Combination structure and implementation method of moving beam and pad beam for three-dimensional closed loading device

Abstract

This invention discloses a combined structure and implementation method of a moving beam and pad beam for a three-dimensional closed loading device, relating to the field of deep engineering physical model testing technology. The structure includes: a moving beam, a lifting cylinder, and a pad beam; the cylinder end of the lifting cylinder is mounted on the side of the top beam of the vertical loading frame; semi-guide sleeves and lifting cylinder rod adapter ears are provided at the four corners of the moving beam, with the lifting cylinder rod adapter ears connected to the piston end of the lifting cylinder; a modular dynamic actuator array is provided on the upper surface of the moving beam; a hydraulic locking cylinder is provided inside the semi-guide sleeve, and a toothed ratchet is provided on the copper-based alloy guide surface; the pad beam is located below the moving beam and above the bottom beam of the vertical loading frame, with its bottom mounted on a heavy-duty rail; heavy-duty lifting rollers and a servo drive motor are provided at the bottom of the pad beam, and stress sensors and strain sensors are provided at the top of the pad beam. This invention alleviates the technical problems of cumbersome and time-consuming loading and unloading processes and low testing efficiency in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of physical model testing technology for deep engineering, and in particular to a combination structure of moving beam and pad beam for a three-dimensional closed loading device and its implementation method. Background Technology

[0002] As deep mining, hydropower, transportation tunnels, oil and gas development, and geothermal development projects continue to extend into deeper areas, the frequency of disasters such as mine tremors, rock bursts, large-volume collapses, engineering earthquakes, and casing damage has increased significantly. To study the gestation mechanisms of these disasters and to achieve disaster monitoring, early warning, and dynamic control, large-scale three-dimensional similar material physical model tests are typically used to simulate the gestation process of deep engineering disasters. In these tests, a high-stiffness closed frame structure is often used to apply triaxial stress to the physical model specimen.

[0003] However, physical model specimens are typically large in size (5m×5m×5m) and heavy (approximately 400t), placing extremely high demands on the installation, disassembly, and movement of the specimens to the loading position in the testing methods. Existing technologies suffer from the following prominent problems: First, the loading and unloading process is cumbersome and time-consuming, heavily reliant on large hoisting equipment, making it difficult to guarantee positioning accuracy; second, uneven loading is prone to occur during installation, causing the specimen to bear non-uniform preload, thus affecting the initial test conditions; third, the violent impact at the moment of specimen failure can easily cause vibration of the loading frame, leading to a decrease in the quality of test data; fourth, large specimens are highly susceptible to interference with circumferential actuators or other loading components during the moving process, often requiring repeated manual hoisting and adjustment, which is not only inefficient but also poses a significant safety risk of instability under heavy loads. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the existing technology, this invention provides a combined structure of a moving beam and a pad beam for a three-dimensional closed loading device, along with its implementation method. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] On one hand, a combined structure of a moving beam and a pad beam for a three-dimensional closed loading device is provided, which is set in the middle of the vertical loading frame of the three-dimensional closed loading device of an ultra-large deep engineering disaster physical simulation facility. The combined structure includes: a moving beam, a lifting cylinder, and a pad beam; wherein, the cylinder end of the lifting cylinder is installed on the side of the top beam of the vertical loading frame through a lifting cylinder cylinder adapter lug; the moving beam is a box-shaped structure, and semi-guide sleeves and lifting cylinder cylinder rod adapter lugs are set at the four corners of the moving beam. The semi-guide sleeves are fitted on the copper-based alloy guide surface on the outside of the hollow column of the vertical loading frame, and the lifting cylinder cylinder rod adapter lugs are connected to the piston of the lifting cylinder. The end connection is as follows: The upper surface of the moving beam is provided with a hydraulic lifting track lifting mechanism and a modular dynamic actuator array. A sliding track for moving the physical model sample is provided above the hydraulic lifting track lifting mechanism. A hydraulic locking cylinder is provided inside the semi-guide sleeve, and a toothed ratchet is provided on the copper-based alloy guide surface. The hydraulic locking cylinder cooperates with the toothed ratchet. The pad beam is located below the moving beam and above the bottom beam of the vertical loading frame. The bottom of the pad beam is set on a heavy-duty track. A heavy-duty lifting roller and a servo drive motor are provided at the bottom of the pad beam, and a stress sensor and a strain sensor are provided at the top of the pad beam.

