Culture medium and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and relates to a culture medium and a preparation method thereof, and the culture medium is mainly prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 40-60% of support aggregate, 20-40% of nutrient substances, 10-20% of binder and 5-20% of water. The invention provides the culture medium which is diverse in component, strong in slow release property and simple to prepare, and the preparation method of the culture medium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agriculture and relates to a cultivation substrate and its preparation method, particularly to a cultivation substrate that can release nutrients slowly and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0003] To fundamentally solve my country's food problem and meet the people's growing demand for a high-quality life, such as the demand for high-quality fruits and a variety of vegetables, it is necessary to utilize the vast land in western my country. If this land can be effectively utilized, it can provide the Chinese people with a large quantity of fruits and vegetables, freeing up most of the arable land in major agricultural provinces for the cultivation of staple food crops.

[0004] With the continuous development of technology, cultivation substrates have been widely used in agricultural planting, cultivation, and soil improvement processes. Furthermore, with economic development, the scale of agricultural planting and cultivation has expanded rapidly, leading to an increasing reliance on and demand for substrates. However, existing cultivation substrates are either complex in their production process, contain chemically synthesized substances that are difficult for the soil to metabolize, or have a single substrate composition or a complex composition with a rapid degradation rate, thus limiting the rapid development of agricultural cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems in the background art, the present invention provides a cultivation substrate with diverse components, strong slow-release properties and simple preparation method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A cultivation substrate, characterized in that: the cultivation substrate is mainly prepared from 40-60% by weight of supporting aggregate, 20-40% by weight of nutrients, 10-20% by weight of binder and 5-20% by weight of water.

[0008] The aforementioned supporting aggregate is plant-based aggregate and / or mineral-based aggregate; when the supporting aggregate is plant-based aggregate, the plant-based aggregate is one or more of the following: corn plants, wheat plants, crop straw, rice straw, rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, corn cobs, peanut shells, vines, branches, bark, walnut shells, sawdust, cotton hulls, and cottonseed; when the supporting aggregate is mineral-based aggregate, the mineral-based aggregate is one or more of the following: calcium carbonate, montmorillonite, illite, and limestone.

[0009] The aforementioned nutrients are one or more of the following: humic acid, humus, poultry and livestock manure, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, and slow-release fertilizer.

[0010] The aforementioned adhesive is a plant-based adhesive and / or an animal-based adhesive; when the adhesive is a plant-based adhesive, the plant-based adhesive is starch, cellulose, tannin, gum arabic, and / or sodium alginate; when the adhesive is an animal-based adhesive, the animal-based adhesive is bone glue, fish glue, blood protein glue, casein, and / or shellac.

[0011] The above-mentioned cultivation substrate also includes 0.5%-2% cellulase by weight.

[0012] The cellulase mentioned above is a combination of one or more of C1 enzymes, Cx enzymes, and β-1,4-glucosidase.

[0013] The method for preparing the cultivation substrate as described above is characterized in that the preparation method is carried out by a 3D printing-like method or a rolling method.

[0014] When the above-mentioned preparation method is used in a 3D printing-like manner, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0015] 1) Prepare soaking solution, agglomeration solution and adhesive solution based on the raw materials of the cultivation substrate as described above;

[0016] Preferably, the soaking solution is an aqueous solution of nutrients; the concentration of nutrients in the soaking solution is 5-10%.

[0017] The agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of water, nutrients, binder, and / or cellulase; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of nutrients, the concentration of nutrients in the agglomeration solution is 20-40%; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of binder, the concentration of binder in the agglomeration solution is 20-40%; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of cellulase, the concentration of cellulase in the agglomeration solution is 0.5-5%.

