Two-wheel and three-wheel electric vehicle charging pile system and method with battery detection function

Abstract

The application provides a two-wheel or three-wheel electric vehicle charging pile system and method with battery detection function, and belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle charging management. The system comprises a charging pile body, a plurality of charging adapters, a current battery and a charging adapter corresponding matching connection, a user registration and filing module configured on the charging pile body for registering and generating a blockchain battery passport, a charging monitoring module configured in the charging pile body for periodically confirming the current charging parameters of the battery before the current charging stage starts, continuously monitoring the health status of the battery, generating a health record, updating and storing the health record in the blockchain battery passport, and an alarm linkage module for synchronously forwarding an alarm signal to a community and a fire department where the charging pile body is located when the voltage of the current battery or the temperature rise of the current battery is abnormal during the charging process, forcibly terminating the charging process, and sending an alarm signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle charging management technology, and in particular to a charging pile system and method for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function. Background Technology

[0002] With industrial upgrading and technological development, the proportion of lithium-ion batteries in electric bicycles is rapidly increasing. Lithium-ion batteries, with their significant advantages such as high energy density, lightweight structure, and long cycle life, have become an ideal choice for electric bicycle power systems. However, the highly reactive chemical properties of their internal organic electrolytes mean that the positive and negative electrode materials are prone to violent exothermic reactions under thermal runaway conditions. Overcharging, over-discharging, short circuits, mechanical damage, or high-temperature environments can easily lead to safety accidents such as combustion and explosion. Of particular concern is that the safety of lithium-ion batteries exhibits a non-linear decline with increasing service life: aging effects such as electrode lithium plating, SEI film thickening, and electrolyte decomposition lead to increased internal resistance, significantly reduced thermal stability, and an exponential increase in accident risk. Different electric bicycles use varying battery management system technical standards and protection strategies, creating a chaotic situation that not only poses significant safety hazards but also results in severe resource waste. Retired lithium batteries are improperly disposed of or directly discarded due to a lack of effective health assessments, and the heavy metals and organic electrolytes within them cause persistent pollution to soil and water sources, severely hindering the sustainable development of the industry.

[0003] Currently, electric bicycle charging stations generally lack systematic pre-inspection capabilities for battery status, leading to a concentrated outbreak of safety hazards during charging. Although some products physically isolate the battery charging process, they cannot solve the problems of hazard monitoring and early warning during charging. While battery swapping has emerged in the market, which can solve the battery issue to some extent, it requires a single, fixed decoder and connection cable; otherwise, the swapped battery cannot be used, making it difficult to fundamentally solve the safety monitoring problem of existing two-wheeled / three-wheeled electric bicycles. Due to historical reasons in product development, existing two-wheeled / three-wheeled electric vehicles often use a mix of lead-acid and lithium batteries, with independent communication protocols. Existing monitoring systems mostly rely on limiting and switching charging power and current, and most have delayed response times, failing to trigger warnings within the critical 5 seconds in the event of a safety accident. The warning methods are too simplistic, and information cannot be effectively transmitted to operating companies and responsible parties. During charging, a fixed charging strategy is generally adopted, lacking dynamic response to battery status and failing to dynamically adjust based on the actual state of health (SOH) of the battery. Furthermore, existing detection technologies mostly rely on single-parameter threshold judgments, failing to establish a systematic safety detection system. Current charging station solutions for two-wheeled / three-wheeled electric vehicles can only limit charging power, lacking insulation fault detection units and temperature detection units for the charging interface. This discrete judgment makes it difficult to identify complex fault modes. Most charging facilities on the market lack information exchange mechanisms with batteries, making it impossible to establish regional monitoring and health records. For charging existing two-wheeled / three-wheeled electric vehicles within the jurisdiction where they are located, it is difficult to achieve pre-event warnings, in-event alerts, and post-event accountability in the event of a safety incident.

[0004] Therefore, it is essential to provide a charging pile system and method for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function, to construct a battery safety supervision system, a real-time charging monitoring system, and adaptive charging management, to establish a battery identity passport, to trace the performance of the battery throughout its entire life cycle, and to implement a joint supervision mechanism with the management of the charging pile's location. This is crucial for solving the charging safety problems of electric bicycles in complex environments and assessing the health status of batteries, and for effectively reducing the occurrence of safety incidents. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a charging pile system and method for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function, which can improve the lack of battery detection function in existing charging equipment, construct a grid-based information warehouse based on charging location, and realize full-process monitoring and early warning of charging.

[0006] On one hand, the present invention provides a charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function, comprising: The charging station itself is equipped with several charging adapters, and the current battery and charging adapter are matched and connected accordingly. The user registration and filing module is configured on the charging pile itself to provide a login interface, enable electric bicycle users to register and enter battery information, and generate a blockchain battery passport under the user's name; The charging monitoring module, configured within the charging pile itself, is used to periodically confirm the current charging parameters of the battery before the start of the current charging phase after the user has successfully registered and entered the battery information. During the charging process, the charging monitoring module continuously monitors the health status of the battery. After each charging is completed, a health record of the battery under the user's name is generated and stored in the blockchain battery passport. The alarm linkage module, configured within the charging pile itself, is used to detect abnormal voltage changes or temperature rises in the current battery during the charging process. Simultaneously, it forwards alarm signals to the community and fire department where the charging pile is located, forcibly terminates the charging process, and issues an alarm signal.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the charging adapter is used to feed a DC signal into the current battery; the DC signal is obtained by the charging pile body through rectification output.

