Method for designing and shaping architectural crystal material ornaments

Abstract

The application discloses a crystal material building decoration product design and forming method, which comprises the following steps: constructing a digital model of a crystal material building decoration product in three-dimensional modeling software; extracting topological data of the digital model through a script program; analyzing the topological data by using a process parameter conversion tool, and calculating core process parameters of each surface based on the analysis result, the core process parameters being a swing angle θ, a rotation angle φ, a center distance d and the center distance d; then, based on characteristic parameters of a grinding machine, further calculating processing parameters suitable for the grinding machine through a parameter mapping relationship, the processing parameters being a processing height h, a retreat amount Δh, a slow feed amount δ, a residence time t and a slow feed speed v, and finally generating a process file suitable for the grinding machine; and importing the process file into the grinding machine to perform processing, so that a crystal material building decoration product consistent with the digital model is obtained. The application solves the problems of low efficiency and low processing precision of a traditional process.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of crystal ornament processing. BACKGROUND

[0002] The processing flow of traditional crystal material building crafts usually manually decomposes the process steps by process engineers according to design drawings: first, the process path of the grinding process is planned according to the size marked on the drawing combined with the technical parameters of the grinding machine (such as the spindle stroke and the speed range); then the process parameters (such as the swing angle θ, the rotation angle φ and the center distance d) required for grinding each surface are determined by manual calculation, which depends on the experience formula and geometric characteristics (such as the normal vector and the radius of curvature) of the engineers; finally, the calculation results are manually input into the grinding machine controller, and the grinding machine executes the program to complete the grinding forming. However, the traditional process has significant defects: the process of manually marking the model section, calculating the process parameters and inputting the data is time-consuming and lengthy, and depends on the experience of engineers, making it difficult to quickly respond to design changes; manual calculation is easily affected by subjective judgment bias (such as normal vector estimation error), and there is a risk of typing errors when manually inputting data, which ultimately leads to process parameter deviation and affects processing accuracy; at the same time, there is no systematic mapping of process parameters and grinding machine characteristic parameters (such as spindle stiffness and tool path limitations), which is easy to cause equipment abnormalities or processing failures due to parameter over-limiting. SUMMARY

[0003] The application provides a crystal material building ornament design forming method and a grinding machine, which solves the problems of low traditional process efficiency and low processing accuracy.

[0004] In a first aspect, a crystal material building ornament design forming method includes: constructing a digital model of a crystal material building ornament in a three-dimensional modeling software; extracting topological data of the digital model through a script program, the topological data including: upper / lower half division information of split processing, layered structure, geometric characteristics of each surface and vertex coordinates; using a process parameter conversion tool to analyze the topological data, and calculating core process parameters of each surface based on the analysis results: swing angle θ, rotation angle φ and center distance d, the center distance d being the vertical distance from the boundary contour of the digital model to the rotation axis; then further calculating processing parameters adapted to the grinding machine based on the grinding machine characteristic parameters through a parameter mapping relationship: processing height h, retreat amount Δh, slow-in amount δ, dwell time t and slow-in speed v, and finally generating a process file adapted to the grinding machine; importing the process file into the grinding machine to perform processing, and obtaining a crystal material building ornament consistent with the digital model.

[0005] In some examples, the process of processing the topological data by the script program comprises: spatial analysis and boundary reference establishment: establishing a horizontal boundary reference plane of the digital model of the crystal building decoration to be processed by calculating the boundary contour of the digital model; data structure construction: creating an XML document, establishing a root node, writing the size parameters of the digital model as data elements or attributes into the root node or its child nodes, and establishing independent child nodes as containers for storing topological data related to the crystal building decoration to be processed; geometric data processing: traversing all faces of the digital model, calculating the geometric center coordinates of each face, clustering faces based on the longitudinal coordinates, and classifying faces with the same longitudinal coordinates into the same level; after arranging all levels in descending order of longitudinal coordinates, distributing the levels to corresponding containers according to the preset horizontal boundary reference plane; recording the topological structure of each face layer by layer, and storing the three-dimensional coordinate information of each vertex; standardized data output: outputting and storing the processed geometric data.

[0006] In some examples, the process parameter conversion tool loads the XML document and parses the topological data.

[0007] In some examples, the processed geometric data is assembled into a formatted string according to the XML Schema specification, written into an XML document, and stored in a storage medium.

[0008] In some examples, the script program first detects whether there is a valid active document in the modeling software, and then locates the digital model and performs geometric validity verification.