[0018] The adhesive liquid is a paste formed by adhesive and water; the concentration of adhesive in the adhesive liquid is 40-70%;

[0019] 2) Pre-treat the supporting aggregate to obtain pre-treated supporting aggregate with a particle size not greater than 0.2 mm, and then spread the pre-treated supporting aggregate evenly to form a flat layer; preferably, when the supporting aggregate is plant aggregate, the specific implementation method of the pre-treatment in step 2) is method one or method two:

[0020] Method 1: Soak the support aggregate in the soaking solution for 24 hours, then remove the support aggregate and air dry it naturally. After that, crush the support aggregate to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm.

[0021] Method 2: Crush the support aggregate to obtain fine particles with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm, soak the fine particles in the soaking solution, and after 24 hours, take out the fine particles and let them air dry naturally to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm.

[0022] When the supporting aggregate is mineral aggregate, the specific implementation method of the pretreatment in step 2) is method three:

[0023] Method 3: Crush the support aggregate to obtain pretreated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm;

[0024] 3) Spray agglomerating liquid onto the upper surface of the paved layer, place it in a reciprocating horizontal vibrator and shake it. During the shaking process, continue to slowly spray agglomerating liquid to promote the formation of supporting particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm from the pretreated supporting aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm under the action of the agglomerating liquid; preferably, the rotation speed of the reciprocating horizontal vibrator is 50-100 rpm; preferably, when the supporting aggregate is plant aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of water, nutrients, binder and / or cellulase; when the supporting aggregate is mineral aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of binder.

[0025] 4) The supporting particles obtained in step 3) are mixed with nutrients in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 to obtain a mixture, wherein the particle size of the nutrients is not larger than the particle size of the supporting particles.

[0026] 5) Apply adhesive to the mixture obtained in step 4), and then press it to obtain the first layer of mixture particles with a layer height of no more than 0.5 cm;

[0027] 6) Repeat steps 3) to 5) to obtain a second layer of mixed particles with a height of no more than 0.5 cm;

[0028] 7) Apply adhesive to the upper surface of the first layer of mixture particles, then press and stack the second layer of mixture particles on top of the first layer of mixture particles.

[0029] 8) Repeat step 7) until you get a stack of materials with a layer height of 1-3cm;

[0030] 9) The stacked materials are air-dried naturally to obtain the cultivation substrate.

[0031] When the above preparation method is used for rolling, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0032] 1) Prepare soaking solution, agglomeration solution and adhesive solution based on the raw materials of the cultivation substrate as described above;

[0033] Preferably, the soaking solution is an aqueous solution of nutrients; the concentration of nutrients in the soaking solution is 5-10%.

[0034] The agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of water, nutrients, binder, and / or cellulase; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of nutrients, the concentration of nutrients in the agglomeration solution is 20-40%; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of binder, the concentration of binder in the agglomeration solution is 20-40%; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of cellulase, the concentration of cellulase in the agglomeration solution is 0.5-5%.

[0035] The adhesive liquid is a paste formed by adhesive and water; the concentration of adhesive in the adhesive liquid is 40-70%;

[0036] 2) Pre-treat the supporting aggregate to obtain pre-treated supporting aggregate with a particle size not greater than 0.2 mm, and then spread the pre-treated supporting aggregate evenly to form a flat layer; preferably, when the supporting aggregate is plant aggregate, step 2) is implemented in either method one or method two:

[0037] Method 1: Soak the support aggregate in the soaking solution for 24 hours, then remove the support aggregate and air dry it naturally. After that, crush the support aggregate to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm.

[0038] Method 2: Crush the support aggregate to obtain fine particles with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm, soak the fine particles in the soaking solution, and after 24 hours, take out the fine particles and let them air dry naturally to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm.

