Method and apparatus for data representation based on codebook dictionary and data set model (GMM)
A sparse channel data representation method using a codebook dictionary and dataset modeling addresses the inefficiencies in processing high-dimensional CSI, enhancing channel estimation and reducing costs in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently processing high-dimensional channel state information (CSI) due to issues of low representation efficiency, high storage overhead, high transmission cost, and high computation complexity, particularly in scenarios involving large-scale antenna arrays and millimeter-wave/terahertz communication.
A sparse channel data representation method using a codebook dictionary and dataset modeling is employed to efficiently represent high-dimensional CSI, reducing storage, transmission, and processing costs while maintaining accuracy.
The method effectively reduces storage and transmission costs while ensuring accurate representation and analysis of high-dimensional CSI, facilitating improved channel estimation, feedback, prediction, and compression in wireless communication systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025073599_07052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DATA REPRESENTATION BASED ON CODEBOOK DICTIONARY AND DATA SET MODEL (GMM)CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 716,010 filed on November 4, 2024, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The application relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to methods and apparatuses for data representation based on codebook dictionary and data set model.BACKGROUND
[0003] With the maturity of 5G technologies and the development of more advanced technologies, wireless communication systems are advancing toward higher speeds, larger capacities, lower latency, and greater intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have gradually become essential technologies to achieve these goals. They are widely applied in various aspects, such as channel state information (CSI) feedback, beamforming, resource allocation, and mobility management, to improve network performance, spectral efficiency, and user experience.SUMMARY
[0004] One or more implementations of the present application provide communication methods and communication apparatuses. The techniques described in the application can improve the performance of data representation in wireless communication systems.
[0005] According to a first aspect, a method is provided. The method includes receiving a channel data model and generating synthetic data of channel information based on the channel data model.
[0006] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes transmitting a channel data model request, where the channel data model is received in response to the channel data model request.
[0007] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes receiving a reference model, where the synthetic data is generated further based on the reference model.
[0008] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes obtaining samples based on the channel data model; wherein the synthetic data is generated further based on the samples and the reference model.
[0009] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the channel data model includes at least one of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) , a Markov chain, a dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) , or a variational autoencoder.
[0010] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes using the synthetic data to generate a machine learning model for data transmission or reception.
[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes: receiving a configuration of sparse representation of the channel information; generating a sparse representation of the channel information based on the reference model; and transmitting the sparse representation of the channel information.
[0012] According to a second aspect, a method is provided. The method includes receiving a channel data model request and in response to the channel data model request, transmitting a channel data model.
[0013] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes transmitting a reference model associated with the channel data model.
[0014] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the channel data model includes at least one of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) , a Markov chain, a dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) , or a variational autoencoder.
[0015] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes transmitting a configuration of sparse representation of channel information and receiving a sparse representation of the channel information based on the reference model.
[0016] According to a third aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus is configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0017] According to a fourth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: a receiving unit configured to receive a channel data model; and a processing unit configured to generate synthetic data of channel information based on the channel data model.
[0018] According to a fifth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: a receiving unit configured to receive a channel data model request; and a transmitting unit configured to, in response to the channel data model request, transmit a channel data model.
[0019] According to a sixth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: one or more processors; and an interface circuit configured to receive a channel data model.
[0020] According to a seventh aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: one or more processors; and an interface circuit configured to: receive a channel data model request; and in response to the channel data model request, transmit a channel data model.
[0021] With reference to the sixth aspect or the seventh aspect, in some implementations, the interface circuit includes one or more transceivers.
[0022] According to an eighth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories. The one or more memories store instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0023] According to a ninth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a first apparatus configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect. The communication system further includes a second apparatus configured to perform the method according to the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0024] According to a tenth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium has instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0025] According to an eleventh aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product stores instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic illustration of an example communication system.
[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system.
[0028] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus in a communication system.
[0029] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus.
[0030] FIG. 5 illustrates another example apparatus.
[0031] FIGS. 6A-6B show example procedures for data collection.
[0032] FIGS. 7A-7B show example procedures for data collection based on a sounding reference signal.
[0033] FIG. 8 illustrates an example channel data collection procedure.
[0034] FIG. 9 shows an example reference model training process.
[0035] FIG. 10A illustrates an example of a reference model sharing process.