[0006] Optionally, the control system of the lifting cylinder adopts an electro-hydraulic proportional closed-loop control system, which integrates an automated hydraulic lock, and a displacement sensor is installed inside the lifting cylinder.

[0007] Optionally, the dynamic actuator array is disposed on the upper surface of the moving beam via a modular interface.

[0008] Optionally, the dynamic actuator array includes, but is not limited to, a 1×5 row dynamic perturbation array, an orthogonal 1×5 row dynamic perturbation array, and an orthogonal 3×5 array-type dynamic perturbation array.

[0009] Optionally, an adjustable wedge is provided on the inner side of the semi-guide sleeve for engaging with the copper-based alloy guide surface.

[0010] Optionally, the moving beam is an integral box-type structure cast using ZG20Mn.

[0011] Optionally, the pad beam is a high-strength steel structure.

[0012] Optionally, a safety locking cylinder is provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the pad beam, and the pad beam is rigidly locked to the moving beam and the bottom beam through the safety locking cylinder.

[0013] On the other hand, a method for implementing a combined structure of a moving beam and a pad beam for a three-dimensional closed loading device is also provided, including: using a proportional closed-loop displacement control lifting cylinder to lower the moving beam to the bottom beam position of the vertical loading frame; horizontally pushing the physical model sample to the upper surface of the moving beam and positioning it under the constraint of guide mechanisms on both sides of the moving beam; controlling the lifting cylinder to retract synchronously, lifting the moving beam and the physical model sample to the center position of the horizontal reaction frame of the three-dimensional closed loading device; using a servo drive motor to drive the pad beam to move along a heavy-duty track to the upper surface of the bottom beam, controlling the lifting cylinder to lower the moving beam until it is in complete contact with the pad beam; and performing a three-dimensional loading test on the physical model sample based on the three-dimensional closed loading device.

[0014] Optionally, after the three-dimensional loading test of the physical model specimen is completed based on the three-dimensional closed loading device, the method further includes: controlling the lifting cylinder to lift the moving beam and the physical model specimen to the center position of the horizontal reaction frame, restoring the gap between the moving beam and the pad beam; driving the pad beam to move from the upper surface of the bottom beam back into the pad beam pit based on the servo drive motor; and driving the moving beam to fall through the lifting cylinder to complete the specimen disassembly process.