[0039] When the supporting aggregate is mineral aggregate, step 2) is specifically implemented in method three:

[0040] Method 3: Crush the support aggregate to obtain pretreated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm;

[0041] 3) Spray agglomerating liquid onto the paved layer, place it in a reciprocating horizontal vibrator and shake it. During the shaking process, continue to slowly spray agglomerating liquid to promote the formation of supporting particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm from the pretreated supporting aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm under the action of the agglomerating liquid; preferably, the rotation speed of the reciprocating horizontal vibrator is 50-100 rpm; preferably, when the supporting aggregate is plant aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of water or nutrients or an aqueous solution of binder; when the supporting aggregate is mineral aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of binder;

[0042] 4) The supporting particles obtained in step 3) are mixed with nutrients in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 to obtain a mixture, wherein the particle size of the nutrients is not larger than the particle size of the supporting particles.

[0043] 5) Apply adhesive liquid to the mixture obtained in step 4), embed it in a pile of supporting particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm, and then place it in a reciprocating horizontal shaker to shake. During the shaking process, continue to slowly spray agglomerating liquid to promote the mixture to form mixed particles with a particle size of 1-3 cm under the action of agglomerating liquid.

[0044] 6) The mixture particles are air-dried naturally to obtain the cultivation substrate.

[0045] A cultivation substrate prepared by the cultivation substrate preparation method described above, characterized in that: the cultivation substrate is in the form of blocks or granules.

[0046] The advantages of this invention are:

[0047] This invention provides a cultivation substrate, mainly composed of 40-60% by weight of supporting aggregate, 20-40% of nutrients, 10-20% of binder, and 5-20% water. The supporting aggregate used in this invention is derived from agricultural planting or agricultural production waste or naturally occurring mineral aggregates; the selected nutrients are humic acid, humus, poultry and livestock manure, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, and / or slow-release fertilizer; the selected binder is naturally occurring plant-based binder and / or animal-based binder. In other words, the raw materials of the cultivation substrate provided by this invention are all optimal raw materials for agricultural planting or cultivation. Furthermore, based on these raw materials, the substrate is prepared using a 3D printing-like method or a rolling process. The preparation process is simple, requires no special or additional equipment, and can be completed independently by ordinary farmers at home. The preparation conditions are not demanding, ultimately forming a cultivation substrate with a spatial structure resembling a loofah sponge, based on supporting aggregate and with nutrients attached by the binder. Specifically, the cultivation substrate obtained by this invention has the following characteristics: First, it exhibits a certain degree of hardness or strength, providing simple physical support to the soil when used directly or spread on farmland, promoting sufficient porosity between soil particles to facilitate root respiration and nutrient absorption. Second, it contains abundant and diverse nutrients, allowing plant roots to absorb essential nutrients for growth, improving the ecological environment of the root microbial community, or supplementing the root system with relevant trace elements. Third, the binder used in this invention is made from starch or fish glue, etc., and is resistant to sun and rain. After being decomposed by water or natural wind, it will not pollute the environment and can even serve as a carbon source for soil microorganisms, facilitating the expansion and production of soil microbial communities and further promoting plant growth. Fourth, since the raw materials used in this invention are all derived from nature and have not undergone extensive processing, they are completely biodegradable and have no toxic side effects on the natural environment, especially the ecological environment of agricultural planting. Finally, because it is prepared using a 3D-printing-like or rolling process, nutrients and supporting aggregates are combined in alternating layers. The supporting aggregates or binders gradually decompose, and nutrients are gradually utilized, further enhancing the slow-release properties of the nutrients in the cultivation substrate provided by this invention. Obviously, the cultivation substrate provided by this invention does not cause environmental pollution, can promote plant absorption of water and nutrients, alleviate the difficulties of cultivation in arid areas, facilitates its promotion in arid areas, and is suitable for comprehensive promotion or use in dry land or greenhouses. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention provides a cultivation substrate, which is mainly prepared by weight percentage of 40-60% supporting aggregate, 20-40% nutrients, 10-20% binder and 5-20% water.

