Spine endoscope

Abstract

The invention provides a spine endoscope. The spine endoscope comprises an endoscope tube, an intubation tube and an endoscope assembly. The mirror tube is provided with a hollow groove extending in the axial direction and a guide groove communicated with the hollow groove. The insertion pipe is embedded in the guide groove and slides in a manner of being attached to the groove wall; the endoscope assembly is arranged in the cannula. By means of the structure, the endoscope can independently slide in the axial direction of the endoscope tube, continuous adjustment of the operation view field is achieved, and the endoscope tube is kept fixed in the body of a patient. By means of the design, the problems that due to overall movement of a traditional spine endoscope, tissue traction damage is caused, and view adjustment is not flexible are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of medical devices, and in particular to spinal endoscopes. Background Technology

[0002] A spinal endoscope is a precision medical instrument used to perform surgery inside deep structures of the spine, such as intervertebral discs, spinal canals, and intervertebral foramina. Through a channel approximately 7-8 millimeters in diameter, it allows the surgeon's field of vision and tools to extend directly to the affected nerves and bones, enabling precise manipulation of the core spinal region with minimal trauma. In such surgeries, to ensure precise operation within the confined surgical channel, the endoscope and working channel (endoscopic tube) are usually integrated into one unit. The endoscope provides a clear internal view and is the surgeon's "eye." In current technology, the endoscope assembly is mostly designed to be fixed or integrated with the endoscope tube via a simple locking mechanism; that is, the endoscope is fixed in a specific position within the endoscope tube to achieve basic observation functions.

[0003] The existing fixed or limited-adjustment designs described above exhibit significant limitations in actual surgery. The most prominent problem lies in the extremely inflexible positioning of the endoscope. When the surgical area changes or different angles of tissue structures need to be observed, the surgeon cannot quickly and precisely adjust the depth of the endoscope. To obtain a better surgical field, the surgeon often needs to move the entire endoscopic instrument, along with the endoscope tube, inside the patient's body. This holistic movement is not only cumbersome and slow to respond, but also inevitably pulls on and damages nerves and soft tissues around the access point, increasing the patient's surgical risk. Furthermore, frequent adjustments severely disrupt the flow of the surgery and prolong the operation time.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a spinal endoscope that can achieve independent and continuous displacement of the endoscope components without moving the overall endoscope tube. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a spinal endoscope that can achieve independent and continuous displacement of the endoscope components without moving the overall endoscope tube, in order to solve the above problems.

[0006] Embodiments of this application provide a spinal endoscope, comprising: The endoscope tube has a hollow groove extending along the axial direction of the endoscope tube, and a guide groove is formed on the tube wall along the axial direction of the endoscope tube, the guide groove being connected to the hollow groove; The insertion tube is embedded in the guide groove, and the outer peripheral wall of the insertion tube is attached to and slidably disposed with respect to the groove wall of the guide groove; An endoscope assembly disposed within the cannula.

[0007] In at least one embodiment of this application, the endoscope assembly has an end face disposed at the distal end of the cannula; When viewed along the axial direction of the end tube, the end face extends obliquely from the front edge of the guide groove toward the near end of the end tube, and the end face forms an angle A with a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the end tube, where A satisfies the relationship: 0° < A < 90°.

[0008] In at least one embodiment of this application, the endoscope assembly includes a water inlet channel, a water outlet channel, and a camera channel, wherein the camera channel is located in the central region of the radial direction of the cannula, and the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are respectively disposed on both circumferential sides of the camera channel; The water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are connected to the hollow trough, so that the hollow trough, the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel together form a fluid channel penetrating the mirror tube.

[0009] In at least one embodiment of this application, the outer peripheral wall of the cannula has a first arcuate portion and a second arcuate portion disposed opposite to each other along the width direction of the cannula; The guide groove has a first contact area and a second contact area on its groove wall, which correspond to the first arc-shaped portion and the second arc-shaped portion, and the first contact area and the second contact area are arranged opposite to each other. When the insertion tube is placed in the guide groove, the first arc-shaped portion is attached to and slidably disposed on the first contact area, and the second arc-shaped portion is attached to and slidably disposed on the second contact area, so that the first contact area and the first arc-shaped portion, and the second contact area and the second arc-shaped portion are attached to and guided on both sides, so that the insertion tube is restricted to slide along the axial direction of the endoscope tube within the guide groove.

[0010] In at least one embodiment of this application, when viewed along the radial direction of the lens tube, the cross-sectional shape of the first contact area is arc-shaped or U-shaped.

