Cable cold shrinkage joint interface breakdown test equipment, system and method in multiple environments

Abstract

The invention provides a device, a system and a method for testing interface breakdown of a cable cold contraction joint in multiple environments. The device for testing interface breakdown of the cable cold contraction joint in the multiple environments comprises a pressure loading assembly, a shell, a plurality of electrode parts, a plurality of sensor assemblies and an environment regulation and control assembly, the shell comprises an upper cover and a test shell; the test shell and the upper cover are oppositely closed to form an internally closed cavity; the pressure loading assembly comprises a pressure applying assembly and a sample table, and the pressure applying assembly is nested on the upper cover in a sliding manner; the sample table is arranged in the test shell; the plurality of electrode pieces are connected to the test shell in a nested manner; the plurality of sensor assemblies are connected to the test shell in a nested manner; the plurality of environment regulation and control assemblies are arranged in the test shell. Therefore, system measurement can be carried out on the interface breakdown strength of different insulating materials of the cable cold contraction joint under the conditions of various gas media, different air pressures, adjustable interface roughness and interface pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of insulation testing and evaluation technology for high-voltage electrical equipment, and in particular to a device, system and method for testing the interface breakdown of cable cold shrink joints under multiple environments. Background Technology

[0002] Interfacial breakdown is a significant form of insulation failure during the operation of high-voltage electrical equipment, particularly at interfaces where different insulating materials (such as cross-linked polyethylene, ethylene propylene rubber, or liquid silicone rubber) meet. The electric field distribution at the interface is complex and easily affected by various factors, including interface morphology, contact pressure, and gaseous medium. Its insulation performance directly impacts the safe and reliable operation of cable accessories. Existing research indicates a relationship between interface breakdown voltage and interface resistivity under normal air temperature conditions, and some scholars have attempted to theoretically explain the interface breakdown phenomenon based on Pashin's law. However, Pashin's law is primarily established for uniform air gap discharge, and its applicability is uncertain under varying gas types, pressure conditions, and significant differences in interface structure.

[0003] Existing testing equipment often only allows for testing under single gas, fixed pressure, or limited interface conditions, making it difficult to systematically and controllably study the impact of multi-factor coupling conditions on interface breakdown. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device, system and method, which can systematically measure the interface breakdown strength of different insulation materials of cable cold shrink joints under various gas media, different gas pressure conditions, and adjustable interface roughness and interface pressure.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device under multiple environments, including: a pressure loading component, a housing, multiple electrode components, multiple sensor components, and an environmental control component; The housing includes a top cover and a test housing; the test housing and the top cover are fitted together to form an internally sealed cavity; The pressure loading assembly includes a pressure application component and a sample stage. The pressure application component is slidably nested in the upper cover and is used to apply pressure to the sample to be tested. The sample stage is disposed inside the test housing and is used to hold the sample to be tested. The plurality of electrodes are nested and connected to the test housing, and the plurality of electrodes penetrate the side wall of the test housing and extend into the cavity. The plurality of electrodes are used to energize the sample to be tested. The plurality of sensor components are nested and connected to the test housing. The plurality of sensor components are disposed on the side wall of the test housing and extend into the cavity. The plurality of sensor components are used to acquire at least one of pressure parameters, temperature parameters, or humidity parameters. The plurality of environmental control components are disposed on the test housing, and are disposed on the side wall of the test housing, extending into the cavity. The plurality of environmental control components are used to inject or discharge gas into the housing.

[0006] In one possible embodiment, a seal is provided between the pressure applying component and the top cover; the top cover has a first through hole for nesting the pressure applying component.

[0007] In one possible embodiment, the pressure application assembly includes a pressure rod, which is a cylindrical rod perpendicular to the top cover. A first end of the pressure rod is located in the cavity of the test housing, and a second end of the pressure rod is located outside the test housing for connecting to a pressure application device. The pressure application device is used to apply pressure to the pressure rod, so that the sample to be tested is subjected to the pressure. The sample stage is a cylindrical component.

