Golden snub monkey habitat corridor construction method based on multi-factor resistance layer and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a golden snub monkey habitat corridor construction method based on a multi-factor resistance layer and application, and relates to the technical field of landscape ecology, the golden snub monkey habitat corridor construction method comprises the following steps: constructing an exclusive multi-factor system containing natural resistance, man-made interference resistance and refined ecological resistance factors, and distinguishing evaluation factors and interference factor differences suitable for a habitat and a movable corridor; acquiring corresponding data, including vegetation data acquired by remote sensing images, topographic data acquired by a meteorological station, man-made interference and ecological data acquired by field investigation, and golden-nosed monkey movement track data acquired by a GPS necklace; the standardized data is a set resistance value interval; determining a factor weight by using an analytic hierarchy process and an entropy weight method in combination with the motion trail to form two types of resistance layers; after a resistance layer is superposed, a candidate path is generated by using a minimum cost path algorithm; the activity frequency is monitored through an infrared camera, and a standard reaching path is reserved as a final corridor. According to the method, the one-sided problem of traditional factor selection is solved, the scientificity and practicability of galleries are improved, and golden snub monkey population connectivity restoration is assisted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of landscape ecology, in particular to a Sichuan golden monkey habitat corridor construction method based on a multi-factor resistance layer and application. BACKGROUND

[0002] The Sichuan golden monkey is mainly distributed in the alpine coniferous forest-broad-leaved forest belt in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu, and its original continuous habitat is divided into isolated "patches" due to human activities. Fragmentation leads to geographic isolation between populations, hinders gene exchange, and small populations are prone to inbreeding depression. In addition, the area of habitat patches is shrinking and resources are insufficient, further threatening the survival of the population.

[0003] A habitat corridor is an "ecological corridor" that connects isolated habitat patches and can help Sichuan golden monkeys achieve seasonal migration, foraging, reproduction and individual exchange between populations, and is a key technical means to alleviate the negative effects of fragmentation. However, traditional corridor construction relies on scientific "resistance assessment", i.e. identifying which factors will hinder the activities of golden monkeys, such as steep slopes, bare land and human disturbance areas, and which are "low resistance areas" suitable for activities, such as high-quality vegetation coverage and areas far from human activities.

[0004] The Sichuan golden monkey has special habitat requirements, preferring an altitude of 2000-3500m, coniferous forest / needle-broad mixed forest, and an area more than 500m away from highways. The assessment method of single-factor resistance in traditional habitat corridor construction cannot fully reflect the real limiting factors of golden monkey activities, such as ignoring key factors such as human disturbance and food resource distribution, resulting in insufficient practicality of the corridor. Therefore, multiple types of influencing factors need to be integrated through multi-factor resistance layer to improve the matching degree of the corridor and the habitat requirements of the species.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a Sichuan golden monkey habitat corridor construction method based on a multi-factor resistance layer and application to address the problem of one-sided selection of resistance factors that do not fully meet the habitat requirements of the Sichuan golden monkey. Existing technologies often overemphasize natural factors such as terrain slope and altitude, but ignore human disturbance factors that have a significant impact on the Sichuan golden monkey, such as village density, highway traffic volume and tourism trail distribution. Some studies even fail to distinguish the differences between suitable habitat and activity corridor factors, resulting in a disconnect between resistance assessment and the actual activity patterns of the species. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a Sichuan golden monkey habitat corridor construction method based on a multi-factor resistance layer and application, which integrates multiple types of influencing factors through a multi-factor resistance layer to address the problem of one-sided selection of resistance factors that do not fully meet the habitat requirements of the Sichuan golden monkey.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0008] The method for constructing a habitat corridor of Rhinopithecus roxellana based on a multi-factor resistance layer comprises the following steps:

[0009] A multi-factor system specific to Rhinopithecus roxellana is constructed, wherein the multi-factor system comprises natural resistance factors, human disturbance resistance factors, and refined ecological resistance factors, and the differences between suitable habitat evaluation factors and activity corridor evaluation factors and between suitable habitat evaluation disturbance factors and activity corridor evaluation disturbance factors are distinguished.

[0010] Data corresponding to the multi-factor system are collected, including obtaining vegetation types and arbor canopy density data through remote sensing images, obtaining altitude, slope, and slope aspect data through meteorological station data, obtaining highway traffic volume, village density, tourism trail usage rate, and food plant coverage rate data through field research, and obtaining actual activity track data of Rhinopithecus roxellana through GPS collar tracking.

[0011] The collected data corresponding to the multi-factor system are standardized, and each factor data is converted into a resistance value interval of a predetermined range, wherein the minimum value represents no resistance, and the maximum value represents absolute resistance.

[0012] Based on the actual activity track data of Rhinopithecus roxellana, the weights of each factor are determined by using the analytic hierarchy process combined with the entropy weight method to form suitable habitat resistance layers and activity corridor resistance layers.

[0013] The suitable habitat resistance layers and the activity corridor resistance layers are superimposed, and the minimum cost path algorithm is used to generate candidate paths of the habitat corridor of Rhinopithecus roxellana.

[0014] The connectivity of the candidate paths is verified, the activity frequency of Rhinopithecus roxellana on the candidate paths is monitored through infrared cameras, and the paths with an activity frequency greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold are retained as the final habitat corridor.

[0015] Preferably, the construction of the multi-factor system specific to Rhinopithecus roxellana specifically comprises the following steps:

[0016] The natural resistance factors include suitable habitat evaluation factors such as terrain relief, arbor canopy density threshold greater than a predetermined proportion, water source permanence index, and altitude climate suitable zone, and activity corridor evaluation factors such as slope migration limit angle, water source node accessibility, and ridge line continuity.

[0017] The human disturbance resistance factors include suitable habitat evaluation disturbance factors such as village expansion heat gradient, tourism facility light pollution intensity, and farmland encroachment front distance, and activity corridor evaluation disturbance factors such as highway traffic volume pulse peak, tourism trail human flow density time sequence fluctuation, and high-voltage line corridor avoidance radius.

[0018] The refined ecological resistance factors include habitat suitability evaluation factors such as main bamboo distribution density, key food plant phenology matching degree, and rock habitat crack safety index, and activity corridor evaluation factors such as tree canopy continuity, liana bridge density, and hidden shrub coverage threshold.

[0019] Preferably, the data corresponding to the multi-factor system collected specifically includes:

[0020] The spatial distribution map of vegetation types and the grid data of tree canopy density are obtained by interpreting multi-spectral remote sensing images, wherein the canopy density data is divided into high shielding areas according to a predetermined threshold.

[0021] The network data of weather stations and digital elevation models are integrated to extract elevation gradient zones, slope classification maps, and slope aspect solar intensity coefficients.

[0022] Through field investigation grid sampling, the peak value of highway traffic, the spatial heat map of village density, the time series fluctuation curve of tourism trail usage rate, and the seasonal variation coefficient of food plant coverage rate are quantified.

[0023] The GPS collar tracking system is used to obtain the monthly activity trajectory point cloud of Sichuan golden monkeys, and the moving speed, residence time, and night habitat selection preference data are recorded.

[0024] Preferably, the data corresponding to the multi-factor system collected further includes:

[0025] Through field research, the data of highway traffic, village density, tourism trail usage rate, and food plant coverage rate are obtained, including:

[0026] A radar speedometer is deployed at the target highway section to continuously record the hourly vehicle traffic, and the traffic pulse extreme value during the morning and evening peak periods is extracted.

[0027] An infrared counter is used to count the number of people at the trail entrance, and a working day / weekend dual-mode people flow density surface is generated in combination with holiday patterns.

