An electric-hydrogen heat coupling new energy system and an energy management method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a new energy system of electric-hydrogen-heat coupling and an energy management method thereof, and relates to the technical field of energy management. The method comprises the following steps: real-time monitoring of the difference power between wind-solar power generation power and user load demand, outdoor temperature, hydrogen storage amount of a hydrogen storage tank, state of charge of a storage battery and heat storage amount of a molten salt storage tank; according to the difference power and the outdoor temperature, the following energy management strategies are executed: when the output of a wind power generation module and a solar photovoltaic power generation module is greater than the load demand, hydrogen is prepared by an alkaline electrolytic cell, the storage battery is charged, and the molten salt storage tank is heated to suppress the excess power; when the output of the wind power generation module and the solar photovoltaic power generation module is less than the load demand, the load power consumption is met by a solid oxide fuel cell, a gas turbine and the storage battery; the method realizes coupling control of electric-hydrogen-heat, reduces the wind and light abandonment rate, and improves the overall energy utilization rate of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy management technology, specifically to an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system and its energy management method. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of rapid economic growth, the consumption of fossil fuels has risen sharply, leading to an increasingly severe greenhouse effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a clean energy solution to replace traditional fossil fuels, and electro-hydrogen coupled microgrid technology, due to its significant pollution-free characteristics, is gradually becoming an important and promising branch of new distributed energy systems.

[0003] Currently, fuel cell (FC)-based electric-hydrogen-electric systems are commonly used due to their cleanliness, pollution-free operation, and high efficiency. Riad utilizes a fractional-order proportional-integral-derived (FOPID) controller to regulate the voltage of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in a DC microgrid. Under varying load conditions and photovoltaic irradiance, its performance is compared with that of an FOPID controller regulated by the Jellyfish Search Algorithm (JSA) and Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm (GWO), and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller regulated by the Artificial Rabbit Optimization Algorithm (ARO). Yousaf implements a DC microgrid capable of adapting to changing weather conditions and load demands. Through an Artificial Neural Network Energy Management System (ANN EMS) and a Quantum Reinforcement Learning-based Global Terminal Sliding Mode Control (QRL-GTSMC) controller optimized by the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO), the system effectively manages power flow, maintaining grid stability and power balance. Bellotti proposes a novel two-layer optimization architecture for the optimized operation and control of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in microgrids: the upper layer is for economic optimization of operation and management, while the lower layer is for control optimization based on the reference governor (RG) method. This method significantly reduces abrupt changes in stack temperature and improves the overall performance of the PEMFC system. Alberizzi develops a novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm that provides optimal size and management for hydrogen storage units in hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES). Considering the hourly cost of electricity, the algorithm optimizes the operation of the electrolyzer and the charge / discharge phases of the hydrogen storage to achieve maximum profit. Abdo establishes a harmonic domain (HD) model for a hybrid energy system based on photovoltaics and hydrogen / fuel cells, providing the steady-state space calculation of the system. The HD solution uses a single matrix operation to provide waveforms for each state of the system, requiring fewer computational resources to model the switching devices.

[0004] However, the energy management methods proposed above failed to fully consider the effective utilization of heat generated during operation in the study of operation optimization and capacity configuration of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) in microgrids, resulting in serious wind and solar curtailment and weakening the overall utilization efficiency of renewable energy to some extent. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies that fail to adequately utilize the heat generated during operation, leading to severe wind and solar power curtailment, this invention proposes an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system and its energy management method. This system considers the utilization of waste heat from fuel cells and optimizes the system's capacity configuration and energy management to meet heating demands in different seasons, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] An electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system, comprising:

[0007] A wind and solar power generation module is used to transmit electrical energy; the output end of the wind and solar power generation module is connected to an AC bus; the AC bus serves as the power hub of the electro-hydrogen-thermal coupling new energy system, used to integrate and distribute electrical energy.

[0008] The energy storage and conversion module includes an alkaline electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank, and a battery; the input end of the alkaline electrolyzer is connected to the AC bus, and its output end is connected to the input end of the hydrogen storage tank; the battery is bidirectionally connected to the AC bus.