[0008] In one possible embodiment, the sidewall of the test housing is provided with a plurality of first-type through channels, the first-type through channels connecting the outside of the test housing and the cavity, and a single electrode is inserted into the test housing through the single first-type through channel; the first end of the electrode is used to contact the sample to be tested, the second end of the electrode is used to connect to different excitation sources, the first end of the electrode is the part located inside the test housing, and the second end of the electrode is the part located outside the test housing.

[0009] In one possible embodiment, the sidewall of the test housing is provided with a plurality of second-type through channels, the second-type through channels connecting the outside of the test housing and the cavity, and a single sensor assembly is inserted into the test housing through a single second-type through channel; the sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor and / or a humidity sensor and / or a pressure sensor.

[0010] In one possible embodiment, the sidewall of the test housing is provided with multiple third-type through channels, which connect the outside of the test housing to the cavity. A single environmental control component is inserted into the test housing through a single third-type through channel. The multiple environmental control components include multiple air valves, which are externally connected to different air pumps. The multiple third-type through channels are set at different heights.

[0011] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test system, comprising: a multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device as described in any one of the first aspects, an external input device, a data acquisition device, and a host computer; The data acquisition device is used to acquire real-time data generated by the cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device under multiple environments, and transmit the real-time data to the host computer. The external input device includes at least one of the pressure application device, the excitation source, or the air pump; The host computer is used to control the external input device and / or the cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device under multiple environments based on the real-time data.

[0012] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a method for testing the interface breakdown of cable cold-shrink joints under multiple environments, comprising: conducting tests using the cable cold-shrink joint interface breakdown testing system described in the second aspect; the test steps include: Initialize the test environment, the initialization process including determining test environment parameters and calibrating test stress parameters; The multiple environmental control components are controlled based on the test environment parameters and the target environment parameters; Based on the calibrated test pressure parameters and the target pressure parameters, the pressure loading component is controlled to apply pressure to the sample under test. The sample to be tested was subjected to a stepped voltage breakdown test; Receive real-time sensor data from the data acquisition device until a breakdown voltage is detected.

[0013] In one possible embodiment, the test sample includes a first test sample and a second test sample; the testing step further includes: placing the test sample on the sample stage, comprising: The first test sample is placed below the pressure application component, and the second test sample is placed above the sample stage, with the first test sample and the second test sample aligned vertically. Adjust the positions of the electrode and the first and second test samples so that the electrode is located on both sides of the first and second test samples.

[0014] Implementing the embodiments of this application has the following beneficial effects: In this embodiment, the cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment under multiple environments includes: a pressure loading component, a housing, multiple electrodes, multiple sensor components, and an environmental control component; the housing includes a top cover and a test housing; the test housing and the top cover are fitted together to form an internally sealed cavity; the pressure loading component includes a pressure application component and a sample stage, the pressure application component is slidably nested in the top cover, and the pressure application component is used to apply pressure to the sample to be tested; the sample stage is disposed inside the test housing and is used to carry the sample to be tested; the multiple electrodes are nested and connected. In the test housing, multiple electrodes penetrate the sidewall of the test housing and extend into the cavity, and are used to energize the sample under test. Multiple sensor assemblies are nested and connected to the test housing, and are disposed on the sidewall of the test housing, extending into the cavity. These sensor assemblies are used to acquire at least one of pressure, temperature, or humidity parameters. Multiple environmental control components are disposed in the test housing, and are disposed on the sidewall of the test housing, extending into the cavity. These environmental control components are used to inject or expel gas into the housing. Thus, a systematic measurement of the interfacial breakdown strength of different insulation materials in cable cold-shrink joints can be performed under various gas media, different gas pressure conditions, and adjustable interface roughness and interface pressure. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the background art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention or the background art will be described below.