[0009] In the second aspect, a grinding machine comprises a spindle, a cutter, a rotating table, a moving platform, and a controller, wherein the controller is configured with a process file generated by the crystal building decoration design and forming method, and the controller controls the grinding machine to process the crystal building decoration based on the process file.

[0010] In some examples, the controller drives the spindle and the rotating table to execute the grinding process layer by layer and face by face according to the instructions of the process file.

[0011] In some examples, a pressure sensor for monitoring the polishing state is installed on the fixing seat between the rotating table and the moving platform, and the controller is configured to dynamically adjust the cutter feed amount based on the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor to compensate for the machining precision deviation caused by wear.

[0012] In some examples, the controller is configured to perform the following steps: before processing starts, measuring the pressure value F0 of the pressure sensor as an initial contact force reference; during processing, measuring the pressure value F of the pressure sensor in real timem When F m > F0+1 kgf, it is determined as an effective polishing state; otherwise, it is determined as a non-contact state; in the effective polishing contact state, the controller performs time integration on the real-time pressure value F m , and the integral value reflects the cumulative effect of tool wear; based on the integral value, the tool feed rate is corrected in real time to compensate for the machining precision deviation caused by wear.

[0013] In some examples, the tool handle and the grinding wheel base are designed as a continuous, homogeneous integrated rigid structure.

[0014] The present application aims at the processing needs of multi-surface crystal material building decorations, and innovatively proposes a full-process solution from a design model to a finished product: by embedding a special script program in a three-dimensional modeling software, topological data of the model is extracted and a standardized intermediate file is generated; after the intermediate file is parsed by a parameter conversion tool, process parameters suitable for the characteristics of the grinding machine are calculated, and finally a process file in a special format recognizable by the processing equipment is generated. The process file is automatically executed after being transmitted to the equipment through a U disk, eliminating the traditional manual parameter calculation and manual input link. The present application uses a special tool with an integrated tool handle and grinding wheel, and realizes rapid forming processing of crystal crafts through integrated control of the grinding and punching processes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a multi-surface crystal schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present application.

[0016] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a part of the topological structure of the multi-surface crystal model.

[0017] Figure 3 is an interface of a process parameter conversion tool in an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an integrated tool handle grinding wheel in an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a grinding machine in another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Crystal material building decorations usually have a three-dimensional structure with multiple cutting surfaces, such as Figure 1 a spherical decorative piece. It should be emphasized that the form of such decorations is not limited to spheres, but can also adopt various geometric forms such as squares, cones, and rhombuses. During the modeling stage, a designer can construct a digital model of a crystal decoration through a three-dimensional modeling software such as FreeCAD, and extract topological data of the model through a script program. As Figure 2As shown, the topology data contains key parameters such as upper / lower part division information, model hierarchy, geometric characteristics of each face, and vertex coordinates.

[0021] For example, the spherical model as shown is introduced as an example of its topology. The model is divided into an upper part (northern hemisphere) 61 and a lower part 62, each hemisphere containing a variable number of layers 63, each layer 63 containing a variable number of faces 64, such as face 1, face 2 in layer 1, and each face containing a variable number of vertices 65. Figure 1

[0022] The process of the script program processing the topology data of the crystal decoration model is described in detail below.

[0023] Step 1, initialization verification

[0024] The script program first detects whether there is a valid active document in the modeling software, and then locates the crystal decoration model (named "MultiFacetedSphere" by default in the FreeCAD environment). To ensure the reliability of subsequent processing, the script program will perform a geometric validity verification, such as checking whether the model has self-intersecting faces, open structures, etc.

[0025] Step 2, spatial analysis and division reference establishment

[0026] The size parameters (such as length x width x height) of the digital model are obtained by calculating the BoundBox, which are used as reference for subsequent processing. According to the type of decoration, it is determined whether to implement upper and lower part division: for symmetric structures (such as spheres), the script program automatically establishes a horizontal division reference surface; for asymmetric structures, the division strategy is dynamically determined according to design requirements.

[0027] Step 3, data structure construction

[0028] An XML document is created, and a root node is established. The model size parameters are written as metadata elements or attributes in the root node or its child nodes. For the upper and lower part division requirement, independent child nodes are established as containers, and storage space is reserved for each part to record the corresponding geometric parameters and processing information in the future.

[0029] Step 4, geometric data processing

[0030] All faces of the digital model are traversed, and the geometric center coordinates of each face are calculated, with special attention to the Z-axis coordinate value.

[0031] Based on the Z coordinate, face clustering is performed (with a precision threshold of 0.0001 mm), and faces with the same coordinate are classified into the same level. For example Figure 1 Faces 1 and 2 in layer 1 have the same Z coordinate value and are classified into the same layer.