[0009] A power supply and thermal management module is used for power supply and thermal energy management. The power supply and thermal management module includes a solid oxide fuel cell, a gas turbine, and a molten salt thermal storage tank. The input terminals of the solid oxide fuel cell and the gas turbine are respectively connected to the output terminals of the hydrogen storage tank, and their output terminals are both connected to the AC bus to supply power. At the same time, the waste heat generated by the solid oxide fuel cell and the gas turbine is transported to the molten salt thermal storage tank. The molten salt thermal storage tank is used to supply thermal energy.

[0010] The user end is used to receive electrical energy transmitted from the AC bus and thermal energy supplied by the molten salt thermal storage tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the molten salt thermal storage tank is connected to a solid oxide fuel cell and a gas turbine via heat exchangers to recover high-temperature waste heat and achieve combined heat and power generation.

[0012] This invention also proposes an energy management method for an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Real-time monitoring of the power difference between wind and solar power generation and user load demand, outdoor temperature, hydrogen storage capacity of hydrogen storage tanks, state of charge of batteries, and heat storage capacity of molten salt storage tanks.

[0014] Based on the aforementioned power differential and outdoor temperature, the following energy management strategy will be implemented:

[0015] When the power generation of wind and solar power exceeds the load demand and the outdoor temperature is above zero, the alkaline electrolyzer is started first to produce hydrogen; if the hydrogen storage tank has a hydrogen storage capacity of 10% to 90% and the power of the alkaline electrolyzer is insufficient, the battery charging and molten salt storage tank heating are started in sequence to absorb the remaining power.

[0016] When the wind and solar power generation exceeds the load demand and the outdoor temperature is below zero, if the heat storage capacity of the molten salt tank is less than 50%, the fuel cell and gas turbine will be started to provide combined heating, and the remaining wind and solar power generation will be used to produce hydrogen or store heat.

[0017] When the wind and solar power generation is less than the load demand and the outdoor temperature is above zero, the fuel cell will be started first to supply power. If the hydrogen storage is insufficient or the fuel cell power is insufficient, the gas turbine or battery will be used to supplement the power supply.

[0018] When the wind and solar power generation is less than the load demand and the outdoor temperature is below zero, if the heat storage capacity of the molten salt tank is less than 50%, the fuel cell and gas turbine will be started to provide power and heat in combination, while the battery will be used to supplement the power supply.

[0019] Furthermore, the charging and discharging power of the battery The following constraints must be met:

[0020] ;

[0021] In the formula, SOC min , SOC max These are the lower and upper limits of the battery's state of charge. P chmax , P dismax They are respectively t The maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the battery during the sampling period; , These are the rated charge and discharge power of the battery, taken as 20% of the battery's rated capacity; , for t The maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the battery during the sampling period is constrained by its rated capacity and state of charge. For the installed capacity of the storage battery; The self-discharge coefficient; Improve battery charging efficiency; For scheduling time intervals; This refers to the battery discharge efficiency.

[0022] Furthermore, the operating power of the alkaline electrolyzer satisfies the following constraints:

[0023] ;

[0024] In the formula, P el-min , P el-max Operating power of alkaline electrolytic cell equipment The lower limit and the upper limit are 30% of the rated power and the upper limit is the rated power.

[0025] Furthermore, the power of the solid oxide fuel cell satisfies the following constraints:

[0026] ;

[0027] In the formula, P fcmax ( t )for t Maximum output power of the fuel cell at the sampling time; P fc.N This refers to the rated output power of the fuel cell; Q ht ( t )for t The amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank at the time of sampling; Q htmin This is the lower limit of the hydrogen storage tank capacity. These are the hydrogen consumption parameters for fuel cells, in units of... ; For fuel cell efficiency.

[0028] Furthermore, the hydrogen production capacity of the alkaline electrolyzer satisfies the following constraints:

[0029] ;

[0030] In the formula, for t Maximum hydrogen production of the alkaline electrolyzer during the sampling period; Q el.N This is the rated hydrogen production capacity of the alkaline electrolyzer; Q htmax This is the upper limit of the hydrogen storage tank's capacity; To improve the working efficiency of the electrolytic cell; These are the parameters for hydrogen production in an electrolyzer, in units of... , Q ht ( t )for t The amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank at the time of sampling.