[0049] The supporting aggregate consists of plant-based aggregates and / or mineral aggregates. When the supporting aggregate is plant-based, it is one or more of the following: corn plants, wheat plants, crop straw, rice straw, rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, corn cobs, peanut shells, vines, branches, bark, walnut shells, sawdust, cotton hulls, and cottonseed. When the supporting aggregate is mineral-based, it is one or more of the following: calcium carbonate, montmorillonite, illite, and limestone. Plant-based aggregates are the most direct source for agricultural production and are the best raw material for soil. For example, crop straw mainly consists of corn stalks, wheat straw, and potato by-products. Vines can be tomato vines or various legume vines. Plant-based aggregates are rich in cellulose, which, on the one hand, provides stable support after forming granules; on the other hand, it can form a cultivation substrate with a certain strength together with binders and / or nutrients.

[0050] The nutrients used in this invention are one or more combinations of humic acid, humus, poultry and livestock manure, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, and slow-release fertilizer. These nutrients, together with the supporting aggregate, are encapsulated by a binder. After the external binder decomposes naturally, the nutrients can be gradually absorbed by the plant roots.

[0051] The adhesives used in this invention are plant-based and / or animal-based adhesives. When the adhesive is plant-based, it includes starch, cellulose, tannin, gum arabic, and / or sodium alginate. When the adhesive is animal-based, it includes bone glue, fish glue, blood protein glue, casein, and / or shellac. These adhesives are relatively easy to obtain and can be purchased directly. Their components are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0052] Furthermore, when using plant aggregates, the cultivation substrate provided by this invention also includes 0.5%-2% by weight of cellulase to accelerate the decomposition of plant fibers, acting as a biocatalyst in the decomposition of cellulose. Exemplarily, this cellulase is one or more combinations of C1 enzyme, Cx enzyme, and β-1,4-glucosidase.

[0053] The cultivation substrate preparation method provided by this invention is prepared by a 3D printing-like method or a rolling method. When prepared by a 3D printing-like method, the cultivation substrate preparation method provided by this invention includes the following steps:

[0054] 1) Prepare soaking solution, agglomeration solution and adhesive solution based on the raw materials of the cultivation substrate as described above;

[0055] For example, the soaking solution is an aqueous solution of nutrients; the concentration of nutrients in the soaking solution is 5-10%; the purpose of the soaking solution is to soak the plant aggregate, so as to promote the direct penetration of nutrients into the plant aggregate, which can increase the amount of nutrients in the cultivation substrate provided by the present invention; at the same time, after the plant aggregate is gradually decomposed by nature, the nutrients can be gradually supplied to the plant roots, effectively prolonging the slow release of nutrients.

[0056] The agglomeration solution used in this invention is an aqueous solution of water, nutrients, binder, and / or cellulase. The purpose of the agglomeration solution is to promote the agglomeration of plant or mineral aggregates, forming an effective support structure. For example, when the agglomeration solution used in this invention is an aqueous solution of nutrients, the concentration of nutrients in the agglomeration solution is 20-40%; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of binder, the concentration of binder in the agglomeration solution is 20-40%; and when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of cellulase, the concentration of cellulase in the agglomeration solution is 0.5-5%.

[0057] The adhesive liquid is a paste-like substance formed by binder and water; the concentration of binder in the adhesive liquid is 40-70%; the purpose of the adhesive liquid is, on the one hand, to bind all the raw materials together to form an integral structure with a certain strength or hardness, which can support the farmland soil, promote sufficient porosity between soil particles, facilitate plant root respiration and nutrient absorption; on the other hand, as rainwater, sunlight or microorganisms gradually decompose it, nutrients inside the integral structure can be slowly released, gradually meeting the growth needs of plant roots, that is, improving the slow release of nutrients.

[0058] 2) Pre-treat the support aggregate to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm, and spread the pre-treated support aggregate evenly to form a flat layer;

[0059] Preferably, when the supporting aggregate is plant aggregate, the specific implementation method of the pretreatment in step 2) is method one or method two:

[0060] Method 1: Soak the support aggregate in the soaking solution for 24 hours, then remove the support aggregate and let it air dry naturally. After that, crush the support aggregate to obtain pretreated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm.