[0008] Preferably, the blockchain battery passport is created after a user successfully registers. The user registration and filing module enters information including the user's name, contact information, battery rated capacity, battery manufacturer, battery rated voltage, and production date, and stores this information in different blocks of the blockchain.

[0009] Preferably, the periodic confirmation of the battery's current charging parameters before the start of the current charging phase refers to the charging monitoring module confirming the battery type after the battery is connected to the charging interface after initial registration. If the battery type is a lead-acid battery, the initial charging parameters of the lead-acid battery are immediately obtained and written into the established blockchain battery passport; if the battery type is a lithium battery, the voltage data of each cell of the battery are immediately read, cell consistency benchmark data is established, and written into the established blockchain battery passport. Depending on the type of battery and the duration of use, the charging monitoring module also periodically calculates the charging parameters of lead-acid batteries or the consistency of lithium battery cells. When the results of the lead-acid battery charging parameter calculation or the lithium battery cell consistency calculation exceed the set threshold, the charging monitoring module suggests that the user replace the battery, limit the charging current rate, or forcibly terminate the charging.

[0010] Further preferably, when the calculated charging parameters of the lead-acid battery or the consistency calculation of the lithium battery cell exceed a set threshold, the charging monitoring module suggests that the user replace the battery, limit the charging current rate, or forcibly terminate charging, including the following: 1) For lead-acid batteries, the charging monitoring module calculates charging parameters before each charge. If the current service life of the lead-acid battery exceeds its safe service life, but the calculated charging parameters do not exceed the first threshold, the charging monitoring module charges the battery and monitors the charging process. If the current service life exceeds the safe service life, and the calculated charging parameters exceed the first threshold for the first time, the charging monitoring module recommends that the user replace the battery. If the user accepts the recommendation, the charging monitoring module disconnects the charging adapter from the current lead-acid battery and stops charging. If the user ignores the suggestion and chooses to continue charging, the charging monitoring module maintains the connection between the charging adapter and the current lead-acid battery and continues charging. The charging monitoring module monitors the charging process and adds a first mark to the current lead-acid battery that has exceeded its service life and the charging parameter threshold. The charging monitoring module adds a countdown period to the current lead-acid battery with the first mark and sends the first mark information and the countdown period information to the user registration and filing module for storage. When the countdown period ends, regardless of whether the user ignores the suggestion, the charging monitoring module forcibly terminates the charging of the current lead-acid battery with the first mark. 2) For lithium batteries, before each charge, the charging monitoring module reads the voltage data of each cell and performs a consistency calculation. If the consistency calculation result does not exceed a second threshold, the charging monitoring module charges the lithium battery and monitors the charging process. If the consistency calculation result exceeds the second threshold, the charging monitoring module issues a warning to the user and reduces the charging current rate of the constant current charging process. At this time, the charging monitoring module asks the user whether to accept the reduction. If the user accepts the reduction, the charging monitoring module charges the lithium battery and monitors the charging process. If the user does not accept the reduction, the charging monitoring module prompts the user that the current lithium battery is aging, terminates the current charging process, and suggests replacing the current lithium battery. The charging monitoring module adds a second mark to the current lithium battery and sends the second mark information and the information on reducing the charging current rate of the constant current charging process to the user registration and filing module for storage. After the current lithium battery is connected to any charging pile, the charging monitoring module will ask whether to reduce the charging current rate of the constant current charging process until the user replaces the lithium battery.

[0011] More preferably, the lead-acid battery charging parameter calculation is performed by connecting a DC load to the output terminal of the current lead-acid battery and specifying the discharge current of the current lead-acid battery. I Record the terminal voltage at the start of discharge. U 0, and the terminal voltage at different discharge times. Un , n =1, 2, ..., NCalculate the sequence of voltage differences between the terminal voltage at the start of discharge and the terminal voltage at different discharge times, and divide each sequence of voltage differences by the discharge current. I Then, after averaging the results and removing the DC load, the internal resistance of the current lead-acid battery is obtained. R The result of the charging parameter calculation is used as the first threshold, with the lead-acid battery internal resistance deviation of 20% corresponding to the initial charging parameters of the lead-acid battery. The consistency calculation of the lithium battery cells involves calculating that the voltage deviation of each cell does not exceed a consistency threshold, which is used as a second threshold.

[0012] More preferably, the charging monitoring module continuously monitors the battery's health status during the charging process; after each charging cycle, it generates a health profile for the battery under the user's name and stores it in the blockchain battery passport, which includes the following: During constant current charging, the charging monitoring module monitors the current battery voltage change rate, temperature change rate, or cell consistency. If the calculated results of the voltage change rate, temperature change rate, or cell consistency remain within the set health threshold range, constant current charging is maintained until the current battery voltage reaches the set value, and then the constant voltage charging process is switched to. During constant voltage charging, if the current battery voltage remains constant, the charging current is gradually reduced until the user-set charging time is reached. If the current battery voltage increases sequentially at consecutive sampling times, the charging current is reduced to 1 / 10 of the current value. After a period of time, several consecutive sampling times are observed. If the current battery voltage remains stable, the current charging current is maintained until the user-set charging time is reached. If the current battery voltage continues to increase sequentially after reducing the charging current, the charging monitoring module issues a warning message to the user and immediately disconnects the physical connection with the current battery, stopping the constant voltage charging process. If no user-set charging time is entered, the charging monitoring module disconnects the physical connection with the current battery and forcibly terminates the constant voltage charging process after the current battery reaches the maximum charging time defaulted to by the charging monitoring module. If the rate of change of voltage or temperature is outside the set health threshold range at a certain moment during constant current charging, a warning message will be issued to the user, the charging monitoring module will disconnect from the physical connection of the current battery, and the constant current charging process will be forcibly terminated. The charging monitoring module generates a health record for each moment when the charging current rate of the current battery's constant current charging process is reduced, the charging process is completed, or the charging process is forcibly terminated, and stores this record in the current battery's blockchain battery passport.