[0031] Furthermore, the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank The following constraints must be met:

[0032] ;

[0033] In the formula, Q htmin = 0.1 Q htmax , Q htmax = 0.9 Q ht_N , Q ht_N The rated hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0034] Furthermore, the power output of the gas turbine satisfies the following constraints:

[0035] ;

[0036] in, P fc For fuel cell output power, P fcmax This represents the maximum output power of the fuel cell.

[0037] Furthermore, the heat storage capacity of the molten salt storage tank The following constraints must be met:

[0038] ;

[0039] In the formula, Q rmin = 0.5 Q rmax , Q rmax = 0.9 Q r_N , Q r_N The rated heat storage capacity of the molten salt storage tank.

[0040] This invention provides an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupling new energy system and its energy management method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] This invention utilizes the coordinated scheduling of hydrogen production via electrolyzers, battery charging, and molten salt thermal storage to convert excess electrical energy from wind and solar power generation into hydrogen, electricity, or thermal energy for storage, significantly reducing the waste of renewable energy. By storing waste heat from solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and gas turbines in molten salt thermal storage tanks, it not only provides electricity but also heat, achieving combined heat and power (CHP) and increasing the overall system efficiency to over 80%. Through an electro-hydrogen-thermal multi-energy coupling and dynamic management strategy, this method precisely regulates the output of units other than wind and solar power generation, ensuring energy balance among all units. In summer, it effectively absorbs excess wind power and meets summer electricity demand; in winter, it meets the load's electricity and heating needs, achieving coupled control of electricity, hydrogen, and heat, reducing wind and solar curtailment rates, and improving the overall energy utilization rate of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the electro-hydrogen-thermal coupling new energy system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of energy management in an embodiment of the present invention when the output of the wind power generation module and the solar photovoltaic power generation module exceeds the load demand;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of energy management in an embodiment of the present invention when the output of the wind power generation module and the solar photovoltaic power generation module exceeds the load demand and the outdoor temperature is greater than zero.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of energy management in an embodiment of the present invention when the output of the wind power generation module and the solar photovoltaic power generation module is less than the load demand. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0047] This invention proposes an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system, such as... Figure 1As shown, the system specifically includes wind power modules, solar photovoltaic modules, an alkaline electrolyzer, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a hydrogen storage tank, a molten salt thermal storage tank, a micro gas turbine, a battery, and a heat exchanger. The wind and solar power modules include wind power modules and solar photovoltaic modules; the output of the wind power module is connected to the AC bus (AC) via an AC / AC converter. The system is connected to the AC bus (BUS). The output of the solar photovoltaic power generation module is connected to the AC bus via a DC / AC converter, both used to transmit electrical energy. The AC bus serves as the power hub of the electro-hydrogen-thermal coupling new energy system, used to integrate and distribute electrical energy. The energy storage and conversion module includes an alkaline electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank, and a battery. The input of the alkaline electrolyzer is connected to the AC bus via an AC / DC converter, and the output is connected to the hydrogen storage tank. The battery is bidirectionally connected to the AC bus via an AC / DC converter. The power supply and thermal management module includes a solid oxide fuel cell, a gas turbine, and a molten salt thermal storage tank, used for power supply and thermal energy management. The inputs of the solid oxide fuel cell and the gas turbine are connected to the outputs of the hydrogen storage tank, and their outputs are connected to the AC bus via AC / DC converters to supply power. At the same time, the waste heat generated by the solid oxide fuel cell and the gas turbine is transferred to the molten salt thermal storage tank. The output of the molten salt thermal storage tank is connected to the user end for supplying thermal energy. The user end receives electrical energy transmitted by the AC bus and thermal energy supplied by the molten salt thermal storage tank.

[0048] When the output of the wind power generation module and the solar photovoltaic power generation module exceeds the load demand, hydrogen is produced by the alkaline electrolyzer, the battery is charged, and the molten salt storage tank is heated to suppress the excess power. When the output of the wind power generation module and the solar photovoltaic power generation module is less than the load demand, the solid oxide fuel cell, the gas turbine, and the battery meet the load power demand. In the integrated system of solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine, the generated heat energy is stored in the molten salt thermal storage device. This device can not only promote the rapid start-up of the gas turbine, but also provide reliable heat energy output to users.

