Transmission control method and communication device

Abstract

The invention discloses a transmission control method and a communication device. The method comprises the following steps: an access network device sends first information, wherein the first information is used for requesting a first transmission parameter from a first core network element; the first core network element sends second information to the access network equipment, wherein the second information is used for indicating the first transmission parameter; the access network equipment sends third information to the terminal, the third information is used for indicating transmission control information of the first data, the transmission control information is obtained based on the first transmission parameter and the AI model, and the transmission control information is used for indicating time information for submitting the first data to an application layer; and the terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information. By adopting the method, the terminal can be accurately indicated to submit the time information of the first data to the application layer, the core network collects the transmission parameters, the access network equipment can obtain accurate information source information from the core network, and the accuracy of transmission control is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a transmission control method and a communication device. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the fifth generation (5G) th With the continuous development of 5G communication systems, data transmission latency is constantly decreasing and transmission capacity is increasing. 5G communication systems are gradually penetrating some multimedia services with strong real-time requirements and large data capacity requirements, such as video transmission, cloud gaming (CG), and extended reality (XR).

[0003] Cloud Extended Reality (Cloud XR) introduces the concepts and technologies of cloud computing and cloud rendering into XR business applications. With the help of a high-speed and stable network, the display output and sound output in the cloud are transmitted to the user equipment (UE) after being encoded and compressed, realizing the uploading of XR business content and rendering to the cloud, while XR user equipment can also meet the requirements of lightweight and mobility.

[0004] Extending real-world services to the cloud places stringent latency requirements on the network, posing a significant challenge to 5G systems.

[0005] Currently, some source control algorithms on the source side refer to the sending end sensing changes in network bandwidth and adjusting the amount of data sent accordingly. However, these algorithms are based on "detect first, adjust later," which may lead to untimely rate reduction causing stuttering, or untimely recovery causing frequency efficiency loss. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a transmission control method and a communication device to perform transmission control in a timely manner and improve transmission reliability.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a transmission control method, which can be applied to a network side, for example, an access network device of the network side, a module (for example, a circuit, a chip or a chip system, etc.) in the access network device, or a logic node, a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the access network device. Taking the case where the method is applied to the access network device, in the method, the access network device sends first information, the first information being used to request a first transmission parameter from a first core network element; the access network device receives second information from the first core network element, the second information being used to indicate the first transmission parameter; and the access network device sends third information to a terminal, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information of first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on the first transmission parameter and an artificial intelligence (AI) model, and the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to an application layer.

[0008] By using the above method, the access network device can request the first transmission parameter from the first core network element in real time, and obtain the transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter and the AI model of the access network device, so that the time information of submitting the first data to the application layer of the terminal can be accurately indicated, and transmission control can be performed in a timely manner according to the change of the network channel, thereby improving the transmission reliability.

[0009] In a possible design, the first transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data amount carried by the data packets, a packet loss rate, an arrival interval jitter, and a delay.

[0010] In another possible design, the method further includes: the access network device sends fourth information to a second core network element, the fourth information being used to request collection of the first transmission parameter; and the access network device receives fifth information from the second core network element, the fifth information being used to indicate confirmation of the fourth information.

[0011] By using the above design, before the access network device requests the first transmission parameter from the core network, the core network needs to be notified of the request of the access network device for collection of the first transmission parameter.

[0012] In yet another possible design, the method further includes: the access network device obtains a second transmission parameter; and the access network device trains the AI model based on the second transmission parameter.

[0013] By using the above design, the access network device trains the AI model based on the second transmission parameter obtained from the core network, so that the transmission control information output by the AI model can better reflect the change of the network channel.

[0014] In another possible design, the method further includes: sending, by the access network device, sixth information, the sixth information being used to request the second transmission parameter from the first core network element; and obtaining, by the access network device, the second transmission parameter, including: receiving, by the access network device, seventh information from the first core network element, the seventh information being used to indicate the second transmission parameter.

[0015] With the above design, the AI model can be more accurately trained by obtaining the second transmission parameter from the core network, so that the AI model can more accurately simulate the real network state.

[0016] In another possible design, the method further includes: sending, by the access network device, eighth information to the second core network element, the eighth information being used to request collection of the second transmission parameter; and receiving, by the access network device, ninth information from the second core network element, the ninth information being used to indicate confirmation of the eighth information.

[0017] With the above design, before the access network device requests the second transmission parameter from the core network, the core network needs to be notified of the collection of the second transmission parameter.

[0018] In another possible design, the second transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, sending timestamp of the packet, number of data packets, data amount carried by the data packets, packet loss rate, arrival interval jitter, and delay.

[0019] In another possible design, the access network device sends the first information, including: sending, by the access network device, the first information based on a first period, the first period being N times of a second period corresponding to the first data, N being a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0020] In another possible design, the transmission control information is further used to indicate the transmission rate of the first data.

[0021] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a transmission control method. The method can be applied to a terminal side, for example, a terminal or a communication module / processing module in the terminal, or a circuit or chip responsible for communication functions in the terminal (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or system in package (SIP) chip containing a modem core), or a circuit or chip responsible for processing functions in the terminal (such as a graphics processing unit (GPU)). Taking the case where the method is applied to a terminal, in the method, the terminal receives third information, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information of first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on a first transmission parameter and an AI model, and the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to an application layer; and the terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

[0022] By using the above method, the terminal can submit the first data to the application layer according to the time information of submitting the first data to the application layer indicated by the access network device, timely perform transmission control according to network channel changes, and improve transmission reliability.

[0023] In a third aspect, the method can be applied to a network side, for example, a user plane device of the network side, a module (such as a circuit, a chip or a chip system, etc.) in the user plane device, or a logic node, a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the user plane device. Taking the case where the method is applied to a user plane device, in the method, the user plane device receives first information, the first information being used to request a first transmission parameter; and the user plane device sends second information, the second information being used to indicate the first transmission parameter, the first transmission parameter being used for determination of transmission control information, the transmission control information being further associated with an AI model, and the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting first data to an application layer.

[0024] By using the above method, the access network device can obtain transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter and its own AI model, so as to accurately indicate the time information of submitting the first data to the application layer of the terminal, and timely perform transmission control according to network channel changes.

[0025] In a possible design, the first transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data amount carried by the data packets, a packet loss rate, an arrival interval jitter, and a delay.

[0026] In another possible design, the method further includes: receiving, by the user plane device, sixth information, the sixth information being used to request the second transmission parameter; and sending, by the user plane device, seventh information, the seventh information being used to indicate the second transmission parameter; wherein the second transmission parameter is used to train the AI model.

[0027] In yet another possible design, the second transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data volume carried by the data packets, a packet loss rate, an inter-arrival jitter, and a latency.

[0028] In a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, which has the function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a module or unit or means corresponding to the operations of the first aspect, which can be implemented by software, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.

[0029] For example, the communication apparatus includes a communication unit, and can further include a processing unit and a storage unit; wherein:

[0030] The communication unit is configured to send first information, the first information being used to request a first transmission parameter from a first core network element; the communication unit is further configured to receive second information from the first core network element, the second information being used to indicate the first transmission parameter; and the communication unit is further configured to send third information to a terminal, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information of the first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on the first transmission parameter and an AI model, the transmission control information being used to indicate time information of submitting the first data to an application layer.

[0031] In a possible design, the first transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data volume carried by the data packets, a packet loss rate, an inter-arrival jitter, and a latency.

[0032] In another possible design, the communication unit is further configured to send fourth information to a second core network element, the fourth information being used to request collection of the first transmission parameter; and the communication unit is further configured to receive fifth information from the second core network element, the fifth information being used to indicate an acknowledgement of the fourth information.

[0033] In yet another possible design, the processing unit is configured to obtain a second transmission parameter; and the processing unit is further configured to train the AI model based on the second transmission parameter.