[0011] In at least one embodiment of this application, the radial depth of the first contact area is greater than the radial depth of the first arcuate portion.

[0012] In at least one embodiment of this application, the first arcuate portion has: a first abutting portion and a second abutting portion, the first abutting portion and the second abutting portion being sequentially connected along the circumferential direction of the insertion tube; The first contact area has a third abutting part and a fourth abutting part. The third abutting part is located on the side of the guide groove close to the hollow groove, and the fourth abutting part is located on the side of the guide groove away from the hollow groove. When the insertion tube is placed in the guide groove, the first abutting part is in contact with the third abutting part, the fourth abutting part is in contact with a portion of the second abutting part, and the other portion of the second abutting part is located in the hollow groove.

[0013] In at least one embodiment of this application, the cannula further has a connecting portion, one end of which is connected to the first arc-shaped portion and the other end of which is connected to the second arc-shaped portion, and is integrally formed with the connecting portion, the first arc-shaped portion and the second arc-shaped portion; The connecting part has a semi-arc cross-section, and the arc-shaped opening of the connecting part is oriented towards the hollow groove. A guide surface is formed on the side of the connecting part near the hollow groove, and the guide surface and the inner wall of the hollow groove are together enclosed to form the connection.

[0014] In at least one embodiment of this application, the endoscope tube has an insertion surface, which is located at the distal end of the endoscope tube; Viewed along the axial direction of the endoscope tube, the insertion surface extends obliquely from the front edge of the guide groove toward the distal end of the endoscope tube, and the insertion surface intersects with the end face so that the oblique direction of the insertion surface is opposite to the oblique direction of the end face of the endoscope assembly.

[0015] In at least one embodiment of this application, the endoscope tube further has a chamfered portion, the chamfered portion connecting the outer peripheral wall of the endoscope tube to the groove wall of the guide groove, and the chamfered portion extending along the axial direction of the endoscope tube.

[0016] The spinal endoscope described above has an axial guide groove on the wall of the endoscope tube that communicates with a hollow groove. A sliding cannula is embedded in the guide groove, and the endoscope assembly is then installed in the cannula. This allows the endoscope tube to remain in the original surgical channel within the patient's body, eliminating the need for the entire instrument to be moved back and forth. The operator only needs to push the cannula, causing it to move along the axis of the endoscope tube within the hollow groove, allowing the endoscope assembly to move continuously back and forth, thus quickly aligning the surgical field of view at different depths or angles. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spinal endoscope in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the frontal view of the spinal endoscope. Figure 3 This is a frontal view of the endoscope tube, cannula, and endoscope assembly. Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of structure A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the exploded structure of the endoscope tube and the insertion cannula; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a side view of a spinal endoscope.

[0018] Explanation of main component symbols 100. Spinal endoscope; 10. Endoscope tube; 11. Hollow groove; 12. Guide groove; 121. First contact area; 1211. Third abutment part; 1212. Fourth abutment part; 122. Second contact area; 13. Insertion surface; 14. Chamfered part; 10a. Flat surface; 20. Insertion tube; 21. First arc-shaped part; 211. First abutment part; 212. Second abutment part; 22. Second arc-shaped part; 23. Connecting part; 231. Guide surface; 30. Endoscope assembly; 30a. End face; 31. Water inlet channel; 32. Water outlet channel; 33. Camera channel. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0020] It should be noted that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may also have an intervening component. When a component is considered to be "placed" on another component, it can be directly placed on the other component or may also have an intervening component. The terms "top," "bottom," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "back," and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only.

[0021] Embodiments of this application provide a spinal endoscope, comprising: The endoscope tube has a hollow groove extending along the axial direction of the endoscope tube, and a guide groove is formed on the tube wall along the axial direction of the endoscope tube, the guide groove being connected to the hollow groove; The insertion tube is embedded in the guide groove, and the outer peripheral wall of the insertion tube is attached to and slidably disposed with respect to the groove wall of the guide groove; An endoscope assembly disposed within the cannula.

[0022] The spinal endoscope described above has an axial guide groove on the wall of the endoscope tube that communicates with a hollow groove. A sliding cannula is embedded in the guide groove, and the endoscope assembly is then installed in the cannula. This allows the endoscope tube to remain in the original surgical channel within the patient's body, eliminating the need for the entire instrument to be moved back and forth. The operator only needs to push the cannula, causing it to move along the axis of the endoscope tube within the hollow groove, allowing the endoscope assembly to move continuously back and forth, thus quickly aligning the surgical field of view at different depths or angles.