[0013] In a further preferred embodiment, the charging monitoring module also includes a capacity decay calculation step, used to assess the current capacity decay level of the battery after the charging process has been completed, and record it in the health record; For lead-acid batteries, obtain the current internal resistance of the lead-acid battery. R If the current lead-acid battery's internal resistance R If the deviation from the first threshold exceeds 20%, the charging monitoring module sends a first battery aging signal to the user registration and filing module. Upon receiving the first battery aging signal, the user registration and filing module suggests to the user that the current lead-acid battery be replaced. If the internal resistance of the current lead-acid battery is... R When the deviation from the first threshold is no more than 20%, the charging monitoring module does not generate the first battery aging signal; For lithium batteries, if the capacity decay is no greater than 0.8, the charging monitoring module sends a second battery aging signal to the user registration and filing module. After receiving the second battery aging signal, the user registration and filing module suggests to the user that the current lithium battery be replaced. If the capacity decay is greater than 0.8, the charging monitoring module does not generate a second battery aging signal.

[0014] In a further preferred embodiment, after the charging monitoring module forcibly terminates the charging process, it marks the current battery as abnormal and stores this information in the current battery's blockchain battery passport. When the current battery with the abnormal mark interacts with any charging station again, the user registration and filing module reads the current battery's blockchain battery passport, detects the abnormal mark, and then reads the reasons for the most recent three or more consecutive odd-numbered forced terminations of the charging process. If the voltage change rate or temperature change rate of the current lead-acid battery is outside the set health threshold range at a certain moment during constant current charging, or if the current lead-acid battery has exceeded its safe service life and is in the countdown period, the user registration and filing module will reject the charging request of the current lead-acid battery and issue an alarm signal, and simultaneously send the alarm signal to the community or fire department where the charging pile is located. In cases where, during constant-voltage charging, the battery voltage continues to increase even after the charging current is reduced, leading to the cessation of the constant-voltage charging process, an assessment should be made based on the current degree of battery aging. If the internal resistance of the lead-acid battery is... R If the deviation from the first threshold does not exceed 20%, then during the subsequent charging process of the current battery, the constant current charging process will be replaced by current-limited charging, and after the constant current charging process ends, the constant voltage charging process will begin; if the internal resistance of the current lead-acid battery is... R If the deviation from the first threshold exceeds 20%, the constant current charging process will be current-limited during the subsequent charging process of the current battery, and the current during the constant voltage process will also be reduced accordingly. If the lithium battery aging level is greater than 0.8, then the constant current charging process and constant voltage charging process will proceed normally during the subsequent charging process of the current battery; if the current lithium battery aging level is no more than 0.8, then the constant current charging process will proceed normally during the subsequent charging process of the current battery, while the charging power will be limited during the constant voltage charging process.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for using a charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function, comprising the following steps: S1: A charging pile system with battery detection function as described above; S2: User registration. The charging pile itself is equipped with a user registration and filing module. Users can log in by scanning a QR code, interacting with a touch screen, or registering via a mini-program. After identity verification, users enter battery information upon their first login, initialize and generate a blockchain battery passport under the user's name. S3: Charging monitoring. Before the start of the current charging phase, the current charging parameters of the battery are periodically confirmed. The confirmed content includes the current battery usage time and the charging current rate of the constant current charging process determined by internal resistance monitoring or consistency calculation. The charging monitoring module continuously monitors the health status of the battery during constant current charging and constant voltage charging. After each normal charging ends or the charging process is forcibly terminated, a health record of the battery under the user's name is generated and stored in the blockchain battery passport. S4: Alarm linkage. During the charging process, if the battery voltage changes or temperature rise is abnormal, or if the charging process is forcibly terminated, an alarm signal will be issued. At the same time, the alarm signal will be forwarded to the community or fire department where the charging pile is located for investigation and to eliminate potential safety risks with the user.

[0016] The charging pile system and method for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function provided by this invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) After user registration, an independent blockchain battery passport is established for the battery, permanently recording user information, battery initial information, and health record content for each charge. This enables each battery to have a unique and traceable record, facilitating the system to promptly determine the battery's reliability status. Blockchain storage has distributed and tamper-proof functions. (2) This application regularly monitors parameters such as voltage, temperature, internal resistance, and cell consistency during the charging process, and adopts a graded strategy for abnormal response such as warning, reducing the charging current rate, and forcibly terminating charging based on the severity of the abnormality detected. When the battery health condition deteriorates significantly or there is a risk, it will advise the user to replace the current battery or limit the charging conditions in advance to prevent thermal runaway. (3) The charging process can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time state of the battery, such as internal resistance, cell consistency, and aging degree, to dynamically adjust the charging current rate, or decide to skip the constant voltage charging stage to avoid overcharging of the battery. (4) Abnormal content during the charging process will be recorded in the blockchain battery passport. When the marked battery is connected to any charging pile, it can be effectively identified, and the service will be refused and an alarm will be triggered to prevent the problematic battery from causing an accident in the community. Abnormal accidents will be reported to the community or fire department to shorten the emergency response time. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the charging pile system and method for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function according to the present invention. Figure 2 This describes the workflow of the user registration and filing module of the two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicle charging pile system and method with battery detection function of the present invention. Figure 3 This invention provides a workflow for periodically confirming the current charging parameters of a battery in a two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicle charging pile system and method with battery detection function. Figure 4 This describes the collaborative workflow of the charging monitoring module and alarm linkage module in the two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicle charging pile system and method with battery detection function of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the male charging interface of the charging pile system and method for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the charging interface female connector of the charging pile system and method for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] There are many types of batteries on the market, and charging facilities generally lack information exchange mechanisms with batteries. It is impossible to establish targeted monitoring health records for a region, trace back the charging process, and reasonably plan charging parameters or warn of risks. It is difficult to achieve pre-emptive prevention, in-process warning and post-event accountability for battery thermal runaway.