[0036] FIG. 10B illustrates an example of a data model learning process.
[0037] FIG. 11A illustrates an example of a reference model learning procedure.
[0038] FIG. 11B illustrates an example of a data model learning procedure.
[0039] FIG. 12A illustrates another example of a reference model learning procedure.
[0040] FIG. 12B illustrates another example of a data model learning procedure.
[0041] FIG. 13A and 13B illustrate examples of data model learning and transmission procedures.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] Future wireless communications systems (for example, 5G-Advanced and future networks) generally use technologies such as large-scale antenna arrays and millimeter-wave / terahertz communication. As a result, a dimension and a scale of channel state information (CSI) increase rapidly but present an inherent feature of sparseness.
[0043] Some channel data representation methods can have difficulty processing high-dimensional channel data effectively due to problems of low representation efficiency, high storage overhead, and high transmission cost.
[0044] A codebook dictionary can be used to quantize channel data into a limited number of codewords to implement compression representation. However, considering the training complexity of a downstream artificial intelligence (AI) task, even the data volume after compression is huge.
[0045] Dataset modeling can use statistical models to describe the distribution characteristics of channel data, but directly applying the dataset modeling to high-dimensional data can have problems of high model complexity and heavy computation.
[0046] AI-based channel model training may require a large amount of channel data. However, real channel data collection, storage, and transmission costs are high, and it is difficult to cover all possible channel environments.
[0047] The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to a method for efficiently representing channel data and generating synthetic data by using a codebook dictionary and data set modeling. The described techniques are applicable to scenarios in which high-dimensional channel data is to be processed and analyzed, for example, channel estimation, feedback, prediction, and compression, and downstream data-driven AI tasks.
[0048] A sparse channel data representation method based on a codebook dictionary and dataset modeling is provided. With reference to a compression representation capability of the codebook dictionary and a statistical description capability of dataset modeling, high-dimensional sparse channel data is efficiently, flexibly, and accurately represented, and storage, transmission, and processing costs are reduced.
[0049] In the present disclosure, CSI or CSI data is also called channel information or channel data, which refers to channel properties of a wireless communication link or channel. The CSI or the channel information describes how a signal propagates from a transmitter to a receiver. For example, the CSI can include signal strength, delay, and Doppler shift of the wireless communication channel. In some implementations, the CSI can represent the combined effect of, for example, scattering, fading, and power decay with distance.
[0050] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, the RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and comprises network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0051] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0052] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0053] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0054] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and 120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0055] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0056] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0057] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0058] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0059] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, or the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0060] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0061] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0062] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the foregoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0063] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of:connection availability and connection necessity.
[0064] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0065] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0066] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. In some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0067] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0068] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or more transceivers necessary to support such technologies and / or functions.
[0069] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0070] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0071] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0072] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0073] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0074] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0075] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0076] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0077] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0078] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore can also be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of an ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0079] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0080] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0081] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0082] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0083] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0084] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0085] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0086] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0087] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors / processor cores 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method implementations disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method implementations disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. In some implementations, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0088] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0089] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0090] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0091] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0092] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0093] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0094] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0095] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0096] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0097] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0098] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute implementations may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method implementations disclosed herein.
[0099] In this disclosure, the data or dataset referred to is specific to wireless communication systems using different radio access technologies, particularly focusing on channel-related data. For example, the data or dataset is channel data in a 3GPP based communication system, or the data or dataset is channel data in a wireless fidelity (WiFi) based system. This data can originate as raw channel estimation results or after undergoing various transformations, such as from time domain to frequency domain or to delay or spatial domains. Regardless of the transformation, this data remains closely associated with the channel.
[0100] This disclosure uses 3GPP-related data (i.e., channel data in the 3GPP based communication system) as an example for description.
[0101] Key characteristics of this 3GPP-related data include:
[0102] Large Data Volume: 3GPP channel data is vast, encompassing real-time communication statuses between user equipment and base stations. It includes various parameters like frequency, bandwidth, delay, fading, and power, all of which generate large-scale, continuously changing data streams.
[0103] Spatiotemporal Correlation: Data collected from close locations may be highly spatially correlated. Additionally, channel data, especially when impacted by user movement, tends to have temporal relationships due to the dynamic nature of channels.
[0104] Noise and Interference: Channel data often contains noise and interference, which needs to be addressed during processing.