[0023] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0024] according to Figures 1-6 In this embodiment of the application, a spinal endoscope 100 is provided, including: a tube 10, a cannula 20 and an endoscope.

[0025] The endoscope tube 10 has a hollow groove 11 extending axially along the endoscope tube 10. A guide groove 12, also axially along the endoscope tube 10, is formed on the tube wall of the endoscope tube 10, and the guide groove 12 communicates with the hollow groove 11. An insertion tube 20 is embedded within the guide groove 12, and the outer peripheral wall of the insertion tube 20 is fitted and slidably disposed with respect to the groove wall of the guide groove 12. An endoscope assembly 30 is disposed within the insertion tube 20.

[0026] Specifically, the endoscope tube 10 is a hollow tubular structure extending along its own axis, with a through-hole hollow groove 11 inside, which serves as a working channel for surgical instruments. On the wall of the endoscope tube 10, which is originally a hollow tubular structure, a guide groove 12 is integrally formed along the axial direction of the endoscope tube 10. The guide groove 12 communicates with the inner hollow groove 11, so that the guide groove 12 actually constitutes a sliding fit space adjacent to the hollow groove 11 and extending axially.

[0027] Furthermore, the guide groove 12 provides an axial movement trajectory and constraint for the cannula 20 and the endoscope assembly 30 installed within the cannula 20. The groove wall of the guide groove 12 provides circumferential constraint to the cannula 20, ensuring that the endoscope assembly 30 does not experience radial wobbling or rotation during sliding, thus providing a stable field of view. It should be noted that the endoscope... By creating a guide groove 12 on the wall of the endoscope tube 10, an independent space for the movement and installation of the endoscope assembly 30 is created without significantly increasing the external dimensions of the endoscope tube 10, and it is not necessary to increase the diameter of the endoscope tube 10 to accommodate two systems.

[0028] When the endoscope assembly 30 is installed in the guide groove 12 within the cannula 20, the endoscope assembly 30 can observe the surgical area at the tip of the endoscope tube 10 through the hollow groove 11, since the guide groove 12 is connected to the hollow groove 11. When it is necessary to adjust the field of view, the endoscope assembly 30 slides independently under the guidance of the guide groove 12, thereby changing the position of its observation window through the hollow groove 11, realizing a continuous and stepless change in field of view from near to far. During this period, the endoscope tube 10 itself remains stationary, continuing to remain in its original position within the original tissue channel, completely avoiding tissue traction damage caused by overall movement.

[0029] With the above structural arrangement, the surgical area at the front end of the endoscope tube 10 remains a fixed working channel for entering the patient's intervertebral disc, spinal canal, or intervertebral foramen, while the endoscope assembly 30 is mounted on the reciprocating sliding cannula 20, realizing the independent arrangement and controlled movement of the endoscope assembly 30 relative to the endoscope tube 10.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, the endoscope assembly 30 has an end face 30a for axial observation along the endoscope tube 10. The end face 30a is located at the distal end of the insertion tube 20. The end face 30a extends obliquely from the front edge of the guide groove 12 toward the proximal end of the endoscope tube 10, and the end face 30a forms an angle A with the plane 10a perpendicular to the central axis of the endoscope tube 10, where A satisfies the relationship: 0° < A < 90°.

[0031] Specifically, the end face 30a of the endoscope assembly 30, which is the plane where the observation window or objective lens is located at the foremost end after insertion into the body, is not a conventional plane 10a perpendicular to the axis when observing along the axial direction of the endoscope tube 10. Instead, it tilts backward from the front edge of the guide groove 12 towards the proximal end of the endoscope tube 10, i.e., towards the operator's handle, thus forming a wedge-shaped or inclined structure.

[0032] The end face 30a of the endoscope assembly 30 is designed as an oblique plane at a certain acute angle to the plane perpendicular to the central axis of the endoscope tube 10, thus creating an oblique optical window for the endoscope assembly 30. Compared to the vertical end face 30a of a traditional endoscope, the oblique design causes the optical axis of the endoscope to deflect at an angle to the axis of the endoscope tube 10, avoiding excessive steepness of the end face 30a that could obstruct the field of view, thereby changing the projection direction of the field of view. For example, when A=45°, the field of view of the endoscope assembly 30 will deviate from the axis by 45°, which can actively avoid bony obstructions such as the lamina and articular processes directly in front of the surgical channel, and directly capture oblique tissue structures.