[0028] The boundaries of newly built houses are identified by unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography, and a three-level buffer zone resistance gradient is established with the village center as the origin.

[0029] A quadrat of a predetermined size is set to measure the density of main bamboo, and the seasonal coverage rate of key food plants is monitored in combination with phenological cameras.

[0030] Preferably, the data corresponding to the multi-factor system collected is standardized, specifically including:

[0031] The natural terrain factor adopts a linear normalization function, and the resistance value is proportionally mapped based on a preset threshold interval; the human disturbance factor adopts a nonlinear segmented function, and a resistance jump gradient is set at the disturbance critical value; the ecological resource factor adopts a negative correlation conversion mechanism, and the resource abundance is inversely proportional to the resistance value;

[0032] Combined with the directionality correction of resistance, the positive factor executes the resistance attenuation rule, and the negative factor executes the resistance strengthening rule; the seasonal fluctuation coefficient is introduced to correct the resistance value of the ecological factor; and the time period weight is superimposed to adjust the human disturbance factor.

[0033] Preferably, the standardization processing of the collected multi-factor system corresponding data further comprises:

[0034] When the slope exceeds the species migration limit angle, it is set as absolute resistance, and when it is lower than the minimum threshold, it is set as no resistance, and linear interpolation is adopted therebetween; the slope direction sets a resistance correction coefficient according to the sunshine difference between the shady and sunny slopes;

[0035] The canopy continuity adopts an exponential decay model, and the continuity is negatively exponentially related to the resistance value; the food resource factor is floated according to the phenological period, and the resistance value in winter is increased by the same proportion;

[0036] The highway traffic flow, after exceeding the critical value, the resistance presents an exponential growth; the tourist trail flow density, the superimposed time period fluctuation coefficient; the high-voltage line corridor, the avoidance radius gradient is set.

[0037] Preferably, based on the actual activity trajectory data of the Sichuan golden monkey, the weights of each factor are determined by using the analytic hierarchy process combined with the entropy weight method to form the suitable habitat resistance layer and the activity corridor resistance layer, which specifically comprises:

[0038] The double-track hierarchical structure modeling respectively constructs the hierarchical model of the suitable habitat resistance layer and the activity corridor resistance layer, each layer containing a target layer, a criterion layer and an index layer;

[0039] Through the expert ecological knowledge, the index factors under the same criterion layer are compared with each other, a judgment matrix is generated and an initial weight vector is calculated, and the logical rationality is ensured through consistency test;

[0040] Based on the Sichuan golden monkey activity trajectory obtained by GPS collar tracking, the habitat core area residence frequency and the path crossing point spatial density are extracted;

[0041] Through the entropy weight method, the information entropy correlation degree of each resistance factor and the trajectory distribution is analyzed, and the smaller the entropy value is, the higher the factor weight is;

[0042] The subjective weight obtained by the analytic hierarchy process and the objective weight obtained by the entropy weight method are synthesized into a comprehensive weight according to an adjustment coefficient; the subjective weight of the suitable habitat layer accounts for a higher proportion, and the objective weight of the activity corridor layer accounts for a higher proportion;

[0043] The generated suitable habitat resistance surface covers most of the nocturnal points, and the activity corridor resistance surface matches the spatial distribution of the actual crossing path; when not verified, the factor comparison relationship of the criterion layer is adjusted until the biological behavior rules are met.

[0044] Preferably, the superposition of the suitable habitat resistance layer and the activity corridor resistance layer adopts the minimum cost path algorithm to generate the candidate path of the golden monkey habitat corridor, specifically including:

[0045] The suitable habitat resistance layer is given a long-term stability weight, and the activity corridor resistance layer is given a short-term adaptability weight, and the two are synthesized into a comprehensive resistance surface according to a preset ratio; when superimposed, a grid algebra weighting method is used to ensure that the ecological base properties of the habitat resistance layer and the behavior-oriented properties of the corridor resistance layer work together;

[0046] Based on the comprehensive resistance surface, a source-target pair is established between separated habitat patches, the source area is the core habitat of the monkey group, and the target area is the habitat island to be connected;

[0047] An anisotropic cost distance model is used to calculate the minimum cumulative resistance path, which is compatible with the tree-dwelling movement characteristics of the golden monkey, with vertical resistance decay and horizontal resistance increase;

[0048] The candidate path generation rules include generating a main path and a secondary path for each source-target pair; the path width is adaptively adjusted according to the resistance gradient, the core path width is fixed as the minimum continuous span of the canopy layer, and the edge buffer zone shrinks as the resistance value increases;

[0049] Terrain-ecological coupling correction forces the path to pass through ecological mandatory nodes including permanent water sources and high-density food patches; and avoids terrain impassable areas and human disturbance hotspots.

[0050] Preferably, the connectivity verification of the candidate path is performed by monitoring the golden monkey activity frequency of the candidate path through infrared cameras, and the path with an activity frequency greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold is retained as the final habitat corridor, specifically including:

[0051] An infrared camera array is deployed along the candidate path in sections, focusing on covering terrain mutation nodes and human disturbance transition zones; the camera spacing is dynamically adjusted according to the path resistance gradient;

[0052] A basic monitoring period and an intensive verification period are performed, and 24-hour records of monkey crossing events are recorded; the behavior types of group migration and individual exploration are distinguished;

[0053] The monthly detection frequency per unit path length is calculated; secondary verification is started for the boundary path, the camera density is increased, and the monitoring time is extended;

[0054] The qualified path is integrated into the final habitat corridor network, and the paths that do not reach the threshold are automatically removed; for the niche key paths that do not reach the threshold due to seasonal fluctuations, the canopy corridor and the interference shielding belt are supplemented, and then the qualified paths are verified again.

[0055] Based on the time difference of the monkey group appearing at the adjacent camera points, the moving speed is deduced and the path connectivity efficiency is verified; if the group migration time exceeds the theoretical value by a certain proportion, it is determined that this section is a corridor obstruction point and local optimization is triggered.

[0056] Further, the Sichuan golden monkey habitat corridor construction method based on the multi-factor resistance layer is applied to the Sichuan golden monkey population connectivity repair, and food supply areas and hidden shelters are arranged in the core area of the corridor, and artificial interference isolation belts are arranged around the corridor.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the Sichuan golden monkey habitat corridor construction method based on the multi-factor resistance layer has the beneficial effects that:

[0058] The Sichuan golden monkey habitat corridor construction method based on the multi-factor resistance layer is proposed according to the ecological characteristics of the Sichuan golden monkey, and a special multi-factor resistance system is constructed, which covers three categories of natural resistance, human disturbance and refined ecological resistance, and further distinguishes suitable habitat and activity corridor evaluation factors, so that the difference between the habitat and the moving behavior of the Sichuan golden monkey is more accurately reflected.

[0059] Through remote sensing images, meteorological station records, field research and GPS tracking, the data is obtained, the comprehensiveness and real-time of the factor data are ensured, and the real reflection ability and application value of the model are greatly improved.

[0060] All kinds of heterogeneous factors are standardized to a resistance value interval, so that ecological factors of different properties have comparability and superposition, laying a foundation for scientific modeling.

[0061] The factor weight is determined by combining the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method, which reflects the experience of experts and the information amount of data itself, and effectively avoids the deviation caused by a single method.