[0034] In another possible design, the aforementioned communication unit is also used to send a sixth message, which is used to request the second transmission parameters from the first core network element; and the aforementioned communication unit is also used to receive a seventh message from the first core network element, which is used to indicate the second transmission parameters.

[0035] In another possible design, the aforementioned communication unit is further configured to send an eighth message to the second core network element, the eighth message being used to request the collection of the second transmission parameters; and the aforementioned communication unit is further configured to receive a ninth message from the second core network element, the ninth message being used to indicate confirmation of the eighth message.

[0036] In another possible design, the second transmission parameter mentioned above includes one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, message sending timestamp, number of data packets, data volume carried by data packets, packet loss rate, arrival interval jitter, and latency.

[0037] In another possible design, the aforementioned communication unit is also used to send first information based on a first cycle, where the first cycle is N times the second cycle corresponding to the first data, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0038] In another possible design, the aforementioned transmission control information is also used to indicate the transmission rate of the first data.

[0039] Fifthly, this application provides a communication device that has the functions of the second aspect above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means that perform the operations involved in the second aspect above. These modules, units, or means can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0040] For example, the communication device includes a communication unit and a processing unit, and may further include a storage unit; wherein:

[0041] A communication unit is configured to receive third information, which is used to indicate transmission control information for first data. The transmission control information is obtained based on first transmission parameters and an AI model. The transmission control information is used to indicate the time information for submitting the first data to the application layer. A processing unit is configured to submit the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

[0042] Sixthly, this application provides a communication device that has the functions of the third aspect above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means that perform the operations involved in the third aspect above. These modules, units, or means can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0043] For example, the communication device includes a communication unit, and may further include a processing unit and a storage unit; wherein:

[0044] The communication unit is configured to receive first information, which is used to request first transmission parameters; and the communication unit is also configured to send second information, which is used to indicate the first transmission parameters, which are used to determine transmission control information, which is also associated with an AI model, and the transmission control information is used to indicate the time information for submitting first data to the application layer.

[0045] In one possible design, the first transmission parameter mentioned above includes one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, message sending timestamp, number of data packets, data volume carried by data packets, packet loss rate, arrival interval jitter, and latency.

[0046] In another possible design, the aforementioned communication unit is also used to receive a sixth message, which is used to request a second transmission parameter; and the aforementioned communication unit is also used to send a seventh message, which is used to indicate the second transmission parameter; wherein the second transmission parameter is used to train an AI model.

[0047] In another possible design, the second transmission parameter mentioned above includes one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, message sending timestamp, number of data packets, data volume carried by data packets, packet loss rate, arrival interval jitter, and latency.

[0048] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a communication device including an interface circuit and one or more processors. The one or more processors are coupled to a memory. The memory stores part or all of the necessary computer program or instructions for implementing the functions described in the first aspect. The one or more processors are executable to carry out the computer program or instructions, causing the communication device to implement the methods in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect. The interface circuit is used to implement the communication functions within the communication device and / or the communication functions between the communication device and other devices or components.

[0049] In one possible design, the processor is used to communicate with other devices or components through the interface circuit.

[0050] In one possible design, the communication device may also include the memory.

[0051] The aforementioned communication device may be an access network device, a module (e.g., a circuit, chip, or chip system) within the access network device, or a logical node, logical module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the access network device.

[0052] Eighthly, this application provides a communication device including an interface circuit and one or more processors. The one or more processors are coupled to a memory. The memory stores part or all of the necessary computer program or instructions for implementing the functions described in the second aspect above. The one or more processors are executable to carry out the computer program or instructions, causing the communication device to implement the methods in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect above. The interface circuit is used to implement the communication functions within the communication device and / or the communication functions between the communication device and other devices or components.

[0053] In one possible design, the processor is used to communicate with other devices or components through the interface circuit.

[0054] In one possible design, the communication device may also include the memory.

[0055] The aforementioned communication device may be a terminal, or a communication / processing module in the terminal, or a chip in the terminal responsible for communication functions such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip) or a SoC or SIP chip containing a modem module, or a circuit or chip in the terminal responsible for processing functions (such as a GPU).

[0056] Ninthly, this application provides a communication device including an interface circuit and one or more processors. The one or more processors are coupled to a memory. The memory stores part or all of the computer program or instructions necessary to implement the functions described in the third aspect above. The one or more processors are executable to carry out the computer program or instructions, causing the communication device to implement the methods in any possible design or implementation of the third aspect above. The interface circuit is used to implement the communication functions within the communication device and / or the communication functions between the communication device and other devices or components.

[0057] In one possible design, the processor is used to communicate with other devices or components through the interface circuit.

[0058] In one possible design, the communication device may also include the memory.

[0059] The aforementioned communication device may be a user plane device, a module (e.g., a circuit, chip, or chip system) in a user plane device, or a logic node, logic module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the user plane device.

[0060] In a tenth aspect, this application provides a communication system, including a communication device as described in the fourth aspect or any of the fourth aspects, a communication device as described in the fifth aspect or any of the fifth aspects, and a communication device as described in the sixth aspect or any of the sixth aspects.

[0061] Eleventhly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, which, when read and executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform any of the possible designs in the first to third aspects described above.

[0062] In a twelfth aspect, this application provides a computer program product that, when read and executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the possible designs in the first to third aspects described above. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one possible, non-limiting system.

[0064] Figure 2 and Figure 3 A schematic diagram of possible application frameworks in a communication system;

[0065] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a cloud-based virtual reality / augmented reality communication network;

[0066] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of latency-based rate control.

[0067] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the control mechanism of the application layer and changes in network channels.

[0068] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating the transmission control method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 9A This is a schematic diagram illustrating a memoryless AI transmission control logic as an example of an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 9B This is a schematic diagram of a memory-based AI transmission control logic as an example of an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 10 Possible exemplary block diagrams of the communication devices involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0072] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0073] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating one possible, non-limiting system. For example... Figure 1As shown, the communication system 10 includes a radio access network (RAN) 100 and a core network (CN) 200. RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (e.g., ...). Figure 1 110a and 110b (collectively referred to as 110) and at least one terminal (such as Figure 1 RAN 100, denoted as RAN 120a-120j, is collectively referred to as RAN 120. RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay equipment and / or wireless backhaul equipment. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image). Terminal 120 is connected to RAN node 110 wirelessly. RAN node 110 is connected to core network 200 wirelessly or via wired connection. The core network equipment in core network 200 and RAN node 110 in RAN 100 can be different physical devices, or they can be the same physical device integrating core network logical functions and radio access network logical functions. RAN 100 and core network 200 can also be connected to the Internet 300.

[0074] RAN100 can be used for the third-generation partner program (3 rd RAN 100 can be a cellular system related to the Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as 4G, 5G mobile communication systems, or future-oriented evolution systems. RAN 100 can also be an open RAN (O-RAN or ORAN), a cloud radio access network (CRAN), or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system. RAN 100 can also be a communication system that integrates two or more of the above systems.

[0075] RAN node 110, sometimes also referred to as access network equipment, RAN entity, or access node, constitutes part of the communication system and is used to help terminals achieve wireless access. Multiple RAN nodes 110 in communication system 10 can be of the same type or different types. In some scenarios, the roles of RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are relative, for example... Figure 1 Network element 120i can be a helicopter or a drone, and it can be configured as a mobile base station. For terminals 120j that access RAN 100 through network element 120i, network element 120i is a base station; however, for base station 110a, network element 120i is a terminal. RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are sometimes referred to as communication devices, for example... Figure 1Network elements 110a and 110b can be understood as communication devices with base station functions, while network elements 120a-120j can be understood as communication devices with terminal functions.