[0016] Figure 1 This is an overall effect diagram of a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a front view of a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a side view of a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a top view of a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is an overall diagram of a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device proposed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7This is a flowchart illustrating a method for testing the interface breakdown of a cable cold shrink joint under multiple environments, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8a This is an experimental schematic diagram of the first type of multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8b This is an experimental schematic diagram of the second type of cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a host computer provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules is not limited to the listed steps or modules, but may optionally include steps or modules not listed, or may optionally include other steps or modules inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0019] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, result, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0020] Interfacial breakdown is a significant form of insulation failure during the operation of high-voltage electrical equipment, particularly at interfaces where different insulating materials (such as cross-linked polyethylene, ethylene propylene rubber, or liquid silicone rubber) meet. The electric field distribution at the interface is complex and easily affected by various factors, including interface morphology, contact pressure, and gas medium. Its insulation performance directly impacts the safe and reliable operation of cable accessories. Existing research indicates a relationship between interface breakdown voltage and interface resistivity under ambient air conditions, and some scholars have attempted to theoretically explain the interface breakdown phenomenon based on Pashin's law. However, Pashin's law is primarily established for uniform air gap discharge, and its applicability is uncertain under varying gas types, pressure conditions, and interface structures. Existing testing equipment often only allows testing under single gas, fixed pressure, or limited interface conditions, making it difficult to systematically and controllably study the influence of multi-factor coupling conditions on interface breakdown.

[0021] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device, system, and method, which can systematically measure the interface breakdown strength of different insulation materials in cable cold shrink joints under various gas media, different gas pressure conditions, and adjustable interface roughness and interface pressure.

[0022] This application belongs to the field of insulation testing and evaluation technology for high-voltage electrical equipment, specifically relating to a testing device for testing the breakdown strength of contact interfaces of different insulating materials in cable cold-shrink joints and other cable accessories under various gas media, different gas pressures, and controllable interface conditions. This invention can be widely applied in fields such as insulation performance evaluation of power cable accessories, insulation material pairing research, interface optimization design, and high-voltage testing method development. It is suitable for the manufacturing and testing of power transmission and distribution systems, ultra-high-voltage transmission projects, rail transit power supply systems, and other high-voltage equipment requiring highly reliable insulation interfaces. The technical solutions and beneficial effects involved in the embodiments of this application are described below.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is an overall effect diagram of a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown in the figure. Figure 1 As shown, this application embodiment provides a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device under multiple environments, including: a pressure loading component 1, a housing 2, multiple electrode components 3, multiple sensor components 4, and an environmental control component 5; The housing 2 includes a top cover 21 and a test housing 22; the test housing 22 and the top cover 21 are fitted together to form an internally sealed cavity 23; the pressure loading assembly 1 includes a pressure application assembly 11 and a sample stage 12, the pressure application assembly 11 is slidably nested in the top cover 21, and the pressure application assembly 11 is used to apply pressure to the sample to be tested; the sample stage 12 is disposed inside the test housing 22 and is used to carry the sample to be tested; the plurality of electrodes 3 are nested and connected to the test housing 22, and the plurality of electrodes 3 penetrate the side wall of the test housing 22 and extend into the cavity. 23, the plurality of electrode elements 3 are used to energize the sample to be tested; the plurality of sensor components 4 are nested and connected to the test housing 22, the plurality of sensor components 4 are disposed on the side wall of the test housing 22 and extend into the cavity 23, the plurality of sensor components 4 are used to acquire at least one of pressure parameters, temperature parameters or humidity parameters; the plurality of environmental control components 5 are disposed on the test housing 22, the plurality of environmental control components 5 are disposed on the side wall of the test housing 22 and extend into the cavity 23, the plurality of environmental control components 5 are used to inject or discharge gas into the housing.

[0024] The upper cover 21 can be separated from the test housing 22. When the upper cover 21 and the test housing 22 are assembled together, a sealed cavity 23 is formed inside. This cavity 23 can be used to contain gas, liquid, solid and other equipment.

