Method and apparatus for enhancing quality of wi-fi voice call in wireless communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. A method and apparatus for enhancing the quality of a Wi-Fi voice (VoWi-Fi) call in an electronic device (300) is disclosed herein. The method includes detecting, using an evolved packet data gateway (ePDG) interface, voice communications on a first wireless local area network (WLAN) among a plurality of WLANs associated with a node of a network. The method also includes determining one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the plurality of ePDG interface tunnels. The method further includes, upon detecting a change in the determined one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters, establishing a voice communication using a second WLAN among the plurality of WLANs to enhance quality of the VoWi-Fi call.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of telecommunications, and for example to a method for enhancing the quality of Wi-Fi Voice (VoWi-Fi) calls in electronic devices. Background Technology

[0002] 5G mobile communication technology defines a wide frequency band, enabling high transmission rates and new services. It can be implemented not only in the "sub-6GHz" band, such as 3.5GHz, but also in the "above 6GHz" band, known as millimeter waves, including 28GHz and 39GHz. Furthermore, 6G mobile communication technology (referred to as "super 5G systems") is being considered in terahertz bands (e.g., the 95GHz to 3THz band) to achieve transmission rates 50 times faster and ultra-low latency 10 times lower than 5G mobile communication technology.

[0003] When 5G mobile communication technology was first developed, in order to support services and meet performance requirements related to enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC), the following have been standardized: beamforming and massive MIMO for mitigating radio wave path loss and increasing radio wave transmission distance in millimeter waves; parameter sets supporting dynamic operation for efficient utilization of millimeter wave resources and time slot formats (e.g., operating multiple subcarrier spacings); initial access technologies for supporting multi-beam transmission and broadband; definition and operation of BWP (bandwidth portion); new channel coding methods such as LDPC (low-density parity-check) codes for large data transmissions and polar codes for highly reliable transmission of control information; L2 preprocessing; and network slicing for providing dedicated networks for specific services.

[0004] Currently, given the services that 5G mobile communication technology will support, discussions are underway regarding improvements and performance enhancements to the initial 5G mobile communication technology, and physical layer standardization already exists for the following technologies: such as V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) for assisting autonomous vehicle driving determination based on information sent by the vehicle about its location and status and for enhancing user convenience; NR-U (New Radio Unlicensed) aimed at system operation in compliance with various regulatory requirements in unlicensed frequency bands; NR UE power saving; and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) for direct satellite communication between UEs to provide coverage and positioning in areas where communication with terrestrial networks is unavailable.

[0005] Furthermore, standardization has been ongoing in air interface architecture / protocols for technologies such as: Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to support new services through interoperability and convergence with other industries; IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) for nodes to provide network service area extension by supporting wireless backhaul and access links in an integrated manner; mobility enhancements including conditional handover and DAPS (Dual Active Stack) handover; and two-step random access (two-step RACH for NR) to simplify the random access process. Standardization has also been ongoing in system architecture / services for: 5G baseline architectures (e.g., service-based architectures or service-based interfaces) for combining Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technologies; and mobile edge computing (MEC) for UE location-based reception services.

[0006] With the commercialization of 5G mobile communication systems, the number of connected devices will increase exponentially, necessitating enhanced functionality and performance of 5G mobile communication systems and integrated operation of connected devices. To this end, new research has been organized in conjunction with: Extended Reality (XR) for effectively supporting AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), MR (Mixed Reality), etc.; improving 5G performance and reducing complexity by leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML); AI service support; Metaverse service support; and drone communication.

[0007] Furthermore, this development of 5G mobile communication systems will not only lay the foundation for the development of technologies such as new waveforms for providing coverage in the terahertz band of 6G mobile communication technology, including multi-antenna transmission technologies such as full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and massive MIMO; metamaterial-based lenses and antennas for improving the coverage of terahertz band signals; high-dimensional spatial multiplexing technologies using OAM (orbital angular momentum); and RIS (reconfigurable smart surfaces); but also for the development of technologies such as full-duplex technologies for improving the frequency efficiency of 6G mobile communication technology and improving system networks; AI-based communication technologies for system optimization by leveraging satellites and AI (artificial intelligence) from the design stage and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions; and next-generation distributed computing technologies for providing services at complexity levels exceeding the limitations of UE operational capabilities by utilizing ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Solution to the problem According to an example embodiment of this disclosure, a method for enhancing the quality of Wi-Fi Voice (VoWi-Fi) calls in an electronic device is disclosed. The method includes detecting voice communication on a first WLAN among a plurality of wireless local area networks (WLANs) associated with a node of a network using an evolved packet data gateway (ePDG) interface. The method further includes determining one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the plurality of ePDG interface tunnels. The method also includes: upon detecting a change in the determined one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters, establishing voice communication using a second WLAN among the plurality of WLANs to enhance the quality of the VoWi-Fi call.

[0009] According to an example embodiment of this disclosure, an electronic device for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls is disclosed. The electronic device includes: at least one processor, a communicator including communication circuitry, and a memory. The at least one processor includes a VoWi-Fi service module. The VoWi-Fi service module is configured to use an evolved packet data gateway (ePDG) interface to detect voice communication on a first WLAN among a plurality of wireless local area networks (WLANs) associated with a node of a network. The VoWi-Fi service module is also configured to determine one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the plurality of ePDG interface tunnels. The VoWi-Fi service module is further configured to, upon detecting a change in the determined one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters, establish voice communication using a second WLAN among the plurality of WLANs to enhance the quality of the VoWi-Fi call.

[0010] To further clarify this disclosure, a more specific description of various exemplary embodiments will be presented by reference to exemplary embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these drawings depict exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and should not be considered as limiting its scope. This disclosure will be described and explained in the accompanying drawings with additional features and details. Attached Figure Description

[0011] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which the same characters throughout the drawings represent the same parts, and in the drawings: Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating a traditional Wi-Fi Voice (VoWi-Fi) calling system.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the problems associated with conventional VoWi-Fi calling systems used to establish VoWi-Fi calls.

[0013] Figure 3This is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of a system environment for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls according to various embodiments.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example network configuration of an electronic device including one or more modules for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls, according to various embodiments.

[0015] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of an electronic device for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls according to various embodiments.

[0016] Figure 6A and Figure 6B This is a flowchart illustrating example methods for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls according to various embodiments.

[0017] Figure 7A and Figure 7B This is a signal flow diagram illustrating example methods for migrating voice communication from a first WLAN to a second WLAN according to various embodiments.

[0018] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating example methods for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls according to various embodiments.

[0019] Figure 9A , Figure 9B and Figure 9C This is a diagram illustrating an example scenario of seamless voice communication where a user of an electronic device, according to various embodiments, moves around the house while making a VoWi-Fi call.

[0020] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the elements in the accompanying drawings are shown for simplicity and may not necessarily be drawn to scale. For example, flowcharts illustrate example methods that help to improve understanding of various aspects of this disclosure. Additionally, with regard to the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented by conventional symbols in the drawings, and the drawings may illustrate various details relevant to understanding exemplary embodiments of this disclosure so as not to obscure the drawings due to details readily understood by those skilled in the art who benefit from the description herein. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWi-Fi) calling can refer to technologies that allow users to make and receive phone calls via a wireless internet connection (typically through Wi-Fi networks such as 2.4GHz, 5GHz, etc.). VoWi-Fi calling technology does not rely entirely on typical cellular networks (e.g., fourth-generation (4G) cellular networks, fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks, etc.), but instead uses Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) to transmit voice data packets over the internet. VoWi-Fi calling offers many advantages, such as lower costs compared to traditional cellular networks (e.g., expensive roaming fees, international call rates, etc.), switching between Wi-Fi and traditional cellular networks when the user moves out of Wi-Fi range, and switching calls from Wi-Fi to traditional cellular networks.