[0076] In one possible scenario, a RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a WiFi system, etc. Figure 1 110a), micro base stations or indoor stations (such as Figure 1 The RAN node can be a relay node or donor node (as described in section 110b), or a wireless controller in a CRAN scenario. Optionally, the RAN node can also be a server, wearable device, vehicle, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU). All or part of the functions of the RAN node in this application can also be implemented through software functions running on hardware, or through virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform). The RAN node can also be equipped with communication modules, circuits, or chips that perform corresponding communication functions. The RAN node can also be configured with program instructions for performing corresponding communication functions and corresponding program instructions. The RAN node in this application can also be a logical node, logical module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the RAN node functions.

[0077] In another possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, with each RAN node performing a portion of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes can be centralized units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), CU-control plane (CPs), CU-user plane (UPs), or radio units (RUs), etc. CUs and DUs can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs).

[0078] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU (open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0079] A terminal can be a device or module that accesses the aforementioned communication system and has corresponding communication functions. A terminal can also be called a terminal device, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, etc. Terminals can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, etc. Terminals can be mobile phones, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable devices, vehicles, drones, helicopters, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, transportation vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, communication modules, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the device form of the terminal. A terminal typically contains a communication module, circuit, or chip that performs the corresponding communication function. The terminal can also be configured with program instructions for performing the corresponding communication function.

[0080] To support AI technology in wireless networks, AI nodes may also be introduced into the network.

[0081] AI nodes can be deployed in one or more of the following locations within the communication system: access network nodes (RAN nodes), terminals, or core network equipment. Alternatively, AI nodes can be deployed independently, for example, in a location other than any of the above-mentioned devices, such as in the host or cloud server of an over-the-top (OTT) system. AI nodes can communicate with other devices in the communication system, which can be one or more of the following: network devices, terminals, or core network elements.

[0082] It is understood that this application does not limit the number of AI nodes. For example, when there are multiple AI nodes, these nodes can be divided based on function, such as different AI nodes being responsible for different functions.

[0083] It can also be understood that AI nodes can be independent devices, or they can be integrated into the same device to achieve different functions. Alternatively, they can be network elements in hardware devices, software functions running on dedicated hardware, or virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform). This application does not limit the specific form of the aforementioned AI nodes.

[0084] AI nodes can be AI network elements or AI modules.

[0085] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a possible application framework in a communication system. For example... Figure 2 As shown, network elements in a communication system are connected via interfaces (e.g., NG, Xn) or air interfaces. These network element nodes, such as core network equipment, access network nodes (RAN nodes), terminals, or one or more devices in operations administration and maintenance (OAM), are equipped with one or more AI modules (for clarity, ...). Figure 2 (Only one is shown in the image). An access network node can be a single RAN node or can include multiple RAN nodes, such as a CU and a DU. The CU and / or DU can also be equipped with one or more AI modules. The CU can also be split into CU-CP and CU-UP, and one or more AI modules can be set in the CU-CP and / or CU-UP.

[0086] AI modules are used to implement corresponding AI functions. AI modules deployed in different network elements can be the same or different. The models of AI modules can achieve different functions depending on the parameter configurations. The models of AI modules can be configured based on one or more of the following parameters: structural parameters (e.g., at least one of the following: number of neural network layers, neural network width, inter-layer connections, neuron weights, neuron activation function, or biases in the activation function), input parameters (e.g., the type and / or dimension of the input parameters), or output parameters (e.g., the type and / or dimension of the output parameters). The biases in the activation function can also be referred to as the biases of the neural network.

[0087] In one example, the neural network mentioned above could be a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), or a generative adversarial network (GAN).

[0088] Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are artificial neural network architectures with multiple layers of nonlinear transformation units stacked in a hierarchical structure to form deep computational models. Compared to shallow neural networks, deep neural networks have more hidden layers, allowing the network model to capture more complex data structures and higher-level abstract features.

[0089] A CNN is a deep neural network with a convolutional structure. A CNN contains a feature extractor consisting of convolutional layers and subsampling layers. This feature extractor can be viewed as a filter, and the convolution process can be seen as performing convolution between a trainable filter and an input image or a convolutional feature map.

[0090] RNN is a type of recursive neural network that takes sequence data as input, recursively moves along the direction of sequence evolution, and connects all nodes (recurrent units) in a chain-like manner.

[0091] GAN is a deep learning model. It consists of a generator and a discriminator, and is trained through adversarial learning. Its purpose is to estimate the potential distribution of data samples and generate new data samples.

[0092] An AI module can have one or more models. A model can infer an output, which includes one or more parameters. The learning, training, or inference processes of different models can be deployed on different nodes or devices, or they can be deployed on the same node or device.

[0093] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another possible application framework in a communication system. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the communication system includes a RAN intelligent controller (RIC). For example, the RIC could be... Figure 2 The AI ​​module shown is used to implement AI-related functions. RICs include near-real-time RICs (near-RT RICs) and non-real-time RICs (non-RT RICs). Non-real-time RICs primarily process non-real-time information, such as data that is not sensitive to latency, with latency in the order of seconds. Real-time RICs primarily process near-real-time information, such as data that is relatively sensitive to latency, with latency in the order of tens of milliseconds.

[0094] Near real-time (NRT) RICs are used for model training and inference. For example, they are used to train AI models and then use those models for inference. NRT RICs can obtain network-side and / or terminal-side information from RAN nodes (e.g., CUs, CU-CPs, CU-UPs, DUs, and / or RUs) and / or terminals. This information can be used as training data or inference data. NRT RICs can deliver inference results to RAN nodes and / or terminals. Inference results can be exchanged between CUs and DUs, and / or between DUs and RUs. For example, a NRT RIC delivers an inference result to a DU, which then forwards it to an RU.

[0095] Non-real-time RICs are also used for model training and inference. For example, they are used to train AI models and then use those models for inference. Non-real-time RICs can obtain network-side and / or terminal-side information from RAN nodes (e.g., CUs, CU-CPs, CU-UPs, DUs, and / or RUs) and / or terminals. This information can be used as training data or inference data, and the inference results can be delivered to RAN nodes and / or terminals. Inference results can be exchanged between CUs and DUs, and / or between DUs and RUs; for example, a non-real-time RIC delivers inference results to a DU, which then forwards them to an RU.

[0096] Near real-time RICs and non-real-time RICs can also be configured as separate network elements. Near real-time RICs and non-real-time RICs can also be part of other devices. For example, near real-time RICs can be set in RAN nodes (e.g., CU, DU), while non-real-time RICs can be set in OAM, cloud servers, core network devices, or other network devices.

[0097] In recent years, with the continuous development of 5G communication systems, data transmission latency has been continuously reduced and transmission capacity has been increasing. 5G communication systems have gradually penetrated into some multimedia services with strong real-time requirements and large data capacity requirements, such as video transmission, cloud gaming, and XR, among which XR includes virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR).

[0098] With the rapid increase in communication transmission speeds, real-time video transmission has gradually become one of the core services in current networks. The continuous progress and improvement of extended reality technology has also led to the vigorous development of related industries. Today, VR technology, as a type of XR, has entered various fields closely related to people's production and lives, such as education, entertainment, healthcare, environmental protection, transportation, and public health. Compared to traditional video services, VR has advantages such as multiple perspectives and strong interactivity, providing users with a completely new visual experience. VR integrates computer graphics, multimedia, and other technologies, simulating the functions of human sensory organs such as vision, hearing, and touch, and enabling real-time communication through language and gestures, enhancing immersion. AR, on the other hand, uses computer technology to overlay virtual information onto the real world, displaying it through devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and glasses, allowing people to perceive it, thus achieving a great fusion of reality and virtuality, enriching the real world. In short, it gives objects more information, enhances the sense of three-dimensionality, and strengthens visual effects and interactive experiences.