[0062] The minimum cost path algorithm is used to generate candidate corridors, and the infrared camera monitoring is used for actual verification, the high-frequency activity path is reserved, and the construction result has practical significance and ecological protection value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0063] Figure 1 The flowchart of the Sichuan golden monkey habitat corridor construction method based on the multi-factor resistance layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The following description is used to disclose the present application so that those skilled in the art can implement the present application. The preferred embodiments in the following description are only as examples, and other obvious modifications can be made by those skilled in the art.

[0065] ReferenceFigure 1 As shown, the method for constructing habitat corridors for Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys based on multi-factor resistance layers includes:

[0066] A multi-factor system specific to Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys was constructed. The multi-factor system includes natural resistance factors, human disturbance resistance factors, and refined ecological resistance factors, and distinguishes the differences between suitable habitat assessment factors and activity corridor assessment factors, as well as suitable habitat assessment disturbance factors and activity corridor assessment disturbance factors.

[0067] Data corresponding to the multi-factor system were collected, including vegetation type and tree canopy closure data obtained through remote sensing images, altitude, slope and aspect data obtained through meteorological station data, road traffic flow, village density, tourism trail usage rate and food plant coverage data obtained through field surveys, and actual activity trajectory data of Sichuan golden monkeys obtained through GPS collar tracking.

[0068] The collected data corresponding to the multi-factor system are standardized, and the data of each factor are converted into a range of resistance values ​​within a certain range, where the minimum value represents no resistance and the maximum value represents absolute resistance.

[0069] Based on actual activity trajectory data of Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys, the weights of each factor were determined by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with the entropy weight method, thus forming a suitable habitat resistance layer and an activity corridor resistance layer.

[0070] The suitable habitat resistance layer and the activity corridor resistance layer are superimposed, and the minimum cost path algorithm is used to generate candidate paths for the habitat corridor of Sichuan golden monkey.

[0071] Connectivity verification was performed on candidate routes by monitoring the activity frequency of Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys along the candidate routes using infrared cameras. Paths with an activity frequency greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold were retained as the final habitat corridors.

[0072] It should be noted that natural factors are broken down into habitat support factors, namely topographic relief, water source permanence, and corridor connectivity factors, namely slope migration limit angle and ridgeline continuity. The former ensures habitat quality, while the latter dominates migration feasibility.

[0073] Human-made interference factors distinguish between habitat disturbance sources, namely the thermal gradient of village expansion, and corridor disturbance sources, namely the peak pulse of highway traffic flow, so as to achieve scenario-based response of interference control.

[0074] Refined ecological factors include the introduction of arboreal species-specific factors such as canopy continuity and vine bridge density, which correspond to the vertical space utilization characteristics of the Sichuan golden monkey; and the inclusion of seasonal resource fluctuations in resistance calculations through dynamic factors such as the phenological matching degree of key food source plants, to avoid corridor failure during the dry season.

[0075] Satellite remote sensing (macro-level vegetation patterns), GPS collar (micro-level behavioral trajectories), and field sensors (dynamic interference) constitute a three-dimensional data network encompassing space, air, and ground.

[0076] Based on the physiological limits of species, such as the 45° slope migration threshold, resistance mutation points are set, and ecological factors are corrected by superimposing seasonal coefficients.

[0077] The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) ensures the self-consistency of ecological logic, while the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) quantifies the actual impact of factors using trajectory data, and differentiates the weighting of the dual-track resistance layers (habitat layer biased towards AHP / corridor layer biased towards EWM).

[0078] The minimum cost path algorithm introduces an anisotropic cost model, with vertical resistance attenuation adapted to tree climbing behavior and horizontal resistance increasing to avoid ground exposure risks; it sets mandatory path crossings at ecologically essential nodes (water sources, food core areas) and avoids terrain-disruption double no-go zones (cliffs / tourism hubs).

[0079] Dynamic regulation for biovalidation involves the targeted deployment of infrared cameras at theoretical bottlenecks (high resistance zones) and behavioral decision points (terrain abrupt change zones), with a threshold of ≥5 migration frequencies per kilometer per month.

[0080] Non-compliant paths trigger a corridor repair and secondary verification mechanism, such as erecting canopy rope bridges and planting isolation forest belts, to ensure that connectivity never fails.

[0081] The construction of the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey-specific multifactor system specifically includes:

[0082] The natural resistance factors include suitable habitat assessment factors such as topographic relief, tree canopy closure threshold greater than a predetermined proportion, water source permanence index, and suitable altitude climate zone; and activity corridor assessment factors such as slope migration limit angle, water source node accessibility, and ridgeline continuity.

[0083] The anthropogenic interference resistance factors include suitable habitat assessment interference factors such as village expansion thermal gradient, light pollution intensity of tourism facilities, and distance from the front of farmland encroachment; and activity corridor assessment interference factors such as highway traffic flow pulse peak, temporal fluctuation of pedestrian density on tourist trails, and high-voltage line corridor avoidance radius.

[0084] The refined ecological resistance factors include suitable habitat assessment factors such as the distribution density of staple bamboo, the phenological matching degree of key food source plants, and the safety index of rocky habitat fissures; and activity corridor assessment factors such as canopy continuity, density of vine bridges, and the threshold of concealed shrub cover.

[0085] It should be noted that the natural resistance factor is:

[0086] Suitable habitat assessment factors focus on long-term survival foundations, including topographic relief, which determines the microclimate stability of the habitat; tree canopy closure threshold (>70%), which meets the concealment and nest building needs of arboreal species; water source permanence index, which ensures drinking water safety during the dry season and avoids seasonal migration pressure; and suitable altitudinal climate zone (1500-3000m), which matches the temperature tolerance range of Sichuan golden monkey.

[0087] The assessment factors for activity corridors focus on the adaptation of migration behavior, including the slope migration limit angle (<45°), the climbing ability threshold set based on limb structure; the accessibility of water sources, there must be a water supply point within the daily movement radius (≤5km); and the continuity of ridgelines, providing a natural elevated path with open views and continuous canopy.

[0088] Human interference factors:

[0089] Habitat disturbance factors include thermal gradient of village expansion, with buffer zone radius representing the rate at which residential areas encroach on habitat; light pollution intensity from tourism facilities, with nighttime light intensity >30 lux inhibiting nocturnal roosting behavior in monkey groups; and distance from the front of farmland encroachment, the critical safe distance between farmland boundaries and the core area of ​​habitat.

[0090] Corridor interference factors include peak traffic flow pulses on highways and the instantaneous blocking effect of traffic flow during morning and evening rush hours on crossing behavior; temporal fluctuations in pedestrian flow on tourist trails and periodic path blockages caused by surges in pedestrian flow during holidays; high-voltage power line corridor avoidance radius and the distance (>500m) that monkeys actively detour due to the risk of electric shock.

[0091] Refined ecological factors:

[0092] Habitat assessment factors are related to the quality of survival resources, including the distribution density of staple bamboo, the coverage of arrow bamboo per unit area in the Qinling Mountains determines the upper limit of population carrying capacity; the phenological matching degree of key food sources, the synchronization rate between the supply of edible tender shoots during the winter-spring transition and the energy demand during the breeding season; and the safety index of rocky habitat fissures, the habitat safety of rock cave fissures with a width of <20cm to avoid predator invasion.

[0093] The mobility characteristics of corridor assessment factors include canopy continuity (canopy gap ≤ 10m ensures the possibility of continuous aerial movement); vine bridge density (≥ 3 horizontal vines per 100m provide rapid transfer channels between trees); and concealed shrub coverage threshold (shrub coverage > 60% in exposed ground areas reduces the risk of predator attacks).