[0015] This invention provides a combined structure and implementation method for a moving beam and pad beam in a three-dimensional closed loading device. Through mechanical structure design and advanced control strategies, it systematically solves the four core bottlenecks that restrict the development of physical simulation tests for ultra-large deep engineering projects: difficulty in installing and disassembling large physical model specimens, low positioning accuracy, excessive manual intervention, and limited equipment functionality. The invention has significant technical advantages and alleviates the technical problems of cumbersome and time-consuming loading and unloading processes and low efficiency in the testing process in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a moving beam and pad beam combination structure for a three-dimensional closed loading device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a moving beam provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, showing a moving beam equipped with a 1×5 row dynamic disturbance array;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, showing an orthogonal 1×5 row dynamic disturbance array mounted on a moving beam;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the moving beam equipped with an orthogonal 3×5 array dynamic disturbance array provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a pad beam provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an implementation method for a combined structure of a moving beam and a pad beam for a three-dimensional closed loading device, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Three-way closed loading device; 2. Vertical loading frame; 3. Lifting cylinder; 4. Top beam; 5. Physical model specimen; 6. Moving beam; 7. Pad beam; 8. Lifting cylinder barrel adapter; 9. Lifting cylinder rod adapter; 10. Copper-based alloy guide surface; 11. Semi-guide sleeve; 12. Adjustable wedge; 13. Hollow column; 14. Bottom beam; 15. Heavy-duty lifting roller; 16. Servo drive motor; 17. Heavy-duty track; 18. Hydraulic jacking track lifting mechanism; 19. Dynamic actuator array; 20. Hydraulic locking cylinder; 21. Toothed ratchet; 22. Modular interface; 23. 1×5 strip dynamic disturbance; 24. Orthogonal 1×5 strip dynamic disturbance; 25. Orthogonal 3×5 array dynamic disturbance; 26. Stress sensor; 27. Strain sensor; 28. Safety locking cylinder; 29. ​​Pad beam foundation pit; 30. Sliding track. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0027] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a moving beam and pad beam combination structure for a three-dimensional closed loading device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device is located in the middle of the vertical loading frame 2 of the three-dimensional closed loading device 1 in an ultra-large deep engineering disaster physical simulation facility. The combination structure includes: a moving beam 6, a lifting cylinder 3, and a pad beam 7; wherein...

[0029] The lifting cylinder 3 is an ultra-long stroke lifting cylinder. The cylinder end of the lifting cylinder 3 is installed on the side of the top beam 4 of the vertical loading frame 2 through the lifting cylinder cylinder adapter lug 8.

[0030] The moving beam 6 is a box-shaped structure. The four corners of the moving beam 6 are provided with semi-guide sleeves 11 and lifting cylinder rod adapter ears 9. The semi-guide sleeves 11 are fitted on the copper-based alloy guide surface 10 on the outside of the hollow column 13 of the vertical loading frame 2. The lifting cylinder rod adapter ears 9 are connected to the piston end of the lifting cylinder 3.

[0031] Preferably, the moving beam 6 is an integral box-type structure made of ZG20Mn casting.

[0032] A hydraulic locking cylinder 20 is provided inside the semi-guide sleeve 11, and a toothed ratchet 21 is provided on the copper-based alloy guide surface 10. The hydraulic locking cylinder 20 cooperates with the toothed ratchet 21.

[0033] The pad beam 7 is positioned below the moving beam 6 and above the bottom beam 14 of the vertical loading frame 2, with the bottom of the pad beam 7 resting on the heavy-duty track 17.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a moving beam according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, a hydraulic lifting track lifting mechanism 18 and a modular dynamic actuator array 19 are provided on the upper surface of the moving beam 6, and a sliding track 30 for moving the physical model sample 5 is provided above the hydraulic lifting track lifting mechanism 18.

[0035] Specifically, when installing the physical model specimen 5, the hydraulic lifting mechanism 18 is first used to raise the sliding rail 30 to prevent friction and wear between the physical model specimen 5 and the upper surface of the moving beam 6 or the dynamic actuator array 19 as it moves on the sliding rail 30. After the physical model specimen 5 is installed in place, the hydraulic lifting mechanism 18 is used to lower the sliding rail 30 so that the bottom of the physical model specimen 5 is in rigid contact with the upper surface of the moving beam 6, ensuring the test can proceed. Similarly, after the test is completed, the disassembly process of the physical model specimen 5 follows the reverse procedure, which will not be described in detail here.