[0033] The inclined end face 30a causes the observation direction of the endoscope tip to have a certain tilt angle relative to the axis of the endoscope tube 10, which can better cover the surgical area near the front end of the guide groove 12, and even the surgical area around the front port of the endoscope tube 10, reducing the blind spot of "being in position but not being able to see clearly". On the other hand, the end face 30a is inclined from the front edge of the guide groove 12 to the proximal end, which is equivalent to making a structural concession at the front end of the endoscope assembly 30. When the cannula 20 slides to the forward limit position, the end face 30a of the endoscope will not collide hard with the front edge of the opening of the guide groove 12, thereby reducing the sliding resistance and improving the fineness and controllability of the adjustment.

[0034] Furthermore, when the operator pushes the cannula 20, causing the cannula 20 and endoscope assembly 30 to slide forward within the guide groove 12, the inclined end faces 30a of the cannula 20 and endoscope assembly 30 can push aside or slide away soft tissues such as fat, capillaries, or connective tissues that may obstruct the path of movement. This effectively reduces the resistance and friction during the movement of the cannula 20 and endoscope, avoiding unnecessary tissue damage and the risk of postoperative adhesions.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the endoscope assembly 30 includes a water inlet channel 31, a water outlet channel 32, and a camera channel 33. The camera channel 33 is located in the radial center region of the insertion tube 20, and the water inlet channel 31 and the water outlet channel 32 are respectively located on both circumferential sides of the camera channel 33. The water inlet channel 31 and the water outlet channel 32 are connected to the hollow trough 11, so that the hollow trough 11, the water inlet channel 31 and the water outlet channel 32 together form a fluid channel penetrating the mirror tube 10.

[0036] Specifically, the cannula 20 has at least three independent functional channels encapsulated and solidified inside: water inlet channel 31, water outlet channel 32, and camera channel 33.

[0037] The inlet channel 31 guides sterile saline or other irrigation fluid from external equipment to the distal end of the endoscope tube 10, directly rinsing the end face 30a of the cannula 20 and the surgical area in front of it. The outlet channel 32 aspirates contaminated fluid mixed with blood and tissue debris from the surgical area, maintaining a clear field of vision. The camera channel 33 houses and protects the image transmission bundle, optical fibers, and the tiny camera module, undertaking the core functions of imaging and illumination.

[0038] These three channels are integrated within the limited cross-sectional area of ​​the endoscope assembly 30, and together with the endoscope assembly 30 as a whole, they slide axially within the cannula 20.

[0039] Furthermore, in this embodiment, viewed radially along the insertion tube 20, the water inlet channel 31 and the water outlet channel 32 are located on both sides of the insertion tube 20, but their specific positions on both sides of the insertion tube 20 are not limited. The camera channel 33 is located between the water inlet channel 31 and the water outlet channel 32. Specifically, the water inlet channel 31 and the water outlet channel 32 are symmetrically distributed circumferentially on the insertion tube 20, and are mirror images of each other with the camera channel 33 as the center. The camera channel 33 is located in the radial center region of the insertion tube 20, and the water inlet channel 31 and the water outlet channel 32 are respectively located on both sides of the camera channel 33. The three are arranged in an arc shape on the cross-section of the insertion tube 20, together forming the multi-channel integrated structure of the endoscope assembly 30.

[0040] In one specific embodiment, the outer peripheral wall of the cannula 20 has a first arcuate portion 21 and a second arcuate portion 22 disposed opposite to each other along the width direction of the cannula 20. The groove wall of the guide groove 12 has a first contact area 121 and a second contact area 122 corresponding to the first arcuate portion 21 and the second arcuate portion 22, and the first contact area 121 and the second contact area 122 are disposed opposite to each other. When the cannula 20 is disposed in the guide groove 12, the first arcuate portion 21 is attached to and slidably disposed on the first contact area 121, and the second arcuate portion 22 is attached to and slidably disposed on the second contact area 122, so that the first contact area and the first arcuate portion 21, and the second contact area 122 and the second arcuate portion 22 are both attached to and guided, so that the cannula 20 is restricted to slide along the axial direction of the endoscope tube 10 within the guide groove 12.