[0021] In view of this, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one aspect, the present invention provides a charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function, comprising: The charging station itself is equipped with several charging adapters to facilitate better connection, such as... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the charging adapter is used to feed a DC signal into the current battery; the DC signal is obtained by the charging pile body through rectification. The charging adapter in this embodiment is equipped with a male and female charging interface, which are respectively located on the vehicle side and the charging pile body. Preferably, a trapezoidal notch structure with a foolproof design can be used.

[0022] The user registration and profile creation module, configured on the charging station itself, provides a login interface for electric bicycle users to register, enter battery information, and generate a blockchain battery passport under the user's name; see attached... Figure 2 First-time users need to register and fill in battery information, while users who have used the device before need to log in and verify their identity to obtain the battery's charging history. After completing registration and login, users can connect the battery to the hardware.

[0023] The blockchain battery passport mentioned here is a system where, after a user successfully registers, the user registration module enters information including the user's name, contact information, battery's rated capacity, battery manufacturer, battery rated voltage, and production date, and stores this information in different blocks of the blockchain.

[0024] For lead-acid batteries, manual input is required from the user. For lithium batteries with a BMS, the user registration module can directly read information such as the battery's rated capacity, manufacturer, rated voltage, and production date through the charging adapter.

[0025] The charging monitoring module, configured within the charging pile itself, communicates with the user registration and filing module. After a user successfully registers and enters battery information, it periodically confirms the current charging parameters of the battery before the start of the current charging phase. During the charging process, the charging monitoring module continuously monitors the health status of the battery. After each charging session, it generates a health record for the battery under the user's name and stores it in the blockchain battery passport. The alarm linkage module is configured inside the charging pile and communicates with the charging detection module. It is used to obtain information on abnormal voltage changes or temperature rises of the current battery during the charging process, or to detect situations where the charging process is forcibly terminated, and to issue an alarm signal. At the same time, the alarm signal is forwarded to the community or fire department where the charging pile is located.

[0026] The above-mentioned method involves acquiring and establishing a blockchain-based battery passport for the battery, storing parameters or abnormal states during the battery charging process, and achieving blockchain-based data preservation to prevent data tampering. Furthermore, it can coordinate with the community where the charging station is located to identify batteries that are malfunctioning, effectively achieving pre-emptive prevention, in-process early warning, and post-event analysis of abnormal battery states.

[0027] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for using a charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function, including the following steps: S1: The charging pile system with battery detection function described above.

[0028] S2: User Registration. The charging station itself is equipped with a user registration and filing module. Users can log in via QR code scanning, touchscreen interaction, or mini-program registration. Upon first login after identity verification, users enter battery information, initialize and generate a blockchain battery passport under their name. If the user has already registered, they need to enter their account login information. Before charging, the charging interface and the battery being charged will mutually recognize and coordinate to confirm the charging parameters before charging can begin.

[0029] S3: Charging monitoring. Before the start of the current charging phase, the current charging parameters of the battery are periodically confirmed. The confirmed content includes the current battery usage time and the charging current ratio of the constant current charging process determined by internal resistance monitoring or consistency calculation. The charging monitoring module continuously monitors the health status of the battery during constant current charging and constant voltage charging. After each normal charging ends or the charging process is forcibly terminated, a health record of the battery under the user's name is generated and stored in the blockchain battery passport.

[0030] S31: Before the current charging phase begins, the current charging parameters of the battery are periodically confirmed. After the battery is first registered and connected to the charging interface, the charging monitoring module confirms the battery type. If the battery type is lead-acid battery, the initial charging parameters of the lead-acid battery are immediately obtained and written into the established blockchain battery passport. If the battery type is lithium battery, the voltage data of each cell of the battery are immediately read, cell consistency benchmark data is established and written into the established blockchain battery passport. Depending on the type of battery and the duration of use, the charging monitoring module also periodically calculates the charging parameters of lead-acid batteries or the consistency of lithium battery cells. When the results of the lead-acid battery charging parameter calculation or the lithium battery cell consistency calculation exceed the set threshold, the charging monitoring module suggests that the user replace the battery, limit the charging current rate, or forcibly terminate the charging.