[0036] Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 These are schematic diagrams illustrating the structure of a moving beam equipped with different dynamic actuator arrays, as provided in embodiments of the present invention. Figure 3-5As shown, the dynamic actuator array 19 includes, but is not limited to, a 1×5 row dynamic disturbance array 23, an orthogonal 1×5 row dynamic disturbance array 24, and an orthogonal 3×5 array dynamic disturbance array 25.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the dynamic actuator array 19 is mounted on the upper surface of the moving beam 6 via a modular interface 22.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, an adjustable wedge 12 is also provided on the inner side of the semi-guide sleeve 11 for cooperating with the copper-based alloy guide surface 10.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the moving beam 6, as the core load-bearing and moving component of the vertical loading frame system, adopts a ZG20Mn cast integral box structure. Internally, it is reinforced with grid-like stiffeners to ensure its bending stiffness and stability under a maximum load of 400t. The moving beam 6 integrates multiple key functional modules. It is equipped with a guiding system at its four corners consisting of semi-guide sleeves 11 and adjustable wedges 12, along with copper-based alloy guide surfaces 10 and forced lubrication, enabling precise lifting and lowering over ultra-long strokes and a smooth, jam-free lifting process. Multiple sets of hydraulic jacking rail lifting mechanisms 18 are arranged on the upper surface to support the transfer and positioning of the base of the dynamic disturbance actuator array 19 and the physical model sample 5. A hydraulic-mechanical double-insurance safety locking mechanism (toothed ratchet 21 + hydraulic locking cylinder 20) is built into each of the four corners, which can quickly trigger mechanical locking in the event of power failure or pressure loss to prevent accidental falls, meeting the requirements for high-precision loading and safety redundancy.

[0040] The working surface of the moving beam 6 integrates diverse actuator mounting interfaces, supporting flexible connection and maintenance of various types of auxiliary equipment. Its interface system adopts a modular layout, reserving standardized installation points (such as threaded holes and quick-change slots) for fixing safety locking cylinders, hydraulic drive units, and maintenance tools (such as array-type actuator maintenance devices). These interfaces support high-precision installation, ensuring coordinated operation between the actuators and the moving beam during dynamic loading. The interface design considers scalability, supporting rapid replacement of actuators of different specifications through compatibility adapters. Simultaneously, combined with health monitoring sensor interfaces (such as stress strain gauges), it enables real-time data acquisition and fault early warning, improving system reliability and maintenance efficiency.

[0041] The top surface of the moving beam 6 is equipped with a standardized modular interface 22, which can accommodate various dynamic actuator arrays, such as 1×5, two orthogonal 1×5 sets, or orthogonal 3×5. This design allows the moving beam to flexibly apply complex non-uniform dynamic disturbance loads according to experimental requirements. The four corners of the moving beam 6 are connected to the lifting cylinder 3 via lifting cylinder rod adapter lugs 9. In addition, a fall-prevention locking mechanism is provided between the moving beam 6 and the hollow column 13, which is used to momentarily engage and lock in the event of accidental pressure loss in the lifting cylinder to prevent it from falling.

[0042] Preferably, the pad beam 7 is a high-strength steel structure.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of a pad beam provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, the bottom of the pad beam 7 is equipped with heavy-duty lifting rollers 15 and servo drive motor 16, and the top of the pad beam 7 is equipped with stress sensor 26 and strain sensor 27.

[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, safety locking cylinders 28 are provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the pad beam 7, and the pad beam 7 is rigidly locked to the moving beam 6 and the bottom beam 14 through the safety locking cylinders 28.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, the pad beam 7 is the core load-bearing structure of the vertical loading frame. It is integrally cast from high-strength steel and has heavy-duty lifting rollers 15 and a servo drive motor 16 at its bottom. It can move horizontally along the preset heavy-duty track 17, thereby moving out of or into the core reaction force bearing area below the three-way closed loading device 1. The pad beam 7 is installed on the upper surface of the bottom beam 14 of the vertical loading frame 2, and achieves ultra-high precision displacement through the heavy-duty track 17 and the servo motor 16. During the test, the pad beam 7 is moved horizontally to below the moving beam 6 to eliminate gaps and form a closed-loop force system to transmit the test load of tens of thousands of tons.