[0041] Specifically, in this embodiment, the insertion tube 20 has a flattened oval structure, and a first arc-shaped portion 21 and a second arc-shaped portion 22 are symmetrically arranged along the outer periphery of the insertion tube 20, with the center line of the guide groove 12 as the axis of symmetry. Correspondingly, the guide groove 12, provided on the wall of the endoscope tube 10, forms a first contact area 121 and a second contact area 122 at opposite positions on its groove wall, corresponding to the first arc-shaped portion 21 and the second arc-shaped portion 22, respectively, and these two contact areas are also symmetrically arranged. In the assembled state, the first contact area 121 is tightly fitted with the first arc-shaped portion 21, and the second contact area 122 is tightly fitted with the second arc-shaped portion 22, thereby forming two symmetrical, large-area contact surfaces that together constrain and guide the insertion tube 20 to slide within the guide groove 12.

[0042] Furthermore, the first arc-shaped portion 21 of the insertion tube 20 and the first contact area 121 of the guide groove 12 are in a sliding fit by surface contact, and the second arc-shaped portion 22 of the insertion tube 20 and the second contact area 122 of the guide groove 12 are also in a sliding fit by surface contact. This makes the force on the insertion tube 20 in the guide groove 12 form a pair of arc-shaped enveloping contacts on the left and right sides, thereby making the insertion tube 20 only able to slide back and forth along the axial direction of the guide groove 12, eliminating the tendency of the insertion tube 20 to swing, sway, and rotate around the axis in the radial direction.

[0043] Furthermore, it should be noted that both the first arc-shaped portion 21 and the second arc-shaped portion 22 are outer peripheral wall portions of the insertion tube 20, and both the first contact area 121 and the second contact area 122 are groove wall portions of the guide groove 12. The first arc-shaped portion 21 and the first contact area 121 that are in contact with it have similar shapes and structures, and the second arc-shaped portion 22 and the second contact area 122 that are in contact with it have similar shapes and structures.

[0044] Since the two sides of the guide groove 12 simultaneously form a covering and limiting effect on the insertion tube 20, the insertion tube 20 is automatically held in the middle position within the guide groove 12, making it difficult to generate sufficient radial swing to cross the opening edge of the guide groove 12. Thus, without adding an extra cover or locking device, the insertion tube 20 is prevented from falling out within the slotted structure.

[0045] In one specific embodiment, when viewed along the radial direction of the lens tube 10, the cross-sectional shape of the first contact area 121 is arc-shaped or U-shaped.

[0046] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first contact surface has an arc-shaped transition or a U-shaped groove-shaped transition. This arc-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional shape matches the arc-shaped portion on the outer periphery of the insertion tube 20, so that after the insertion tube 20 is inserted into the guide groove 12, the arc-shaped outer wall of the insertion tube 20 can abut against the arc-shaped or U-shaped first contact area 121, forming a surface-to-surface or surface-to-arc guiding fit. At the same time, this U-shaped or arc-shaped transition can also retain a certain degree of coverage on the opening side of the guide groove 12, providing radial restraint for the insertion tube 20 and preventing the insertion tube 20 from falling out of the opening position of the guide groove 12 due to the slotted structure of the guide groove 12.

[0047] Furthermore, the first contact surface has a similar structure to the second contact surface, and the second contact surface is also configured with an arc-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional shape. It should be noted that the first contact surface, the second contact surface, the first arc-shaped portion 21, and the second arc-shaped portion 22 are all configured as smooth surfaces, allowing the smooth arc-shaped contact surface to form a near-perfect fit with the arc-shaped portion of the cannula 20. This evenly distributes the radial force on the cannula 20 onto a continuous contact surface, rather than concentrating it at a single point or along a single line. This prevents stress concentration from causing wear, scratches, or jamming of components when the cannula 20 and the endoscope tube 10 slide together.

[0048] In one specific embodiment, the radial depth of the first contact area 121 is greater than the radial depth of the first arcuate portion 21.

[0049] Specifically, in this application, the radial depth of the first contact area 121 refers to the distance by which the arc surface of the contact area is recessed into the inner side of the lens tube 10 relative to the edge of the guide groove 12 opening when observed from the central axis of the lens tube 10 along the radial direction of the guide groove 12 opening.

[0050] Furthermore, the radial depth of the first arc-shaped portion 21 refers to the distance by which the first arc-shaped portion 21 protrudes outward in the same radial direction relative to the outer contour of the insertor 20 body.

[0051] By setting the radial depth of the first contact area 121 to be greater than the radial depth of the first arc-shaped portion 21, the arc-shaped outer wall of the insertion tube 20 can be embedded in the arc-shaped contact area of ​​the endoscope tube 10, thereby improving the limiting ability of the insertion tube 20 in the slotting direction while maintaining axial sliding, and preventing it from coming out of the opening of the guide groove 12.