[0031] When the calculated charging parameters of lead-acid batteries or the consistency calculation results of lithium battery cells exceed the set threshold, the charging monitoring module will suggest that the user replace the battery, limit the charging current rate, or forcibly terminate charging, including the following: 1) For lead-acid batteries, the charging monitoring module calculates charging parameters before each charge. If the current service life of the lead-acid battery exceeds its safe service life, but the calculated charging parameters do not exceed the first threshold, the charging monitoring module charges the battery and monitors the charging process. If the current service life exceeds the safe service life, and the calculated charging parameters exceed the first threshold for the first time, the charging monitoring module recommends that the user replace the battery. If the user accepts the recommendation, the charging monitoring module disconnects the charging adapter from the current lead-acid battery and stops charging. If the user ignores the suggestion and chooses to continue charging, the charging monitoring module maintains the connection between the charging adapter and the current lead-acid battery and continues charging. The charging monitoring module monitors the charging process and adds a first mark to the current lead-acid battery that has exceeded its service life and the charging parameter threshold. The charging monitoring module adds a countdown period to the current lead-acid battery with the first mark and sends the first mark information and the countdown period information to the user registration and filing module for storage. When the countdown period ends, regardless of whether the user ignores the suggestion, the charging monitoring module forcibly terminates the charging of the current lead-acid battery with the first mark. Taking lead-acid batteries as an example, the safe service life is usually five years. After the battery exceeds the safe service life, the internal resistance should be monitored before each charge. If the battery has been used for less than the safe service life, the internal resistance should be monitored before charging at fixed time intervals.

[0032] The calculation of lead-acid battery charging parameters involves connecting a DC load to the output terminal of the current lead-acid battery and specifying the current discharge current of the battery. I Record the terminal voltage at the start of discharge. U 0, and the terminal voltage at different discharge times. Un , n =1, 2, ..., N Calculate the sequence of voltage differences between the terminal voltage at the start of discharge and the terminal voltage at different discharge times, and divide each sequence of voltage differences by the discharge current. IThen, after averaging the results and removing the DC load, the internal resistance of the current lead-acid battery is obtained. R , The result is used as the result of the charging parameter calculation; the first threshold is 20% of the lead-acid battery internal resistance deviation corresponding to the initial charging parameters of the lead-acid battery.

[0033] 2) For lithium batteries, before each charge, the charging monitoring module reads the voltage data of each cell and performs a consistency calculation. If the consistency calculation result does not exceed a second threshold, the charging monitoring module charges the lithium battery and monitors the charging process. If the consistency calculation result exceeds the second threshold, the charging monitoring module issues a warning to the user and reduces the charging current rate of the constant current charging process. At this time, the charging monitoring module asks the user whether to accept the reduction. If the user accepts the reduction, the charging monitoring module charges the lithium battery and monitors the charging process. If the user does not accept the reduction, the charging monitoring module prompts the user that the current lithium battery is aging, terminates the current charging process, and suggests replacing the current lithium battery. The charging monitoring module adds a second mark to the current lithium battery and sends the second mark information and the information on reducing the charging current rate of the constant current charging process to the user registration and filing module for storage. After the current lithium battery is connected to any charging pile, the charging monitoring module will ask whether to reduce the charging current rate of the constant current charging process until the user replaces the lithium battery.

[0034] The consistency test of lithium battery cells involves calculating that the voltage deviation of each cell does not exceed a consistency threshold, which is then used as a second threshold.

[0035] Voltage deviation in lithium battery cell consistency calculation includes the difference between cell voltage extreme values. and cell voltage standard deviation , , This refers to the voltage of a single battery cell. , The first threshold is the average voltage of all cells in the current battery. The second threshold is the difference between the extreme values ​​of the cell voltages. Greater than 100mV or standard deviation of cell voltage Greater than 30mV.

[0036] S32: The charging monitoring module continuously monitors the battery's health status during the charging process; after each charging cycle, it generates a health profile for the battery under the user's name and stores it in the blockchain battery passport, which includes the following information: During constant current charging, the charging monitoring module monitors the current battery voltage change rate, temperature change rate, or cell consistency. If the calculated results of the voltage change rate, temperature change rate, or cell consistency remain within the set health threshold range, constant current charging is maintained until the current battery voltage reaches the set value, and then the constant voltage charging process is initiated. Here, the voltage change rate VCR is set to (voltage at the current sampling time - voltage at the previous sampling time) / sampling period, and the temperature change rate TCR is set to (temperature at the current sampling time - temperature at the previous sampling time) / sampling period. During constant current charging, the voltage change rate VCR is set to range from 0.01V / min to 0.05V / min, and the temperature change rate TCR is set to range below 0.5℃ / min.

[0037] During constant voltage charging, if the current battery voltage remains constant, the charging current is gradually reduced until the user-set charging time is reached. If the current battery voltage increases sequentially at consecutive sampling times, the charging current is reduced to 1 / 10 of the current value. After a period of time, several consecutive sampling times are observed. If the current battery voltage remains stable, the current charging current is maintained until the user-set charging time is reached. If the current battery voltage continues to increase sequentially after reducing the charging current, the charging monitoring module issues a warning message to the user and immediately disconnects the physical connection with the current battery, stopping the constant voltage charging process. If no user-set charging time is entered, the charging monitoring module disconnects the physical connection with the current battery and forcibly terminates the constant voltage charging process after the current battery reaches the maximum charging time defaulted to by the charging monitoring module. If the rate of change of voltage or temperature is outside the set health threshold range at a certain moment during constant current charging, a warning message will be issued to the user, the charging monitoring module will disconnect from the physical connection of the current battery, and the constant current charging process will be forcibly terminated. The charging monitoring module generates a health record for each moment when the charging current rate of the current battery's constant current charging process is reduced, the charging process is completed, or the charging process is forcibly terminated, and stores this record in the current battery's blockchain battery passport.