[0061] Method 2: Crush the support aggregate to obtain fine particles with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm, soak the fine particles in the soaking solution, and after 24 hours, take out the fine particles and let them air dry naturally to obtain pretreated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm.

[0062] Method one involves soaking the plant aggregates before crushing them; method two involves crushing the plant aggregates before soaking them. In actual production, method two is preferred because crushing creates a larger specific surface area, which facilitates the penetration of nutrients from the soaking solution into the plant aggregates.

[0063] When the supporting aggregate is mineral aggregate, the specific implementation method of pretreatment in step 2) is method three:

[0064] Method 3: Crush the support aggregate to obtain pretreated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm.

[0065] 3) Spray agglomerating liquid onto the upper surface of the paved layer, place it in a reciprocating horizontal vibrator and shake it. During the shaking process, continue to spray agglomerating liquid slowly to promote the pre-treated supporting aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm to form supporting particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm under the action of the agglomerating liquid; preferably, the rotation speed of the reciprocating horizontal vibrator is 50-100 rpm; preferably, when the supporting aggregate is plant aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of water, nutrients, binder and / or cellulase; when the supporting aggregate is mineral aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of binder.

[0066] 4) Mix the supporting particles obtained in step 3) with nutrients in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 to obtain a mixture. The particle size of the nutrients is not larger than the particle size of the supporting particles.

[0067] 5) Apply adhesive to the mixture obtained in step 4), and then press it to obtain the first layer of mixture particles with a layer height of no more than 0.5 cm;

[0068] 6) Repeat steps 3) to 5) to obtain a second layer of mixed particles with a height of no more than 0.5 cm;

[0069] 7) Apply adhesive to the upper surface of the first layer of mixture particles, then press and stack the second layer of mixture particles on top of the first layer of mixture particles.

[0070] 8) Repeat step 7) until you get a stack of materials with a layer height of 1-3cm;

[0071] 9) The stacked materials are air-dried naturally to obtain the cultivation substrate.

[0072] When prepared by rolling, the method for preparing the cultivation substrate provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0073] 1) Prepare soaking solution, agglomeration solution and adhesive solution based on the raw materials of the cultivation substrate as described above; wherein, the soaking solution, agglomeration solution and adhesive solution are exactly the same as the soaking solution, agglomeration solution and adhesive solution used in 3D printing, and will not be described again here.

[0074] 2) Pre-treat the support aggregate to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm, and then spread the pre-treated support aggregate flat to form a flat layer; the pre-treatment method is exactly the same as the pre-treatment method used in 3D printing, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0075] 3) Spray agglomerating liquid onto the flat layer, place it in a reciprocating horizontal vibrator and shake it. During the shaking process, continue to spray agglomerating liquid slowly to promote the formation of supporting particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm from the pretreated supporting aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm under the action of the agglomerating liquid; preferably, the rotation speed of the reciprocating horizontal vibrator is 50-100 rpm; preferably, when the supporting aggregate is plant aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of water or nutrients or an aqueous solution of binder; when the supporting aggregate is mineral aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of binder;

[0076] 4) Mix the supporting particles obtained in step 3) with nutrients in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 to obtain a mixture. The particle size of the nutrients is not larger than the particle size of the supporting particles.

[0077] 5) Apply adhesive liquid to the mixture obtained in step 4), embed it in a pile of supporting particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm, and then place it in a reciprocating horizontal shaker to shake. During the shaking process, continue to slowly spray agglomerating liquid to promote the mixture to form mixed particles with a particle size of 1-3 cm under the action of agglomerating liquid.

[0078] 6) The mixture particles are air-dried naturally to obtain the cultivation substrate.

[0079] It should be noted that whether using a 3D printing-like method or a rolling method, these are methods that are affordable or easy for ordinary farmers to implement. No additional instruments or equipment are required, and there are not many complicated processes. Ultimately, a cultivation substrate with a certain strength or hardness, containing nutrients and with slow-release properties can be obtained. For example, the cultivation substrate obtained by this invention is generally in block or granular form, but regardless of the form, it can be directly used in farmland to meet the needs of agricultural production or planting.