[0094] The specific data collected for the multi-factor system includes:

[0095] The spatial distribution map of vegetation type and the raster data of tree canopy closure were obtained by interpreting multispectral remote sensing images. The canopy closure data were used to divide high-shading areas according to a predetermined threshold.

[0096] By integrating meteorological station network data with digital elevation models, we can extract elevation gradient zones, slope grading maps, and slope aspect solar intensity coefficients.

[0097] By sampling through a grid layout in the field, the peak pulse of highway traffic flow, spatial heat map of village density, time-series fluctuation curve of tourist trail usage rate, and seasonal variation coefficient of food plant coverage were quantified.

[0098] A GPS collar tracking system was used to obtain monthly activity trajectory point clouds of a group of Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys, recording their movement speed, dwell time, and night roosting preferences.

[0099] Data on highway traffic volume, village density, hiking trail usage, and food plant coverage were obtained through field surveys, including:

[0100] Radar speed measuring devices are deployed at the target highway section to continuously record the hourly vehicle traffic volume and extract the extreme values ​​of traffic flow pulses during morning and evening peak hours.

[0101] Infrared counters are used to count pedestrian flow at the entrance of the walkway, and pedestrian flow density surfaces in both weekday and weekend modes are generated by combining holiday modes.

[0102] The boundaries of newly built houses are identified by drone aerial photography, and a three-level buffer zone resistance gradient is established with the village center as the origin.

[0103] Set up quadrats of a predetermined size to measure the density of staple bamboo, and combine this with phenological cameras to monitor the seasonal changes in the coverage of key food source plants.

[0104] It should be noted that the canopy closure of trees extracted from multispectral images was corrected for the "same species, different spectra" error by measuring the canopy closure rate in ground quadrats; the boundaries of newly built houses in villages captured by drones were overlaid with remote sensing heat maps to verify the authenticity of the expansion trend.

[0105] The elevation gradient zones generated by the digital elevation model (DEM) need to match the vertical migration range of the monkey group recorded by the GPS collar, such as the winter migration to below 2000m altitude; the slope classification map is verified by the actual climbing trajectory of the monkey group (the missing rate of trajectory points on slopes with a slope of >45° is >95%).

[0106] The synergistic capture of short-period pulses and long-period trends, second-level pulse signals, and radar speedometers capture highway traffic pulses with a resolution of 1 second (such as the peak traffic flow during the morning rush hour from 8:00 to 9:00) to quantify the risk of instantaneous disruption; interannual variation trends, and phenological cameras monitor the seasonal changes of staple bamboo on a daily basis (such as a sudden increase of 30% in coverage during the spring bamboo shoot sprouting period) to reveal the patterns of resource fluctuations.

[0107] Human interference factors:

[0108] Highway traffic flow pulse extremes focus on morning and evening peak hours (the active period of monkey troop movement at dawn and dusk), rather than the average daily traffic flow (which masks key risk periods); the dual-mode pedestrian flow surface of tourist trails distinguishes between weekdays (the regular movement period of monkey troop) and holidays (the period of surge in pedestrian flow), avoiding the "mean trap" such as weekend pedestrian flow peaks reaching 6 times that of weekdays;

[0109] Ecological factors:

[0110] The density of the staple bamboo was used to set up quadrats, and the quadrat size (20m×20m) was set according to the range of a single feeding activity of the monkey troop (approximately 400㎡). For seasonal change coverage monitoring, the deployment points of phenological cameras were preferentially selected from the monkey troop's GPS trajectory clustering areas, such as the core feeding area in winter.

[0111] Data-driven translation of three-dimensional spatial behavior: canopy continuity, quantifying canopy gaps (>10m gaps block arboreal movement) using LiDAR point cloud data; vine bridge density, generating a three-dimensional model by combining UAV oblique photography, and automatically identifying the spatial density of horizontal vines (diameter >2cm).

[0112] Thermal gradient of village expansion, resistance gradient of three-level buffer zones (1km / 3km / 5km):

[0113] Within a 1km radius, there is a high-risk area for monkeys to steal farmland (occurrence frequency > 70%).

[0114] Sensitive threshold for human activity noise interference within a 3km radius (sound pressure level > 50dB).

[0115] A 5km radius, the ecological radiation boundary of habitat fragmentation (connectivity index < 0.3).

[0116] When a newly built house encroaches on the 1km radius, a red alert for habitat protection is automatically triggered.

[0117] Cross-media monitoring of key food source plants: a three-pronged approach combining ground quadrats, phenological cameras, and remote sensing inversion.

[0118] The actual measured density of staple bamboo in the quadrat plots, such as 35 arrow bamboo plants / 100㎡ in the Qinling Mountains;

[0119] Phenological cameras capture the timing of new leaf germination, showing the number of days earlier / later than the conventional phenological period.

[0120] Multispectral images were used to retrieve large-scale food abundance; NDVI > 0.6 corresponds to high-coverage areas.

[0121] Spatiotemporal traceability recording of pulse interference, correlation analysis of radar speedometer + infrared counter + GPS trajectory:

[0122] Traffic flow > 200 vehicles / hour, monkey troop crossing delay > 2 hours;

[0123] When the instantaneous flow of people on the trail exceeds 50 people per hour, the distance the monkeys have to detour increases by 1.5 km.

[0124] The standardization process for the collected data corresponding to the multi-factor system specifically includes:

[0125] A linear normalization function is used for natural terrain factors, and resistance values ​​are mapped proportionally based on a preset threshold range; a nonlinear piecewise function is used for human disturbance factors, and a resistance jump gradient is set at the disturbance critical value; a negative correlation conversion mechanism is used for ecological resource factors, and resource abundance is inversely proportional to resistance value.

[0126] Combining resistance directional correction, positive factors implement resistance decay rules, while negative factors implement resistance enhancement rules; seasonal fluctuation coefficients are introduced to correct the resistance values ​​of ecological factors; and time period weights are superimposed to adjust artificial interference factors.

[0127] The standardization process for the collected data corresponding to the multi-factor system also includes:

[0128] When the slope exceeds the limit angle for species migration, it is set as absolute resistance; when it is below the minimum threshold, it is set as no resistance, with linear interpolation used in between. The slope aspect is set with a resistance correction coefficient according to the difference in sunlight on sunny and shady slopes.

[0129] Canopy continuity was modeled using an exponential decay model, with continuity showing a negative exponential relationship with resistance values; food resource factors fluctuated according to phenological cycles, with winter resistance values ​​increasing year-on-year.

[0130] Traffic flow on highways increases exponentially after exceeding a critical value; pedestrian density on tourist trails is affected by time-of-day fluctuations; and a gradient of avoidance radius is set for high-voltage power line corridors.

[0131] It should be noted that the natural terrain factor is the slope threshold cutoff mechanism. The species migration limit angle (45°) is calculated based on the forelimb gripping force and center of gravity stability of the Sichuan golden monkey. When the angle exceeds this, the limb extension angle is >120°, and the risk of slipping increases sharply. The minimum threshold (15°) corresponds to the energy consumption inflection point. The energy consumption for moving on a slope <15° is only 1 / 3 of that on a steep slope, so it is set as a resistance-free zone.

[0132] The slope aspect correction factor is applied because the sunshine duration on the shady slope (north slope) is 40% less than that on the sunny slope (south slope), and the monkeys need to consume an extra 15% of energy to maintain their body temperature, hence the resistance value is multiplied by 1.3.

[0133] Human interference factor: nonlinear piecewise function, traffic flow threshold (200 vehicles / hour) corresponds to the anxiety behavior threshold of the monkey group, GPS data shows that after exceeding this value, the monkey group stays on the roadside for more than 30 minutes;

[0134] The exponential growth coefficient reflects the cumulative effect of risk. With a traffic flow of 250 vehicles per hour, the success rate of crossing the pass drops sharply to 20%, and the resistance value needs to jump from 80 to 92.