[0105] Normalization for Data Consistency: After preprocessing and normalization, 3GPP-related data is more consistent compared to non-3GPP data, such as images, audio, or video. This consistency stems from the data being sourced from terminal devices and network equipment.
[0106] Single Source: The primary sources of 3GPP data are user equipment and network devices, typically from measurement results of these devices.
[0107] The AI / ML models apply to various downstream tasks in wireless communication systems, including CSI feedback, channel prediction, beamforming, and resource allocation. These tasks may be performed by different vendors, each utilizing models of varying sizes, structures, and training methodologies. While different devices / vendors may use the same datasets, they deploy their models based on specific needs and capabilities.
[0108] To illustrate how this disclosure addresses related challenges, the channel state information (CSI) compression and decompression processes are described as a representative example in the following sections.
[0109] Some issues and challenges are related to characteristics of 3GPP channel data.
[0110] 3GPP channel data, particularly channel state information (CSI) , has several key characteristics that make it highly compressible and suitable for AI modeling, while also presenting unique challenges.
[0111] 1. Compressibility: Wireless channels are not entirely random. Their behavior is governed by physical laws and environmental factors, leading to inherent redundancy and correlations in the data.
[0112] Spatial Correlation: Channel data between user equipment and base stations located close to each other tends to be similar.
[0113] Temporal Correlation: Channel state information changes gradually over short periods, meaning that data collected at adjacent time points is strongly correlated.
[0114] Sparsity: In specific transform domains (e.g., the delay or angle domain) , channel data is often sparse, with most data values being zero or near zero. This property allows for efficient compression, which reduces storage and transmission burdens.
[0115] These characteristics arise from the propagation properties of wireless channels, which are described by Maxwell’s equations-aset of partial differential equations (PDEs) . PDE solutions are typically smooth and regular, meaning that changes in CSI follow predictable physical laws rather than occurring randomly. As a result, channel data can be effectively compressed by transforming high-dimensional data into lower-dimensional representations, such as codewords or feature vectors. This reduces storage, transmission, and processing costs.
[0116] 2. Environmental Dependency: Channel data depends heavily on the location, movement, and surrounding environment of the device. For instance, in urban environments, channels are more complex due to multipath effects, whereas in open areas, they are simpler. This implies that different environments require distinct codebook dictionaries or AI / ML models for effective data processing.
[0117] 3. Low Diversity: Compared to non-3GPP data, such as images or text, channel data has lower diversity. After normalization, the structure of 3GPP data is more uniform, making it an ideal candidate for constructing codebook dictionaries, which enable AI models to adapt more accurately to specific channel environments.
[0118] The following Table I summarizes the key differences between 3GPP channel data and general AI big model training data, such as images or text. Table I
[0119] These key differences highlight the unique characteristics of 3GPP channel data and explain why traditional AI model training and deployment methods cannot be directly applied to wireless communication systems.
[0120] In the following paragraphs, the possible solutions will be described.
[0121] In some implementations, a statistical model is created for dataset representation using the codebook dictionary.
[0122] The codebook dictionary is constructed based on sparse channel data, where each codeword (or basic vectors) represents a typical channel feature or pattern. Some examples are listed below.
[0123] 1. In some implementations, a dictionary learning algorithm (for example, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) ) is used to obtain an overcomplete dictionary from the training data to ensure certain sparse representation. The dictionary learning algorithm can also be used as a codebook dictionary.
[0124] The base station can collect the data from UEs and learns the dictionary.
[0125] In some implementations, a database (DB) network manager (also called a DB) collects the data from UEs or base stations (BSs) and construct a reference model. This reference model may be a codebook dictionary, a sparse representation of the dataset, a machine learning model, or, generally, a pair of functions mapping from channel data to a latent variable space, and from the latent variable space back to the channel data. The latent variable space may be sparse.
[0126] In some implementations, device vendors can share their datasets with a DB. The DB can refer to a network device configured to coordinate the dictionary generation method. This can be performed over wireless communications, wired communication, or any other form of data transmission. The DB receives and stores the dataset from multiple device vendors. In one implementation, the DB may be a BS, in which case the BS receives datasets from multiple UEs and / or other BSs and / or other network nodes. In another implementation, the DB may be a core network, where the core network receives datasets from multiple BSs and / or UEs and / or other network nodes.