[0049] Based on the above system, this invention proposes an energy management method for an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system, specifically including the following steps:

[0050] S1. Develop a power allocation strategy; the operation strategy of energy storage units not only affects the performance, output, and lifespan of the equipment, but also relates to the economy, reliability, and environmental friendliness of the entire system. Develop strategies such as... Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 The power allocation strategy shown.

[0051] The system energy management strategy objective is defined as follows:

[0052]

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] in, P net This is the differential power; P For wind and solar power output power; P wt Powering wind turbines; P pv Contribute to photovoltaic power generation; P el This refers to the operating power of the electrolytic cell; P el-min , P el-max These are the lower and upper limits of the optimal operating range for the electrolytic cell; P bat Power for charging the battery; P dis This refers to the battery discharge power. P chmax , P dismax This refers to the maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the battery. P fc This refers to the output power of the fuel cell; P fcmax This represents the maximum output power of the fuel cell; P gt This refers to the output power of the gas turbine. P gtmax This represents the maximum output power of the gas turbine. P Q The heating power of the electric heating device for the molten salt storage tank; P Qmax This is the maximum heating power of the electric heating device for the molten salt storage tank. SOC ht This refers to hydrogen storage energy storage; SOC This refers to the state of charge of the battery. SOC r This refers to the thermal storage state of the molten salt storage tank; T That's the outdoor temperature.

[0056] S2. Determine the constraints. Based on the objective function, the capacity of the energy storage devices within the system is selected as the decision variable. During the capacity optimization configuration process, it is necessary to find the optimal solution within the feasible region of the decision variables. Considering the stable and safe operation of the equipment, the following constraints are mainly considered:

[0057] (1) Equipment capacity constraints:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, , , , , These represent the upper capacity limits for the electrolyzer, battery, hydrogen storage tank, fuel cell, and molten salt storage tank, respectively.

[0060] (2) Battery charge and discharge constraints:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, SOC min , SOC max These are the lower and upper limits of the battery's state of charge. P chmax , P dismax for t The maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the battery during the sampling period; , The rated charge / discharge power of the battery is taken as 20% of the battery's rated capacity. , for t The maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the battery during the sampling period is constrained by its rated capacity and state of charge. For the installed capacity of the storage battery; The self-discharge coefficient; Improve battery charging efficiency; For scheduling time intervals; Battery discharge efficiency.

[0063] (3) Operating power constraints of the electrolytic cell:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, P el-min , P el-max These are the upper and lower limits of the operating power of the electrolytic cell equipment, with the lower limit being 30% of the rated power and the upper limit being the rated power.

[0066] (4) Fuel cell power constraints:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, P fcmax ( t )for t Maximum output power of the fuel cell at the sampling time; P fc.N This refers to the rated output power of the fuel cell;Q ht ( t )for t The amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank at the time of sampling; Q htmin This is the lower limit of the hydrogen storage tank capacity; Hydrogen consumption parameters for fuel cells ( ); For fuel cell efficiency.

[0069] (5) Constraints on hydrogen production from the electrolyzer:

[0070]

[0071] In the formula, for t Maximum hydrogen production of the electrolyzer during the sampling period; Q el.N This is the rated hydrogen production capacity of the electrolyzer; Q htmax This is the upper limit of the hydrogen storage tank's capacity; To improve the working efficiency of the electrolytic cell; Hydrogen production parameters for electrolyzers ( ).

[0072] (6) Hydrogen storage tank capacity constraints:

[0073]

[0074] In the formula, Q htmin = 0.1 Q htmax , Q htmax = 0.9 Q ht_N ( Q ht_N (Rated hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank) This refers to the amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank.

[0075] (7) Power constraints of micro gas turbines:

[0076]

[0077] (8) Molten salt storage tank capacity constraints:

[0078]

[0079] In the formula, Q rmin =0.5 Q rmax , Q rmax = 0.9 Qr_N ( Q r_N (Rated heat storage capacity of molten salt storage tanks). To store heat in molten salt storage tanks.

[0080] S3, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the system's energy management strategy includes:

[0081] Case 1: Wind and solar power generation exceeds load power P L And outdoor temperature T If the value is greater than zero, determine whether the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is within 10% to 90%.