[0046] The top of the pad beam 7 is equipped with stress sensors 26 and strain sensors 27, forming a distributed multi-source information sensing network for real-time monitoring of the uniformity of test loading data and capturing dynamic disturbance signals generated when the specimen fails. At the same time, the safety locking cylinders 28 integrated at the top and bottom of the pad beam 7 are installed through a dedicated interface. During the test, they extend and form a rigid lock with the moving beam 6 and the bottom beam 14 to jointly resist the impact load that may be caused by the failure of the specimen.

[0047] Preferably, the control system of the lifting cylinder 3 adopts an electro-hydraulic proportional closed-loop control system, which integrates an automated hydraulic lock, and a displacement sensor is installed inside the lifting cylinder 3.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, the lifting cylinder 3 serves as the core driving component of the moving beam 6. The cylinder end of the lifting cylinder 3 is mounted on the lifting cylinder cylinder adapter 8 on the outer side of the top beam 4 of the vertical loading frame 2, and the piston rod end of the lifting cylinder 3 is connected to the lifting cylinder rod adapter 9. The lifting cylinder 3 works in conjunction with the semi-guide sleeves 11 and adjustable wedges 12 at the four corners of the moving beam 6. The lifting cylinder 3 provides active driving force in the vertical direction, while the semi-guide sleeves 11 and adjustable wedges 12 constrain the posture of the moving beam 6, ensuring that the moving beam 6 rises and falls smoothly and accurately along the copper-based alloy guide surface 10 between the four hollow columns 13, preventing skewing or jamming.

[0049] Specifically, lifting cylinder 3 employs a four-cylinder synchronous hydraulic system to achieve precise lifting and lowering control of large-tonnage samples. Through proportional closed-loop displacement control technology, combined with real-time feedback of cylinder rod position from a high-precision displacement sensor, and dynamic adjustment of hydraulic flow by a PID controller, the four cylinders maintain millimeter-level synchronous accuracy during lifting / lowering. This design effectively eliminates off-center torque caused by sample center of gravity shift (such as in a 400t physical model), ensuring uniform motion of the moving beam. The four-cylinder lifting synchronization system integrates an automated hydraulic lock, which can actively suppress hydraulic pressure fluctuations during sample lifting and lowering, ensuring lifting stability from a control perspective and providing smooth power output for 400t-class samples. It can also instantly trigger the hydraulic lock (hydraulic control check valve) to lock the lifting cylinder oil circuit in case of oil circuit depressurization.

[0050] Meanwhile, the built-in hydraulic mechanical safety locking mechanism installed at the four corners of the moving beam, consisting of a toothed ratchet 21 and a hydraulic locking cylinder 20, instantly engages with the rack of the hollow column when a power failure or hydraulic failure is detected, achieving physical locking. The dual protection mechanism of automatic hydraulic lock and mechanical rack hard redundancy significantly improves the system's impact resistance, enabling it to withstand impact loads of tens of thousands of tons at the moment of sample failure.

[0051] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an implementation method of a combined moving beam and pad beam structure for a three-dimensional closed loading device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 As shown, the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0052] Step S702: Based on the proportional closed-loop displacement control, the lifting cylinder drives the moving beam to descend to the bottom beam position of the vertical loading frame.

[0053] In step S704, the physical model sample is horizontally pushed onto the upper surface of the moving beam and positioned under the constraint of the guide mechanisms on both sides of the moving beam.

[0054] Specifically, four lifting cylinders 3 are activated simultaneously. These cylinders employ a proportional closed-loop displacement control strategy to extend synchronously, driving the moving beam 6 to descend smoothly along the copper-based alloy guide surfaces 10 of the four hollow columns 13. Position information is fed back in real time by high-precision displacement sensors built into the lifting cylinders 3, and the hydraulic flow of each cylinder is dynamically adjusted by a PID controller to ensure that the moving beam 6 moves at a uniform speed until it lands on the upper surface (lower limit) of the bottom beam 14 of the vertical loading frame 2. Then, the physical model sample 5 is transferred to the anti-friction support roller assembly on the upper surface of the moving beam 6. Under the constraint of the guide mechanisms on both sides, the positioning accuracy can reach ±1mm.