[0022] While VoWi-Fi calling offers many advantages, it also has some drawbacks. One such drawback is... Figure 1 The deterioration in call quality in a conventional VoWi-Fi calling system is shown, as discussed later in the manual. VoWi-Fi calls are highly dependent on the quality and stability of the Wi-Fi network. VoWi-Fi call quality can deteriorate due to insufficient bandwidth, network congestion, or weak Wi-Fi connections, resulting in voice distortion, latency, and audio loss. Furthermore, VoWi-Fi is affected by interference from other devices and excessive network traffic, which reduces the user experience. Another drawback is... Figure 2 The dropped call shown in the example of a traditional VoWi-Fi calling system can occur for various reasons, such as a weak Wi-Fi signal, network instability, or compatibility issues with a specific Wi-Fi network or user device. This can lead to a poor user experience. Additionally, another drawback of VoWi-Fi calling is... Figure 2 The diagram illustrates latency and jitter in a conventional VoWi-Fi calling system. Jitter can occur due to various reasons, such as weak Wi-Fi signals, network instability, network congestion, and signal interference. High latency causes visible pauses between spoken words (call muting), thus impairing real-time communication, and jitter involves differences in packet arrival timing that result in irregular voice quality.

[0023] Furthermore, each time a user device (e.g., a smartphone) connects to a Wi-Fi network, a new IMS registration process is required to re-establish the Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) tunnel for call registration and re-establishment. This approach requires additional time and additional signal processing, which is undesirable.

[0024] In one example, a user might have a dual-band Wi-Fi network (e.g., 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) and be walking around the house while making a VoWi-Fi call. Due to the user's continuous movement, the quality of the VoWi-Fi call deteriorates as they move between traditional cellular networks and Wi-Fi networks and / or between Wi-Fi channels, because some traditional VoWi-Fi calling systems only use specified parameters (e.g., RSSI). In another example, if the user's device moves out of Wi-Fi range, the device might automatically fall back to a typical cellular network even if call quality doesn't deteriorate. This is because the Wi-Fi RSSI range does not meet the required standard. If the user's device is within Wi-Fi range, the call will be routed through the VoWi-Fi service on any open Wi-Fi channel. This is because the Wi-Fi RSSI range meets the required standard.

[0025] Therefore, it is beneficial to address the aforementioned shortcomings or other deficiencies, or at least to improve the quality of VoWi-Fi calls.

[0026] To facilitate an understanding of the principles of this disclosure, reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, and these embodiments will be described using specific language. However, it should be understood that this is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure, and such changes and further modifications to the illustrated systems, as well as further applications of the principles of the disclosure shown therein, will commonly occur to those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0027] Those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are for the purpose of interpreting this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0028] Throughout this disclosure, references to “aspect,” “on the other hand,” or similar language can refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described, for example, in connection with an embodiment included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Therefore, throughout this disclosure, the phrases “in an embodiment,” “in one embodiment,” “in another embodiment,” and similar language may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

[0029] The terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a series of operations includes not only those operations but may also include other operations not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, without further constraints, one or more devices, subsystems, elements, structures, or components beginning with “comprising” do not exclude the presence of other devices or subsystems or elements or structures or components, or additional devices or subsystems or elements or structures or components.

[0030] Various exemplary embodiments herein, along with their various features and advantageous details, are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in detail below. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the embodiments herein. The various exemplary embodiments described herein are not necessarily mutually exclusive, as various embodiments can be combined with one or more other embodiments to form new embodiments. As used herein, the term "or" means non-exclusive or unless otherwise stated. The examples used herein are intended only to facilitate an understanding of how the embodiments herein can be practiced and to further enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Therefore, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.

[0031] Embodiments can be described and illustrated according to blocks that perform one or more described functions. These blocks (which may be referred to herein as units or modules, etc.) are physically implemented by analog or digital circuitry (such as logic gates, integrated circuits, microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory circuits, passive electronic components, active electronic components, optical components, hardwired circuitry, etc.) and may optionally be driven by firmware and software. The circuitry may, for example, be presented in one or more semiconductor chips or on a substrate support such as a printed circuit board. The circuitry of a block may be implemented by dedicated hardware, or by a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry), or by a combination of dedicated hardware for performing some functions of the block and a processor for performing other functions of the block. Without departing from the scope of this disclosure, each block of an embodiment may be physically divided into two or more interactive and discrete blocks. Similarly, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, the blocks of an embodiment may be physically combined into more complex blocks.

[0032] The accompanying drawings are provided to aid in the easy understanding of the various technical features, and it should be understood that the embodiments presented herein are not limited to the drawings. Therefore, this disclosure should be construed as extending to any changes, equivalents, and substitutions other than those specifically set forth in the drawings. Although the terms first, second, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are generally used only to distinguish one element from another.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating a traditional Wi-Fi Voice (VoWi-Fi) calling system.

[0034] Traditional VoWi-Fi calling systems include one or more modules for establishing VoWi-Fi calls for users of electronic devices (e.g., User Equipment (UE) 10). These modules include a Serving Gateway (SGW) module, a PDN Gateway (PDW) module, a Gigabit VAS (Gi-VAS) module, an evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) module, a Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) module, a 3GPP Authentication, Authorization and Charging (AAA) module, a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) module, an Internet module, and an In-Service IP Service (IMS) module. These modules are configured to work together to ensure a seamless and secure connection for users making VoLTE or VoWi-Fi calls, regardless of whether they access the network through a trusted 3GPP access point or an untrusted non-3GPP access point. One or more modules are configured to handle different interfaces (e.g., S1-u, Swu, S5, S2b, Swm, Swx, Sgi, Gx, etc.) to implement the necessary functions for accessing the Internet and carrier IP services, and to ensure appropriate policy control, authentication, and authorization.

[0035] The SGW module is configured to act as an anchor point for user data during VoLTE calls via trusted 3GPP access or VoWi-Fi calls via untrusted non-3GPP access. The SGW module is configured to manage user data sessions, thereby ensuring proper routing and forwarding of packets between electronic device 10 and external networks or modules. Additionally, the SGW module is configured to connect to electronic device 10 using the S1-U interface. The PGW module is configured to manage user connections to external networks (such as the Internet and carrier IP services) during VoLTE or VoWi-Fi calls. The PGW module is configured to perform tasks such as IP address allocation, policy enforcement, and Quality of Service (QoS) management. Furthermore, the PGW module is configured to connect to external networks (e.g., IMS modules) and PCRF modules using interfaces such as Ss, Gx, and Rx. The PGW module is configured to communicate with gigabit VAS modules using the Sgi interface, which facilitates the exchange of information, signaling, and data between the gigabit VAS platform and associated network components (e.g., Internet modules and IMS modules).