[0038] In this embodiment, the maximum charging time of the charging monitoring module is set to 6-10 hours by default. This is to avoid overcharging caused by prolonged charging and to prevent battery damage.

[0039] S33: The charging monitoring module also includes a capacity decay calculation step, which is used to assess the current capacity decay of the battery after the charging process has been completed and record it in the health record.

[0040] For lead-acid batteries, obtain the current internal resistance of the lead-acid battery. R If the current lead-acid battery's internal resistance RIf the deviation from the first threshold exceeds 20%, the charging monitoring module sends a first battery aging signal to the user registration and filing module. Upon receiving the first battery aging signal, the user registration and filing module suggests to the user that the current lead-acid battery be replaced. If the internal resistance of the current lead-acid battery is... R When the deviation from the first threshold is no more than 20%, the charging monitoring module does not generate the first battery aging signal; For lithium batteries, if the capacity decay is no greater than 0.8, the charging monitoring module sends a second battery aging signal to the user registration and filing module. After receiving the second battery aging signal, the user registration and filing module suggests to the user that the current lithium battery be replaced. If the capacity decay is greater than 0.8, the charging monitoring module does not generate a second battery aging signal.

[0041] The degree of capacity decay is calculated using the following formula: , This represents the actual capacity of the current battery. , This is the current rated capacity of the battery. The capacity during the constant current charging phase. This refers to the capacity during the constant voltage charging phase. For constant current charging current, Constant current charging time; The constant voltage charging time. For the constant voltage charging stage in time t The average current.

[0042] S4: Alarm linkage. During the charging process, if the battery voltage changes or temperature rise is abnormal, or if the charging process is forcibly terminated, an alarm signal will be issued. At the same time, the alarm signal will be forwarded to the community or fire department where the charging pile is located for investigation and to eliminate potential safety risks with the user.

[0043] After the charging monitoring module forcibly terminates the charging process, it marks the current battery as abnormal and stores it in the current battery's blockchain battery passport. When the current battery with the abnormal mark interacts with any charging station again, the user registration and filing module reads the current battery's blockchain battery passport, detects the abnormal mark, and reads the reasons for the most recent three or more consecutive odd-numbered forced terminations of the charging process: If the voltage or temperature change rate of the lead-acid battery is outside the set health threshold range at a certain moment during constant current charging, or if the current lead-acid battery is in the countdown period after its service life has exceeded its safe service life, the user registration and filing module will reject the charging request of the current lead-acid battery and issue an alarm signal, and simultaneously send the alarm signal to the community or fire department where the charging pile is located.

[0044] In cases where, during constant-voltage charging, the battery voltage continues to increase even after the charging current is reduced, leading to the cessation of the constant-voltage charging process, an assessment should be made based on the current degree of battery aging. If the internal resistance of the lead-acid battery is... R If the deviation from the first threshold does not exceed 20%, then during the subsequent charging process of the current battery, the constant current charging process will be replaced by current-limited charging, and after the constant current charging process ends, the constant voltage charging process will begin; if the internal resistance of the current lead-acid battery is... R If the deviation from the first threshold exceeds 20%, the constant current charging process will be current-limited during the subsequent charging process of the current battery, and the current during the constant voltage process will also be reduced accordingly. If the lithium battery aging level is greater than 0.8, then the constant current charging process and constant voltage charging process will proceed normally during the subsequent charging process of the current battery; if the current lithium battery aging level is no more than 0.8, then the constant current charging process will proceed normally during the subsequent charging process of the current battery, while the charging power will be limited during the constant voltage charging process.

[0045] Any battery with an abnormal marking carries a potential risk. Setting limits on the cause of the marking and the next charge can help stabilize the charging process and prevent abnormalities during charging.

[0046] When at least one charging battery experiences thermal runaway, the alarm linkage module will activate immediately, starting the temperature control function of the charging pile itself, monitoring the internal temperature of each charging adapter in real time, disconnecting the charging lines of all batteries, issuing audible and visual alarm signals to warn nearby personnel not to approach, and reporting a fire alarm. The signal can be connected to management platforms such as fire departments and property management. The fire extinguishing device pre-installed in the charging compartment will release extinguishing substances under certain temperature conditions to delay thermal runaway, prevent further damage, and buy more time for fire rescue.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function, characterized in that, include: The charging station itself is equipped with several charging adapters, and the current battery and charging adapter are matched and connected accordingly. The user registration and filing module is configured on the charging pile itself to provide a login interface, enable electric bicycle users to register and enter battery information, and generate a blockchain battery passport under the user's name; The charging monitoring module, configured within the charging pile itself, periodically confirms the battery's current charging parameters before the start of the current charging phase after successful user registration and battery information entry. During charging, the module continuously monitors the battery's health status. After each charging cycle, it generates a health profile for the user's battery and stores it in a blockchain-based battery passport, including the following information: During constant current charging, the charging monitoring module monitors the current battery voltage change rate, temperature change rate, or cell consistency. If the calculated results of the voltage change rate, temperature change rate, or cell consistency remain within the set health threshold range, constant current charging is maintained until the current battery voltage reaches the set value, and then the constant voltage charging process is switched to. During constant voltage charging, if the current battery voltage remains constant, the charging current is reduced in stages until the user-set charging time is reached. If the current battery voltage increases sequentially at consecutive sampling moments, the charging current is reduced to 1 / 10 of the current value. After waiting for a period of time, several consecutive sampling moments are observed again. If the current battery voltage remains stable, the current charging current is maintained to charge until the user-set charging time is reached. If the voltage of the current battery continues to increase after the charging current is reduced, the charging monitoring module will issue a warning message to the user and immediately disconnect the physical connection with the current battery to stop the constant voltage charging process. If the user has not entered the charging time set by the user, the charging monitoring module will disconnect the physical connection with the current battery and forcibly terminate the constant voltage charging process after the current battery reaches the maximum charging time set by the charging monitoring module by default. If the rate of change of voltage or temperature is outside the set health threshold range at a certain moment during constant current charging, a warning message will be issued to the user, the charging monitoring module will disconnect from the physical connection of the current battery, and the constant current charging process will be forcibly terminated. The charging monitoring module generates a health record for each moment when reducing the charging current rate during the constant current charging process of the current battery, completing the charging process, or forcibly terminating the charging process, and stores it in the current battery's blockchain battery passport. The alarm linkage module, configured within the charging pile itself, is used to detect abnormal voltage changes or temperature rises in the current battery during the charging process. Simultaneously, it forwards alarm signals to the community and fire department where the charging pile is located, forcibly terminates the charging process, and issues an alarm signal.