[0082] 1. If true, determine whether the maximum power of the electrolytic cell is greater than the differential power. If it is greater, the power of the electrolytic cell is equal to the differential power. If it is less, the electrolytic cell operates at maximum power, and determine whether the state of charge of the battery is within 20% to 95%.

[0083] 1.1. If not true, the battery is not in a charging state. If true, determine whether the maximum charging power of the battery is greater than the difference between the differential power and the maximum power of the electrolytic cell.

[0084] 1.1.1. If not, the battery will reduce the remaining power. If so, the battery will charge at its rated charging power, and it will be determined whether the maximum power of the electric heater of the molten salt storage tank is greater than the difference between the differential power and the maximum power of the electrolytic cell and the maximum charging power of the battery.

[0085] 1.1.1.1. If true, the remaining power will be mitigated by the electric heater of the molten salt storage tank; if false, the electric heater will operate at maximum power.

[0086] 2. If not, determine whether the battery's state of charge is within 20% to 95%. If not, the battery is not charging. If it is, determine whether the battery's maximum charging power is greater than the differential power.

[0087] 2.1. If the difference is greater than the power difference, the battery will compensate for the power difference. If the difference is less than the power difference, the battery will charge at its rated power, and it will be determined whether the maximum power of the electric heater of the molten salt storage tank is greater than the difference between the power difference and the maximum charging power of the battery.

[0088] 2.1.1. If true, the remaining power will be mitigated by the electric heater of the molten salt storage tank; if false, the electric heater will operate at maximum power.

[0089] Case 2: When the power generation of wind and solar power is greater than the load power and the outdoor temperature is less than zero, determine whether the heat stored in the molten salt storage tank is greater than 50%.

[0090] 1. If it is greater than 90%, then determine whether the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is within 10% to 90%.

[0091] 1.1. If true, then determine whether the maximum power of the electrolytic cell is greater than the difference in power.

[0092] 1.1.1. If the difference is greater, the electrolytic cell power is equal to the difference power; if the difference is less, the electrolytic cell operates at maximum power, and it is determined whether the battery charge state is within 20%~95%.

[0093] 1.1.1. If not true, the battery is not in a charging state. If true, determine whether the maximum charging power of the battery is greater than the difference between the differential power and the maximum power of the electrolytic cell.

[0094] 1.1.1.1. If not, the battery will reduce the remaining power. If so, the battery will charge at its rated charging power, and it will be determined whether the maximum power of the electric heater of the molten salt storage tank is greater than the difference between the differential power and the maximum power of the electrolytic cell and the maximum charging power of the battery.

[0095] 1.1.1.1.1. If true, the remaining power will be mitigated by the electric heater of the molten salt storage tank; if false, the electric heater will operate at maximum power.

[0096] 1.2. If not, determine whether the battery's state of charge is within 20% to 95%.

[0097] 1.2.1 If this condition is not met, the battery is not in a charging state. If this condition is met, determine whether the battery's maximum charging power is greater than the differential power.

[0098] 1.2.1.1 If the difference is greater than the power difference, the battery will smooth out the power difference. If the difference is less than the power difference, the battery will charge at the rated charging power, and it will be determined whether the maximum power of the electric heater of the molten salt storage tank is greater than the difference between the power difference and the maximum charging power of the battery.

[0099] 1.2.1.1.1. If true, the remaining power is mitigated by the electric heater of the molten salt storage tank; if false, the electric heater operates at maximum power.

[0100] 2. If it is less than 90%, then determine whether the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is within 10% to 90%.

[0101] 2.1. If true, the fuel cell and the gas turbine will operate at maximum power respectively, and the subsequent operation strategy will be managed according to steps 1-1.1.1.1 in case1.

[0102] 2.2. If not, determine whether the maximum power of the electric heater in the molten salt storage tank is greater than the difference in power.

[0103] 2.2.1. If it is greater than 20%, then determine whether the battery's state of charge is within 20% to 95%.

[0104] 2.2.1.1. If true, the maximum power of the electric heater of the molten salt storage tank is equal to the sum of the differential power and the rated output power of the battery. If false, the operating power of the electric heater of the molten salt storage tank is equal to the differential power.

[0105] 2.2.2. If it is less than 20%, then determine whether the battery's state of charge is within 20% to 95%.