[0099] Cloud Virtual Reality (Cloud VR) and Cloud Augmented Reality (Cloud AR) introduce the concepts and technologies of cloud computing and cloud rendering into VR / AR business applications. With the help of a high-speed and stable network, the display output and sound output of the cloud are transmitted to the terminal after being encoded and compressed, realizing the uploading of VR / AR business content and rendering to the cloud. VR / AR terminals can also meet the requirements of lightweight and mobility. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the Cloud VR / AR communication network is provided. VR / AR terminals connect to the network through base stations or other access points to obtain VR / AR services from the cloud.

[0100] Cloud XR services have strict latency requirements for the network. The motion-to-photons (MTP) latency must be less than 20ms to provide a partially immersive experience. Using asynchronous rendering technology, the end-to-end interaction latency can be relaxed to 70ms. After deducting the encoding and rendering latency on the server side and the decoding processing latency on the terminal, only 20ms of latency remains for network transmission, with 10ms each for uplink and downlink. In recent years, with the evolution of XR services, including the maturity of haptic internet technology, the latency requirements for the network have become even more stringent. For example, in remote control systems, to ensure high fidelity of haptic feedback and remote operation, the sampling rate of haptic information should be no less than 1kHz, and the sample transmission latency requirement is 5ms, posing a significant challenge to 5G systems.

[0101] The embodiments in this application are related to the source control algorithm on the source side. Since network bandwidth is often limited and dynamically changing, the sending end cannot occupy network bandwidth indefinitely. If too much data is sent at a certain moment, it will lead to an increase in queuing delay on the network link, which in turn will result in packet loss and retransmission.

[0102] Source control algorithms guide the sending end to sense changes in network bandwidth and adjust the amount of data sent in a timely manner to minimize latency while ensuring service quality. Common source control algorithms, such as the GNU compiler collection (GCC) tuning algorithm, bottleneck bandwidth, and round-trip propagation time, adjust the amount of data sent by the sending end by sensing network state parameters such as packet loss or round-trip time (RTT).

[0103] Currently, a common source control algorithm is the GCC (Gross Rate Control) algorithm. GCC achieves transmission control through delay and packet loss information. The output of the GCC module is the bit rate. The GCC algorithm mainly consists of two parts: delay-based bit rate control and packet loss-based bit rate control. Both delay-based and packet loss-based bit rate control calculate the predicted bit rate, and finally, the lower bit rate is selected as the set bit rate for encoding and transmission.

[0104] Among them, such as Figure 5 The diagram shown illustrates latency-based rate control. Latency-based rate control calculates the latency difference (delta delay) based on the packet arrival time, and then determines whether the network is overloaded based on the growth trend of the latency difference, thereby deciding how to adjust the bit rate.

[0105] Among them, rate control based on packet loss refers to reducing the transmission rate when packet loss is severe and increasing the rate when packet loss is normal. The rate of the i-th data packet... satisfy:

[0106]

[0107] Where p represents the packet loss rate and i represents the packet index. This represents the bitrate of the previous data packet (the (i-1)th data packet).

[0108] The aforementioned control algorithm is an application-layer control mechanism. A schematic diagram illustrating this mechanism and network channel changes is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, this modulation mechanism cannot keep up with changes in the network channel in a timely manner, and it belongs to the "detect first, adjust later" approach.

[0109] When channel fading occurs, the application layer source control cannot detect it in time, and the failure to reduce the speed in time will cause video frame loss / skipping (such as stuttering, screen tearing).

[0110] The channel conditions are good, but the source detection network has a large delay, which leads to untimely rate recovery, resulting in a loss of spectrum efficiency and insufficient bandwidth utilization.

[0111] In view of this, this application provides a transmission control scheme in which the access network device requests the first transmission parameters from the first core network element in real time, and obtains transmission control information based on the first transmission parameters and its own AI model. This allows it to accurately instruct the terminal on the time information for submitting the first data to the application layer. The core network collects the transmission parameters, and the access network device can obtain accurate source information from the core network, thereby improving the reliability of transmission.

[0112] The communication method and apparatus will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that this application uses user plane equipment, access network equipment, and a terminal as examples to illustrate the execution of the interaction, but this application does not limit the execution subject of the interaction. For example, the method executed by the user plane equipment in this application can also be implemented by modules (e.g., circuits, chips, or chip systems) in the user plane equipment, or by logical nodes, logical modules, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the user plane equipment; the method executed by the access network equipment in this application can also be implemented by modules (e.g., circuits, chips, or chip systems) in the access network equipment, or by logical nodes, logical modules, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the access network equipment; the method executed by the terminal in this application can also be implemented by the communication / processing module in the terminal or by the circuit or chip (such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip), or a SoC chip containing a modem core, or a SIP chip, or a GPU) in the terminal responsible for communication / processing functions.

[0113] like Figure 7 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a transmission control method provided in an embodiment of this application. Exemplarily, the method may include the following steps:

[0114] S701. The access network device sends the first information to the first core network element.

[0115] Correspondingly, the first core network element receives the first information.

[0116] The first information is used to request the first transmission parameters from the first core network element.

[0117] In this embodiment, when the server needs to send first data to the terminal, the access network device can control the transmission of the first data sent to the terminal based on the transmission control information output by the AI ​​model. For example, the access network device needs to determine the time information when the first terminal submits the first data to the application layer of the first terminal.

[0118] In this embodiment, the access network device can obtain transmission control information based on a pre-trained AI model and first transmission parameters obtained in real time from the core network. For example, the access network device infers the transmission control information based on the AI ​​model and the first transmission parameters.

[0119] The input to this AI model can be the first transmission parameters transmitted by the core network. Therefore, the access network device needs to obtain the first transmission parameters from the core network. Consequently, the access network device sends first information to the first core network element, which requests the first transmission parameters from the first core network element. For example, the first core network element can be a user plane function (UPF).

[0120] The first transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, message sending timestamp, number of data packets, data volume carried by each data packet, packet loss rate, interarrival jitter, and latency. The transmission rate can also be referred to as the service rate, etc. At least one of the following parameters comes from the Real-Time Transmission Protocol (RTP) packet header: total number of RTP packets sent by the sender, total number of RTP packets sent by the sender (in bytes), packet loss rate between two adjacent receiver messages, interarrival jitter, timestamp of the previous sender message, and latency since the previous sender message. For example, the message sending timestamp can be the RTP message sending timestamp (RTP timestamp); the number of data packets can be the total number of RTP data packets sent by the sender (sender's packet count); the data volume carried by the data packets can be the total number of RTP data packets sent by the sender (sender's packet octet count); the packet loss rate can be the packet loss rate between two adjacent receiver messages (fraction lost); the message sending timestamp can also be the timestamp of the previous sender message (sender report, SR) (last SR, LSR); and the delay can be the delay since the previous sender message (delay since last SR, DLSR).

[0121] S702. The first core network element sends the second information to the access network equipment.

[0122] Accordingly, the access network device receives this second information.

[0123] The second information is used to indicate the first transmission parameters.

[0124] The first core network element can obtain the first transmission parameters based on the information fed back by the real-time transmission protocol (RTP).

[0125] After receiving the first information, the first core network element sends the second information to the access network device based on the first transmission parameters it has obtained from the information fed back by RTP.

[0126] S703. Access network equipment sends third-party information to the terminal.

[0127] Accordingly, the terminal receives this third information.

[0128] After acquiring the first transmission parameters, the access network device can also obtain the predicted channel rate based on the channel map. Then, the access network device can obtain the current transmission control information based on the first transmission parameters, the channel rate, and the AI ​​model. For example, the access network device can input the real-time acquired first transmission parameters and channel rate into a pre-trained AI model to obtain transmission control information. This transmission control information is used to indicate the time information for submitting the first data to the application layer. Furthermore, this transmission control information is also used to indicate the transmission rate of the first data.