[0055] Step S706: Control the lifting cylinder to retract synchronously, lifting the moving beam and physical model sample to the center position of the horizontal reaction frame of the three-dimensional closed loading device.

[0056] Specifically, the cylinder rods of the four lifting cylinders 3 retract synchronously, driving the moving beam 6 to lift the physical model sample 5 at a uniform speed, moving towards the sample loading position (upper limit) at the center of the three-way closed loading device 1. Throughout the lifting process, the anti-fall lock continuously monitors the system status. Once an abnormality such as loss of pressure in the lifting cylinder 3 or power failure in the electrical control system is detected, the anti-fall hydraulic locking cylinders 20 at the four corners of the moving beam 6 will be triggered instantly, their cylinder rods extending rapidly, driving the anti-fall pads to engage with the anti-fall high-strength racks on the hollow column 13, achieving mechanical hard locking and forming the first redundant protection against impact. At the same time, the automatic hydraulic lock (hydraulic control check valve) integrated in the lifting cylinder 3 serves as the second layer of protection, immediately acting to lock the oil circuit and prevent the beam from falling when the oil pressure is abnormal.

[0057] In step S708, the servo drive motor drives the pad beam to move along the heavy-duty track to the upper surface of the bottom beam, and the lifting cylinder controls the moving beam to descend until it is in complete contact with the pad beam.

[0058] Specifically, after the moving beam 6, carrying the physical model specimen 5, reaches its upper limit, the servo drive motor 16 of the reaction support beam 7 is activated. Driven by the servo drive motor 16, the support beam 7 moves horizontally along the heavy-duty track 17 from the support beam pit 29, and is finally precisely positioned on the upper surface of the bottom beam 14 of the vertical loading frame 2. Its positioning is ensured by a dual feedback system consisting of an encoder and a proximity switch. Subsequently, the four lifting cylinders 3 drive the moving beam 6 to slowly descend until the lower surface of the moving beam 6 is in complete contact with the upper surface of the support beam 7, eliminating all assembly gaps and forming a complete closed-loop force system, preparing for the subsequent transfer of the 10,000-ton-level test load.

[0059] Step S710: Perform a triaxial loading test on the physical model specimen based on the triaxial closed loading device.

[0060] During the test loading process, the distributed multi-source sensor network (strain sensor 26, strain sensor 27) integrated on the top of the pad beam 7 starts working, monitoring the uniformity of the test loading data in real time, and capturing the dynamic disturbance signal generated when the physical model specimen 5 fails. At the same time, the safety locking cylinders 28 at the top and bottom of the pad beam 7 extend and lock with the moving beam 6 and the bottom beam 14, which greatly enhances the rigidity of the entire frame and jointly resists the severe impact load that may be generated when the specimen fails, ensuring the safety of the test process and the continuity of data acquisition.

[0061] Specifically, the method provided in this embodiment of the invention, after the experiment is completed in step S710, further includes the following steps:

[0062] Step S711: Control the lifting cylinder to lift the moving beam and physical model sample to the center position of the horizontal reaction frame, and restore the gap between the moving beam and the pad beam.

[0063] Step S712: The pad beam is moved from the upper surface of the bottom beam back into the pad beam pit based on the servo drive motor.

[0064] Step S713: The lifting cylinder drives the moving beam to fall, completing the sample disassembly process.

[0065] Specifically, after the test, the lifting cylinder 3 first drives the moving beam 6 to slowly lift a short distance, restoring the gap between the moving beam 6 and the pad beam 7. Subsequently, the pad beam 7 moves along the heavy-duty track 17 under the drive of the servo drive motor 16, retracting into the pad beam pit 29. Next, the lifting cylinder 3 drives the moving beam 6 to lower the physical model sample 5 to the lower limit position on the bottom beam 14, and finally it is transported away by a transfer vehicle, completing the entire loading and unloading process.