[0052] In one specific embodiment, the first arc-shaped portion 21 has a first abutting portion 211 and a second abutting portion 212, which are sequentially connected along the circumference of the insertion tube 20. The first contact area 121 has a third abutting portion 1211 and a fourth abutting portion 1212, wherein the third abutting portion 1211 is disposed on the side of the guide groove 12 near the hollow groove 11, and the fourth abutting portion 1212 is disposed on the side of the guide groove 12 away from the hollow groove 11.

[0053] When the insertion tube 20 is placed in the guide groove 12, the first abutting part 211 is in contact with the third abutting part 1211, the fourth abutting part 1212 is in contact with a portion of the second abutting part 212, and another portion of the second abutting part 212 is located in the hollow groove 11.

[0054] Specifically, a first abutting part 211 and a second abutting part 212 are sequentially formed along the circumference of the insertion tube 20, and the two are connected end to end to form a continuous outer circumferential arc surface; correspondingly, the first contact area 121 of the guide groove 12 is divided into a third abutting part 1211 provided on the side of the guide groove 12 near the hollow groove 11, and a fourth abutting part 1212 provided on the side of the guide groove 12 away from the hollow groove 11.

[0055] Furthermore, the fitting arrangement of the first abutment portion 211 and the third abutment portion 1211 creates a main force-bearing and guiding contact surface between the insertion tube 20 and the endoscope tube 10, near the inner side of the hollow groove 11. The fitting arrangement of the fourth abutment portion 1212 and a portion of the second abutment portion 212 creates an outer auxiliary support and guiding contact surface between the insertion tube 20 and the endoscope tube 10.

[0056] Furthermore, during assembly, the first abutment part 211 and the third abutment part 1211 form a main directional interface by surface contact; the fourth abutment part 1212 only contacts the inner part of the second abutment part 212 to form a holding limit on the opening side; while the remaining circumferential section of the second abutment part 212 does not contact the groove wall, but extends into the hollow groove 11 as a passage clearance area and transition area.

[0057] Furthermore, the unfitted portion of the second abutment 212 directly enters the hollow groove 11, reducing the contact area and sliding resistance while preserving an effective cross-section for the camera channel 33, water inlet channel 31, and water outlet channel 32, without encroaching on the working channel of the endoscope tube 10. The abutment of the first abutment 211 and the third abutment 1211 is located on the guide groove 12 near the hollow groove 11, forming a rigid axial guide reference, suppressing the tilting and rotation of the insertion tube 20 towards the hollow groove 11, and ensuring the stability of the optical axis of the endoscope assembly 30. The fourth abutment 1212 partially abuts the second abutment 212 on the opening side of the guide groove 12, providing necessary geometric grip to prevent outward flipping or dislodging, and maintaining a low-friction axial sliding feel.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, the cannula 20 further includes a connecting portion 23, one end of which is connected to the first arc-shaped portion 21, and the other end is connected to the second arc-shaped portion 22, and is integrally formed with the connecting portion 23, the first arc-shaped portion 21, and the second arc-shaped portion 22. The connecting portion 23 has a semi-arc cross-section, and its arc-shaped opening faces the hollow groove 11. A guide surface 231 is formed on the side of the connecting portion 23 near the hollow groove 11, and the guide surface 231 and the inner wall of the hollow groove 11 together form a transition area for fluid or channel arrangement.

[0059] Specifically, the insertion tube 20 connects the first arc-shaped portion 21 and the second arc-shaped portion 22 in the circumferential direction through a connecting portion 23 located on the inner side. Looking into the radial direction of the endoscope tube 10, the two sides of the insertion tube 20 are the first arc-shaped portion 21 and the second arc-shaped portion 22 that fit with the guide groove 12. The middle section of the insertion tube 20 has an inwardly opening semi-arc connecting portion 23 that connects the first arc-shaped portion 21 and the second arc-shaped portion 22 together, so that the entire side of the insertion tube 20 that fits with the guide groove 12 forms a composite cross section with two points of fit on both sides and a semi-arc relief in the middle section.

[0060] Furthermore, the semi-circular opening of the connecting part 23 is positioned towards the hollow groove 11, which allows the insertion tube 20 to reserve a concave clearance area extending axially on the inner side, creating optimal spatial conditions for the layout of the camera channel 33, water inlet channel 31 and water outlet channel 32 in the endoscope assembly 30 of this application.