[0129] Then, the access network device sends third information to the terminal. This third information is used to indicate the transmission control information of the first data.

[0130] For example, the third information may be carried on at least one of the following signaling: downlink control information (DCI) (scheduled DCI / unscheduled DCI), media access control-control element (MAC CE), and radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

[0131] S704. The terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

[0132] After receiving the transmission control information sent by the access network device, the terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information. That is, it submits the first data to the application layer based on the time information indicated by the transmission control information.

[0133] For example, assuming network performance degrades, the core network notifies the access network device through the first transmission parameter. The access network device obtains transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter and notifies the terminal to delay the delivery of the first data to the application layer. The terminal's application layer senses the delayed delivery and feeds back to the access network and the core network, causing the core network to reduce its rate and achieve a virtuous cycle.

[0134] According to an embodiment of this application, a transmission control method is provided in which an access network device requests a first transmission parameter from a first core network element in real time, and obtains transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter and its own AI model. This allows the device to accurately instruct the terminal on the time information for submitting the first data to the application layer. The core network collects the transmission parameters, and the access network device can obtain accurate source information from the core network, thereby improving the reliability of transmission.

[0135] The above embodiments describe how the access network device requests first transmission parameters from a first core network element in real time, and obtains transmission control information based on the first transmission parameters and its own AI model. The following embodiments will describe how, before requesting the first transmission parameters, the access network device can also request the collection of the first transmission parameters from a second core network element, thereby notifying the first core network element of the request for the collection of the first transmission parameters; and how the access network device can also obtain second transmission parameters to train the aforementioned AI model.

[0136] like Figure 8 The diagram shown illustrates a flow chart of another transmission control method provided in this application. Exemplarily, the method may include the following steps:

[0137] S800. The terminal, access network equipment, AMF / SMF and UPF complete the session setup procedure.

[0138] S801. The access network device sends the eighth information to the second core network element (e.g., AMF / SMF).

[0139] Correspondingly, the second core network element receives this eighth information.

[0140] The eighth piece of information is used to request the collection of the second transmission parameters.

[0141] In this embodiment, the access network device can control the transmission of data sent to the terminal based on transmission control information output by the AI ​​model. This transmission control information can, for example, be a strategy for real-time bit rate adjustment by the source. The input to the AI ​​model can be transmission parameters transmitted by the core network. The transmission control information obtained based on this AI model can provide timely and accurate feedback on the network's channel status.

[0142] In one example, the AI ​​model could be as follows: Figure 9A The memoryless transmission control model shown takes one or more of the following as input: network channel state, packet loss rate, delay, delay interval, and throughput. The AI ​​model can then output transmission control information through inference.

[0143] In another example, the AI ​​model could be as follows: Figure 9B The transmission control model with memory shown has the RTT packet loss rate at the current time and several historical times before the current time (e.g., Figure 9B The RTT packet loss rate at time t5 and the RTT packet loss rate at times t1 to t4 before time t5 can both be used as input to the model, and the model outputs a bit rate decision.

[0144] Therefore, in order to obtain transmission control information, access network devices need to first acquire the transmission parameters of core network elements to train AI models.

[0145] For example, the access network device can send the eighth information to the AMF / SMF via the N2 interface. This eighth information can be carried in a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session resource modify indication. For example, a new information element can be added to the PDU session resource modify indication to request the collection of the second transmission parameters.

[0146] In one example, the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session resource modify indication includes one or more of the following information element (IE) / group names: message type, AMF UE NGAP ID (a unique ID assigned to the UE by the AMF), RAN UE NGAP ID (a unique ID assigned to the UE by the gNB), PDU session resource modify indication list, PDU session resource modify indication item, PDU session ID, PDU session resource modify indication transfer, and user location information. Its specific content and value range are shown in Table 1 below.

[0147] Table 1

[0148]

[0149]

[0150] For example, a new information element, such as traffic parameter collecting, can be added to the "Protocol Data Unit Session Resource Modification Indication Transmission" to inform the core network of the transmission parameters collected for a session / QoS flow. This "Protocol Data Unit Session Resource Modification Indication Transmission" can carry a session identifier / QoS flow identifier. A session can include one or more QoS flows.

[0151] S802. The second core network element sends the ninth information to the access network equipment.

[0152] Accordingly, the access network equipment receives this ninth information.

[0153] The ninth piece of information is used to indicate confirmation of the eighth piece of information.

[0154] After receiving the eighth information, the AMF / SMF sends the ninth information to the access network device through the N2 interface. For example, this ninth information can be carried in a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session resource modify confirm. A new information element can be added to the PDU session resource modify confirm to indicate confirmation of the eighth information.

[0155] The content of the Protocol Data Unit Session Resource Modification Confirmation is similar to that of the Protocol Data Unit Session Resource Modification Instruction. A new information element can be added to the "Protocol Data Unit Session Resource Modification Confirmation" to inform the access network device that it has received the above-mentioned service parameter collection notification.

[0156] S803. The second core network element sends the tenth information to the first core network element (such as UPF).

[0157] Correspondingly, the first core network element receives this tenth information.

[0158] The tenth piece of information is used to request the collection of the second transmission parameters.

[0159] For example, after receiving the eighth information, the AMF / SMF can send the tenth information to the UPF via the N4 interface. This tenth information can be carried in a session modification request message. This session modification request message informs the core network of the transmission parameters collected for the tunnel. The session modification request message can carry a tunnel identifier. For example, an additional information element can be added to the session modification request message to request the collection of the second transmission parameter.

[0160] S804. The first core network element sends the eleventh message to the second core network element.

[0161] Correspondingly, the second core network element receives this eleventh piece of information.

[0162] The eleventh piece of information is used to indicate confirmation of the tenth piece of information.

[0163] For example, after receiving the tenth message, the UPF sends the eleventh message to the AMF / SMF via the N4 interface. This eleventh message can be carried in a session modification response message. For example, an additional information element can be added to the session modification response message to indicate confirmation of the tenth message.

[0164] As can be seen, through the above steps S801 to S804, the access network device establishes a link with the core network, and the core network becomes aware that the access network device is requesting transmission parameters. For example, the request for transmission parameters can be periodic on the order of seconds, can be protocol-defined, or can be pre-configured.

[0165] After the access network device establishes a link with the first core network element, the first core network element can obtain transmission parameters based on the information fed back by the real-time transmission protocol (RTP).

[0166] S805. The access network device sends the sixth information to the first core network element.

[0167] Correspondingly, the first core network element receives this sixth piece of information.

[0168] The sixth piece of information is used to request the second transmission parameters from the first core network element.

[0169] For example, the access network device can send a sixth message to the first core network element via the N3 interface. For example, this sixth message can be a new User Plane-General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol-User Plane (GTP-U) request message, such as a traffic model training request. For example, an additional information element can be added to the traffic model training request to request second transmission parameters from the first core network element.

[0170] The meaning and content of the second transmission parameter can be found in the description of the transmission parameters above.

[0171] S806. The first core network element sends the seventh information to the access network equipment.

[0172] Accordingly, the access network device receives this seventh piece of information.

[0173] The seventh piece of information is used to indicate the second transmission parameters.

[0174] Since the first core network element has already obtained the transmission parameters based on the information fed back by RTP, after receiving the sixth information, the first core network element can send the seventh information to the access network device through the N3 interface. For example, this seventh information can be carried on the traffic model training response. For example, a new information element can be added to the traffic model training response to indicate the second transmission parameters.

[0175] S807. The access network device trains the AI ​​model based on the second transmission parameters.

[0176] After receiving the second transmission parameters, the access network device can train an AI model based on the second transmission parameters.