[0025] Among them, the pressure application component 11 is a movable part that can slide in the upper cover 21. The pressure application component 11 is sealed but not fixed between the upper cover 21.

[0026] The test housing 22 is sealed to multiple electrode components 3, multiple sensor assemblies 4, and multiple environmental control components 5. The electrode components 3 are used to apply voltage to the sample under test; the environmental control components 5 are used to inject or expel gas into the cavity 23, which can have different physical properties to change the temperature, pressure, humidity, etc., within the cavity 23; the sensor assemblies 4 are used to acquire specific parameters of the current test environment and the specific value of the breakdown voltage under the current test environment. The sample stage 12 is placed on the bottom surface inside the test housing 22. Its position can be adjusted and it can be disassembled and positioned to meet different testing needs.

[0027] Among them, the test housing 22 and the top cover 21 in the housing 2 are made of PVC material, preferably polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC) material, to meet the strength and observation requirements; the housing 2 can be a cylindrical structure, preferably, the outer diameter of the test housing 22 is 700mm, the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter is 50mm, that is, the wall thickness of the test housing 22 is 50mm.

[0028] As can be seen, in this embodiment, by setting up environmental control components and pressure loading components to dynamically control the test environment of the sample under test, there is no need to rebuild the experimental test environment, making it more convenient to controllably study the impact of multi-factor coupling conditions on the interface breakdown of the sample under test.

[0029] Please see Figures 2-5 , Figure 2 This is a front view of a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a side view of a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This is a top view of a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is an overall diagram of a cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] In one possible embodiment, a seal 24 is provided between the pressure application component 11 and the upper cover 21; the upper cover 21 has a first through hole 25 for nesting the pressure application component 11.

[0031] The pressure application component 11 penetrates the first through hole 25 of the upper cover 21; the sealing element 24 can be a sealing ring, which is fixed to the hole wall of the first through hole 25 of the upper cover 21. When the pressure application component 11 is embedded in the sealing element 24, the strength and sealing performance of the housing 2 can withstand 0.6 bar negative pressure and 0.3 bar positive pressure.

[0032] In one possible embodiment, please refer to Figures 2-5 The pressure application assembly 11 includes a pressure rod 111, which is a cylindrical rod and is perpendicular to the upper cover 21. The first end of the pressure rod 111 is located in the cavity 23 of the test housing, and the second end of the pressure rod 111 is located outside the test housing 22 for connecting to a pressure application device. The pressure application device is used to apply pressure to the pressure rod 111 so that the sample to be tested is subjected to the pressure. The sample stage 12 is a cylindrical component.

[0033] Optionally, the second end of the pressure rod 111 may be in the shape of a flat cylindrical body for receiving pressure from the pressure application device.

[0034] In one possible embodiment, please refer to Figures 2-5 , Figure 8a and Figure 8b , Figure 8aThis is an experimental schematic diagram of the first type of multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 8b This is an experimental schematic diagram of the second type of multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment provided in the embodiments of this application. The side wall of the test housing 22 is provided with multiple first-type through channels. The first-type through channels connect the outside of the test housing and the cavity 23. A single electrode 3 is inserted into the test housing 22 through the single first-type through channel. The first end of the electrode 3 is used to contact the sample to be tested, and the second end of the electrode 3 is used to connect to different excitation sources. The first end of the electrode 3 is the part located inside the test housing 22, and the second end of the electrode 3 is the part located outside the test housing 22.

[0035] The first type of through channel includes a first channel and a second channel. The electrode 3 includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first channel and the second channel are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the test housing 22. The first electrode is inserted into the first channel and the second electrode is inserted into the second channel.

[0036] The second end of electrode 3 is connected to various excitation sources, such as an external adjustable high-voltage excitation source, specifically AC, DC, or pulse power. Electrode 3 can be a copper threaded tube electrode.

[0037] Among them, the electrode 3 and the metal electrode attached to the surface of the sample stage 12 form an electric field.