[0036] The ePDG module is configured to enable the establishment of secure connections for VoWi-Fi calls on untrusted non-3GPP access networks. The ePDG module is configured to perform tasks such as authentication, encryption, and tunneling mechanisms to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of VoWi-Fi services. Additionally, the ePDG module is configured to connect to Electronic Device 10 and an authentication server (e.g., a 3GPP AAA module) using interfaces such as Swm and Swu. The PCRF module is configured to manage policy and charging controls during VoLTE or VoWi-Fi calls. The PCRF module is configured to determine and enforce policies related to Quality of Service (QoS), charging, and resource allocation based on network conditions and user profiles. Furthermore, the PCRF module is configured to exchange policy and charging information with the IMS module using the Rx interface.

[0037] The Internet module is configured to act as a gateway to the Internet, enabling access to a wide range of online resources and services. It also provides connectivity to external servers, databases, and applications that support value-added services during VoWi-Fi calls. The IMS module is configured to manage IP-based communication services within the VoWi-Fi network. The 3GPP AAA server provides authentication and authorization services for VoLTE or VoWi-Fi calls. It is configured to verify user identity, authorize access to network resources, and maintain billing records. Furthermore, the 3GPP AAA server is configured to communicate with the HSS module using the Swx interface. The HSS module is configured to store and manage user-related information, including user profiles, authentication credentials, and service subscriptions. The HSS module plays a crucial role in authenticating and authorizing users during VoLTE or VoWi-Fi calls.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating problems associated with a conventional VoWi-Fi calling system 200 used to establish VoWi-Fi calls. The conventional VoWi-Fi calling system 200 includes, for example, an electronic device 10, a Wi-Fi router 20, and a carrier network 30.

[0039] In step 21, electronic device 10 establishes a connection with Wi-Fi router 20 to initiate a VoWi-Fi call. In step 22, electronic device 10 sends an IKE_AUTH_REQUEST to the ePDG server of operator network 30. After receiving the IKE_AUTH_REQUEST from electronic device 10, the ePDG server of operator network 30 sends an IKE_AUTH_RESPONSE to electronic device 10. In other words, an ePDG tunnel is established between electronic device 10 and the ePDG server to provide security when connecting through an untrusted Wi-Fi network, and the VoWi-Fi call is initiated through the ePDG tunnel. In steps 23 and 24, electronic device 10 detects that the VoWi-Fi call has been muted or that Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) packet loss has occurred. This can occur for various reasons, such as weak Wi-Fi signal, network instability, network congestion, signal interference, compatibility issues with specific Wi-Fi networks or devices, etc. In steps 25 and 26, when it is detected that the VoWi-Fi call has been muted or that RTP packet loss has occurred, the electronic device 10 uses its Radio Interface Layer (RIL) to monitor the LTE / NR signal. The electronic device 10 determines one or more parameters (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) associated with the LTE / NR signal.

[0040] In step 27, electronic device 10 determines whether one or more parameters associated with the LTE / NR signal are greater than one or more parameters associated with the Wi-Fi router 20. In response to determining that one or more parameters associated with the Wi-Fi router 20 are greater than one or more parameters associated with the LTE / NR signal, electronic device 10 identifies a dropped call associated with the established VoWi-Fi call, as shown in step 37, which is undesirable. In steps 28, 29, 30A, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36, electronic device 10 performs one or more steps to reside on the cellular network (e.g., the LTE / NR network) associated with operator network 30 by responding to determining that one or more parameters associated with the LTE / NR signal are greater than one or more parameters associated with the Wi-Fi router 20. The one or more steps include: sending an IPC network registration request 28, sending a RAT LTE signal 29, establishing a PDN connection 30 / 31 with a cellular network (e.g., LTE, NR, etc.), transmitting IPC network data 32 from the ePDG entity of the electronic device 10 to the RIL entity of the electronic device 10, updating the PDN 33 by the RIL entity of the electronic device 10, sending the updated PDN 34 from the RIL entity of the electronic device 10 to the IMS entity of the electronic device 10, transmitting IPC network data 35 from the RIL entity of the electronic device 10 to the ePDG entity of the electronic device 10, and sending an APN separation request to the ePDG server.

[0041] In a conventional VoWi-Fi calling system 200, the one or more steps may increase signaling and processing between multiple entities (e.g., UE 10, operator network 30) to switch VoWi-Fi calls, which is undesirable. Furthermore, switching between cellular networks and VoWi-Fi networks (e.g., 2.4GHz or 5GHz networks) (and vice versa) causes a deterioration in VoWi-Fi call quality, and there is no seamless handover between Wi-Fi channels based on ePDG call quality parameters (e.g., DPD, RTP packet loss, etc.).

[0042] To address these challenges, the disclosed methods provide unique strategies for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls, as referenced below. Figures 3 to 9C A more detailed description.

[0043] Now refer to the attached diagram, and more specifically to... Figures 3 to 9C The reference numerals throughout the figures refer to equivalent aspects, illustrating various exemplary embodiments.

[0044] Figure 3This is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of a system environment for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls according to various embodiments. The system includes a UE 300, a WLAN network 400, and a carrier network 500.

[0045] Electronic device 300 is configured to establish connections to WLAN network 400 and carrier network 500 via various network services (e.g., untrusted network 400a, trusted network 400b, cellular network, etc.). WLAN network 400 includes untrusted network 400a and trusted network 400b. Untrusted network 400a is publicly accessible and insecure. Untrusted network 400a is configured to provide wireless connectivity to electronic device 300 and route traffic between electronic device 300 and other network elements (e.g., ePDG). However, untrusted network 400a does not provide any inherent security features, making it vulnerable to potential security threats. Trusted network 400b is secure compared to untrusted network 400a. Trusted network 400b is configured to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data transmitted through it. Trusted network 400b employs various security mechanisms (such as encryption and authentication) to protect sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access.

[0046] The operator network 500 includes an evolved packet data gateway (ePDG) server 500a, a trusted wireless access gateway (TWAG) server 500b, a packet data network gateway (PGW) server 500c, and a service gateway (SGW) server 500d. Each server can perform various functions to establish VoWi-Fi calls with the electronic device 300, as detailed below.

[0047] a. The ePDG server 500a acts as an interface between the WLAN network 400 and the carrier network 500. The ePDG server 500a is configured as an authentication and authorization electronic device 300, establishing a secure tunnel for data transmission and facilitating seamless switching between different network types.

[0048] b. TWAG server 500b is used to securely connect electronic device 300 to carrier network 500. TWAG server 500b is configured to manage user traffic, enforce Quality of Service (QoS) policies, and provide secure access to various network services.

[0049] c. The PGW server 500c acts as a gateway between the carrier network 500 and external networks (such as the Internet). The PGW server 500c is configured to route data packets, assign IP addresses, implement Network Address Translation (NAT), and enforce policies for data traffic management.

[0050] d. The SGW server 500d is configured to handle the routing and forwarding of data packets within the carrier network 500. The SGW server 500d is also configured to manage the mobility and session management of electronic devices 300, ensure efficient data transmission, and optimize network performance.

[0051] In various embodiments, electronic device 300 includes a network monitoring module 341, a WLAN monitoring module 342, and an ePDG monitoring module 343. Each of these modules may include various circuits and / or executable program instructions. Figure 9A , Figure 9B and Figure 9C As shown, electronic device 300 can utilize these modules to enhance the quality of VoWi-Fi calls.

