chamber and start the next round of nuclear radiation detector testing.

9. A testing method for a nuclear radiation detector, based on the photomultiplier tube and nuclear radiation detector testing device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Open the anechoic chamber top cover flange, remove the central rotating assembly, and install an airtight blind plate at the through hole; the nuclear radiation detector to be tested is horizontally installed on the mounting plate through the nuclear radiation detector mounting ring, and the high-voltage line and signal line are connected; the alpha radiation source is installed in the center of the mounting plate, and the anechoic chamber top cover flange is closed. S2. Turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate the chamber. Once the darkroom reaches the predetermined vacuum level, begin data acquisition. S3. Analyze the collected data to determine the performance parameters of the nuclear radiation detector; S4. Open the vent valve to balance the air pressure in the darkroom with the atmosphere; S5. After the test is completed, turn off the high-voltage power supply, open the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover, take out the tested nuclear radiation detector, and install the next batch of nuclear radiation detectors; close the flange of the anechoic chamber top cover and start the next round of nuclear radiation detector testing.

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