[0061] It should be noted that the camera channel 33, as the core visual unit, requires the most stable support and the straightest path due to its internal containment of a precise image transmission bundle and optical fiber. Therefore, it is usually placed in the center or the thickest area of ​​the semi-circular connecting part 23 to ensure the maximum imaging field of view and that the image quality is not affected by distortion. The water inlet channel 31 and the water outlet channel 32 can be symmetrically or reasonably distributed within the semi-circular connecting part 23 and on both sides of the camera channel 33. The arched support effect provided by the semi-circular structure can effectively resist the pressure from external tissues, prevent the channel from being flattened, and ensure unobstructed liquid flow.

[0062] Furthermore, the semi-circular groove of the connecting part 23 faces the hollow groove 11, so that the concave clearance area of ​​the connecting part 23 also creates an additional, interference-free physical space for the operating ends such as the cutting edge of the instrument and the pliers head that work in the hollow groove 11.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, the endoscope tube 10 has an insertion surface 13. When viewed along the axial direction of the endoscope tube 10, the insertion surface 13 is located at the distal end of the endoscope tube 13. The insertion surface 13 extends obliquely from the front edge of the guide groove 12 toward the distal end of the endoscope tube 10, and the insertion surface 13 intersects with the end face 30a, so that the inclination direction of the insertion surface 13 is opposite to the inclination direction of the end face 30a of the endoscope assembly 30.

[0064] Specifically, the distal end of the endoscope tube 10 also has a specific insertion surface 13. When viewed along the axial direction of the endoscope tube 10, the structure of the insertion surface 13 is similar to the inclined end face 30a of the endoscope assembly 30, both extending from the front edge of the guide groove 12. However, the inclination direction of the insertion surface 13 is opposite to that of the end face 30a; the insertion surface 13 extends in an inclined direction toward the distal end of the endoscope tube 10, i.e., toward penetration into the patient's body. This causes the insertion surface 13 to intersect with the inclined end face 30a of the endoscope assembly 30, forming a compound wedge-shaped tip at the junction of the endoscope tube 10 and the endoscope assembly 30.

[0065] Furthermore, the inclined insertion surface 13 provides a wider field of view for the inclined end face 30a of the endoscope. This allows the end face 30a to form a complete observation window with the insertion surface 13 of the end face 10 before the endoscope is fully extended from the endoscope tube 10, enabling observation of the tissue separation process occurring at the tip. This transforms the traditional blind puncture into a controllable and visually guided process under direct endoscopic visualization. The intersection of the insertion surface 13 and the end face 30a creates a continuous inclined transition between the external inlet surface and the internal optical observation surface within the same local area, facilitating the flow of irrigation fluid, suction, and instrument tips as they slide into the target surgical area along these inclined surfaces.

[0066] In one specific embodiment, the endoscope tube 10 also has a chamfered portion 14, which connects the outer peripheral wall of the endoscope tube 10 with the groove wall of the guide groove 12. The chamfered portion (14) extends along the axial direction of the endoscope tube (10) and smoothly connects the arc surface of the outer peripheral wall of the endoscope tube 10 with the groove wall of the guide groove (12), which is used to guide the insertion tube (20) into the guide groove (12) and reduce the sharp edge at the opening of the guide groove (12).

[0067] Specifically, a rounded transition surface connects the original cylindrical outer wall of the endoscope tube 10 with the axially oriented guide groove 12, allowing the smooth outer cylindrical tube to gradually transition to the open section of the guide groove 12. This automatically guides the arc-shaped outer wall of the insertion tube 20 onto the correct fitting trajectory, reducing jamming, scratching, and localized wear caused by slight assembly deviations or micro-displacement of the endoscope tube 10 within the patient's body.

[0068] The chamfered portion 14 is specifically located at the transition position at the opening of the lens tube 10, and is continuously arranged along the axial direction of the lens tube 10. One end of it is smoothly connected to the arc surface of the outer peripheral wall of the lens tube 10, and the other end is smoothly connected to the groove wall of the guide groove 12, on the side closer to the first contact area 121. It should be noted that there are two chamfered portions, and the other chamfered portion 14 is located at the connection between the second contact area 122 and the arc surface of the outer peripheral wall of the lens tube 10 on the other side.

[0069] In minimally invasive spinal surgery, the outer wall of the endoscope tube 10 comes into direct contact with nerves, blood vessels, and soft tissues within the narrow surgical channel. By setting a chamfer to blunt the sharp edges, the outer wall of the endoscope tube 10 forms a smooth, continuous surface that is more tissue-friendly, fundamentally eliminating accidental cutting damage and improving the safety of the surgery.