[0032] ​After all levels are arranged in descending order of Z coordinate, the levels are assigned to corresponding partial containers according to preset demarcation criteria.

[0033] The topological structure of each face is recorded layer by layer, and the three-dimensional coordinate information (X / Y / Z) of each vertex is accurately stored.

[0034] Step 5, standardized data output

[0035] The topological data is assembled into a formatted string according to the XML Schema specification, written into an XML document, and stored in a suitable storage medium (such as a file system or a database).

[0036] The above script program can be written in Python language.

[0037] After the process parameter conversion tool loads the XML document storing the topological data of the crystal decoration model, it first parses the topological data and calculates the core process parameters of each face based on the parsing results: swing angle θ, rotation angle φ, and center distance d (the vertical distance from the model boundary to the rotation axis); then, based on the characteristics of the grinding machine (such as spindle height, stroke range, etc.), the machining parameters adapted to the grinding machine are further calculated through parameter mapping relationships: machining height h, setback amount Δh, slow-in amount δ, dwell time t, and slow-in speed v. All parameters need to be strictly checked to ensure that they are within the working range of the grinding machine, such as the swing angle not exceeding the safety threshold and the center distance meeting the rotation axis stroke constraint. Finally, the process file (proprietary format) adapted to the grinding machine is generated and imported into the grinding machine for processing.

[0038] The process parameter conversion tool can be implemented based on programming languages familiar to those skilled in the art. The specific calculation process of the core process parameters and the machining parameters adapted to the grinding machine belongs to conventional technology in the art, and the specific calculation method is not described in detail here. Figure 3 The interface of the process parameter conversion tool is shown.

[0039] As shown in Figure 4 The cutter for processing crystal material building decorations of the present application adopts an integrated tool holder grinding wheel structure, in which the flat grinding wheel and the tool holder are integrally formed. The grinding wheel 1 includes a tool holder 11, a grinding wheel column 12, and a grinding wheel cover 13, which are integrally formed. The tool holder 11 has a conical structure, and its taper design conforms to the ISO 7388-1 international standard. The diamond abrasive layer 14 is solidified on the surface of the grinding wheel cover 13 through a traditional process, forming a grinding assembly with high precision and stability.

[0040] In the traditional process, the T-shaped flat grinding wheel is fixed on the tool holder by clamping, and then the tool holder is installed into the main shaft. Since the clamping force is mainly transmitted by friction, it is difficult to completely offset the cutting force and vibration generated during grinding, which easily leads to micro-slippage or vibration of the grinding wheel, and thus cannot guarantee the strict perpendicularity of the grinding wheel end face to the main shaft axis and the concentricity of the grinding wheel outer circle to the main shaft axis.

[0041] The present application significantly improves the overall bending and torsional stiffness by designing the tool holder and the grinding wheel base as a continuous, homogeneous integrated rigid structure. This design can more effectively resist grinding force (especially tangential force and radial force) and high-frequency vibration, and has stronger ability to suppress chatter, thereby realizing more stable and higher load grinding process. In the processing of crystal artware, this design realizes high-precision and low-vibration grinding and punching integrated operation, and is also conducive to building an efficient and standardized production line.

[0042] Figure 5 A grinding machine is shown. As shown in Figure 5 , the grinding machine includes a tool (grinding wheel) 1, a main shaft 2, a rotating table 3, a moving platform 4, and a controller. The rotating table 3 has a swing platform 31 and a rotary platform 32. The rotary platform 32 is located on the swing platform 31. The swing platform can swing back and forth, and the rotary platform 32 can rotate horizontally. The specific driving motor is not shown in the figure. The crystal material 6 to be processed is placed on the rotary platform 32. The tool 1 is installed on the main shaft 2 and faces the rotary platform 32.

[0043] The present application improves the control method of the controller. In order to cooperate with the control of the controller, pressure sensors 5 are installed on the four fixed seats between the rotating table 3 and the moving platform 4, and based on this, a grinding wheel wear dynamic compensation method based on time-pressure integral (TPI) is proposed. The core of this method is:

[0044] 1. Contact state determination:

[0045] Before processing starts, measure the pressure value (F0) of the pressure sensor as the initial contact force reference.

[0046] During processing, the pressure value (F m ) is monitored in real time. When F m > (F0+1 kgf), it is determined to be an effective grinding state; otherwise, it is determined to be a non-contact state (such as the grinding wheel being suspended or slipping).