[0177] There are two ways to train AI models for access network devices:

[0178] One implementation involves the access network device training an AI model online based on the acquired second transmission parameters from the current and / or historical times. This allows for simultaneous training of the AI ​​model and the use of the transmission control information output by the AI ​​model for transmission control. This approach eliminates the need for the access network device to pre-store a pre-trained model, simplifying implementation.

[0179] Another approach is for the access network device to pre-embed a pre-trained model and fine-tune the model based on the second transmission parameters at the current and / or historical times, i.e., to subtly adjust certain parameters of the pre-trained model. This method offers high training efficiency and consumes fewer resources.

[0180] After the access network device has trained its AI model, it can perform inference based on the model. Before performing inference, the access network device needs to obtain the core network's transmission parameters, i.e., the first transmission parameters, in real time.

[0181] Before obtaining the first transmission parameters, the access network device similarly needs to notify the core network that it needs to obtain the first transmission parameters. Therefore, the following steps S808 to S811 are performed:

[0182] S808. The access network device sends the fourth information to the second core network element.

[0183] Correspondingly, the second core network element receives this fourth information.

[0184] The fourth piece of information is used to request the collection of the first transmission parameters.

[0185] The specific implementation of this step can be found in the relevant description of S801, and will not be repeated here. The difference is that the access network device requests the collection of the first transmission parameters.

[0186] S809. The second core network element sends the fifth information to the access network equipment.

[0187] Correspondingly, the access network equipment receives this fifth piece of information.

[0188] The fifth piece of information is used to indicate confirmation of the fourth piece of information.

[0189] For details on the implementation of this step, please refer to the relevant description in S802, which will not be repeated here.

[0190] S810. The second core network element sends the twelfth message to the first core network element.

[0191] Correspondingly, the first core network element receives the twelfth information.

[0192] The twelfth piece of information is used to request the collection of the first transmission parameters.

[0193] The specific implementation of this step can be found in the relevant description in S803, and will not be repeated here. The difference is that the access network device requests the collection of the first transmission parameters.

[0194] S811. The first core network element sends the thirteenth message to the second core network element.

[0195] Correspondingly, the second core network element receives this thirteenth piece of information.

[0196] The thirteenth message is used to indicate confirmation of the twelfth message.

[0197] For details on the implementation of this step, please refer to the relevant description in S804, which will not be repeated here.

[0198] The server will send the first data to the terminal. The access network device needs to determine the timing information of when the first terminal submits this first data to its application layer. Therefore, the access network device needs to obtain transmission control information based on the pre-trained AI model and the first transmission parameters obtained in real time from the core network.

[0199] First, the access network equipment needs to obtain the first transmission parameters from the core network in real time:

[0200] S812. The access network device sends the first information to the first core network element.

[0201] Correspondingly, the first core network element receives the first information.

[0202] The first information is used to request the first transmission parameters from the first core network element.

[0203] For example, the access network device can send first information to the first core network element through the N3 interface. For example, the first information can be a new GTP-U request message, such as a service model training request. The sending of the first information can be periodic; for example, the access network device sends the first information based on a first period, where the first period is N times the second period corresponding to the first data, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0204] The meaning and content of the first transmission parameter can be found in the description of the transmission parameters above.

[0205] S813. The first core network element sends the second information to the access network equipment.

[0206] Accordingly, the access network device receives this second information.

[0207] The second information is used to indicate the first transmission parameters.

[0208] Since the first core network element has already obtained the transmission parameters based on the information fed back by RTP, after receiving the first information, the first core network element can send the second information to the access network device through the N3 interface. For example, this second information can carry the service model training response.

[0209] The first transmission parameters obtained differ depending on the type of AI model in the access network device:

[0210] In one implementation, the AI ​​model described above is a memoryless transmission control model, in which case the first transmission parameter includes the transmission parameter at the current moment.

[0211] In another implementation, the AI ​​model described above is a transmission control model with memory. In this case, the first transmission parameter may include not only the transmission parameter at the current moment, but also the transmission parameters at several historical moments prior to the current moment.

[0212] S814. The access network device sends third information to the terminal.

[0213] Accordingly, the terminal receives this third information.

[0214] After acquiring the first transmission parameters, the access network device can also obtain at least one of the following channel parameters based on the channel map: predicted channel rate, channel bandwidth, information status information, reference signal receiving power (RSRP), and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Then, the access network device can obtain current transmission control information based on the first transmission parameters, the channel rate, and the AI ​​model. For example, the access network device can input the real-time acquired first transmission parameters (or the processed transmission parameters) and the aforementioned channel parameters into a pre-trained AI model to obtain transmission control information. This transmission control information is used to indicate the time information for submitting the first data to the application layer. Furthermore, this transmission control information is also used to indicate the transmission rate of the first data.

[0215] Then, the access network device sends third information to the terminal. This third information is used to indicate the transmission control information of the first data.

[0216] For example, the third information may be carried on at least one of the following signaling: DCI (scheduled DCI / unscheduled DCI), MAC CE, RRC signaling.

[0217] S815. The terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

[0218] After receiving the transmission control information sent by the access network device, the terminal submits the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information. That is, it submits the first data to the application layer based on the time information indicated by the transmission control information.

[0219] For example, assuming network performance degrades, the core network notifies the access network device through the first transmission parameter. The access network device obtains transmission control information based on the first transmission parameter and notifies the terminal to delay the delivery of the first data to the application layer. The terminal's application layer senses the delayed delivery and feeds back to the access network and the core network, causing the core network to reduce its rate and achieve a virtuous cycle.

[0220] According to an embodiment of this application, a transmission control method is provided in which an access network device requests first transmission parameters from a first core network element in real time, and obtains transmission control information based on the first transmission parameters and its own AI model. This allows the device to accurately instruct the terminal on the time information for submitting first data to the application layer. The core network collects the transmission parameters, and the access network device can obtain accurate source information from the core network, thus improving the reliability of transmission. Furthermore, by requesting transmission parameters from the core network element, the access network device can obtain the transmission parameters for training and inference of the AI ​​model.

[0221] In this application, "sending information" can be understood as one device sending information to another device, or it can also be understood as one logical module within a device sending information to another logical module. For example, "access network device sending information" can be understood as the access network device sending information to another device (such as a terminal), or it can be understood as logical module 1 in the access network device sending information to logical module 2 in the access network device.

[0222] In this application, "receiving information" can be understood as one device receiving information from another device, or it can also be understood as a logical module within a device receiving information from another logical module. For example, "access network device receiving information" can be understood as the access network device receiving information from another device (such as a terminal), or it can be understood as logical module 1 in the access network device receiving information from logical module 2 in the access network device.

[0223] In this application, phrases such as "sending information to... (e.g., a terminal)" or related illustrations in the accompanying drawings can be understood as indicating that the destination of the information is a terminal. This can include sending information directly or indirectly to a terminal. Similarly, phrases such as "receiving information from... (e.g., a terminal)," "receiving information from... (e.g., a terminal)," or "receiving information sent by (e.g., a terminal)," or related illustrations in the accompanying drawings, can be understood as indicating that the source of the information is a terminal. This can include receiving information directly or indirectly from a terminal. Information may undergo necessary processing between the source and destination, such as format changes, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar expressions in this application can be interpreted similarly and will not be elaborated further here.

[0224] Figure 10 A possible exemplary block diagram of the communication device involved in an embodiment of this application is shown. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the communication device 1000 may include modules or units for implementing the methods described in the embodiments above. In one possible design, the communication device 1000 includes a processing unit 1002 and a communication unit 1003. Optionally, the communication device 1000 may further include a storage unit 1001 for storing device program code and / or data.

[0225] The communication device 1000 can be a network-side device in the above embodiments, such as an access network device or a communication module in the access network device, or a circuit or chip in the access network device responsible for communication functions.