[0080] Below, by way of example, using corn cob as plant aggregate, chicken manure as nutrient, and starch as binder, the technical solution provided by the present invention will be described in detail. Of course, other plant aggregates or mineral aggregates, other nutrients, and other binders can also be used in the present invention, and their preparation methods are as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0081] Example 1:

[0082] Take 6 jin of corn cobs, 2 jin of dried chicken manure, 1 jin of starch, and tap water. Simultaneously, prepare the cultivation substrate provided by this invention using a 3D printing-like method. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0083] 1) Prepare soaking solution, agglomeration solution and adhesive solution separately; the soaking solution is an aqueous solution of chicken manure, wherein the concentration of chicken manure used is 10%; the agglomeration solution is water; the adhesive solution is a starch paste formed by starch and water, wherein the concentration of starch used is 60%.

[0084] 2) Crush the corn cob to obtain fine particles with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm. Soak the fine particles in the soaking solution. After 24 hours, take out the fine particles and let them air dry naturally to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm. Then spread the pre-treated support aggregate evenly to form a flat layer.

[0085] 3) Spray water on the upper surface of the paved layer (the spraying state is to ensure that the upper surface of the paved layer is relatively moist, so that physical aggregation can occur), and at the same time place it in a reciprocating horizontal vibrator and shake it at a speed of 80 rpm. During the shaking process, continue to spray water slowly to promote the pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm to form support particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm under the action of water.

[0086] 4) Mix the supporting particles obtained in step 3) with the dried chicken manure in a weight ratio of 2:1 to obtain a mixture. It should be noted that the dried chicken manure can be ground to ensure that its particle size is not larger than that of the supporting particles.

[0087] 5) Brush the mixture obtained in step 4) with starch paste to encapsulate the mixture in the starch paste, and then press it to obtain the first layer of mixture particles with a layer height of no more than 0.5 cm.

[0088] 6) Repeat steps 3) to 5) to obtain a second layer of mixed particles with a height of no more than 0.5 cm;

[0089] 7) Apply starch paste to the upper surface of the first layer of mixed granules, then stack the second layer of mixed granules on top of the first layer and press them together. Due to the high viscosity of the starch paste, a relatively firm or stable stacked material can be formed after stacking. Repeat this process until a stacked material with a layer height of 2 cm is obtained. Then, allow the stacked material to air dry naturally to obtain the cultivation substrate. For example, the cultivation substrate is layered or block-shaped, and when used, it is applied directly to the farmland by simply breaking it apart or kneading it.

[0090] Example 2:

[0091] Take 4 catties of corn cobs, 3 catties of dried chicken manure, 2 catties of starch, 0.5 catties of cellulase, and tap water, and prepare the cultivation substrate provided by this invention by rolling. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0092] 1) Prepare soaking solution, agglomeration solution and adhesive solution separately; the soaking solution is an aqueous solution of chicken manure, wherein the concentration of chicken manure used is 20%; the agglomeration solution is water; the adhesive solution is a starch paste formed by starch and water, wherein the concentration of starch used is 50%.

[0093] 2) Crush the corn cob to obtain fine particles with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm. Soak the fine particles in the soaking solution. After 24 hours, take out the fine particles and let them air dry naturally to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm. Then spread the pre-treated support aggregate evenly to form a flat layer.

[0094] 3) Spray water on the paved layer and place it in a reciprocating horizontal vibrator to shake at a speed of 100 rpm. Continue to spray water slowly during the shaking process to promote the pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm to form support particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm under the action of water.

[0095] 4) Mix the supporting particles obtained in step 3) with the dried chicken manure in a weight ratio of 3:1 to obtain a mixture. The particle size of the dried chicken manure is not larger than the particle size of the supporting particles.