[0066] The present invention provides a combined structure and implementation method for a moving beam and a pad beam for a three-dimensional closed loading device, which has the following technical advantages compared with the prior art:

[0067] 1. This invention achieves automated and high-precision loading and unloading of ultra-large samples, significantly improving experimental efficiency and safety: Traditional methods rely excessively on large hoisting equipment, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and has poor positioning accuracy. This invention constructs a complete fully automated sample loading and unloading structure through the coordinated operation of a moving beam, a support beam, and an ultra-long stroke lifting cylinder. The entire process of sample lifting, positioning, and loading requires no repeated intervention from large overhead cranes, reducing the loading, unloading, and alignment time from several days or even weeks to several hours, increasing efficiency by more than tenfold. Simultaneously, it avoids the significant safety risks associated with manual operation, achieving inherent safety through human-machine separation.

[0068] 2. Overcoming the challenges of high-precision synchronization and control under heavy loads, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of initial experimental conditions: Facing the harsh conditions of a 400-ton ultra-heavy load and a 5-meter ultra-long stroke, this invention employs a four-cylinder electro-hydraulic proportional closed-loop synchronization control system. Through real-time feedback from high-precision displacement sensors and PID dynamic adjustment, millimeter-level synchronization accuracy of the four cylinders is achieved, completely eliminating the risks of off-center loading, jamming, and structural damage caused by asynchrony. The copper-based alloy guide surface of the moving beam and the four-column guide system further ensure the smoothness and verticality of the lifting process. This precision control ensures high-precision alignment between the geometric center of the sample and the loading center, providing accurate and reliable initial conditions for the experiment, and greatly improving the quality and credibility of the experimental data.

[0069] 3. A dual-redundant fall protection safety system, combining hydraulic and mechanical components, was constructed, exhibiting strong impact resistance: To address the massive impacts (up to tens of thousands of tons) generated during sample failure, this invention features an unprecedented dual-redundant safety mechanism. The first layer is a hydraulic lock integrated into the lifting cylinder, which instantly locks in the event of oil circuit depressurization. The second layer is a mechanical ratchet locking mechanism (toothed ratchet + hydraulic locking cylinder) built into the four corners of the moving beam, which instantly engages with the column rack in the event of power or pressure loss, achieving physical hard locking. This effectively resists extreme impact loads, completely preventing potential beam fall accidents, protecting personnel and equipment safety, and meeting the ultra-high reliability requirements of ultra-large testing devices.

[0070] 4. Modular and integrated design, strong functional expandability, high equipment utilization and maintenance convenience: This invention is not a single-function loading device, but a multi-functional, platform-based testing system. The modular interface on the top surface of the moving beam supports the rapid deployment of various dynamic actuator arrays (such as 1×5, orthogonal 1×5, orthogonal 3×5, etc.), enabling flexible application of complex non-uniform disturbance loads. Simultaneously, the platform can also be used for the installation and disassembly of strip actuator arrays, truly achieving "one machine for multiple uses," greatly improving equipment utilization and return on investment. The distributed sensor network integrated into the pad beam can monitor load uniformity in real time and capture failure signals, providing rich data for testing and embodying the concept of intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0071] In summary, this invention, through mechanical structure design and advanced control strategies, systematically solves the four core bottlenecks that restrict the development of physical model specimen installation and disassembly for ultra-large deep engineering physical simulation tests: difficulty in installation and disassembly of large physical models, low positioning accuracy, excessive manual intervention, and limited equipment functionality. It has significant technical advantages, substantial economic and safety benefits, and a very broad prospect for promotion and application.