[0047] 2. Wear estimation and compensation

[0048] Wear estimation and compensation: In the effective grinding contact state, the controller performs time integration on the real-time pressure value F m ( ), which reflects the cumulative effect of the grinding wheel wear, i.e. as the main basis for estimating the grinding wheel wear.

[0049] The grinding wheel feed is corrected in real time based on the integral value to compensate for the machining precision deviation caused by wear. Specifically, the height h of the grinding wheel wear caused by grinding an object for 10 minutes under a pressure of 100 KG is recorded, and the height of the wear per second under a pressure of 1 KG is h / (60*10*100) millimeters. The wear amount is linearly related to the integral of the pressure and time. After a grinding step is completed, the grinding wheel feed is corrected in time to compensate for the machining precision deviation caused by wear.

[0050] The mechanism realizes the online estimation and dynamic compensation of the grinding wheel wear by sensing the effective contact force in real time and quantifying the wear effect, and significantly improves the machining precision and process stability.

[0051] The crystal handicraft processing adopts a split processing mode, divides the multi-surface crystal body into two independent processing areas, manages the processing surfaces in each area according to a row-column matrix, and each surface contains the following process parameters:

[0052] Coarse / fine grinding parameters: swing angle θ, rotation angle φ, processing height h, retreat amount Δh, slow feed amount δ, dwell time t, and slow feed speed v.

[0053] Hole drilling parameters: If hole drilling is required, the hole diameter, depth, and direction parameters are embedded in the XML file corresponding to the surface data, and are synchronized to the device process file by the conversion tool.

[0054] The controller drives the drive motors of the main shaft, swing platform, and rotation platform row by row and surface by surface to execute the grinding process. After completing the grinding of a single surface, the grinding machine automatically triggers the grinding wheel wear compensation based on the integral of the real-time pressure and effective grinding time, until the global processing is completed; the cooling water system is strictly started and stopped in linkage with the grinding / hole drilling action, forming a solution that integrates high-precision processing, dynamic wear compensation, and process closed-loop control.

[0055] The following describes the xml document and the standardized process file format by taking a spherical crystal material building decoration as an example.

[0056] The generated xml document has a fixed number of 2 hemispheres (North / South), each hemisphere contains a variable number of layers (Layer), each layer contains a variable number of surfaces (Face), and each surface contains a variable number of vertices (Vertex); a hierarchical identification system is used, the layer ID format is [hemisphere prefix]_[layer index] (such as North_0), the surface ID format is [layer ID]-[surface index] (such as North_0-0), and the vertex ID is the local number in the surface (0-N).

[0057] ​Document structure as follows:

[0058] <polyhedron>

[0059] <object dimensions>

[0060] <length>...< / length>

[0061] <width>...< / width>

[0062] <height>...< / height>

[0063] < / object dimensions>

[0064] <hemisphere name="north hemisphere">

[0065] <layer id="...">

[0066] <face id="...">

[0067] <vertex id="..." X="..." Y="..." Z="..." / > ...

[0069] < / face> ...

[0071] < / layer> ...

[0073] < / hemisphere>

[0074] <hemisphere name="south hemisphere">

[0075] <layer id="...">

[0076] <face id="...">

[0077] <vertex id="..." X="..." Y="..." Z="..." / > ...

[0079] < / face> ...

[0081] < / layer> ...

[0083] < / hemisphere>

[0084] < / polyhedron>

[0085] Standardized process file, file format as follows:

[0086] [OBJECT]

[0087] objectLength =... / / length

[0088] objectWidth=... / / width

[0089] objectHeight=... / / height

[0090] faceNorthRow =... / / north face upper hemisphere row number

[0091] faceNorthColumn =... / / north face upper hemisphere maximum column number

[0092] faceSouthRow=... / / south face lower hemisphere row number

[0093] faceSouthColum =... / / south face lower hemisphere maximum column number

[0094] [FACE_NORTH]

[0095] bC0001 =... / / coarse grinding swing angle

[0096] zC0001 =... / / coarse grinding rotary table

[0097] hC0001 =... / / coarse grinding spindle lowering height

[0098] dC0001 =... / / coarse grinding spindle slow feed amount

[0099] vC0001 =... / / coarse grinding spindle slow feed speed

[0100] tC0001 =... / / coarse grinding dwell time

[0101] bX0001 =... / / fine grinding swing angle

[0102] zX0001 =... / / fine grinding rotary table

[0103] hX0001 =... / / fine grinding spindle lowering height

[0104] dX0001 =... / / fine grinding spindle slow feed amount

[0105] vX0001 =... / / fine grinding spindle slow feed speed

[0106] tX0001 =... / / fine grinding dwell time

[0107] [FACE_SOUTH]