[0038] The electrode assembly may include an electrode structure device 31 and an electrode sheet 32. The electrode sheet 32 ​​is used to connect the sample to be tested and the electrode structure device 31, and the electrode sheet 32 ​​and the electrode structure device 31 are connected by a wire. The electrode sheet 32 ​​may be a 40μm copper foil electrode, which is placed between the samples to conduct electricity, forming an interface electrode pair of the sample to ensure that the force and current applied to the sample are consistent. Therefore, in this embodiment, by setting the electrode assembly 3 to connect to different excitation sources, the sample to be tested can be dynamically excited by different excitation sources without having to rebuild the experimental testing environment. This makes it more convenient to controllably study the influence of multi-factor coupling conditions on the interface breakdown of the sample to be tested.

[0039] In one possible embodiment, please refer to Figures 2-5 The test housing 22 has a plurality of second-type through channels on its side wall. The second-type through channels connect the outside of the test housing 22 to the cavity 23. A single sensor assembly 4 is inserted into the test housing 22 through a single second-type through channel. The sensor assembly 4 includes a temperature sensor and / or a humidity sensor and / or a pressure sensor.

[0040] The second type of through-channel includes a third channel and a fourth channel. The third channel is used to insert a temperature sensor and / or a humidity sensor, wherein the temperature sensor and humidity sensor can be integrated into one unit. The fourth channel is used to insert a pressure sensor. Preferably, the pressure sensor can be configured to 0-0.2 MPa, and the temperature and humidity sensor can be configured to 0-100% RH. This allows for precise acquisition of the temperature and humidity conditions inside the cavity 23, enabling precise control of test conditions such as 1.0, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4 bar, and 0%, 50%, 90% RH.

[0041] In one possible embodiment, please refer to Figures 2-5 The test housing 22 has multiple third-type through channels on its side wall, which connect the test housing 22 to the outside and the cavity 23. A single environmental control component 5 is inserted into the test housing 22 through a single third-type through channel. The multiple environmental control components 5 include multiple air valves, which are connected to different air pumps. The multiple third-type through channels are set at different heights.

[0042] The third type of through channel includes a fifth channel and a sixth channel, and multiple environmental control components 5 include a first environmental control component and a second environmental control component; the fifth channel is used to insert the first environmental control component, and the sixth channel is used to insert the second environmental control component; the first environmental control component and the second environmental control component can be gas valves, and the gas valves can be ball valves.

[0043] The fifth and sixth channels can be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the test housing 22 (asymmetrically arranged vertically); in some cases, they can also be asymmetrically arranged on both sides of the test housing 22 (asymmetrically arranged vertically).

[0044] Specifically, the plurality of air valves includes a first air valve and a second air valve, with the first air valve positioned higher than the second air valve. If the gas density in the cavity is higher than that of the gas to be injected, gas injection is performed through the first air valve, and gas discharge is performed through the second air valve. Conversely, if the gas density in the cavity is lower than that of the gas to be injected, gas injection is performed through the second air valve, and gas discharge is performed through the first air valve. That is, the first environmental control component is the first air valve, and the second environmental control component is the second air valve.

[0045] The first and second environmental control components can be connected to both an air pump and a vacuum pump. Specifically, they can be connected to a vacuum pump. The air pump can inject gases such as air, nitrogen (≥99%), and neon (≥99%), and in some cases, helium or sulfur hexafluoride. The vacuum pump can be used to extract air from cavity 23, creating a vacuum.

[0046] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test system provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test system includes any part of the multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment, an external input device, a data acquisition device, and a host computer; the data acquisition device is used to acquire real-time data generated by the multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment and transmit the real-time data to the host computer; the external input device includes at least one of the pressure application device, the excitation source, or the air pump; the host computer is used to control the external input device and / or the multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment based on the real-time data.

[0047] The data acquisition device or host computer is equipped with a breakdown criterion module, which includes a criterion module for judging at least one of current step, voltage drop, and photoacoustic sensing.