[0052] In various embodiments, network monitoring module 341 may be configured to monitor one or more Radio Access Technology (RAT) parameters associated with a cellular network or RAT node (e.g., LTE, 5G / NR). Examples of one or more RAT parameters may include, but are not limited to, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ). Network monitoring module 341 is also configured to determine an RAT score based on one or more RAT parameters by utilizing one or more modules associated with network monitoring module 341, as referred to below. Figure 5 A more detailed description.

[0053] In various embodiments, the WLAN monitoring module 342 is configured to monitor one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters associated with multiple WLANs (e.g., a first WLAN such as 2.4 GHz, a second WLAN such as 5 GHz, etc.) of a node (e.g., a router) associated with the network. Examples of the one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters may include, but are not limited to, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) packet loss. These parameters are needed to determine whether ePDG is available on the WLAN channel. The WLAN monitoring module 342 is also configured to determine the WLAN score of each of the multiple WLANs based on the corresponding one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters by utilizing one or more modules associated with the WLAN monitoring module 342, as referred to below. Figure 5 A more detailed description.

[0054] In various embodiments, the ePDG monitoring module 343 is configured to monitor and evaluate the quality of VoWi-Fi calls by analyzing one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with multiple ePDG interface tunnels. Examples of one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters may include, but are not limited to, RSSI, RTP packet loss, Dead Peer Detection (DPD) timer expiration, and motion associated with the electronic device 300. The ePDG monitoring module 343 is also configured to migrate VoWi-Fi calls (voice communication) based on one or more conditions as described below, as referenced below. Figure 5 A more detailed description.

[0055] a. Monitor one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters during a VoWi-Fi call to identify any changes in the one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters based on a predetermined threshold ePDG interface.

[0056] b. Determine one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters for the Wi-Fi channel used for VoWi-Fi calls.

[0057] c. If one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters fall within a predetermined threshold for the ePDG interface, then switch the ePDG interface via the channel.

[0058] d. If one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters do not fall within the predetermined threshold ePDG interface, the VoWi-Fi call is transferred to the cellular network.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example network configuration of an electronic device 300, including one or more modules for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls, according to various embodiments. Conventional architectures involve several layers for establishing VoWi-Fi calls, such as an application layer 401, an architecture layer 402, a library layer 403, and a Linux kernel layer 404. Each layer has different functions for establishing VoWi-Fi calls, as listed below.

[0060] Application layer 401 may include multiple applications running on electronic device 300. These applications can utilize the functionality provided by the lower layer to perform various tasks, including making VoWi-Fi calls. For example, a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) application on electronic device 300 can use a lower layer to establish and manage VoWi-Fi calls. Architecture layer 402 can provide higher-level functionality and application programming interfaces (APIs) for these applications. Architecture layer 402 may include, for example, two main architectures related to VoWi-Fi calling, as listed below.

[0061] a. WLAN Architecture: The WLAN architecture is configured to handle the interaction between Wi-Fi capabilities and multiple applications of electronic device 300. Additionally, the WLAN architecture is configured to manage Wi-Fi connections, scan for available networks, and provide necessary interfaces for multiple applications to initiate VoWi-Fi calls. In various embodiments, the WLAN architecture includes a WLAN monitoring module 342. The WLAN monitoring module 342 is configured to monitor one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters associated with multiple WLANs connected to the node. These parameters are needed to determine whether the ePDG is available on the WLAN channel. The WLAN monitoring module 342 is also configured to determine the WLAN score of each of the multiple WLANs based on the corresponding one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters using one or more modules associated with the WLAN monitoring module 342, as referenced below. Figure 5 A more detailed description.

[0062] b. IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Architecture: The IMS architecture is configured to handle multimedia services over IP networks, including VoIP calls. Furthermore, the IMS architecture is configured to provide the necessary interfaces and protocols for establishing and managing VoWi-Fi calls using IMS technology. In various embodiments, the IMS architecture includes an ePDG monitoring module 343. The ePDG monitoring module 343 is configured to monitor and evaluate the quality of VoWi-Fi calls by analyzing one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with multiple ePDG interface tunnels. The ePDG monitoring module 343 is also configured to migrate VoWi-Fi calls (voice communication) based on one or more conditions (e.g., a predetermined threshold ePDG interface), as referenced below. Figure 5 A more detailed description.

[0063] Library layer 403 may include key software libraries that support the functionality of the upper layers. In the VoWi-Fi scenario, two important libraries are listed below.

[0064] a. Wi-Fi Requester: The Wi-Fi Requester library can interact with Wi-Fi drivers and handle low-level Wi-Fi functions such as connecting to Wi-Fi networks, authentication, and encryption. Wi-Fi Requesters enable devices to establish connections with Wi-Fi access points (e.g., nodes) for VoWi-Fi calls.

[0065] b. Wireless Interface Layer (RIL): The RIL library can act as an interface between the Android phone architecture and the modem 406. The RIL library facilitates communication with the modem 406 to handle voice calls, including VoWi-Fi calls. In various embodiments, the RIL library includes a network monitoring module 341. The network monitoring module 341 is configured to monitor one or more Radio Access Technology (RAT) parameters associated with a cellular network or RAT node. The network monitoring module 341 is also configured to determine a RAT score based on one or more RAT parameters by utilizing one or more modules associated with the network monitoring module 341, as referenced below. Figure 5 A more detailed description.

[0066] Modem 406 may include an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) client library. Additionally, modem 406 may track one or more RSRP / RSRQ values ​​from one or more sensors and notify the RIL library of these values, which in turn may notify the network monitoring module 341.

[0067] Linux kernel layer 404 can form the core of an operating system (e.g., the Android operating system). Linux kernel layer 404 can include components for the functionality of electronic device 300, including Wi-Fi and networking capabilities. In the VoWi-Fi calling scenario, the two components are related and are listed below.

[0068] a. Wi-Fi Driver: The Wi-Fi driver is configured to facilitate communication between the device and the WLAN chip 405. Additionally, the Wi-Fi driver is configured to handle low-level Wi-Fi related operations, such as sending and receiving data, managing Wi-Fi connections, and interacting with higher layers.

[0069] b. IP Stack: The IP stack is configured to manage network protocols and route data packets. Furthermore, the IP stack is configured to handle communication between the device, WLAN chip 405, and modem 406, thereby ensuring proper data flow during VoWi-Fi calls.

[0070] In the example scenario, a user wants to use the device to make a VoWi-Fi call. The user can launch a VoIP application and select a contact for the VoWi-Fi call. The VoIP application can interact with the WLAN architecture to initiate a VoWi-Fi call and establish a Wi-Fi connection. The Wi-Fi requester can handle the authentication and encryption process to connect the device to the desired Wi-Fi access point. The RIL can communicate with modem 406 to establish a connection for the VoWi-Fi call. The Wi-Fi driver enables the device to communicate with WLAN chip 405, ensuring smooth data transmission. Simultaneously, the IP stack manages network protocols, routing data packets between WLAN chip 405, modem 406, and the VoIP application. Through the coordinated functions of the layers and their components, the device can successfully establish and maintain a VoWi-Fi call, allowing the user to communicate over a Wi-Fi network instead of a traditional cellular network.

[0071] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of an electronic device 300 for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls according to various embodiments. Examples of the electronic device 300 may include, but are not limited to, smartphones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, wearable devices, etc.