[0127] 2. Data set modeling: In some implementations, statistical models can be used to model the probability distribution of codeword indices or codeword combinations. Some examples of the statistical models include:
[0128] Gaussian mixture model (GMM) : A probability distribution of a codeword index or a codeword combination is represented as a mixture of multiple Gaussian distributions.
[0129] Markov chain: A Markov chain model is used to describe the time sequence correlation between codeword indices or codeword combinations.
[0130] DMD: Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is used to model the time, space or frequency sequence correlation between codeword indices or codeword combinations.
[0131] The statistical models described in the present disclosure can also be referred to as data models or channel data models.
[0132] In some implementations, the data model can include a variational autoencoder. The variational autoencoder can refer to a type of deep learning model used for unsupervised learning. The variational autoencoder is a probabilistic generative model that can extend traditional autoencoders by incorporating principles from Bayesian inference, which makes this model suitable for tasks involving dimensionality reduction and generation of new data that resembles a given dataset.
[0133] 3. Sparse channel data representation: Channel data can be represented as an index or combination of codewords in a codebook dictionary, and a probability distribution of the index or combination of codewords is described by using a dataset model.
[0134] In some implementations, for each channel data sample, the codeword or combination of codewords that best match it can be found.
[0135] In some implementations, a codeword index or combination, and corresponding probability information (e.g., GMM parameters, Markov chain transfer probability matrix) can be stored or transmitted.
[0136] 4. Synthetic data generation: Based on the constructed codebook dictionary and dataset model, synthetic channel data can be generated for training and evaluation of downstream AI tasks.
[0137] In some implementations, a codeword index or combination can be sampled based on the dataset model.
[0138] In some implementations, corresponding codewords can be obtained from the codebook dictionary according to the sampled codeword index or combination, and the codewords can be combined into channel data.
[0139] In some implementations, a network device (such as base station) collects a dataset from at least one first network node (such as UE) , where the dataset indicates channel status related to the at least one network node. The network device can represent the dataset using a codebook dictionary and an associated sparse representation consisting of M first coefficients, where the first sparse representation is expressed as a weighted combination of the M coefficients corresponding to M basic vectors in the first codebook dictionary. M is a positive integer.
[0140] Further, the network node expresses the dataset by a model-of-data, which is also call dataset modeling, where the model-of-data describes a statistical distribution and / or inherent channel patterns of the M coefficients in the sparse representation.
[0141] The procedure for synthetic data generation includes at least one of the following steps:
[0142] Step 1. The device (such as a UE) reports channel data (such as channel estimation) to the DB (such as a base station) .
[0143] FIGS. 6A-6B show example procedures 600a and 600b for the UE or the BS to perform data collection, in particular the CSI collection. The procedure 600a in FIG. 6A is for a periodic channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) , and the procedure 600b in FIG. 6B is for an aperiodic CSI-RS.
[0144] FIGS. 7A-7B show example procedures 700a and 700b for the BS to perform data collection, in particular the channel data based on a sounding reference signal (SRS) . The procedure 700a in FIG. 7A is for a periodic SRS, and the procedure 700b in FIG. 7B is for an aperiodic SRS.
[0145] In some implementations, a DB can perform data collection. For example, a device (e.g., a UE or a BS) reports the dataset; accordingly, the DB receives the dataset.
[0146] FIG. 8 illustrates an example channel data collection procedure 800. The procedure 800 can be performed by a DB 802 to collect channel data from a device 801. The device 801 can be a UE or a BS. While the procedure 800 is described with reference to a DB and a UE or a BS, this description is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting. In practice, the procedures can be applied to other instances of network nodes and terminal devices or equivalents thereof. It is understood that steps or operations shown in the procedure are not exhaustive and that other operations can be performed as well before, after, or between any of the illustrated operations. Further, some of the steps or operations may be omitted, performed simultaneously, or performed in a different order than those shown in FIG. 8.
[0147] As shown in FIG. 8, the signaling between a network device (such as the DB 802) and devices (e.g., UE / BS 801) for collecting channel data is as follows.