[0226] For example, in one embodiment, the communication unit 1003 is configured to send first information, which is used to request first transmission parameters from a first core network element; the communication unit 1003 is also configured to receive second information from the first core network element, which is used to indicate the first transmission parameters; and the communication unit 1003 is also configured to send third information to a terminal device, which is used to indicate transmission control information for first data, which is obtained based on the first transmission parameters and an AI model, and is used to indicate the time information for submitting the first data to the application layer.

[0227] In one possible design, the first transmission parameter includes one or more of the following parameters: delay, packet loss rate, transmission rate, timestamp of the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) message, total number of RTP packets, total number of RTP packet bytes, packet loss rate between two adjacent RR messages, jitter between two input time intervals, timestamp of the previous SR message, and delay since the previous SR message.

[0228] In another possible design, the communication unit 1003 is further configured to send a fourth message to the second core network element, the fourth message being used to request the collection of the first transmission parameters; and the communication unit 1003 is further configured to receive a fifth message from the second core network element, the fifth message being used to indicate confirmation of the fourth message.

[0229] In another possible design, the processing unit 1002 is used to acquire the second transmission parameters; and the processing unit 1002 is also used to train the AI ​​model based on the second transmission parameters.

[0230] In another possible design, the communication unit 1003 is further configured to send a sixth message, the sixth message being used to request the second transmission parameters from the first core network element; and the communication unit 1003 is further configured to receive a seventh message from the first core network element, the seventh message being used to indicate the second transmission parameters.

[0231] In another possible design, the communication unit 1003 is further configured to send an eighth message to the second core network element, the eighth message being used to request the collection of the second transmission parameters; and the communication unit 1003 is further configured to receive a ninth message from the second core network element, the ninth message being used to indicate confirmation of the eighth message.

[0232] In another possible design, the second transmission parameter includes the following parameters: delay, packet loss rate, transmission rate, timestamp of the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) message, total number of RTP packets, total number of RTP packet bytes, packet loss rate between two adjacent RR messages, jitter between two input time intervals, timestamp of the previous SR message, and delay since the previous SR message.

[0233] In another possible design, the communication unit 1003 is also used to send first information based on a first period, the first period being N times the second period corresponding to the first data, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0234] In another possible design, the transmission control information is also used to indicate the transmission rate of the first data.

[0235] The communication device 1000 can be a terminal-side device as described in the above embodiments, such as a terminal or a communication module in a terminal, or a circuit or chip in a terminal that is responsible for communication functions.

[0236] For example, in one embodiment, the communication unit 1003 is used to receive third information, the third information being used to indicate transmission control information for first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on first transmission parameters and an AI model, the transmission control information being used to indicate time information for submitting the first data to the application layer; and the processing unit 1002 is used to submit the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

[0237] In one possible design, when the communication device 1000 is a terminal or a communication module within a terminal, the function of the processing unit 1002 can be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) chip or a SIP chip containing a modem core. The function of the communication unit 1003 can be implemented by transceiver circuitry.

[0238] In one possible design, when the communication device 1000 is a circuit or chip in a terminal responsible for communication functions, such as a modem chip or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a modem core, the function of the processing unit 1002 can be implemented by a circuit system in the aforementioned chip that includes one or more processors or processor cores. The function of the communication unit 1003 can be implemented by the interface circuitry or data transceiver circuitry on the aforementioned chip.

[0239] In one possible design, when the communication device 1000 is a terminal or a processing module within a terminal, the functionality of the processing unit 1002 can be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a GPU, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a GPU. The functionality of the communication unit 1003 can be implemented by transceiver circuitry.

[0240] In one possible design, when the communication device 1000 is a circuit or chip in a terminal responsible for processing functions, such as a GPU or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a GPU, the function of the processing unit 1002 can be implemented by a circuit system in the aforementioned chip that includes one or more processors or processor cores. The function of the communication unit 1003 can be implemented by interface circuits or data transceiver circuits on the aforementioned chip.

[0241] The communication device 1000 can be a network-side device in the above embodiments, such as a user plane network element or a communication module in a user plane network element, or a circuit or chip in a user plane network element that is responsible for communication functions.

[0242] The communication unit 1003 is configured to receive first information, which is used to request first transmission parameters; and the communication unit 1003 is also configured to send second information, which is used to indicate the first transmission parameters. The first transmission parameters are used to determine transmission control information, which is also associated with an AI model and is used to indicate the time information for submitting first data to the application layer.

[0243] In one possible design, the first transmission parameters include the following parameters: delay, packet loss rate, transmission rate, timestamp of the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) message, total number of RTP packets, total number of RTP packet bytes, packet loss rate between two adjacent RR messages, jitter between two input time intervals, timestamp of the previous SR message, and delay since the previous SR message.

[0244] In another possible design, the communication unit 1003 is further configured to receive a sixth message, the sixth message being used to request the second transmission parameters; and the communication unit 1003 is further configured to send a seventh message, the seventh message being used to indicate the second transmission parameters; wherein the second transmission parameters are used to train the AI ​​model.

[0245] In another possible design, the second transmission parameter includes the following parameters: delay, packet loss rate, transmission rate, timestamp of the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) message, total number of RTP packets, total number of RTP packet bytes, packet loss rate between two adjacent RR messages, jitter between two input time intervals, timestamp of the previous SR message, and delay since the previous SR message.

[0246] It is understood that the division of units in the above-described device is merely a logical functional division. One function can correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions can be integrated into one functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some units can be integrated onto a single physical entity, or distributed across different physical entities. Furthermore, the aforementioned functional units can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. Whether a function is executed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0247] In one example, the functional unit in any of the above devices may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods, such as: one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more microcontroller units (MCUs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.

[0248] In one example, storage unit 1001 may include random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory and / or registers, etc.

[0249] See Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal 1100 provided in an embodiment of this application. The terminal 1100 can correspond to... Figure 7 or Figure 8 The terminal shown is used to implement the operations of the terminal in the above embodiments. Figure 11 As shown, the terminal includes: one or more antennas 1110, a radio frequency processing system 1120, and a processor system 1130.

[0250] In the downlink or sidelink direction, the RF processing system 1120 receives RF signals through the antenna 1110 and sends the RF-processed signals to the processor system 1130 for further processing. In the uplink or sidelink direction, the processor system 1130 processes the terminal-side information and sends it to the RF processing system 1120, which then processes the signal and transmits it through the antenna 1110.

[0251] In one example, the radio frequency processing system 1120 serves as the communication interface for external communication of the terminal and may include a radio frequency front-end 1121.

[0252] The RF frontend (RFFE) and RF transceiver 1122 are used for one or more of the following processing operations: shaping, passband selection, or gain adjustment of the RF signal received by the antenna or the RF signal to be transmitted through the antenna. The RFFE 1121 may include one or more components such as RF switches, duplexers, filters, power amplifiers, antenna tuners, and low-noise amplifiers. The RFFE 1121 can be a circuit system composed of multiple discrete components or integrated into one or more chips. The RF transceiver 1122 processes the RF signal received by the RFFE into a baseband / IF signal for further processing by the processor system 1130, and processes the baseband / IF signal provided by the processor system 1130 into an RF signal for transmission to the RFFE 1121. The baseband / IF signal transmitted between the RF transceiver 1122 and the processor system 1130 can be a digital signal or an analog signal. The RF transceiver 1122 can be implemented by one or more chips, which are typically referred to as radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs).

[0253] In one example, processor system 1130 may include one or more processors for processing signals and executing one or more communication protocols. Optionally, processor system 1130 may also include memory 1136. In one example, the one or more processors include at least one baseband processor 1131 (also known as a modem processor). Memory 1136 is used to store data and / or computer program instructions. Optionally, processor system 1130 may also include one or more application processors 1132 for implementing processing of the terminal operating system and application layer. Application processor 1132 may include, for example, a GPU. Optionally, processor system 1130 may also include one or more of a voice subsystem 1133, a multimedia subsystem 1134, or an interface circuit 1135. The voice subsystem 1133 is used to process voice signals, the multimedia subsystem 1134 is used to handle multimedia-related operations, such as video encoding / decoding, image processing, etc., and the interface circuit 1135 is used to implement communication with other terminal components, such as a display 1140, an input device 1150, memory 1160, etc. The aforementioned components in the processor system 1130 can communicate with each other via a bus or communication interface circuit.