[0072] In an embodiment, electronic device 300 includes memory 310, processor (e.g., including processing circuitry and may be referred to herein as a controller) 320, and communicator (e.g., including communication circuitry) 330. Processor 320 may be a VoWi-Fi service module (e.g., including various processing circuitry and / or executable program instructions) 340.

[0073] In embodiments, memory 310 stores instructions, as discussed throughout this disclosure, to be executed by processor 320 for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls. Memory 310 may include non-volatile storage elements. Examples of such non-volatile storage elements may include magnetic hard disks, optical disks, floppy disks, flash memory, or electrically programmable memory (EPROM) or electrically erasable programmable memory (EEPROM). Furthermore, in some examples, memory 310 may be considered a non-transitory storage medium. The term "non-transitory" may indicate that the storage medium does not present itself as a carrier or propagating signal. However, the term "non-transitory" should not be construed as meaning that memory 310 is immovable. In some examples, memory 310 may be configured to store a larger amount of information than a memory. In some examples, a non-transitory storage medium may store data that can change over time (e.g., in random access memory (RAM) or a cache). Memory 310 may be an internal storage unit, or it may be an external storage unit of electronic device 300, a cloud storage device, or any other type of external storage device.

[0074] Processor 320 may include various processing circuitry (as used herein, including the claims, the terms "processor," "controller," etc., may include various processing circuitry including at least one processor (or controller), wherein one or more of the at least one processor (or controller) may be configured to perform the various functions described herein), and communicates with memory 310, communicator 330, and VoWi-Fi service module 340. Processor 320 is configured to execute instructions stored in memory 310 and perform various processes for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls, as discussed throughout this disclosure. Processor 320 may include one or more processors, which may be general-purpose processors such as central processing unit (CPU), application processor (AP), etc., graphics-specific processing units (such as graphics processing unit (GPU)), vision processing unit (VPU), and / or artificial intelligence (AI)-specific processors (such as neural processing unit (NPU)).

[0075] The communicator 330 may include various communication circuits and is configured to communicate internally between internal hardware components and with external devices (e.g., servers) via one or more networks (e.g., wireless technologies). The communicator 330 may include electronic circuitry specific to standards for implementing wired or wireless communication.

[0076] The VoWi-Fi service module 340 (and various modules shown as part thereof) is implemented by processing circuitry such as logic gates, integrated circuits, microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory circuits, passive electronic components, active electronic components, optical components, hardwired circuitry, etc., and may optionally be driven by firmware. The circuitry may, for example, be presented in one or more semiconductor chips, or on a substrate support such as a printed circuit board.

[0077] In various embodiments, the VoWi-Fi service module 340 includes a network (N / W) monitoring module 341, a WLAN monitoring module 342, and an ePDG monitoring module 343.

[0078] In various embodiments, network monitoring module 341 is configured to monitor one or more RAT parameters associated with a cellular network or RAT node (e.g., LTE, 5G / NR). Examples of one or more RAT parameters may include, but are not limited to, RSRP and RSRQ. The network monitoring module is also configured to determine a RAT score based on one or more RAT parameters using one or more modules associated with it. Network monitoring module 341 may include network manager 341a, network status listener 341b, registration management handler 341c, and registration event handler 341d.

[0079] In various embodiments, network manager 341a is configured to handle one or more call requests. In other words, when a new call request arrives from the telephony architecture or from an OEM client (OEM client library), an event is dispatched to network manager 341a, where the event may be associated with a lower layer (e.g., the OEM) and / or the telephony architecture layer. This event triggers network manager 341a to interact with a modem layer (e.g., modem 406), thereby facilitating the necessary actions to fulfill the new call request. Network state listener 341b is configured to directly listen for all Notify() signals sent by network manager 341a. Upon receiving an event, network state listener 341b is also configured to relay the event to registered event handler 341d via registered management handler 341c. Network state listener 341b is also configured to remain in a constant listening mode to detect any state changes, while registered event handler 341d is specifically triggered when expected values ​​(such as RSRP and RSRQ) undergo modification and require monitoring.

[0080] In various embodiments, the registration management handler 341c is configured to act as a receiver of events for a network state listener and to register relevant observers to monitor network changes. The registration management handler 341c is configured to listen for network events. Network events that indicate changes in network state (such as RSRP and RSRQ values) are captured at the modem layer 406 and propagated as events to higher layers. Upon detecting a network event, the registration management handler 341c is configured to send a network type change event to the registration event handler 341d.

[0081] In various embodiments, the registration management handler 341c may include an Android architecture design that facilitates the registration of observers to state listeners. In other words, the electronic device 300 may include two processors, such as an application processor (AP) and a communication processor (CP). The application is handled by the AP, while communication with the network is handled by the CP. All network conditions are collected at the CP and must be propagated to the AP and then to the network monitoring module 341. This propagation is implemented using the observer design pattern, which requires the use of handlers and listeners (e.g., network state listener 341b).

[0082] In various embodiments, the WLAN monitoring module 342 is configured to monitor one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters associated with multiple WLANs (e.g., a first WLAN such as 2.4 GHz, a second WLAN such as 5 GHz, etc.) of a node (e.g., a router) associated with the network. Examples of the one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters may include, but are not limited to, RSSI, RTP packet loss, and the type of Wi-Fi network. These parameters are needed to determine whether ePDG is available on the WLAN channel. The WLAN monitoring module 342 is also configured to determine the WLAN score of each of the multiple WLANs based on the corresponding one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters by utilizing one or more modules associated with the WLAN monitoring module 342.

[0083] In various embodiments, the WLAN monitoring module 342 may include a Wi-Fi manager 342a. The Wi-Fi manager 342a is configured to provide essential services and architectural components that enable applications to access and utilize Wi-Fi-related functions through the Wi-Fi driver. The Wi-Fi manager 342a is also configured to manage link connections and different networks, thereby ensuring seamless connectivity for users. Furthermore, the Wi-Fi manager is configured to implement a mechanism for sharing information from the Wi-Fi architecture (e.g., the WLAN architecture) with the IMS architecture, where this information is used for score calculations (e.g., WLAN score, VoWi-Fi migration score, etc.). This feature enhances the overall user experience by providing more accurate score calculations.

[0084] In various embodiments, the ePDG monitoring module 343 is configured to use an evolved packet data gateway (ePDG) interface to detect voice communication on a first WLAN among a plurality of wireless local area networks (WLANs) associated with a node of the network. The ePDG monitoring module 343 is also configured to detect whether the electronic device 300 is in motion by monitoring sensor data of the electronic device 300 using one or more sensors (e.g., an accelerometer). The ePDG monitoring module 343 is also configured to determine one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the plurality of WLANs in response to determining that the electronic device 300 is in motion. Examples of the one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters may include, but are not limited to, RSSI, RTP packet loss, and DPD timer expiration.

[0085] In various embodiments, the ePDG monitoring module 343 is configured to establish voice communication upon detecting a change in one or more determined ePDG interface tunnel parameters. The ePDG monitoring module 343 may perform multiple operations to establish voice communication, which are described below by way of non-limiting examples.