[0072] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the order of the above-mentioned process numbers does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0074] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, apparatuses, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0075] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0076] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0077] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0078] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A combined structure of a moving beam and a pad beam for a three-dimensional closed loading device, characterized in that, The vertical loading frame of the three-dimensional closed loading device is located in the middle of the ultra-large deep engineering disaster physical simulation facility; the combined structure includes: a moving beam, a lifting cylinder, and a pad beam; wherein... The cylinder end of the lifting cylinder is mounted on the side of the top beam of the vertical loading frame via a lifting cylinder cylinder adapter lug. The moving beam has a box-shaped structure. Semi-guide sleeves and lifting cylinder rod adapters are provided at the four corners of the moving beam. The semi-guide sleeves are fitted onto the copper-based alloy guide surface on the outside of the hollow column of the vertical loading frame. The lifting cylinder rod adapters are connected to the piston end of the lifting cylinder. The upper surface of the moving beam is provided with a hydraulic jacking track lifting mechanism and a modular dynamic actuator array. A sliding track for moving the physical model sample is provided above the hydraulic jacking track lifting mechanism. A hydraulic locking cylinder is provided inside the semi-guide sleeve, and a toothed ratchet is provided on the copper-based alloy guide surface. The hydraulic locking cylinder cooperates with the toothed ratchet. The pad beam is positioned below the moving beam and above the bottom beam of the vertical loading frame, with its bottom resting on a heavy-duty track. The bottom of the pad beam is equipped with heavy-duty lifting rollers and a servo drive motor, while the top of the pad beam is equipped with stress sensors and strain sensors.

2. The moving beam and pad beam combination structure for a three-dimensional closed loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control system of the lifting cylinder adopts an electro-hydraulic proportional closed-loop control system, which integrates an automated hydraulic lock, and a displacement sensor is installed inside the lifting cylinder.

3. The moving beam and pad beam combination structure for a three-dimensional closed loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic actuator array is mounted on the upper surface of the moving beam via a modular interface.

4. The moving beam and pad beam combination structure for a three-dimensional closed loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic actuator array includes, but is not limited to, any one of a 1×5 row dynamic perturbation array, an orthogonal 1×5 row dynamic perturbation array, or an orthogonal 3×5 array dynamic perturbation array.

5. The moving beam and pad beam combination structure for a three-dimensional closed loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An adjustable wedge is also provided on the inner side of the semi-guide sleeve for engaging with the copper-based alloy guide surface.

6. The moving beam and pad beam combination structure for a three-dimensional closed loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The moving beam is an integral box-type structure cast using ZG20Mn.

7. The moving beam and pad beam combination structure for a three-dimensional closed loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support beam is a high-strength steel structure.

8. The moving beam and pad beam combination structure for a three-dimensional closed loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Safety locking cylinders are provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the pad beam, and the pad beam is rigidly locked to the moving beam and the bottom beam through the safety locking cylinders.

9. A method for implementing the combined structure of a moving beam and a pad beam for a three-dimensional closed loading device as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The lifting cylinder, based on proportional closed-loop displacement control, lowers the moving beam to the bottom beam position of the vertical loading frame; The physical model sample is horizontally pushed onto the upper surface of the moving beam and positioned under the constraint of the guide mechanisms on both sides of the moving beam. The lifting cylinder is controlled to retract synchronously, lifting the moving beam and the physical model sample to the center position of the horizontal reaction frame of the three-dimensional closed loading device; The servo drive motor drives the pad beam to move along the heavy-duty track to the upper surface of the bottom beam, and the lifting cylinder controls the moving beam to descend until it is in complete contact with the pad beam. The physical model specimen was subjected to a triaxial loading test using a triaxial closed loading device.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, After the triaxial loading test on the physical model specimen based on the triaxial closed loading device is completed, the method further includes: The lifting cylinder is controlled to lift the moving beam and the physical model sample to the center position of the horizontal reaction frame, restoring the gap between the moving beam and the pad beam; The servo drive motor drives the pad beam to move from the upper surface of the bottom beam back into the pad beam foundation pit; The lifting cylinder drives the moving beam to fall, completing the sample disassembly process.

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