[0048] The data acquisition device is connected to the multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment to collect various real-time sensor data generated by the test equipment during operation and transmit the collected real-time data to the host computer. External input devices, including at least one of a pressure application device, excitation source, or air pump, and in some cases a vacuum pump, are used to provide the necessary mechanical, electrical, or environmental excitation to the test system. The host computer, as the core control and processing unit of the system, is configured to perform real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of the external input devices and / or the multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment based on the real-time data transmitted from the data acquisition device, thereby accurately executing the test process and obtaining reliable test results.

[0049] It is evident that this system enables the systematic measurement of the interfacial breakdown strength of different insulation materials in cable cold shrink joints under various gas media, different gas pressure conditions, and adjustable interfacial roughness and pressure.

[0050] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating a multi-environment cable cold-shrink joint interface breakdown test method provided in an embodiment of this application. The multi-environment cable cold-shrink joint interface breakdown test method includes: performing a test using a multi-environment cable cold-shrink joint interface breakdown test system; such as... Figure 7 As shown, the test steps include: S710, Initialize the test environment. The initialization process includes determining the test environment parameters and calibrating the test pressure parameters.

[0051] This step is the preliminary experimental stage, establishing accurate and controllable baseline conditions for formal testing. Determining the test environment parameters refers to verifying and calibrating the sealing performance and humidity regulation capabilities of cavity 23.

[0052] Specifically, the sealing verification process can be performed by maintaining negative pressure (0.2 bar) and positive pressure (1.2 bar) for 30 minutes each, confirming that the pressure change Δp ≤ 1%, ensuring that cavity 23 is reliably sealed throughout the experimental pressure range. The humidity regulation capability calibration process can be performed by adding a desiccant or introducing dry gas for dehumidification, or by introducing a humidifying liquid or air for humidification. Humidification can be achieved using a saturated K2SO4 solution. Data is collected by sensor components and transmitted to a host computer to determine the relative humidity (RH) change curve and the time to reach the target value, thereby quantifying the rate and stability of humidity regulation.

[0053] The calibration test pressure parameter refers to the calibration of the interfacial pressure of the sample under test. This is achieved by placing a stress testing plate at the interface of the sample under test, and, without power, gradually rotating the pressure loading component to different scales (1–n), starting from the component bearing only its own weight, and recording the corresponding pressure readings. This establishes a calibration curve of "pressure loading component value - actual interfacial pressure".

[0054] The test sample includes a first test sample and a second test sample; the interface of the test sample is the contact interface between the first test sample and the second test sample.

[0055] S720 controls the multiple environmental control components based on the test environment parameters and target environment parameters.

[0056] The target environmental parameters refer to the relative humidity (RH) and ambient gas composition preset in the experimental scheme. After the sample to be tested is loaded, the environmental control component injects a specific gas (such as dry nitrogen) for a specific duration through the gas valve, and in some cases, discharges the same gas (such as dry nitrogen) for a specific duration through the gas valve. In other cases, it evacuates the cavity through the gas valve to achieve a vacuum effect, ensuring that the gas in the test chamber is completely replaced with the target gas. The gas pressure in the test chamber can be adjusted and maintained to the target value through a pressure sensor.

[0057] S730, based on the calibration test pressure parameters and target pressure parameters, controls the pressure loading component to apply pressure to the sample to be tested.

[0058] The calibration test pressure parameter is the calibration curve established in S710, which is the "pressure loading component value - actual interface pressure". The target pressure parameter refers to the specific interface pressure value required for this test.

[0059] Specifically, the process may involve waiting for the relative humidity inside the cavity to stabilize within a certain range of the target value, then adjusting the pressure loading component to the corresponding target pressure according to the calibration curve, thereby applying precise interfacial pressure to the aligned sample to be tested, and maintaining this pressure for a preset time to ensure stable contact.

[0060] S740, perform a stepped voltage breakdown test on the sample to be tested.