2. A charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging adapter is used to feed a DC signal into the current battery; the DC signal is obtained by the charging pile body through rectification output.

3. A charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The blockchain battery passport is created after a user successfully registers. The user registration and filing module enters information including the user's name, contact information, battery rated capacity, battery manufacturer, battery rated voltage, and production date, and stores it in different blocks of the blockchain.

4. A charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before the current charging phase begins, the periodic confirmation of the battery's current charging parameters is performed. After the battery is first registered and connected to the charging interface, the charging monitoring module confirms the battery type. If the battery type is a lead-acid battery, the initial charging parameters of the lead-acid battery are immediately obtained and written into the established blockchain battery passport. If the battery type is a lithium battery, the voltage data of each cell of the battery are immediately read, cell consistency benchmark data is established, and written into the established blockchain battery passport. Depending on the type of battery and the duration of use, the charging monitoring module also periodically calculates the charging parameters of lead-acid batteries or the consistency of lithium battery cells. When the results of the lead-acid battery charging parameter calculation or the lithium battery cell consistency calculation exceed the set threshold, the charging monitoring module suggests that the user replace the battery, limit the charging current rate, or forcibly terminate the charging.

5. A charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the calculated charging parameters of lead-acid batteries or the consistency calculation results of lithium battery cells exceed the set threshold, the charging monitoring module will suggest that the user replace the battery, limit the charging current rate, or forcibly terminate charging, including the following: 1) For lead-acid batteries, the charging monitoring module calculates the charging parameters before each charge. If the current service life of the lead-acid battery exceeds the safe service life, but the result of the charging parameter calculation does not exceed the first threshold, the charging monitoring module charges the current lead-acid battery and monitors the charging process. If the current service life exceeds the safe service life and the charging parameter calculation result exceeds the first threshold for the first time, the charging monitoring module will suggest that the user replace the battery. If the user accepts the suggestion, the charging monitoring module will disconnect the charging adapter from the current lead-acid battery and stop charging. If the user ignores the suggestion and chooses to continue charging, the charging monitoring module will maintain the connection between the charging adapter and the current lead-acid battery and continue charging. The charging monitoring module will monitor the charging process and add a first mark to the current lead-acid battery that has exceeded its service life and the charging parameter threshold. The charging monitoring module will add a countdown period to the current lead-acid battery with the first mark and send the first mark information and the countdown period information to the user registration and filing module for storage. When the countdown period ends, regardless of whether the user ignores the suggestion, the charging monitoring module will forcibly terminate the charging of the current lead-acid battery with the first mark. 2) For lithium batteries, before each charge, the charging monitoring module reads the voltage data of each cell and performs a current cell consistency calculation. If the current cell consistency calculation result does not exceed the second threshold, the charging monitoring module charges the lithium battery and monitors the charging process. If the current cell consistency calculation result exceeds the second threshold, the charging monitoring module issues a warning to the user and reduces the charging current rate of the constant current charging process. At this time, the charging monitoring module asks the user whether to accept the reduction. If the user accepts the reduction in the charging current rate, the charging monitoring module charges the lithium battery and monitors the charging process. If the user does not accept the reduction in the charging current rate, the charging monitoring module prompts the user that the current lithium battery is aging, terminates the current charging process, and suggests replacing the current lithium battery. The charging monitoring module adds a second mark to the current lithium battery and sends the second mark information and the information on reducing the charging current rate of the constant current charging process to the user registration and filing module for storage. Currently, after a lithium battery is connected to any charging station, the charging monitoring module will ask whether to reduce the charging current rate during the constant current charging process, until the user replaces the lithium battery with a new one.

6. A charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation of the lead-acid battery charging parameters involves connecting a DC load to the output terminal of the current lead-acid battery and specifying the current discharge current of the lead-acid battery. I Record the terminal voltage at the start of discharge. U 0, and the terminal voltage at different discharge times. Un , n =1, 2, ..., N Calculate the sequence of voltage differences between the terminal voltage at the start of discharge and the terminal voltage at different discharge times, and divide each sequence of voltage differences by the discharge current. I Then, after averaging the results and removing the DC load, the internal resistance of the current lead-acid battery is obtained. R The result of the charging parameter calculation is used as the first threshold, with the lead-acid battery internal resistance deviation of 20% corresponding to the initial charging parameters of the lead-acid battery. The consistency calculation of the lithium battery cells involves calculating that the voltage deviation of each cell does not exceed a consistency threshold, which is used as a second threshold.