[0148] At 803, the DB 802 can transmit configuration information to the device 801. Accordingly, the device 801 can receive the configuration information from the DB 802. For example, the DB 802 communicates associated parameters and transmission configurations to the UE / BS 801. The configuration information can include granularity information. The granularity information can be a quantity of resources for channel estimation, antennas / antenna pairs, or resource elements (REs) that can be used for UL Sounding Reference Signals (SRS) . In some implementations, the granularity information can include a quantity of REs that are used for aggregate or average the channel estimation. For example, granularity information being 10 means that the channel estimation results performed on 10 different REs can be aggregated or averaged, and the average value of the channel estimation on the 10 different REs is reported by the UE to the BS. This approach can allow the UE to report the channel estimation in an efficient way.
[0149] In detail, at the outset, the system, represented by the DB 802 or network infrastructure, deliberates upon the granularity requisite for the UEs to transmit their UL Sounding Reference Signals (SRS) for the measurement of one or multiple, or all contiguous units of a UL MIMO channel. Subsequently, the DB communicates and schedules the UEs to transmit the SRS based on an initial reference signal placement scheme.
[0150] At 804, the DB 802 can prepare one or more reference signals (e.g., when the DB 802 is a BS) or instruct a BS to prepare the one or more reference signals based on the configuration information.
[0151] At 805, the DB 802 can transmit the reference signal (s) to the UE (e.g., when the DB 802 is a BS) or instruct the BS to transmit the reference signal (s) to the UE. For example, the DB 802 can send the reference signal (s) over a physical DL channel to the UE.
[0152] In some implementations, the DB 802 broadcasts or multicasts the reference signal (s) .
[0153] In some implementations, the DL channel may be a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) .
[0154] At 806, the device 801 can obtain channel information based on the configuration information and the reference signal. When the device 801 is a UE, the device 801 can perform channel estimation using the configuration information and the reference signal. When the device 801 is a BS, the device 801 can receive the channel estimation from a UE.
[0155] At 807, the device 801 can transmit channel information to the DB 802. When the device 801 is the UE, the device 801 can transmit the channel estimation to a BS. When the device 801 is the BS, the device 801 can forward the channel estimation (e.g., received from a UE) to the DB 802.
[0156] In some implementations, before transmitting the channel information to the DB 802, the UEs can transmit the SRSs in adherence to the prescribed granularity, and the DB 802 can engage in estimating the received signals. Concurrently, the DB 802 endeavors to discern the common basis and optimal reference signal placement concerning granularity for a unit and applies Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) over the evolution of units to compute the dynamic mode across the contiguous units for the UL channel from each UE. Upon acquisition of the requisite data, the DB 802 notifies the UEs regarding the learned reference signal placement scheme and the common basis. The DB 802 transmits the dynamic modes and a low-dimensional representation of the estimated UL channel, denoted as c, obtained from one UE's SRS to the respective UE. The UE, in turn, reconstructs the UL channel, computes the precoding matrix, and applies it to the uplink transmission.
[0157] Step 2. The DB can construct a dictionary or a reference model called Ψ. FIG. 9 shows an example of a reference model training process.
[0158] As shown in FIG. 9, the DB utilizes the stored dataset to train a reference model Ψ. In some implementations, this reference model Ψ may be a codebook dictionary, a sparse representation of the dataset, a machine learning model, or, generally, a pair of functions mapping from channel data to a latent variable space, and from the latent variable space back to the channel data. The latent variable space may be sparse.
[0159] Step 3. The DB can learn a data model Ω.
[0160] FIG. 10A illustrates an example of a reference model sharing process, and FIG. 10B illustrates an example of a data model learning process. As shown in FIG. 10A, a DB 1002 (for example a BS) shares a reference model Ψ with network devices (e.g., UEs 1001 as shown in FIG. 10A) . In some implementations, the network devices can be BSs or a combination of UEs and BSs. The DB 1002 can share the reference model Ψ with the UEs 1001 by using signaling 1003. The signaling 1003 can include broadcast based signaling, multicast based signaling, unicast based signaling or any combination thereof.
[0161] After receiving the reference model Ψ, the network devices (e.g., the UEs 1001) can generate sparse representation 1004 of channel information, for example, by applying the reference model Ψ to the channel information. The network devices can transmit the sparse representations 1004 of the channel information to the DB 1002.
[0162] As shown in FIG. 10B, the DB 1002 can then generate a data model Ω after collecting enough sparse representations 1004 of the channel information from the network devices 1001. In some implementations, the DB 1002 can transmit this data model Ω to the network devices 1001.