[0135] Time-based weighted behavioral rhythm adaptation:

[0136] The increased resistance during holidays (×1.5) stems from the monkey troop's off-peak strategy. During the breeding season, the frequency of monkeys crossing the trail decreases by 60% during holidays, forcing them to detour and expend extra energy.

[0137] Ecological resource factors: Food resource resistance fluctuation mechanism, winter resistance value ×1.2, the time spent foraging per unit distance increases by 2 times during periods of food scarcity (from 1 km / h to 0.5 km / h); summer resistance value ×0.8: monkey troop movement speed increases by 25% under high resource density;

[0138] The canopy continuity index decay model shows that when the continuity is 70%, the resistance value is 30 (acceptable) and when it is 40%, the resistance value is 82 (critical avoidance). A gap of more than 10m forces the monkey troop to land and move, increasing the risk of predation by 4 times.

[0139] Resistance mapping, linear normalization is used for terrain factors. The resistance values ​​between 15° and 45° show an arithmetic progression (e.g., resistance increases by 2.3 for every 1° increase), which conforms to the linear growth law of energy consumption.

[0140] The negative exponential function characterizes the canopy continuity, and the rate of increase in resistance gradually slows down as the continuity decreases. For example, resistance increases by 5 from 90% to 80% and by 15 from 50% to 40%, matching the "critical tolerance threshold" behavior of monkey groups.

[0141] Dynamically corrected spatiotemporal coupling:

[0142] Nested seasonal coefficient and time period weight: Winter tourist trail resistance = base value × 1.2 (seasonal coefficient) × 1.5 (holiday weight), triple reinforcement of the avoidance effect during the dry season peak;

[0143] Summer highway traffic resistance = base value × 0.8 (seasonal coefficient) × 1.0 (working day weight), mitigating the interference impact of resource-rich periods.

[0144] The gradient attenuation mechanism of the avoidance radius is used. The resistance value within 500m of the high-voltage corridor is 100 (absolute no-go zone): 95% of electric shock deaths occur within this range; the resistance decreases by 20 points for every 100m increase: the frequency of monkey groups crossing the 500-600m area rises back to 40%, so the resistance value is set to 80.

[0145] Based on actual activity trajectory data of Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys, the weights of each factor were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with the entropy weight method, forming a suitable habitat resistance layer and an activity corridor resistance layer. Specifically, these include:

[0146] The dual-track hierarchical structure modeling constructs hierarchical models of suitable habitat resistance layer and activity corridor resistance layer, with each layer containing target layer, criterion layer and indicator layer;

[0147] By using expert ecological knowledge, pairwise comparisons are made between indicator factors under the same criterion layer to generate a judgment matrix and calculate the initial weight vector. The consistency test ensures the logical rationality.

[0148] Based on the activity trajectory of Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys obtained by GPS collar tracking, the frequency of stay in the core habitat area and the spatial density of path crossing points were extracted.

[0149] The information entropy correlation between each resistance factor and the trajectory distribution is analyzed by entropy weight method. The smaller the entropy value, the higher the factor weight.

[0150] The subjective weights obtained by the analytic hierarchy process and the objective weights obtained by the entropy weight method are combined into a comprehensive weight by adjusting the coefficients; the subjective weights account for a higher proportion in the suitable habitat layer, while the objective weights account for a higher proportion in the activity corridor layer.

[0151] The generated suitable habitat resistance surface needs to cover the vast majority of roosting sites, and the activity corridor resistance surface needs to match the spatial distribution of the actual crossing path; if the verification fails, the comparison relationship of the criterion layer factors should be readjusted until it conforms to the laws of biological behavior.

[0152] It should be noted that, in differentiated weighting, the suitable habitat layer places greater emphasis on subjective weighting (AHP):

[0153] The need for ecological stability means that expert knowledge can predict ecological patterns on a century-scale, such as the permanence of water sources and the migration trends of climate zones, thus making up for the limitations of short-term trajectory data.

[0154] For implicit factors, such as groundwater chemical indicators that cannot be directly monitored by GPS, weights need to be assigned based on expert experience.

[0155] The activity corridor level emphasizes objective weighting (EWM):

[0156] Real-time behavioral response; the density of the monkey troop's crossing path reflects its avoidance strategies for newly built highways and tourist facilities in real time. For example, when the trajectory detour distance is greater than the theoretical value by 20%, the weight of the interference factor is automatically increased.

[0157] The group learning effect, where young individuals follow older monkeys to explore new paths, enables the entropy weight method to capture the dynamic evolution of corridor adaptation.

[0158] Information entropy correlation: frequency of stay in the core habitat area, with peak frequency areas (such as nocturnal roosting sites) revealing absolute essential factors (the stay time in areas with a safety index of >0.8 in caves and fissures accounts for 70%); by calculating entropy values ​​in reverse, if the entropy value of a certain factor in the core area approaches 0 (such as the canopy closure of trees), the weight is automatically increased to ≥0.25.

[0159] Spatial density of path crossing points; density fault zones (such as near high-voltage power line corridors) locate hidden resistance sources (missing rate of trajectory points within the avoidance radius > 90%); areas with sudden increases in entropy (such as gentle slopes) expose blind spots in theoretical assessment (the original slope weight is too high, and actual monkey groups frequently cross them).

[0160] AHP-EWM coupled model, biological verification mechanism for the judgment matrix:

[0161] Traditional AHP relies on expert scoring. This scheme introduces a trajectory verification coefficient. If the factor comparison weights (such as slope vs. aspect) deviate from the monkey group's actual selection preferences (GPS path slope correlation 0.7 > aspect 0.3) by more than 30%, matrix reconstruction is forcibly triggered.

[0162] Ecological constraints of the consistency test (CR<0.1): Eliminating contradictory judgments that violate the survival logic of species, such as "importance of water source < tourism disturbance".

[0163] The spatial coupling calculation of the entropy weight method uses the kernel density estimation method to transform discrete trajectory points into a continuous distribution surface, making the entropy calculation compatible with spatial autocorrelation.

[0164] Weighting formula middle:

[0165] Habitat layer α:β = 0.6:0.4: Long-term factors such as ensuring climate suitability dominate;

[0166] Corridor layer α:β=0.4:0.6: Decision weights for short-period factors such as enhanced interference pulses;

[0167] In the formula, W is the final composite weight; Weights for the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) The coefficient; The weights are obtained using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Entropy weight method (EWM) weights The coefficient; The weights are obtained using the entropy weight method (EWM).

[0168] Dual standards for resistance surface coverage verification:

[0169] Habitat layer, roosting site coverage ≥80% (20% omissions allow for exploratory habitats);

[0170] The corridor level has a path matching degree of ≥90% (with a 10% tolerance to accommodate occasional detours by monkey groups).

[0171] The dynamic source tracing mechanism for cases where standards are not met: if the roosting point deviates from the habitat resistance surface, such as 30% of the points falling in the resistance value > 40 zone, the source is traced back to the factor relationship of the criterion layer. For example, the original weight of "water source permanence" was 0.15, but the actual entropy value shows that it needs to be increased to 0.22.

[0172] Through weighted feedback coefficients Dynamically adjust the scale of the comparison matrix.