[0108] bC0001 =... / / coarse grinding swing angle

[0109] zC0001 =... / / coarse grinding rotary table

[0110] hC0001 =... / / coarse grinding spindle lowering height

[0111] dC0001 =... / / coarse grinding spindle slow feed amount

[0112] vC0001 =... / / coarse grinding spindle slow feed speed

[0113] tC0001 =... / / coarse grinding dwell time

[0114] bX0001 =... / / fine grinding swing angle

[0115] zX0001 =... / / fine grinding rotary table

[0116] hX0001 =... / / fine grinding spindle lowering height

[0117] dX0001 =... / / fine grinding spindle slow feed amount

[0118] vX0001 =... / / fine grinding spindle slow feed speed

[0119] tX0001 =... / / fine grinding dwell time

[0120] The first two digits of the four-digit number are the layer number, and the last two digits are the face number. The grinder controller can easily read the relevant parameter data of each layer and each face.

Claims

1. A method for designing and molding architectural decorative items made of crystal material, characterized in that, include: Constructing digital models of crystal architectural ornaments using 3D modeling software; The topological data of the digital model is extracted by a script program. This topological data includes: information on the upper / lower half of the parting process, layered structure, geometric features of each face, and vertex coordinates. The script program processes this topological data as follows: Spatial analysis and boundary datum establishment: The outline of the digital model is calculated to obtain its external dimensions. For the crystal material architectural ornaments to be parted, a horizontal boundary datum plane is established for the digital model. Data structure construction: An XML document is created, and a root node is established. The external dimensions of the digital model are used as data elements or attributes and written into the document. Within the root node or its child nodes, separate child nodes are created as containers for the crystal material architectural decorations to be processed, used to store the topological data related to the processing. Geometric data processing: traverse all faces of the digital model and calculate the geometric center coordinates of each face; perform face clustering based on the ordinate, grouping faces with consistent ordinates into the same level; after arranging all levels in descending order of ordinate, assign the levels to corresponding containers according to the preset horizontal boundary reference surface; record the topological structure of each face layer by layer, storing the three-dimensional coordinate information of each vertex; standardized data output: output and store the processed geometric data. The topology data is parsed using a process parameter conversion tool. Based on the parsing results, the core process parameters of each face are calculated: swing angle θ, rotation angle φ, and center distance d. The center distance d is the vertical distance from the boundary contour of the digital model to the rotation axis. Then, based on the characteristic parameters of the grinding machine, the processing parameters adapted to the grinding machine are further calculated through parameter mapping relationships: processing height h, retraction amount Δh, slow feed amount δ, dwell time t, and slow feed speed v. Finally, a process file adapted to the grinding machine is generated. The process document is imported into the grinding machine for processing to obtain a crystal material architectural decoration that matches the digital model.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process parameter conversion tool loads the XML document and parses out the topology data.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processed geometric data is assembled into a formatted string according to the XML Schema specification, written into an XML document, and stored on a selected storage medium.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The script program first detects whether there is a valid active document in the modeling software, then locates the digital model and performs a geometric validity verification.

5. A grinding machine, characterized in that, It includes a spindle, cutting tool, rotary table, moving platform and controller, wherein the controller is equipped with a process document generated by the crystal material architectural decoration design and molding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and controls the grinding machine to process the crystal material architectural decoration based on the process document.

6. The grinding machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The controller drives the spindle and the rotary table to perform the grinding process layer by layer and surface by surface according to the instructions in the process document.

7. The grinding machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, A pressure sensor for monitoring the grinding status is installed on the fixed base between the rotary table and the moving platform. The controller is configured to dynamically adjust the tool feed based on the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor to compensate for machining accuracy deviations caused by wear.

8. The grinding machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The controller is configured to perform the following steps: Before processing begins, the pressure value F0 of the pressure sensor is measured and used as the initial contact force reference. The pressure value F of the pressure sensor is measured in real time during the processing. m When F m When the temperature exceeds F0+1 kgf, the grinding state is considered effective; otherwise, the state is considered non-contact. Under effective grinding contact conditions, the controller measures the real-time pressure value F. m Perform time integration; the integral value reflects the cumulative effect of tool wear. The tool feed rate is adjusted in real time based on the integral value to compensate for machining accuracy deviations caused by wear.

9. The grinding machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The tool holder and the grinding wheel body are designed as a continuous, homogeneous, integrated rigid structure.

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