[0163] FIG. 11A illustrates an example of a reference model learning procedure 1100a, and FIG. 11B illustrates an example of a data model learning procedure 1100b. The procedures 1100a and 1100b provide an overall method that describes Steps 1-3. The procedures 1100a and 1100b can be performed by a BS and UEs. As shown in FIG. 11A, network devices (e.g., UEs) 1101 can transmit channel estimation 1103 to a DB (e.g., a BS) 1102. The BS 1102 can learn a dictionary or a reference model Ψ. Then the BS 1102 can share the reference model Ψ with the UEs 1101 by using signaling 1104.
[0164] As shown in FIG. 11B, after receiving the reference model Ψ, the UEs 1101 can generate sparse representation 1105 of channel information, for example, by applying the reference model Ψ to the channel information. The UEs 1101 can transmit the sparse representations 1105 of the channel information to the DB 1102. The BS 1102 can then generate a data model Ω after collecting enough sparse representations 1105 of the channel information from the UEs 1101. The BS 1102 can transmit this data model Ω and / or the reference model Ψ to the UEs 1101 by using signaling 1106. After receiving the data model Ω, the UEs 1101 can generate synthetic data of the channel information based on the data model Ω. The UEs 1101 can generate the desired amount of the synthetic data for further analysis or training purposes. For example, the UEs can use the synthetic data to generate a machine learning model for data transmission or reception. The data model Ω is also referred to as a channel data model Ω.
[0165] In FIGS. 11A and 11B, the signaling 1104 and 1106 can include broadcast based signaling, multicast based signaling, unicast based signaling, dedicated signaling, or any combination thereof.
[0166] FIG. 12A illustrates an example of a reference model learning procedure 1200a, and FIG. 12B illustrates an example of a data model learning procedure 1200b. The procedures 1200a and 1200b provide an overall method that describes Steps 1-3. The procedures 1200a and 1200b can be performed by a DB, BSs, and UEs. As shown in FIG. 12A, network devices (e.g., UEs 1201 and BSs 1202) can transmit channel estimation 1204 to a DB 1203. The DB 1203 can learn a dictionary or a reference model Ψ. Then the DB 1203 can share the reference model Ψ with the UEs 1201 and the BSs 1202 by using signaling 1205.
[0167] As shown in FIG. 12B, after receiving the reference model Ψ, the UEs 1201 and the BSs 1202 can generate sparse representation 1206 of channel information, for example, by applying the reference model Ψ to the channel information. The UEs 1201 and the BSs 1202 can transmit the sparse representations 1206 of the channel information to the DB 1203. The DB 1203 can then generate a data model Ω after collecting enough sparse representations 1206 of the channel information from the UEs 1201 and the BSs 1202. The DB 1203 can transmit this data model Ω and / or the reference model Ψ to the UEs 1201 and the BSs 1202 by using signaling 1207. After receiving the data model Ω, the UEs 1201 and the BSs 1202 can generate synthetic data of the channel information based on the data model Ω. The UEs 1201 and the BSs 1202 can generate the desired amount of the synthetic data for further analysis or training purposes. For example, the UEs 1201 and the BSs 1202 can use the synthetic data to generate a machine learning model for data transmission or reception.
[0168] In FIGS. 12A and 12B, the signaling 1205 and 1207 can include broadcast based signaling, multicast based signaling, unicast based signaling, dedicated signaling, or any combination thereof.
[0169] FIG. 13A illustrates an example of a data model learning procedure 1300a. The procedure 1300a can be performed by a DB 1302 to collect channel data (e.g., channel estimation) from a device 1301. The procedure 1300a can be an implementation of the procedure 800 of FIG. 8. The DB 1302 can be an example of the DB 802 of FIG. 8, and the device 1301 can be an example of the device 801 of FIG. 8. In this example, the DB 1302 is a BS, and the device 1301 is a UE. FIG. 13A shows signaling between the DB 1302 (e.g., also referred to as the BS 1302) and the device 1301 (e.g., also referred to as the UE 1301) for learning a data model. The UE 1301 can be referred to as a sensing UE, which is a network device that is used to collect data for the training step.
[0170] Operation 1303-1307 can be similar to, or same as operations 803-807 of FIG. 8, respectively.