[0086] ePDG monitoring module 343 is configured to determine whether the values ​​of one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with a first ePDG interface tunnel among a plurality of ePDG interface tunnels are greater than a threshold (a predetermined threshold ePDG interface). ePDG monitoring module 343 is configured to: a. In response to determining that the values ​​of one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the first ePDG interface tunnel are greater than a threshold, establish voice communication on the first ePDG interface tunnel; or b. In response to determining that the values ​​of one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the first ePDG interface tunnel are below a threshold, establish voice communication on the second ePDG interface tunnel among the multiple ePDG interface tunnels.

[0087] In various embodiments, the ePDG monitoring module 343 is configured to establish voice communication using a second of a plurality of WLANs when a change in one or more determined ePDG interface tunnel parameters is detected, thereby enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls. The ePDG monitoring module 343 may perform multiple steps to establish voice communication, as described below.

[0088] The ePDG monitoring module 343 is further configured to determine the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration score of the corresponding WLAN based on the correlation between one or more determined ePDG interface tunnel parameters and one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters associated with the corresponding WLAN using the WLAN monitoring module 342. The ePDG monitoring module 343 is also configured to determine the RAT score of the RAT node associated with the electronic device 300 using the network monitoring module 341. The ePDG monitoring module 343 is further configured to allow the electronic device 300 to migrate voice communication from a first WLAN to a second WLAN or to a RAT node among the multiple WLANs, based on the highest VoWi-Fi migration score among the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration scores and the determined RAT score, to enhance the quality of VoWi-Fi calls. The ePDG monitoring module 343 can perform multiple steps to migrate voice communication from a first WLAN to a second WLAN or to a RAT node among the multiple WLANs to enhance the quality of VoWi-Fi calls, as described below.

[0089] The ePDG monitoring module 343 is also configured to determine whether the determined RAT score is greater than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score. The ePDG monitoring module 343 is also configured to: a. In response to determining that the determined RAT score is greater than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score, migrate from the first WLAN to the RAT node; or b. In response to determining that the determined RAT score is lower than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score, migrate to the optimal WLAN among the multiple WLANs associated with the node in the network. The optimal WLAN includes the highest VoWi-Fi migration score among the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration scores in either the first or second WLAN.

[0090] In various embodiments, the ePDG monitoring module 343 is configured to perform voice communication corresponding to VoWi-Fi communication. The ePDG monitoring module 343 is also configured to, upon detecting active communication on the electronic device 300, suspend one or more Wi-Fi sockets used for all ongoing communication, excluding VoWi-Fi communication, associated with one or more applications of the electronic device 300.

[0091] In various embodiments, the ePDG monitoring module 343 is configured to detect changes in connectivity from the first WLAN to the second WLAN. The ePDG monitoring module 343 is also configured to update the active IP address of the first WLAN to the second WLAN to maintain the ePDG interface on the second WLAN within the network without initiating a new registration mechanism for the second WLAN.

[0092] Functions associated with various components of electronic device 300 can be executed via non-volatile memory, volatile memory, and processor 320. One or more processors control the processing of input data according to predefined (e.g., specified) operating rules or AI models stored in non-volatile memory and volatile memory to predict changes in network conditions caused by the movement of electronic device 300, such as the RSSI of linked Wi-Fi, cellular network strength, etc. Predefined operating rules or AI models are provided through training or learning. Here, "providing through learning" can refer to, for example, obtaining predefined operating rules or AI models with desired characteristics by applying a learning mechanism to multiple learning data. Learning can be performed within the device itself that performs the AI ​​according to the embodiment, and / or can be implemented via a separate server / system. The learning mechanism can be trained on a predetermined target device (e.g., a robot) using multiple learning data to enable, allow, or control the target device to make decisions or predictions. Examples of learning mechanisms include, but are not limited to, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or reinforcement learning.

[0093] AI models can include multiple neural network layers. Each layer can have multiple weight values, and layer operations are performed by computing the previous layer and operating on the multiple weights. Examples of neural networks include, but are not limited to, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs), Deep Belief Networks (DBNs), Bidirectional Recurrent Deep Neural Networks (BRDNNs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and Deep Q-Networks.

[0094] although Figure 5 Various hardware components of the electronic device 300 are shown, but it should be understood that the various embodiments are not limited thereto. In various embodiments, the electronic device 300 may include fewer or more components. Furthermore, the designations or names of components are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of this disclosure. One or more components may be combined to perform the same or substantially similar functions to enhance the quality of VoWi-Fi calls.

[0095] Figure 6A and Figure 6B This is a flowchart illustrating an example method 600 for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls according to various embodiments.

[0096] In method 601, method 600 includes detecting that a VoWi-Fi call has been established on a first WLAN. In method 602, method 600 includes pausing all Wi-Fi sockets except for the established call when the established Wi-Fi call is detected. In method 603, method 600 includes determining whether any movement associated with a user of electronic device 300 is detected. In method 604, method 600 includes continuing the established VoWi-Fi call using the first WLAN in response to determining that no movement associated with a user of electronic device 300 is detected. In methods 605-603, method 600 includes continuously monitoring the ongoing VoWi-Fi call and determining whether movement associated with a user of electronic device 300 is detected during the ongoing VoWi-Fi call.

[0097] At 606, method 600 includes monitoring one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters and one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters in response to determining that motion associated with a user of electronic device 300 has been detected. At 607, method 600 includes determining a VoWi-Fi migration score based on one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters and one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters. At 608, method 600 includes determining whether the determined VoWi-Fi migration score is greater than a RAT score. At 608N, method 600 includes migrating an ongoing VoWi-Fi call from a first WLAN to a RAT node in response to determining that the determined RAT score is greater than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score, and processing as follows: Figure 6A One or more operations (steps) are shown.

[0098] In 609, method 600 includes determining whether Wi-Fi migration is needed based on one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters and one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters. In 610, method 600 includes continuously monitoring ongoing VoWi-Fi calls in response to determining that Wi-Fi migration is not needed, and processing such... Figure 6B and Figure 6A One or more operations (steps) are shown. In 611, method 600 includes migrating to the optimal WLAN among a plurality of WLANs associated with a node of the network in response to determining that Wi-Fi migration is required. In 612, method 600 includes updating the IP to maintain the ePDG tunnel / interface.

[0099] Figure 7A and Figure 7B This is a signal flow diagram illustrating an example method 700 for migrating voice communication from a first WLAN (e.g., Wi-Fi AP 5 GHz) to a second WLAN (e.g., Wi-Fi AP 2.4 GHz) according to various embodiments.

[0100] At 701, method 700 includes establishing a connection with Wi-Fi router 400 (e.g., Wi-Fi network 400) to initiate a VoWi-Fi call, which may involve step 601. At 702, method 700 includes sending an IKE_AUTH_REQUEST to the ePDG server of carrier network 500. After receiving the IKE_AUTH_REQUEST from electronic device 10, the ePDG server of carrier network 30 sends an IKE_AUTH_RESPONSE to electronic device 300. In other words, an ePDG tunnel is established between electronic device 300 and the ePDG server to provide security when connecting over an untrusted Wi-Fi network, and a VoWi-Fi call is initiated through the ePDG tunnel, which may involve step 601.

[0101] At 703, method 700 includes detecting movement associated with a user of electronic device 300, which may involve step 603. At 704-705, method 700 includes determining a VoWi-Fi migration score based on one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters and one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters, which may involve step 607. At 706, 707, 708, and 709, method 700 includes determining a RAT score based on one or more RAT parameters (e.g., LTE / NR strength). At 707-710 and 708-711, method 700 includes determining a WLAN score for each of a plurality of WLANs (e.g., a first WLAN and a second WLAN) based on corresponding one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters, which may involve step 606. At 712, method 700 includes suspending all Wi-Fi sockets except for the established call, which may involve step 602.