[0096] 5) Brush starch paste onto the mixture obtained in step 4), and then embed it into a pile of supporting particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm. Place it in a reciprocating horizontal shaker and shake it. Continue to spray water slowly during the shaking process to promote the mixture to form mixed particles with a particle size of 3 cm under the action of the agglomeration liquid.

[0097] 6) After the mixed particles are naturally air-dried, the cultivation substrate is obtained. Obviously, through rolling (it should be noted that this rolling method is similar to the way of rolling glutinous rice balls in northern China), the final product is a spherical cultivation substrate, which can be directly sown in the field and is very convenient to use.

Claims

1. A cultivation substrate, characterized in that: The cultivation substrate is mainly composed of 40-60% supporting aggregate, 20-40% nutrients, 10-20% binder, and 5-20% water by weight.

2. The cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting aggregate is plant-based aggregate and / or mineral-based aggregate; when the supporting aggregate is plant-based aggregate, the plant-based aggregate is one or more of the following: corn plants, wheat plants, crop straw, rice straw, rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, corn cobs, peanut shells, vines, branches, bark, walnut shells, sawdust, cotton hulls, and cottonseed; when the supporting aggregate is mineral-based aggregate, the mineral-based aggregate is one or more of the following: calcium carbonate, montmorillonite, illite, and limestone.

3. The cultivation substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nutrients are one or more of the following: humic acid, humus, poultry and livestock manure, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, and slow-release fertilizer.

4. The cultivation substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adhesive is a plant-based adhesive and / or an animal-based adhesive; when the adhesive is a plant-based adhesive, the plant-based adhesive is starch, cellulose, tannin, gum arabic, and / or sodium alginate; when the adhesive is an animal-based adhesive, the animal-based adhesive is bone glue, fish glue, blood protein glue, casein, and / or shellac.

5. The cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The cultivation substrate also includes 0.5%-2% cellulase by weight.

6. The cultivation substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cellulase is one or more of C1 enzyme, Cx enzyme, and β-1,4-glucosidase.