[0171] For example, at 1303, the BS 1302 can transmit configuration information to the UE 1301. Accordingly, the UE 1301 can receive the configuration information from the BS 1302. For example, the BS 1302 communicates associated parameters and transmission configurations to the UE 1301.
[0172] At 1304, the BS 1302 can prepare one or more reference signals.
[0173] At 1305, the BS 1302 can transmit the reference signal (s) to the UE 1301. For example, the BS 1302 can send the reference signal (s) over a physical DL channel to the UE 1301.
[0174] At 1306, the UE 1301 can obtain channel information based on the configuration information and the reference signal. For example, the UE 1301 can perform channel estimation using the configuration information and the reference signal.
[0175] At 1307, the UE 1301 can transmit the channel data (e.g., the channel estimation) to the BS 1302.
[0176] At 1309, the BS 1302 can collect data from multiple sensing UEs. In other words, the operations 1303-1307 can be applied to the BS 1302 and other sensing UEs. At 1309, the BS 1302 can combine the channel data received from the multiple sensing UEs.
[0177] At 1310, the BS 1302 can learn a dictionary (e.g., a reference model Ψ) based on the channel data from the multiple sensing UEs.
[0178] At 1311, the BS 1302 can transmit the reference model Ψ to the UE 1301 (and other sensing UEs) . For example, the BS 1302 can broadcast the reference model Ψ to the sensing UEs.
[0179] At 1312, the UE 1301 can generate a sparse representation (S) of the channel information. The UE 1301 can determine the sparse representation by applying the reference model Ψ to the channel information between the UE 1301 and the BS 1302.
[0180] At 1313, the UE 1301 can transmit the sparse representation S to the BS 1302.
[0181] At 1314, after receiving the sparse representation from the UE 1301 (as well as other sensing UEs) , the BS 1302 (or other types of network vendors) then learns a data model (Ω) on the sparse representations of the channel information. In some implementations, the data model Ω includes at least one of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) , a Markov chain, a dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) , or a variational autoencoder.
[0182] FIG. 13B illustrates an example of a data model transmission procedure 1300b. The procedure 1300b can be performed by a DB (e.g., the BS 1302 of FIG. 13A) and a device 1315. In some implementations, the device 1315 can be the UE 1301 (e.g., a sensing UE) of FIG. 13A. Alternatively, the device 1315 can be a UE different from the UE 1301 (also referred to as a new UE) . FIG. 13B shows signaling between the BS 1302 and the UE 1315 for transmitting the data model Ω (also referred to as a channel data model) .
[0183] At 1316, the UE 1315 can send a data model request (also referred to as a channel data model request) to the BS 1302. Accordingly, the BS 1302 receives the data model request from the UE 1315.
[0184] At 1317, the BS 1302 can prepare the data model Ω and / or the reference model Ψ for transmission.
[0185] At 1318, the BS 1302 can transmit the data model Ω to the UE 1315 in response to the data model request received at 1316. Accordingly, the UE 1315 can receive the data model Ω from the BS 1302 (e.g., in response to the data model request) . In some implementations, the BS 1302 can transmit information representing the data model Ω to the UE 1315. For example, the information can include a matrix. In another example, the information can include parameters of a machine learning model, such as a type of the machine learning model and coefficients of different layers of the machine learning model. In some implementations, the information can include a combination of the above described examples.
[0186] In some implementations, the BS 1302 can further transmit the reference model Ψ to the UE 1315. For example, the data model Ω and the reference model Ψ can be transmitted in the same message at 1318. Alternatively, the data model Ω and the reference model Ψ can be transmitted by using separate messages. In some implementations, the BS 1302 can broadcast the data model Ω and the reference model Ψ to the UE 1315 as well as other UEs. Alternatively, the BS 1302 can transmit the data model Ω and / or the reference model Ψ to the UE 1315 using a suitable dedicated channel.
[0187] At 1319, the UE 1315 can generate synthetic data of channel information based on the data model Ω. The synthetic data can be simulated data that represents the channel information. For example, the synthetic data can be a vector. In some implementations, the UE 1315 can generate the synthetic data further based on the reference model Ψ. The UEs can generate the desired amount of the synthetic data for further analysis or training purpose using the dictionary (e.g., Ψ) and the data model (e.g., Ω) .For example, the UEs can use the synthetic data to generate a machine learning model for data transmission or reception. For example, the machine learning model can be used for CSI transmission, compression, and decompression processes.