[0254] In one example, processor system 1130 can be packaged as a single processor chip, such as a SoC chip or a SIP chip. In another example, processor system 1130 can be a system of multiple chips, for example, the baseband processor 1131 can be packaged as a single chip, or packaged with part or all of the circuitry of the radio frequency processing system into a single chip.

[0255] In one example, memory 1136 can be on-chip memory, i.e., located on the processor system 1130 chip. In another example, memory 1160 can be off-chip memory, i.e. located outside the processor system 1130 chip.

[0256] In one example, the baseband processor 1131 may include one or more processor cores 11311 and interface circuitry 11314. The one or more processor cores 11311 are used to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. Optionally, the baseband processor 1131 may also include a memory 11312 for storing at least a portion of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In one example, the one or more processor cores 11311 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 11312 to perform the relevant operations in the above method embodiments (such as controlling one or more antennas 1110 to receive third information, the third information indicating transmission control information for first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on first transmission parameters and an AI model, the transmission control information indicating time information for submitting the first data to the application layer; and submitting the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information). In this disclosure, memory 11312 is used to store corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. This can mean that memory 11312 stores all corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by processor core 11311; or it can mean that memory 11312 stores a portion of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data, including the computer program instructions and / or data currently required to be executed by processor core 11311. Memory 11312 can store different portions of computer program instructions and / or data multiple times for execution by processor core 11311 to implement the relevant operations in the above method embodiments. Interface circuit 11314 serves as a communication interface for communication with other components, such as transmitting signals with radio frequency processing system 1120, communicating with other subsystems and related components of processor system 1130 via a bus, such as transmitting data control signals with application processor 1132, and transmitting data or computer program instructions with memory 1136 or memory 1160. Optionally, in order to reduce the load on the processor core, a baseband signal processing circuit 11313 can be set to perform at least some baseband signal processing, including one or more of signal demodulation, modulation, encoding or decoding.

[0257] In one example, the communication device provided in this application may be a terminal 1100, a communication module including a processor system 1130 and a radio frequency processing system 1120, or a baseband processor 1131.

[0258] The processor, processor system, application processor, baseband processor, processor circuit, or processor core mentioned above can be collectively referred to as a processor. The processor may include one or more of the following: central processing unit (CPU), digital signal processor (DSP), microprocessor unit (MPU), microcontroller unit (MCU), graphics processing unit (GPU), field programmable gate array (FPGA), artificial intelligence processor (AI processor), or neural processing unit (NPU).

[0259] The aforementioned memory may include one or more of the following storage media: random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), phase-change memory (PCM), resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), cache, register, read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), hard disk, etc. In one example, computer program instructions for executing the above embodiments may be stored on non-volatile memory, such as at least a portion of the aforementioned memory 1160 (e.g., one or more of ROM, flash memory, EPROM, or hard disk). When the terminal is running, the corresponding computer program instructions may be partially or wholly loaded onto a memory with a faster transfer speed than the processor, such as at least a portion of memory 1136 and / or memory 11312 (e.g., one or more of RAM, SRAM, DRAM, PCM, RERAM, MRAM, FRAM, cache, or register), for the processor to execute in order to implement the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0260] In one example, the RF transceiver 1122 and the RF front-end 1121 can also be packaged in a single chip. In another example, the RF transceiver 1122, the RF front-end 1121, and the baseband processor 1131 can also be packaged in a single chip.

[0261] The terms "system" and "network" in this application embodiment are used interchangeably. "At least one" refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC; "at least one of A, B, and C" can also be understood as including A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" mentioned in this application embodiment are used to distinguish multiple objects and are not used to limit the order, sequence, priority, or importance of multiple objects.

[0262] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0263] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to this application. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0264] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0265] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0266] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A transmission control method characterized by comprising: The method comprises: sending first information, the first information being used for requesting a first transmission parameter from a first core network element; receiving second information from the first core network element, the second information being used for indicating the first transmission parameter; sending third information to a terminal, the third information being used for indicating transmission control information of first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on the first transmission parameter and an artificial intelligence (AI) model, the transmission control information being used for indicating time information of submitting the first data to an application layer.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first transmission parameter comprises one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data volume carried by data packets, a packet loss rate, an arrival interval jitter, and a delay.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The method further comprises: sending fourth information to a second core network element, the fourth information being used for requesting collection of the first transmission parameter; receiving fifth information from the second core network element, the fifth information being used for indicating confirmation of the fourth information.

4. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The method further comprises: obtaining a second transmission parameter; training the AI model based on the second transmission parameter.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The method further comprises: sending sixth information, the sixth information being used for requesting the second transmission parameter from the first core network element; The obtaining of the second transmission parameter comprises: receiving seventh information from the first core network element, the seventh information being used for indicating the second transmission parameter.

6. The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein, The method further comprises: sending eighth information to a second core network element, the eighth information being used for requesting collection of the second transmission parameter; receiving ninth information from the second core network element, the ninth information being used for indicating confirmation of the eighth information.

7. The method of any one of claims 4-6, wherein, The second transmission parameter comprises one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data volume carried by data packets, a packet loss rate, an arrival interval jitter, and a delay.

8. A transmission control method characterized by comprising: The method comprises: receiving third information, the third information being used for indicating transmission control information of first data, the transmission control information being obtained based on a first transmission parameter and an artificial intelligence (AI) model, the transmission control information being used for indicating time information of submitting the first data to an application layer; submitting the first data to the application layer based on the transmission control information.

9. A transmission control method characterized by, The method comprises: receiving first information, the first information being used for requesting a first transmission parameter; sending second information, the second information being used for indicating the first transmission parameter, the first transmission parameter being used for determination of transmission control information, the transmission control information also being associated with an artificial intelligence (AI) model, the transmission control information being used for indicating time information of submitting first data to an application layer.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The first transmission parameter comprises one or more of the following parameters: a transmission rate, a sending timestamp of a packet, a number of data packets, a data volume carried by data packets, a packet loss rate, an arrival interval jitter, and a delay.

11. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein, The method further comprises: receiving sixth information, the sixth information being used for requesting a second transmission parameter; sending seventh information, the seventh information being used for indicating the second transmission parameter; The second transmission parameter is used for training the AI model.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, The second transmission parameter comprises one or more of the following parameters: transmission rate, sending time stamp of the packet, number of data packets, data amount carried by the data packets, packet loss rate, arrival interval jitter, and time delay.

13. A communications device, characterized by The method comprises the following steps: receiving the first transmission parameter and the second transmission parameter; and training the AI model according to the first transmission parameter and the second transmission parameter.

14. A communications device, characterized by The method comprises the following steps: receiving the first transmission parameter and the second transmission parameter; and training the AI model according to the first transmission parameter and the second transmission parameter.

15. A communications device, characterized by The method comprises the following steps: receiving the first transmission parameter and the second transmission parameter; and training the AI model according to the first transmission parameter and the second transmission parameter.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium stores instructions, when the instructions are executed, causing the method of any one of claims 1-7 to be executed, or causing the method of claim 8 to be executed, or causing the method of any one of claims 9-12 to be executed.

17. A computer program product, characterised in that, The computer readable storage medium stores instructions, when the instructions are executed, causing the method of any one of claims 1-7 to be executed, or causing the method of claim 8 to be executed, or causing the method of any one of claims 9-12 to be executed.

Images