[0070] Therefore, the spinal endoscope 100 provided above, by setting an axial guide groove 12 on the wall of the endoscope tube 10 that communicates with the hollow groove 11, and embedding a sliding cannula 20 in the guide groove 12, and then installing the endoscope assembly 30 in the cannula 20, so that the endoscope tube 10 remains in the original surgical channel in the patient's body, without the need to move the entire instrument back and forth; the operator only needs to push the cannula 20, so that the cannula 20 moves continuously back and forth along the axis of the endoscope tube 10 in the hollow groove 11, thereby quickly aligning the surgical field of view at different depths or angles.

[0071] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make improvements without departing from the inventive concept of this application, but these improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An endoscope for the spinal column, characterized in that The application relates to a kind of endoscope, comprising: A mirror tube, with hollow slot extending along the axial direction of the mirror tube, the tube wall of the mirror tube is provided with guide slot along the axial direction of the mirror tube, and the guide slot is communicated with the hollow slot; A cannula is embedded in the guide slot, and the outer peripheral wall of the cannula is in contact with and slidingly arranged on the slot wall of the guide slot; An endoscope assembly is arranged in the cannula.

2. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein The endoscope assembly has an end face, which is arranged at the end of the distal end of the cannula; When viewed along the axial direction of the mirror tube, the end face is formed by the end face of the guide slot extending obliquely from the proximal end of the mirror tube, and the end face forms an angle A with the plane perpendicular to the central axis of the mirror tube, and A satisfies the relationship: 0° < A < 90°.

3. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein The endoscope assembly includes a water inlet channel, a water outlet channel and a camera channel, the camera channel is located in the central region of the radial direction of the cannula, and the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are arranged on the circumferential sides of the camera channel respectively; Wherein, the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are communicated with the hollow slot, so that the hollow slot, the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel jointly constitute a fluid channel penetrating through the mirror tube.

4. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein The outer peripheral wall of the cannula has a first arc-shaped portion and a second arc-shaped portion arranged oppositely along the width direction of the cannula; The slot wall of the guide slot has a first contact area and a second contact area corresponding to the first arc-shaped portion and the second arc-shaped portion, and the first contact area and the second contact area are arranged oppositely; When the cannula is arranged in the guide slot, the first arc-shaped portion is in contact with and slidingly arranged on the first contact area, and the second arc-shaped portion is in contact with and slidingly arranged on the second contact area, so that the first contact and the first arc-shaped portion, and the second contact area and the second arc-shaped portion are in contact and guided on both sides, so that the cannula is limited to slide in the guide slot along the axial direction of the mirror tube.

5. The endoscope according to claim 4, wherein When viewed along the radial direction of the mirror tube, the cross-sectional shape of the first contact area is arc-shaped or U-shaped.

6. The endoscope according to claim 4, wherein The radial depth of the first contact area is greater than the radial depth of the first arc-shaped portion.

7. The endoscope according to claim 4, wherein The first arc-shaped portion has a first abutting portion and a second abutting portion, which are sequentially connected along the circumferential direction of the cannula; The first contact area has a third abutting portion and a fourth abutting portion, the third abutting portion is arranged on one side of the guide slot close to the hollow slot, and the fourth abutting portion is arranged on the other side of the guide slot away from the hollow slot; When the cannula is arranged in the guide slot, the first abutting portion is in contact with the third abutting portion, and the fourth abutting portion is in contact with part of the second abutting portion, and the other part of the second abutting portion is located in the hollow slot.

8. The endoscope according to claim 4, wherein The cannula also has a connecting portion, one end of the connecting portion is connected with the first arc-shaped portion, the other end is connected with the second arc-shaped portion, and the connecting portion, the first arc-shaped portion and the second arc-shaped portion are integrally formed; The connecting part has a semicircular cross section, and the semicircular opening of the connecting part faces the hollow groove.

9. The endoscope according to claim 2, wherein The mirror tube has a penetrating surface provided at the end of the distal end of the mirror tube; The penetrating surface is formed by extending from the front end of the guide groove to the distal end of the mirror tube in the axial direction of the mirror tube, and the penetrating surface intersects with the end surface, so that the inclination direction of the penetrating surface is opposite to the inclination direction of the end surface of the endoscope assembly.

10. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein The mirror tube also has a chamfered portion connecting the outer peripheral wall of the mirror tube and the groove wall of the guide groove, and the chamfered portion extends in the axial direction of the mirror tube.

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