[0102] In 713, method 700 includes sending an IP change request to the ePDG server (e.g., upon detecting a request for voice communication migration from a first WLAN to a second WLAN) (Change request). In 714, method 700 includes sending to electronic device 300. Change in response. In 715, method 700 includes establishing a connection with Wi-Fi router 400 (e.g., a second WLAN) to continue the ongoing VoWi-Fi call. The MOBIKE protocol ensures that no new registration occurs when the device's IP address changes via a new Wi-Fi channel (e.g., a second WLAN (Wi-Fi AP 2.4GHz)). In other words, device 300 is able to establish voice communication without requiring an ePDG re-registration process. Therefore, there are no dropped calls and seamless switching between Wi-Fi channels, which improves the user experience compared to conventional VoWi-Fi calling systems 200.

[0103] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating an example method 800 for enhancing the quality of VoWi-Fi calls according to various embodiments.

[0104] In 801, method 800 includes: using an ePDG interface to detect voice communication on a first WLAN among a plurality of WLANs associated with a node of the network, which may relate to 601.

[0105] In 802, method 800 includes: determining one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with a plurality of ePDG interface tunnels, which may involve 606. Method 800 may perform multiple steps to determine one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with a plurality of ePDG interface tunnels, as given below.

[0106] In various embodiments, method 800 includes detecting whether the electronic device 300 is in motion by monitoring sensor data of the electronic device 300. Method 800 also includes determining one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with a plurality of WLANs in response to determining that the electronic device is in motion.

[0107] In 803, method 800 includes: upon detecting a change in one or more determined ePDG interface tunnel parameters, establishing voice communication using a second WLAN among a plurality of WLANs to enhance the quality of the VoWi-Fi call, which may relate to 611. Method 800 may perform multiple steps to establish voice communication using a second WLAN among a plurality of WLANs to enhance the quality of the VoWi-Fi call, as given below.

[0108] In various embodiments, method 800 includes: determining whether the values ​​of one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with a first ePDG interface tunnel among a plurality of ePDG interface tunnels are greater than a threshold. Method 800 may further include: a. In response to determining that the values ​​of one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the first ePDG interface tunnel are greater than a threshold, establish voice communication on the first ePDG interface tunnel; or b. In response to determining that the values ​​of one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the first ePDG interface tunnel are below a threshold, establish voice communication on the second ePDG interface tunnel among the multiple ePDG interface tunnels.

[0109] In various embodiments, method 800 may include: determining a corresponding VoWi-Fi migration score for a corresponding WLAN based on the correlation between one or more determined ePDG interface tunnel parameters and one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters associated with the corresponding WLAN. Method 800 further includes: determining the RAT score of a RAT node associated with electronic device 300. Method 800 further includes: migrating voice communication from a first WLAN to a second WLAN or to a RAT node, based on the highest VoWi-Fi migration score among the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration scores and the determined RAT score, to enhance the quality of VoWi-Fi calls.

[0110] In various embodiments, method 800 may perform multiple steps to migrate voice communication from a first WLAN to a second WLAN or to a RAT node among a plurality of WLANs to enhance the quality of VoWi-Fi calls, based on the highest VoWi-Fi migration score among the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration scores and a determined RAT score, as given below.

[0111] Method 800 may include: determining whether the determined RAT score is greater than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score. Method 800 may further include: a. In response to determining that the determined RAT score is greater than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score, migrate from the first WLAN to the RAT node; or b. In response to determining that the determined RAT score is lower than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score, migrate to the optimal WLAN among the multiple WLANs associated with the node of the network, wherein the optimal WLAN includes the highest VoWi-Fi migration score among the first WLAN or the second WLAN.

[0112] In various embodiments, method 800 may include performing voice communication corresponding to VoWi-Fi communication. Method 800 also includes pausing one or more Wi-Fi sockets, excluding VoWi-Fi communication, for all ongoing communications associated with one or more applications (e.g., social media applications, gaming applications, etc.) of electronic device 300 upon detecting active communication.

[0113] In various embodiments, method 800 may include: detecting a change in connectivity from a first WLAN to a second WLAN. Method 800 may also include: updating the active IP address of the first WLAN to the second WLAN to maintain the ePDG interface on the second WLAN within the network without initiating a new registration mechanism for the second WLAN.

[0114] In various embodiments, method 800 utilizes DPD to detect that a failed IKE peer has been processed by a proposal that requires sending periodic HELLO / ACK messages to prove its activity.

[0115] In various embodiments, method 800 uses the MOBIKE protocol. Typically, IKEv2 is used to perform mutual authentication and to establish and maintain IPsec SAs. It is implicitly created between the IP addresses used when establishing the IKE_SA. Currently, it is not possible to change these addresses after the IKE_SA is created. However, there are scenarios where IP addresses may change. Such scenarios are based on mobility and multihoming. Mobility corresponds to a scenario where a host changes its network attachment point and receives a new IP address, and multihoming is, for example, a scenario where a host expects to switch to a different interface if the currently used interface stops working for some reason.

[0116] The problem can be corrected by generating new IKE and IPsec SAs, but this is inefficient. Therefore, a technology is needed to update the IP addresses of existing IKE and IPsec SAs. The MOBIKE protocol is an example of such a system.

[0117] Figure 9A , Figure 9B and Figure 9C This is a diagram illustrating an example scenario 900 of seamless voice communication where a user of an electronic device 300, according to various embodiments, moves around the house while making a VoWi-Fi call.

[0118] Consider example scenario 900, where the user has already installed router 901 in the house to provide a good internet connection, such as... Figure 9A , Figure 9B and Figure 9CAs shown. The house includes various locations such as the hall (location-1), dining room (location-2), room-1 (location-3), room-2 (location-4), and kitchen (location-5). Router 901 is located in the hall (location-1) and contains Wi-Fi SSIDs operating on both 2.4GHz and 5GHz. The coverage area of ​​router 901 is indicated by dashed circles representing multiple WLAN channels (e.g., Home_5G and Home_2.4G), as shown. Figure 9A , Figure 9B and Figure 9C As shown.

[0119] The user can currently be located in, such as Figure 9A In the lobby (location-1) shown, router 901 provides wireless network coverage, and a user's electronic device 300 retrieves multiple Wi-Fi SSIDs / WLANs (e.g., Home_5G and Home_2.4G) from router 901. The electronic device 300 can select a first WLAN (e.g., Home_5G) from among the multiple WLANs associated with the node (e.g., router 901) to access high-speed internet and establish voice communication on the first WLAN using the ePDG interface. Now, the user can move from the lobby (location-1) to the restaurant (location-2), as... Figure 9B As shown. Electronic device 300 can detect voice communication migration requirements from a first WLAN to a second WLAN (e.g., Home_2.4G) based on the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration score and / or determined one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters and / or one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters associated with the corresponding WLAN. Furthermore, electronic device 300 can use existing registrations for ongoing voice communication, such as... Figure 7B As discussed earlier. Now, the user can move from the restaurant (location-2) back to room 2 (location-4), as... Figure 9C As shown. Electronic device 300 can detect a voice communication migration request from the second WLAN to RAT node 902 when it detects that the determined RAT score is greater than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score.