[0106] 2.2.2.1. If not, the molten salt tank electric heater will operate at maximum power. If so, determine whether the rated charging power of the battery is greater than the difference between the differential power and the maximum power of the molten salt tank electric heater.

[0107] 2.2.2.1.1. If this condition is not met, the battery will charge at its rated charging power; if this condition is met, the battery will suppress the remaining power.

[0108] Case 3: When the wind and solar power generation is less than the load power and the outdoor temperature is above zero, determine whether the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is within 10% to 90%.

[0109] 1. If true, determine whether the maximum power of the fuel cell is greater than the difference in power.

[0110] 1.1. If the difference is greater than the rated power, the fuel cell operating power equals the differential power; if it is less than the rated power, the fuel cell operates at maximum power, and it is determined whether the rated operating power of the gas turbine is greater than the difference between the differential power and the fuel cell.

[0111] 1.1.1. If it is greater than the power, the gas turbine will reduce the remaining power; if it is less than the power, the gas turbine will operate at maximum power.

[0112] 2. If not, determine whether the battery's state of charge is within 20% to 95%.

[0113] 2.1. If not true, the battery output power is zero; if true, determine whether the battery's maximum output power is greater than the difference in power.

[0114] 2.1.1. If it is greater than the difference, the battery output power is equal to the difference power; if it is less than the difference, the battery operates at its maximum output power.

[0115] Case 4: When the power generation of wind and solar power is less than the load power and the outdoor temperature is less than zero, determine whether the heat storage capacity of the molten salt storage tank is greater than 50%.

[0116] 1. If valid, proceed with the steps outlined in Case 3.

[0117] 2. If not, determine whether the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is within 10% to 90%.

[0118] 2.1. If true, the fuel cell and gas turbine will operate at maximum power respectively; if false, determine whether the battery state of charge is within 20% to 95%.

[0119] 2.1.1. If this condition is not met, the battery output power is zero; if it is met, determine whether the battery's maximum output power is greater than the difference in power.

[0120] 2.1.1.1. If the difference is less than the power output, the battery will output power at its maximum. If the difference is greater than the power output, the battery output power will be equal to the power difference. It is then determined whether the maximum power of the electric heater in the molten salt storage tank is greater than the difference between the battery's maximum output power and the power difference.

[0121] 2.1.1.1.1. If the power is greater than the battery's maximum power, the electric heater of the molten salt tank will be equal to the difference between the battery's maximum power and the differential power. If the power is less than the battery's maximum power, the electric heater of the molten salt tank will operate at maximum power.

[0122] The energy management and control strategy proposed in this invention demonstrates significant effectiveness. Except for the wind and solar power generation units, the output of all units can be precisely controlled. The system achieves coordinated energy flow, ensuring energy balance among the sub-units. In summer, it effectively absorbs excess wind power and meets summer electricity demand; in winter, it meets the load's electricity and heating needs, achieving coupled control of electricity, hydrogen, and heat, reducing wind and solar curtailment rates, and improving the overall energy utilization rate of the system.