[0173] The step of superimposing the suitable habitat resistance layer with the activity corridor resistance layer and generating candidate paths for the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey habitat corridor using a minimum cost path algorithm specifically includes:

[0174] The suitable habitat resistance layer is assigned a long-term stability weight, and the activity corridor resistance layer is assigned a short-term adaptation weight. The two are combined into a comprehensive resistance surface according to a preset ratio. When superimposing, a grid algebra weighting method is used to ensure that the ecological base attributes of the habitat resistance layer and the behavioral guidance attributes of the corridor resistance layer work together.

[0175] Based on the comprehensive resistance surface, source-target pairs are established between separated habitat patches, with the source area being the core habitat of the monkey group and the target area being the habitat islands to be connected.

[0176] The minimum cumulative resistance path was calculated using an anisotropic cost-distance model, which is compatible with the arboreal movement characteristics of the Sichuan golden monkey, with vertical resistance decreasing and horizontal resistance increasing.

[0177] Candidate path generation rules include generating a primary path and a secondary path for each source-target pair; the path width is adaptively adjusted according to the resistance gradient, the core path band width is fixed at the minimum continuous span of the canopy layer, and the edge buffer band shrinks as the resistance value increases;

[0178] Topography-ecology coupling correction forces the path to pass through ecologically essential nodes, including permanent water sources and high-density food patches; and avoids terrain-insurmountable areas and human-caused hotspots.

[0179] It should be noted that the two resistance layers are superimposed:

[0180] Long-term stability weight (habitat layer) is assigned a higher weight (≥60%) to protect the essential attributes of habitat, such as water permanence and altitudinal climate zone, and to avoid short-term behavioral fluctuations such as seasonal migration, which could damage the core habitat connectivity base.

[0181] Short-term adaptive weights (corridor layer) focus on dynamic disturbance responses, such as traffic flow pulses and pedestrian flow temporal fluctuations. The weight ratio is >55% to match real-time behavioral decisions, such as the path selection of monkey groups when detouring around newly built highways.

[0182] Raster algebraic weighting method, coupling rules between ecological base and behavior orientation:

[0183] Habitat layer raster value × long-term weight + corridor layer raster value × short-term weight = overall resistance value;

[0184] Instead of simple arithmetic averaging, the functional differences between the two tracks are highlighted through weighted polarization (e.g., 0.7 for the habitat layer / 0.3 for the corridor layer);

[0185] The minimum cost path algorithm, the quantification of arboreal behavior in the anisotropic cost model, the vertical resistance decay (climbing advantage), and the linear increase in resistance (e.g., +1.2) for every 1° increase in slope, reflect the characteristic of monkey groups using forelimbs to grasp and reduce energy consumption (the energy consumption of climbing a 45° slope is only 1.5 times that on the ground).

[0186] The horizontal drag increases (ground exposure penalty), and the drag on flat ground is multiplied by 1.8, simulating the risk of predators caused by ground exposure (the probability of being preyed on increases by 3 times).

[0187] Three-dimensional spatial integration formula:

[0188]

[0189] In the formula, the total cost of three-dimensional spatial integration is: This refers to the cost weighting coefficient in the vertical direction. This refers to the horizontal cost weighting coefficient. These are the relevant parameters in the vertical direction; For relevant parameters in the horizontal direction;

[0190] Redundancy design of resilient path networks, and division of ecological functions between primary and secondary paths:

[0191] Path type Generation rule Core function Main path Absolute minimum cost path Guarantee regular migration efficiency (lowest energy consumption) Sub-path Alternative path with cost increase ≤20% Cope with sudden interference (such as avalanche road closure)

[0192] Width adaptive mechanism:

[0193] The core zone width equals the minimum continuous span of the canopy layer (≥15m) to meet the parallel movement needs of family groups (8-12 individuals); the buffer zone shrinks according to the rule that the width narrows by 30% for every 10-point increase in resistance (only a single monkey can pass through the high resistance zone).

[0194] Terrain-ecology coupling correction, forced traversal of ecologically required nodes:

[0195] For permanent water sources, the maximum deviation distance from the path is ≤500m (the daily drinking radius limit for a monkey troop); the water source is set as a mandatory node on the path, and the connection is forced using Dijkstra's algorithm;

[0196] High-density food patches are required, and the breeding season (March-May) requires the path to traverse ≥3 food patches (phenological matching degree >80%) to ensure energy supply during the rearing period;

[0197] Rigid avoidance of insurmountable zones, terrain no-go zones (absolute resistance value = 100), bare rock slopes > 45°, forelimb grip failure zones (slippage accident rate > 90%); cliff breaks, vertical cliffs with a span > 10m (jumping ability limit is 8m).

[0198] Artificial interference with hotspots:

[0199] Interference type Avoidance mechanism Biological behavior basis Highway hub Set up 500m avoidance zone (resistance value ≥90) Traffic volume >200 vehicles / hour, success rate <5% Tourist facility core area Night light pollution >30 lux area, full avoidance Light intensity exceeding standard leads to 100% abandonment rate of nocturnal animals

[0200] The connectivity verification of candidate paths, which involves monitoring the activity frequency of Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys along the candidate paths using infrared cameras and retaining paths with an activity frequency greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold as the final habitat corridor, specifically includes:

[0201] Infrared camera arrays are deployed in segments along the candidate path, with a focus on covering nodes where terrain changes abruptly and transitional zones caused by human interference; the camera spacing is dynamically adjusted according to the path resistance gradient.

[0202] During the basic monitoring and enhanced verification periods, monkey troop crossing events were recorded 24 hours a day; the behavioral types of group migration and individual exploration were distinguished.

[0203] Calculate the average number of detections per unit path length per month; initiate secondary verification for boundary paths, increase camera density, and extend monitoring time;

[0204] The qualified paths are integrated into the final habitat corridor network, and paths that do not meet the threshold are automatically removed; for paths that do not meet the threshold but are ecological niche critical paths due to seasonal fluctuations, canopy bridges and interference shielding zones are added and then re-verified.

[0205] Based on the time difference of the monkey troop appearance at adjacent camera locations, the movement speed is inferred and the path connectivity efficiency is verified; if the group migration time exceeds the predetermined proportion of the theoretical value, the segment is determined to be a corridor obstruction point and local optimization is triggered.

[0206] It should be noted that by using remote sensing imagery, GIS spatial analysis, and existing species distribution models, potential ecological corridors can be identified. The camera deployment principles are as follows: infrared cameras are set up at certain intervals (e.g., 200–500 meters) along candidate paths; locations with obvious animal activity traces are selected for deployment; and the deployment time of cameras is ensured to cover different seasons in order to capture seasonal activity patterns.

[0207] The data collected included the date and time of shooting; animal population identification (individual or group of Sichuan golden monkeys); activity behaviors (such as foraging, moving, and resting); and environmental variables (temperature, humidity, time of day, etc.).

[0208] Data cleaning and standardization are performed to remove invalid images (such as images captured by wind); a unified recording format is adopted to facilitate subsequent analysis; and duplicate images are removed.

[0209] The activity frequency index is constructed as follows: daily activity number, the number of times Sichuan golden monkeys are detected within a unit of time (e.g., week); camera detection rate, the percentage of cameras that have recorded Sichuan golden monkeys; activity density, the frequency of animal activity recorded per unit distance path; and activity persistence, the number of consecutive days or weeks of activity along a certain path.

[0210] Normalization processing normalizes data from different cameras and paths, making it easier to compare data laterally.

[0211] Path connectivity assessment, based on activity frequency connectivity verification, uses activity frequency as a proxy indicator to determine whether a path is frequently used by Sichuan golden monkeys; high-frequency paths indicate that the area has high ecological connectivity; network analysis, such as ecological network models, can be combined to construct a "node-edge" model to assess the overall corridor structure connectivity.