7. A charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging monitoring module also includes a capacity decay calculation step, which is used to assess the current capacity decay of the battery after the charging process has been completed and record it in the health record. For lead-acid batteries, obtain the current internal resistance of the lead-acid battery. R If the current lead-acid battery's internal resistance R If the deviation from the first threshold exceeds 20%, the charging monitoring module sends a first battery aging signal to the user registration and filing module. After receiving the first battery aging signal, the user registration and filing module suggests to the user that the current lead-acid battery be replaced. If the current internal resistance of the lead-acid battery R When the deviation from the first threshold is no more than 20%, the charging monitoring module does not generate the first battery aging signal; For lithium batteries, if the capacity decay is no greater than 0.8, the charging monitoring module sends a second battery aging signal to the user registration and filing module. After receiving the second battery aging signal, the user registration and filing module suggests to the user that the current lithium battery be replaced. If the capacity decay is greater than 0.8, the charging monitoring module does not generate a second battery aging signal.

8. A charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the charging monitoring module forcibly terminates the charging process, it marks the current battery as abnormal and stores it in the current battery's blockchain battery passport. When the current battery with the abnormal marker interacts with any charging station again, the user registration and filing module reads the current battery's blockchain battery passport. After detecting the abnormal marker, it reads the reasons for the more than three consecutive odd-numbered forced terminations of the charging process: If the voltage change rate or temperature change rate of the current lead-acid battery is outside the set health threshold range at a certain moment during constant current charging, or if the current lead-acid battery has exceeded its safe service life and is in the countdown period, the user registration and filing module will reject the charging request of the current lead-acid battery and issue an alarm signal, and simultaneously send the alarm signal to the community or fire department where the charging pile is located. In cases where, during constant-voltage charging, the battery voltage continues to increase even after the charging current is reduced, leading to the cessation of the constant-voltage charging process, an assessment should be made based on the current degree of battery aging. If the internal resistance of the lead-acid battery is... R If the deviation from the first threshold does not exceed 20%, then during the subsequent charging process of the current battery, the constant current charging process will be replaced by current-limited charging, and after the constant current charging process ends, the constant voltage charging process will begin; if the internal resistance of the current lead-acid battery is... R If the deviation from the first threshold exceeds 20%, the constant current charging process will be current-limited during the subsequent charging process of the current battery, and the current during the constant voltage process will also be reduced accordingly. If the lithium battery aging level is greater than 0.8, then the constant current charging process and constant voltage charging process will be carried out normally during the subsequent charging process of the current battery. If the current lithium battery aging level does not exceed 0.8, then during the subsequent charging process of the current battery, the constant current charging process will proceed normally, while the charging power will be limited during the constant voltage charging process.

9. A method of using a charging pile system for two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric vehicles with battery detection function, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Configure a charging pile system with battery detection function as described in any one of claims 1-8; S2: User registration. The charging pile itself is equipped with a user registration and filing module. Users can log in by scanning a QR code, interacting with a touch screen, or registering via a mini-program. After identity verification, users enter battery information upon their first login, initialize and generate a blockchain battery passport under the user's name. S3: Charging monitoring. Before the start of the current charging phase, the current charging parameters of the battery are periodically confirmed. The confirmed content includes the current battery usage time and the charging current rate of the constant current charging process is determined by internal resistance monitoring or consistency calculation. The charging monitoring module continuously monitors the battery's health status during constant current charging and constant voltage charging. After each normal charging cycle ends or the charging process is forcibly terminated, a health record of the battery under the user's name is generated and stored in the blockchain battery passport. Includes the following: During constant current charging, the charging monitoring module monitors the current battery voltage change rate, temperature change rate, or cell consistency. If the calculated results of the voltage change rate, temperature change rate, or cell consistency remain within the set health threshold range, constant current charging is maintained until the current battery voltage reaches the set value, and then the constant voltage charging process is switched to. During constant voltage charging, if the current battery voltage remains constant, the charging current is reduced in stages until the user-set charging time is reached. If the current battery voltage increases sequentially at consecutive sampling moments, the charging current is reduced to 1 / 10 of the current value. After waiting for a period of time, several consecutive sampling moments are observed again. If the current battery voltage remains stable, the current charging current is maintained to charge until the user-set charging time is reached. If the voltage of the current battery continues to increase after the charging current is reduced, the charging monitoring module will issue a warning message to the user and immediately disconnect the physical connection with the current battery to stop the constant voltage charging process. If the user has not entered the charging time set by the user, the charging monitoring module will disconnect the physical connection with the current battery and forcibly terminate the constant voltage charging process after the current battery reaches the maximum charging time set by the charging monitoring module by default. If the rate of change of voltage or temperature is outside the set health threshold range at a certain moment during constant current charging, a warning message will be issued to the user, the charging monitoring module will disconnect from the physical connection of the current battery, and the constant current charging process will be forcibly terminated. The charging monitoring module generates a health record for each moment when reducing the charging current rate during the constant current charging process of the current battery, completing the charging process, or forcibly terminating the charging process, and stores it in the current battery's blockchain battery passport. S4: Alarm linkage. During the charging process, if the battery voltage changes or temperature rise is abnormal, or if the charging process is forcibly terminated, an alarm signal will be issued. At the same time, the alarm signal will be forwarded to the community or fire department where the charging pile is located for investigation and to eliminate potential safety risks with the user.

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