[0120] As a result, electronic device 300 can offer certain advantages and technical benefits compared to a conventional VoWi-Fi calling system 200. Such advantages may include maintaining call quality for voice communication, thereby avoiding any unnecessary interruptions such as mute, pause, or blanking during handover between VoWi-Fi networks and / or Wi-Fi networks. Another advantage of the electronic device 300 disclosed herein is its ability to perform seamless handover between Wi-Fi channels based on ePDG call quality parameters (e.g., DPD, RTP packet loss, etc.). Furthermore, electronic device 300 can establish voice communication without requiring an ePDG re-registration process.

[0121] The various actions, behaviors, blocks, steps, etc. in the flowchart can be executed in the presented order, in a different order, or simultaneously. Furthermore, in various embodiments, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, some actions, behaviors, blocks, steps, etc., may be omitted, added, modified, or skipped.

[0122] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The systems, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not limiting.

[0123] While specific language has been used to describe this subject matter, it is not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various feasible modifications can be made to the method to achieve the teachings of this disclosure. The accompanying drawings and the foregoing description provide examples of various embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that one or more of the described elements can be well combined into a single functional element. Elements from one embodiment can be added to another embodiment.

[0124] The embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented using at least one hardware device and by performing network management functions for controlling the elements.

[0125] While this disclosure has been illustrated and described with reference to various exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that these exemplary embodiments are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art will also understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the true spirit and full scope of this disclosure, including the appended claims and their equivalents. It should also be understood that any embodiment described herein may be used in conjunction with any other embodiment described herein.

Claims

1. A method performed by an electronic device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: detecting, using an evolved packet data gateway (ePDG) interface, a voice communication on a first wireless local area network (WLAN) among a plurality of WLANs associated with nodes of a network; determining one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with a plurality of ePDG interface tunnels; and establishing, using a second WLAN among the plurality of WLANs, the voice communication upon detecting a change in the determined one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters. establishing the voice communication upon detecting the change in the determined one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters comprises:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, determining whether a value of the one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with a first ePDG interface tunnel of the plurality of ePDG interface tunnels is greater than a threshold value; and performing at least one of: establishing the voice communication on the first ePDG interface tunnel in response to determining that the value of the one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the first ePDG interface tunnel is greater than the threshold value; or establishing the voice communication on a second ePDG interface tunnel of the plurality of ePDG interface tunnels in response to determining that the value of the one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the first ePDG interface tunnel is less than the threshold value. establishing the voice communication comprises:

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, determining a corresponding voice over Wi-Fi (VoWi-Fi) migration score for a corresponding WLAN based on a correlation of the determined one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters and one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters associated with the corresponding WLAN; determining a radio access technology (RAT) score for a RAT node associated with the electronic device; and migrating the voice communication from the first WLAN to the second WLAN or to the RAT node among the plurality of WLANs based on a highest VoWi-Fi migration score of the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration scores and the determined RAT score.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: performing the voice communication corresponding to a VoWi-Fi communication; and suspending one or more Wi-Fi sockets for all ongoing communications associated with one or more applications of the electronic device that do not include the VoWi-Fi communication upon detecting the active communication. the one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters are used to determine availability of the ePDG interface on each WLAN. migrating the voice communication from the first WLAN to the second WLAN or to the RAT node among the plurality of WLANs based on the highest VoWi-Fi migration score of the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration scores and the determined RAT score comprises:

5. The method of claim 3, wherein, determining whether the determined RAT score is greater than a determined VoWi-Fi migration score; and 6. The method of claim 3, wherein, performing at least one of: ​ ​ migrate from the first WLAN to the RAT node in response to determining that the determined RAT score is greater than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score; or migrate to an optimal WLAN among the plurality of WLANs associated with the node of the network in response to determining that the determined RAT score is less than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score, wherein the optimal WLAN comprises one among the first WLAN or the second WLAN having the highest VoWi-Fi migration score among the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration scores.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: detecting a change in connection from the first WLAN to the second WLAN; and updating an active IP address of the first WLAN to the second WLAN to maintain the ePDG interface on the second WLAN within the network without initiating a new registration mechanism for the second WLAN.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, the one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters comprise: a type of Wi-Fi network, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a real-time transport protocol (RTP) packet loss, a dead peer detection (DPD) timer expiration, and / or motion associated with the electronic device.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, determining the one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters comprises: detecting whether the electronic device is in motion by monitoring sensor data of the electronic device; and in response to determining that the electronic device is in motion, determining the one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the plurality of WLANs.

10. An electronic device in a wireless communication system, the electronic device comprising: a transceiver; and a controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to: detect, using an evolved packet data gateway (ePDG) interface, a voice communication on a first wireless local area network (WLAN) among a plurality of WLANs associated with a node of a network, determine one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with a plurality of ePDG interface tunnels, and establish, upon detecting a change in the determined one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters, the voice communication using a second WLAN among the plurality of WLANs. 11.The electronic device of claim 10, wherein To establish the voice communication upon detecting the change in the determined one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters, the controller is configured to: determine whether a value of the one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with a first ePDG interface tunnel among the plurality of ePDG interface tunnels is greater than a threshold value, and perform at least one of: in response to determining that the value of the one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the first ePDG interface tunnel is greater than the threshold value, establish the voice communication on the first ePDG interface tunnel; or ​ in response to determining that the value of the one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters associated with the first ePDG interface tunnel is less than the threshold value, establishing the voice communication on a second ePDG interface tunnel of the plurality of ePDG interface tunnels. 12.The electronic device of claim 10, wherein To establish the voice communication, the controller is configured to: determine a corresponding Wi-Fi voice, VoWi-Fi, migration score for a corresponding WLAN based on a correlation of the determined one or more ePDG interface tunnel parameters and one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters associated with the corresponding WLAN, determine a radio access technology, RAT, score for a RAT node associated with the electronic device, and migrate the voice communication from the first WLAN to the second WLAN or to the RAT node of the plurality of WLANs based on a highest VoWi-Fi migration score of the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration scores and the determined RAT score. 13.The electronic device of claim 10, wherein The controller is configured to: perform the voice communication corresponding to a VoWi-Fi communication, and suspend one or more Wi-Fi sockets for all ongoing communications associated with one or more applications of the electronic device that do not include the VoWi-Fi communication upon detecting the active communication. 14.The electronic device of claim 12, wherein, The one or more Wi-Fi channel parameters are needed to determine availability of the ePDG interface on each WLAN. 15.The electronic device of claim 12, wherein, To migrate the voice communication from the first WLAN to the second WLAN or to the RAT node of the plurality of WLANs based on the highest VoWi-Fi migration score of the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration scores and the determined RAT score, the controller is configured to: determine whether the determined RAT score is greater than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score, and perform at least one of: in response to determining that the determined RAT score is greater than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score, migrating from the first WLAN to the RAT node; or in response to determining that the determined RAT score is less than the determined VoWi-Fi migration score, migrating to an optimal WLAN of the plurality of WLANs associated with the node of the network, wherein the optimal WLAN includes one of the first WLAN or the second WLAN having the highest VoWi-Fi migration score of the corresponding VoWi-Fi migration scores.

Images