[0212] Auxiliary analysis methods include using species distribution models such as MaxEnt to predict the suitability of pathways; conducting spatial matching analysis with existing habitat patches; and performing multi-factor assessments by combining factors such as topography and vegetation type.

[0213] Threshold settings and path filtering criteria:

[0214] Set minimum activity frequency thresholds, such as ≥5 times per camera per month; activity duration thresholds, such as records for 3 consecutive months; minimum activity path length, such as ≥500 meters; and combine GIS buffer analysis to select the minimum width that meets ecological functions.

[0215] Screening process: Summarize infrared camera records of all candidate routes; select "high-activity routes" based on set thresholds; perform spatial overlay analysis on the selected routes to generate the final habitat corridor map; verify the effectiveness of the screening results by combining expert evaluation and field investigation.

[0216] Results output and visualization: Visualization tools include using software such as ArcGIS and QGIS to display the infrared camera deployment points and detection paths; using heatmaps to display the activity frequency distribution; and constructing corridor network diagrams to display the node connection relationships.

[0217] The report writing recommendations include data analysis process, results charts, and ecological significance analysis; propose corridor optimization suggestions, such as vegetation restoration and human disturbance control; and provide follow-up monitoring recommendations, such as extending the monitoring cycle and increasing camera density.

[0218] The specific implementation steps of the example are as follows:

[0219] Step 1: Based on the habitat habits and environmental characteristics of golden snub-nosed monkeys in the study area, a unique multi-factor system was determined. The natural resistance factor covers the terrain and water-related factors that affect the survival and movement of golden snub-nosed monkeys in the study area; the human disturbance resistance factor focuses on human activity-related factors such as roads, villages, and tourist trails in the area; and the refined ecological resistance factor revolves around ecological resource factors such as the distribution of the golden snub-nosed monkeys' staple food plants and the growth status of trees.

[0220] Step 2: Clearly distinguish the differences in factors between the two types of scenarios. Suitable habitat assessment factors focus on ecological resource sufficiency, while suitable habitat assessment disturbance factors focus on low-intensity human disturbance. Activity corridor assessment factors focus on mobility convenience, while activity corridor assessment disturbance factors focus on high-impact human disturbance. This ensures that the factor system meets the different needs of golden monkeys for survival and movement within the region.

[0221] Step 3: Select recent high-resolution remote sensing images of the study area and extract relevant data on vegetation types and tree growth status in the area using professional image processing techniques; connect with meteorological stations in and around the study area to obtain topographic data covering the entire study area.

[0222] Step 4: Organize a research team to conduct field visits to roads, villages, and tourist trails in the region, record information related to human activities, and at the same time set up quadrats in the potential activity areas of golden monkeys to investigate information related to the distribution of staple plants.

[0223] Step 5: Select three typical Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey groups in the study area, equip adult individuals with positioning and tracking devices, continuously record the daily activity paths of the golden snub-nosed monkeys, and obtain actual activity trajectory data;

[0224] Step 6: For data collected from different sources and of different types, a unified standardized processing method is adopted to convert the original data corresponding to natural resistance factors, human interference resistance factors, and refined ecological resistance factors into resistance value ranges of the same range. The minimum value of the range represents that the factor has no hindering effect on the activities of golden monkeys, and the maximum value of the range represents that the factor has an absolute hindering effect on the activities of golden monkeys, thus eliminating the influence caused by the differences in data formats of different factors.

[0225] Step 7: Based on the actual activity trajectory data of the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys obtained in Step 2, the weights of various factors are initially determined by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with the understanding of the habitat needs of golden snub-nosed monkeys in the region by experts in the field of ecological conservation. Then, the initial weights are corrected by using the entropy weight method based on the objective distribution characteristics of the collected data to balance the influence of subjective experience and objective data. Finally, the comprehensive weights of the factors related to suitable habitat assessment and the factors related to activity corridor assessment are calculated to form a suitable habitat resistance layer that reflects the survival needs of golden snub-nosed monkeys, and an activity corridor resistance layer that reflects the movement needs of golden snub-nosed monkeys.

[0226] Step 8: Spatially superimpose the suitable habitat resistance layer formed in Step 4 with the activity corridor resistance layer to obtain the comprehensive resistance distribution results within the study area;

[0227] Step 9: Based on the results, the minimum cost path algorithm is adopted, taking three isolated Sichuan golden monkey habitat patches in the study area as core nodes, to calculate and generate multiple potential paths that can connect the patches and have the lowest overall resistance, as candidate paths for Sichuan golden monkey habitat corridors.

[0228] Step 10: Deploy infrared cameras at key nodes of each candidate path, such as vegetation transition zones and near human disturbance nodes, set a fixed monitoring cycle, and continuously record the activities of Sichuan golden monkeys on the candidate paths.

[0229] Step 11: After the monitoring period ends, the activity frequency of Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys along each candidate path is counted. Candidate paths with an activity frequency greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold are selected as the final habitat corridors for Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys, ensuring that the constructed corridors can be truly utilized by the golden snub-nosed monkeys and achieve effective connectivity between habitat patches.

[0230] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a habitat corridor for Rhinopithecus roxellana based on multi-factor resistance layers, characterized in that, The application relates to a method for constructing a habitat corridor of a golden monkey. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a golden monkey special multi-factor system, wherein the multi-factor system comprises natural resistance factors, human interference resistance factors and refined ecological resistance factors, and the differences between suitable habitat evaluation factors and activity corridor evaluation factors and between suitable habitat evaluation interference factors and activity corridor evaluation interference factors are distinguished; collecting data corresponding to the multi-factor system, including obtaining vegetation types and arbor canopy density data through remote sensing images, obtaining altitude, slope and slope direction data through meteorological station data, obtaining highway traffic volume, village density, tourism trail usage rate and food plant coverage rate data through field investigation, and obtaining actual activity track data of the golden monkey through GPS collar tracking; standardizing the collected data corresponding to the multi-factor system, and converting the factor data into a resistance value interval of a certain range, wherein the minimum value represents no resistance, and the maximum value represents absolute resistance; determining the weight of each factor based on the actual activity track data of the golden monkey by adopting an analytic hierarchy process combined with an entropy weight method, and forming a suitable habitat resistance layer and an activity corridor resistance layer; superimposing the suitable habitat resistance layer and the activity corridor resistance layer, and adopting a minimum cost path algorithm to generate a candidate path of the golden monkey habitat corridor; and verifying the connectivity of the candidate path, monitoring the activity frequency of the golden monkey on the candidate path through an infrared camera, and retaining a path with an activity frequency greater than or equal to a certain threshold as a final habitat corridor. The method for constructing a golden monkey special multi-factor system comprises the following steps: the natural resistance factors comprise suitable habitat evaluation factors, such as terrain relief degree, arbor canopy density threshold greater than a certain proportion, water source permanence index and altitude climate suitable zone, and activity corridor evaluation factors, such as slope migration limit angle, water source node accessibility and ridge line continuity; the human interference resistance factors comprise suitable habitat evaluation interference factors, such as village expansion heat gradient, tourism facility light pollution intensity and farmland encroachment front distance, and activity corridor evaluation interference factors, such as highway traffic volume pulse peak value, tourism trail human flow density time sequence fluctuation and high-voltage line corridor avoidance radius; and the refined ecological resistance factors comprise suitable habitat evaluation factors, such as main food bamboo distribution density, key food plant phenology matching degree and rock habitat crack safety index, and activity corridor evaluation factors, such as tree canopy layer continuity, liana bridge density and hidden shrub coverage threshold. The method for collecting data corresponding to the multi-factor system comprises the following steps: obtaining vegetation type spatial distribution maps and arbor canopy density grid data through multispectral remote sensing image interpretation, wherein the canopy density data is divided into high shielding areas according to a certain threshold; integrating meteorological station network data and a digital elevation model to extract altitude gradient zones, slope classification maps and slope aspect sunshine intensity coefficients; quantifying highway traffic volume pulse peak value, village density spatial heat maps, tourism trail usage rate time sequence fluctuation curves and food plant coverage rate seasonal variation coefficients through field investigation grid sampling; and obtaining monthly activity track point clouds of the golden monkey group by using a GPS collar tracking system, and recording moving speed, staying time length and nocturnal habitat selection preference data. The method for collecting data corresponding to the multi-factor system further comprises the following steps: ​ ​ 2. The multi-factor resistance layer-based construction method of the golden monkey habitat corridor according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ ​ ​ ​ 3. The multi-factor resistance layer-based construction method of the golden monkey habitat corridor according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, ​ The data of road traffic volume, village density, tourism trail usage rate and food plant coverage rate are obtained through field investigation, including: Deploy radar speedometer on the target highway section to record the vehicle traffic volume continuously, and extract the traffic pulse extreme value during the morning and evening peak hours; Use infrared counter to count the number of people at the entrance of the trail, and generate the working day / weekend double-mode people density surface combined with the holiday mode; Identify the boundary of newly built houses by aerial photography with a drone, and establish a three-level buffer resistance gradient with the village center as the origin; Set a given size of quadrat to measure the density of staple bamboo, and monitor the seasonal change coverage rate of key food plants with phenology camera.

