Response test method and device for soil layer deformation and tunnel stress in foundation pit excavation

By constructing a coupled similarity model and a dynamic coupled response model for geological tunnels, real-time monitoring and prediction of soil deformation and tunnel stress during foundation pit excavation were achieved, solving the synchronization and accuracy problems of traditional monitoring methods and improving the accuracy of engineering safety risk assessment.

CN121805017APending Publication Date: 2026-04-07NANNING RAIL TRANSIT CONSTR CO LTD +2
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202511705268.X
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-11-20
Publication Date
2026-04-07

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing technologies make it difficult to achieve real-time synchronous monitoring of soil deformation and tunnel stress during foundation pit excavation. Traditional monitoring methods have limited monitoring range and poor data synchronization, and cannot fully reflect the coupling mechanism between soil and tunnel, leading to difficulties in assessing engineering safety risks.

Method used

A coupled similarity model of a geological tunnel is constructed, embedding a hierarchical sensor array and a dynamic loading interface. Combined with multi-channel synchronous acquisition technology, a dual-branch network architecture and cross-branch attention mechanism are adopted. A dynamic coupled response model is constructed through a long short-term memory network to realize real-time monitoring and prediction of soil deformation and tunnel stress.

Benefits of technology

It enables comprehensive real-time monitoring of soil displacement and strain, tunnel stress and contact pressure, and excavation disturbance parameters, improving the accuracy of predicting the dynamic interaction between soil and tunnel, providing real-time risk warning for engineering construction, and optimizing engineering design schemes.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a response test method and device for soil layer deformation and tunnel stress in foundation pit excavation, and relates to the technical field of underground engineering tests. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring engineering geology and tunnel structure parameters, and constructing a geological tunnel coupling similarity model embedded with a layered sensing array; step-by-step excavation is adopted to simulate foundation pit construction, and soil layer displacement strain, tunnel stress contact pressure and excavation disturbance parameters are synchronously collected through multiple channels; constructing a deformation stress coupling prediction model and an excavation disturbance quantification model; and constructing a dynamic coupling response model based on the two, and outputting a dynamic coupling curve of soil layer deformation and tunnel stress. The device comprises a model box body, a data processing host and a display terminal, a layered sensing array, a dynamic loading device, a servo excavation mechanism and a multi-channel data acquisition instrument are arranged in the box body, and the whole test process integrated operation can be realized. According to the method, the dynamic coupling rule can be accurately captured, and technical support is provided for safety assessment and parameter optimization of underground engineering construction.
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