7. A method for preparing a cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The preparation method involves fabrication using a 3D-like printing method or a rolling process.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the preparation method is carried out in a 3D printing-like manner, the preparation method includes the following steps: 1) Prepare soaking solution, agglomeration solution and adhesive solution respectively based on the raw materials of the cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1-6; Preferably, the soaking solution is an aqueous solution of nutrients; the concentration of nutrients in the soaking solution is 5-10%. The agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of water, nutrients, binder, and / or cellulase; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of nutrients, the concentration of nutrients in the agglomeration solution is 20-40%; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of binder, the concentration of binder in the agglomeration solution is 20-40%; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of cellulase, the concentration of cellulase in the agglomeration solution is 0.5-5%. The adhesive liquid is a paste formed by adhesive and water; the concentration of adhesive in the adhesive liquid is 40-70%; 2) Pre-treat the supporting aggregate to obtain pre-treated supporting aggregate with a particle size not greater than 0.2 mm, and then spread the pre-treated supporting aggregate evenly to form a flat layer; preferably, when the supporting aggregate is plant aggregate, the specific implementation method of the pre-treatment in step 2) is method one or method two: Method 1: Soak the support aggregate in the soaking solution for 24 hours, then remove the support aggregate and air dry it naturally. After that, crush the support aggregate to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm. Method 2: Crush the support aggregate to obtain fine particles with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm, soak the fine particles in the soaking solution, and after 24 hours, take out the fine particles and let them air dry naturally to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm. When the supporting aggregate is mineral aggregate, the specific implementation method of the pretreatment in step 2) is method three: Method 3: Crush the support aggregate to obtain pretreated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm; 3) Spray agglomerating liquid onto the upper surface of the paved layer, place it in a reciprocating horizontal vibrator and shake it. During the shaking process, continue to slowly spray agglomerating liquid to promote the formation of supporting particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm from the pretreated supporting aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm under the action of the agglomerating liquid; preferably, the rotation speed of the reciprocating horizontal vibrator is 50-100 rpm; preferably, when the supporting aggregate is plant aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of water, nutrients, binder and / or cellulase; when the supporting aggregate is mineral aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of binder. 4) The supporting particles obtained in step 3) are mixed with nutrients in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 to obtain a mixture, wherein the particle size of the nutrients is not larger than the particle size of the supporting particles. 5) Apply adhesive to the mixture obtained in step 4), and then press it to obtain the first layer of mixture particles with a layer height of no more than 0.5 cm; 6) Repeat steps 3) to 5) to obtain a second layer of mixed particles with a height of no more than 0.5 cm; 7) Apply adhesive to the upper surface of the first layer of mixture particles, then press and stack the second layer of mixture particles on top of the first layer of mixture particles. 8) Repeat step 7) until you get a stack of materials with a layer height of 1-3cm; 9) The stacked materials are air-dried naturally to obtain the cultivation substrate.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the preparation method is a rolling process, the preparation method includes the following steps: 1) Prepare soaking solution, agglomeration solution and adhesive solution respectively based on the raw materials of the cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1-6; Preferably, the soaking solution is an aqueous solution of nutrients; the concentration of nutrients in the soaking solution is 5-10%. The agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of water, nutrients, binder, and / or cellulase; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of nutrients, the concentration of nutrients in the agglomeration solution is 20-40%; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of binder, the concentration of binder in the agglomeration solution is 20-40%; when the agglomeration solution is an aqueous solution of cellulase, the concentration of cellulase in the agglomeration solution is 0.5-5%. The adhesive liquid is a paste formed by adhesive and water; the concentration of adhesive in the adhesive liquid is 40-70%; 2) Pre-treat the supporting aggregate to obtain pre-treated supporting aggregate with a particle size not greater than 0.2 mm, and then spread the pre-treated supporting aggregate evenly to form a flat layer; preferably, when the supporting aggregate is plant aggregate, step 2) is implemented in either method one or method two: Method 1: Soak the support aggregate in the soaking solution for 24 hours, then remove the support aggregate and air dry it naturally. After that, crush the support aggregate to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm. Method 2: Crush the support aggregate to obtain fine particles with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm, soak the fine particles in the soaking solution, and after 24 hours, take out the fine particles and let them air dry naturally to obtain pre-treated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm. When the supporting aggregate is mineral aggregate, step 2) is specifically implemented in method three: Method 3: Crush the support aggregate to obtain pretreated support aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm; 3) Spray agglomerating liquid onto the paved layer, place it in a reciprocating horizontal vibrator and shake it. During the shaking process, continue to slowly spray agglomerating liquid to promote the formation of supporting particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm from the pretreated supporting aggregate with a particle size of no more than 0.2 mm under the action of the agglomerating liquid; preferably, the rotation speed of the reciprocating horizontal vibrator is 50-100 rpm; preferably, when the supporting aggregate is plant aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of water or nutrients or an aqueous solution of binder; when the supporting aggregate is mineral aggregate, the agglomerating liquid is an aqueous solution of binder; 4) The supporting particles obtained in step 3) are mixed with nutrients in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 to obtain a mixture, wherein the particle size of the nutrients is not larger than the particle size of the supporting particles. 5) Apply adhesive liquid to the mixture obtained in step 4), embed it in a pile of supporting particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm, and then place it in a reciprocating horizontal shaker to shake. During the shaking process, continue to slowly spray agglomerating liquid to promote the mixture to form mixed particles with a particle size of 1-3 cm under the action of agglomerating liquid. 6) The mixture particles are air-dried naturally to obtain the cultivation substrate.

10. A cultivation substrate prepared according to the method for preparing a cultivation substrate as described in claim 7, 8, or 9, characterized in that: The cultivation substrate is generally in the form of blocks or granules.