[0123] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy management method for an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system, characterized in that, The electro-hydrogen-thermal coupling new energy system includes: A wind and solar power generation module is used to transmit electrical energy; the output end of the wind and solar power generation module is connected to an AC bus; the AC bus serves as the power hub of the electro-hydrogen-thermal coupling new energy system, used to integrate and distribute electrical energy. The energy storage and conversion module includes an alkaline electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank, and a battery; the input end of the alkaline electrolyzer is connected to the AC bus, and its output end is connected to the input end of the hydrogen storage tank; the battery is bidirectionally connected to the AC bus. A power supply and thermal management module is used for power supply and thermal energy management. The power supply and thermal management module includes a solid oxide fuel cell, a gas turbine, and a molten salt thermal storage tank. The input terminals of the solid oxide fuel cell and the gas turbine are respectively connected to the output terminals of the hydrogen storage tank, and their output terminals are both connected to the AC bus to supply power. At the same time, the waste heat generated by the solid oxide fuel cell and the gas turbine is transported to the molten salt thermal storage tank. The molten salt thermal storage tank is used to supply thermal energy. The user end is used to receive electrical energy transmitted by the AC bus and thermal energy supplied by the molten salt thermal storage tank; The energy management method for the electro-hydrogen-thermal coupling new energy system includes the following steps: Real-time monitoring of the power difference between wind and solar power generation and user load demand, outdoor temperature, hydrogen storage capacity of hydrogen storage tanks, state of charge of batteries, and heat storage capacity of molten salt storage tanks. Based on the aforementioned power differential and outdoor temperature, the following energy management strategy will be implemented: When the power generation of wind and solar power exceeds the load demand and the outdoor temperature is above zero, the alkaline electrolyzer is started first to produce hydrogen; if the hydrogen storage tank has a hydrogen storage capacity of 10% to 90% and the power of the alkaline electrolyzer is insufficient, the battery charging and molten salt storage tank heating are started in sequence to absorb the remaining power. When the wind and solar power generation exceeds the load demand and the outdoor temperature is below zero, if the heat storage capacity of the molten salt tank is less than 50%, the fuel cell and gas turbine will be started to provide combined heating, and the remaining wind and solar power generation will be used to produce hydrogen or store heat. When the wind and solar power generation is less than the load demand and the outdoor temperature is above zero, the fuel cell will be started first to supply power. If the hydrogen storage is insufficient or the fuel cell power is insufficient, the gas turbine or battery will be used to supplement the power supply. When the wind and solar power generation is less than the load demand and the outdoor temperature is below zero, if the heat storage capacity of the molten salt tank is less than 50%, the fuel cell and gas turbine will be started to provide power and heat in combination, while the battery will be used to supplement the power supply.

2. The energy management method for an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molten salt thermal storage tank is connected to a solid oxide fuel cell and a gas turbine via heat exchangers to recover high-temperature waste heat and achieve combined heat and power generation.

3. The energy management method for an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging and discharging power of the battery The following constraints must be met: ； In the formula, SOC min , SOC max These are the lower and upper limits of the battery's state of charge. P chmax , P dismax They are respectively t The maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the battery during the sampling period; , These are the rated charge and discharge power of the battery, taken as 20% of the battery's rated capacity; , They are respectively t The maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the battery during the sampling period is constrained by its rated capacity and state of charge. For the installed capacity of the storage battery; The self-discharge coefficient; Improve battery charging efficiency; For scheduling time intervals; This refers to the battery discharge efficiency.

4. The energy management method for an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating power of the alkaline electrolyzer meets the following constraints: ； In the formula, P el-min , P el-max Operating power of alkaline electrolytic cell equipment The lower limit and the upper limit are 30% of the rated power and the upper limit is the rated power.

5. The energy management method for an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power of the solid oxide fuel cell satisfies the following constraints: ； In the formula, P fcmax ( t )for t Maximum output power of the fuel cell at the sampling time; P fc.N This refers to the rated output power of the fuel cell; Q ht ( t )for t The amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank at the time of sampling; Q htmin This is the lower limit of the hydrogen storage tank capacity. These are the hydrogen consumption parameters for fuel cells, in units of... ; For fuel cell efficiency.

6. The energy management method for an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen production capacity of the alkaline electrolyzer meets the following constraints: ； In the formula, for t Maximum hydrogen production of the alkaline electrolyzer during the sampling period; Q el.N This is the rated hydrogen production capacity of the alkaline electrolyzer; Q htmax This is the upper limit of the hydrogen storage tank's capacity; To improve the working efficiency of the electrolytic cell; These are the parameters for hydrogen production in an electrolyzer, in units of... , Q ht ( t )for t The amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank at the time of sampling.

7. The energy management method for an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capacity of the hydrogen storage tank The following constraints must be met: ； In the formula, Q htmin = 0.1 Q htmax , Q htmax = 0.9 Q ht_N , Q ht_N The rated hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank.

8. The energy management method for an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power of the gas turbine satisfies the following constraints: ； in, P fc For fuel cell output power, P fcmax This represents the maximum output power of the fuel cell.

9. The energy management method for an electro-hydrogen-thermal coupled new energy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat storage capacity of the molten salt storage tank The following constraints must be met: ； In the formula, Q rmin = 0.5 Q rmax , Q rmax = 0.9 Q r_N , Q r_N The rated heat storage capacity of the molten salt storage tank.

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