5. The multi-factor resistance layer-based construction method of a golden snub-nosed monkey habitat corridor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standardization processing of the data corresponding to the collected multi-factor system specifically includes: For natural terrain factors, use linear normalization function to map resistance values in proportion based on preset threshold interval; for human disturbance factors, use nonlinear segmented function to set resistance jump gradient at disturbance critical value; for ecological resource factors, use negative correlation conversion mechanism, resource abundance is inversely proportional to resistance value; Combined with resistance directionality correction, positive factors execute resistance attenuation rules, negative factors execute resistance strengthening rules; introduce seasonal fluctuation coefficient to correct ecological factor resistance value; superimpose time period weight to adjust human disturbance factor.

6. The multi-factor resistance layer-based construction method of a golden snub-nosed monkey habitat corridor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The standardization processing of the data corresponding to the collected multi-factor system also includes: When the slope exceeds the species migration limit angle, set it as absolute resistance, and when it is below the minimum threshold, set it as no resistance, and use linear interpolation in between; set resistance correction coefficient according to the difference of sun and shade slope; Crown continuity uses exponential decay model, and continuity is negatively exponentially related to resistance value; food resource factor fluctuates according to phenology period, and resistance value increases in winter compared with the previous year; Road traffic volume, resistance increases exponentially after exceeding the critical value; tourism trail people density, superimpose time period fluctuation coefficient; high-voltage line corridor, set avoidance radius gradient.

7. The multi-factor resistance layer-based construction method of a golden snub-nosed monkey habitat corridor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the actual activity trajectory data of Sichuan golden monkey, the weight of each factor is determined by AHP combined with entropy weight method to form suitable habitat resistance layer and activity corridor resistance layer, specifically including: Double-track hierarchical modeling builds hierarchical models of suitable habitat resistance layer and activity corridor resistance layer, each layer containing target layer, criterion layer and index layer; Through expert ecological knowledge, the index factors under the same criterion layer are compared with each other to generate judgment matrix and calculate initial weight vector, and consistency test is performed to ensure logical reasonableness; Based on the Sichuan golden monkey activity trajectory obtained by GPS collar tracking, extract habitat core area residence frequency and path crossing point spatial density; Through entropy weight method, analyze the information entropy correlation degree of each resistance factor and trajectory distribution, the smaller the entropy value, the higher the factor weight; Combine the subjective weight obtained by AHP with the objective weight obtained by entropy weight method to synthesize comprehensive weight; the subjective weight of suitable habitat layer accounts for a higher proportion, and the objective weight of activity corridor layer accounts for a higher proportion; The generated suitable habitat resistance surface needs to cover most of the nocturnal habitat points, and the activity corridor resistance surface needs to match the spatial distribution of the actual crossing path; if it does not pass the verification, readjust the comparison relationship of the criterion layer factors until it meets the biological behavior rules.

8. The multi-factor resistance layer-based construction method of a golden snub-nosed monkey habitat corridor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superimposition of the suitable habitat resistance layer and the activity corridor resistance layer adopts a minimum cost path algorithm to generate a candidate path of the Sichuan golden monkey habitat corridor, and specifically comprises: The long-term stability weight is given to the suitable habitat resistance layer, and the short-term adaptability weight is given to the activity corridor resistance layer, and the two are synthesized into a comprehensive resistance surface according to a preset ratio; when superimposed, a grid algebra weighting method is adopted to ensure that the ecological base property of the habitat resistance layer and the behavior-oriented property of the corridor resistance layer work together; Based on the comprehensive resistance surface, a source-target pair is established between separated habitat patches, the source area is the core habitat of the monkey group, and the target area is the habitat island to be connected; An anisotropic cost distance model is used to calculate the minimum cumulative resistance path, which is compatible with the tree-dwelling movement characteristics of the Sichuan golden monkey, the vertical direction resistance decays, and the horizontal direction resistance increases; The candidate path generation rule includes generating a main path and a secondary path for each source-target pair; the path width is adaptively adjusted according to the resistance gradient, the core path bandwidth is fixed as the minimum continuous span of the canopy layer, and the edge buffer zone shrinks with the increase of the resistance value; The terrain-ecological coupling correction forces the path to pass through ecological mandatory nodes including permanent water sources and high-density food patches; and avoids terrain impassable areas and human disturbance hotspots.

9. The multi-factor resistance layer-based construction method of a golden snub-nosed monkey habitat corridor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connectivity verification of the candidate path, through infrared camera monitoring of the Sichuan golden monkey activity frequency of the candidate path, retains the path with an activity frequency greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold as the final habitat corridor, specifically comprises: An infrared camera array is deployed along the candidate path in sections, focusing on covering terrain mutation nodes and human disturbance transition zones; the camera spacing is dynamically adjusted according to the path resistance gradient; A basic monitoring period and an intensive verification period are performed, 24 hours a day to record the monkey group crossing events; the behavior types of group migration and individual exploration are distinguished; The monthly detection frequency per unit path length is calculated; secondary verification is started for the boundary path, the camera density is increased and the monitoring time is prolonged; The qualified paths are integrated into the final habitat corridor network, and the paths that do not meet the threshold are automatically removed; for niche key paths that do not meet the threshold due to seasonal fluctuations, the tree canopy corridor and the interference shielding belt are supplemented and reverified; Based on the time difference of the monkey group appearing at adjacent camera points, the moving speed is back calculated and the path connectivity efficiency is verified; if the group migration time exceeds the theoretical value by a predetermined proportion, the segment is determined as a corridor obstruction point and local optimization is triggered.

10. The Sichuan golden monkey habitat corridor construction method based on multiple factor resistance layers according to claims 1-9, applied to Sichuan golden monkey population connectivity repair, comprising setting food supply areas and hidden shelters in the core area of the corridor, and setting human disturbance isolation belts around the corridor.

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