[0188] The process of generating synthetic data at the UE side is described as follows.
[0189] In some implementations, the generation of the synthetic data can include obtaining samples (S) based on the data model Ω.The samples can be in the form of a sparse representations of the channel information. For example, after receiving the data model and the dictionary, the UE can generate the sparse representation of the data using the data model Ω.
[0190] In some implementations, the generation of the synthetic data can further include generating the synthetic data based on the samples and the reference model Ψ (e.g., by multiplying the samples and the reference model Ψ) .
[0191] Having the sparse representation of the data and the dictionary, the UE can then provide sufficient channel data for analysis and training purposes (e.g., for training the machine learning model for data transmission or reception) .
[0192] For example, a LASSO-based dictionary and GMM data model can be used to obtain samples S.
[0193] S = GMM (Ω) .
[0194] Then the synthetic data can be determined or generated using the samples and the reference model Ψ.
[0195] Synthetic data Hsynth=Ψ*S.
[0196] In some implementations, this synthetic data can be used for channel data compression purposes such as pivot-based QR decomposition, which includes the following steps:
[0197] 1. Using the training data (hsynth) to generate Ubasis.
[0198] 2. Calculate θ from Ubasis.
[0199] 3. Sample htest to make ysample.
[0200] 4. Find Ctest from ysample and θ.
[0201] 5. Transmit Ctest to a base station.
[0202] 6. The base station can calculate from Ctest and Ubasis.
[0203] While the procedures 1300a and 1300b are described with reference to a BS and a UE, this description is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting. In practice, the procedures can be applied to other instances of network nodes and terminal devices or equivalents thereof. It is understood that steps or operations shown in the procedures are not exhaustive and that other operations can be performed as well before, after, or between any of the illustrated operations. Further, some of the steps or operations may be omitted, performed simultaneously, or performed in a different order than those shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B.
[0204] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0205] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0206] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0207] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0208] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0209] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0210] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0211] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0212] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the other programmable data processing device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0213] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A method comprising:receiving a channel data model; andgenerating synthetic data of channel information based on the channel data model.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:transmitting a channel data model request, and wherein the channel data model is received in response to the channel data model request.3.The method of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising:receiving a reference model, and wherein the synthetic data is generated further based on the reference model.4.The method of claim 3, further comprising:obtaining samples based on the channel data model, and wherein the synthetic data is generated further based on the samples.5.The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the channel data model comprises at least one of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) , a Markov chain, a dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) , or a variational autoencoder.6.The method of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising:using the synthetic data to generate a machine learning model for data transmission or reception.7.The method of any one of claims 3-6, further comprising:receiving a configuration of sparse representation of the channel information;generating a sparse representation of the channel information based on the reference model; andtransmitting the sparse representation of the channel information.8.A method, comprising:receiving a channel data model request; andin response to the channel data model request, transmitting a channel data model.9.The method of claim 8, further comprising:transmitting a reference model associated with the channel data model.10.The method of claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the channel data model comprises at least one of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) , a Markov chain, a dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) , or a variational autoencoder.11.The method of claim 9 or claim 10, further comprising:transmitting a configuration of sparse representation of channel information; andreceiving a sparse representation of the channel information based on the reference model.12.An apparatus, configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7 or any one of claims 8-11.13.An apparatus comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive a channel data model; anda processing unit configured to generate synthetic data of channel information based on the channel data model.14.An apparatus comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive a channel data model request; anda transmitting unit configured to, in response to the channel data model request, transmit a channel data model.15.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit configured to receive a channel data model.16.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit configured to:receive a channel data model request; andin response to the channel data model request, transmit a channel data model.17.The apparatus of claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.18.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7 or any one of claims 8-11.19.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7 and a second apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 8-11.20.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7 or any one of claims 8-11.21.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7 or any one of claims 8-11.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Channel state feedback with dictionary learning
US20240049023A1
Communication method and apparatus
US20240137082A1
Providing channel state information (CSI) feedback
WO2023028976A1
Signaling for dictionary learning techniques for channel estimation
WO2024020709A1
Methods for online training for devices performing ai / ML based CSI feedback
WO2024030410A1