[0061] One approach is to use a linear boost method to control the voltage stepwise, applying a stepwise voltage to the interface and gradually measuring the breakdown voltage until the sample fails.

[0062] Optionally, a continuously increasing voltage is applied to the electrodes at a boost rate of 500V / s.

[0063] S750 receives real-time sensing data from the data acquisition device until a breakdown voltage is detected.

[0064] The "real-time sensor data" primarily includes data from voltage and current sensors, while simultaneously recording environmental data (such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, and pressure) to ensure the integrity of the test data structure. The system synchronously acquires and records the voltage and current change curves over time (or as voltage increases). When a sudden and sharp increase in current is detected, indicating a breakdown, the system immediately records the breakdown voltage value and simultaneously cuts off the power supply. After a breakdown, a grounding rod is used to safely discharge the electrodes to protect the equipment and personnel.

[0065] It should be noted that the steps also include an operator or a robotic arm (controlled by a host computer) placing the test sample on the sample stage and / or adhering it to the bottom of the pressure application component.

[0066] Please refer to Figure 8a , Figure 8aThis is an experimental schematic diagram of the first multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in this application embodiment. The electrode components include an electrode structure device and an electrode sheet. The electrode sheet is used to connect the sample to be tested and the electrode structure device, and the electrode sheet and the electrode structure device are connected by a wire. Optionally, if there is a humidity adjustment requirement in this test, placing the test sample on the sample stage includes: bonding the first sample to be tested to the lower part of the pressure application component, placing or bonding the second sample to be tested to the upper part of the sample stage, aligning the first sample to be tested and the second sample to be tested vertically, adjusting the height of the pressure application component to create a gap between the first sample to be tested and the second sample to be tested; adjusting the position of the electrode components and the first and second samples to be tested, so that the electrode sheet is located between the first sample to be tested and the second sample to be tested, thereby achieving voltage applied to the interface between the first sample to be tested and the second sample to be tested by applying pressure to the electrode. It should be noted that the material used in the above bonding process can be an adhesive substance that does not damage the material, and preferably an adhesive substance that can be reused; the purpose of the above operation of creating a gap at the starting position of the first test sample and the second test sample is to make the interface moist.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 8b , Figure 8b This is an experimental schematic diagram of the second type of multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment provided in the embodiments of this application. Optionally, if there is no humidity adjustment requirement in this test, the step of placing the test sample on the sample stage includes: stacking the first test sample and the second test sample on the sample stage, aligning the first test sample and the second test sample in the vertical direction, adjusting the position of the electrode and the first test sample and the second test sample so that the electrode sheet is located between the first test sample and the second test sample, thereby realizing the application of voltage to the interface of the first test sample and the second test sample by applying pressure to the electrode; adjusting the position of the sample stage to align with the pressure application component.

[0068] This step corresponds to the "sample loading" process in the formal experiment, specifically deploying the test sample and electrodes. The first test sample refers to the sample fixed below the pressure application component; the second test sample refers to the sample placed on the sample stage. Vertical alignment involves lifting the pressure application component, which holds the first test sample, using an external device to precisely align it vertically with the second test sample on the sample stage below, maintaining a clear gap to simulate actual interface conditions or ensure a uniform electric field. Arrow-shaped copper foil electrodes are then placed on either side of the first and second test samples to apply the test voltage and measure the current.

[0069] For example, in the preliminary experimental stage, the sealing performance was first verified: after sealing the shell, a vacuum was drawn to 0.2 bar and maintained for 30 minutes, during which the internal pressure change was monitored. If the pressure rise did not exceed 1% of the initial value, the negative pressure seal was deemed qualified. Subsequently, gas was introduced into the container to make its internal positive pressure reach 1.2 bar, and this was maintained for another 30 minutes. If the pressure drop also did not exceed 1%, the container was confirmed to have reliable sealing performance across the entire pressure range. Then, the humidity regulation capability was calibrated. In dehumidification mode, a desiccant was placed in the container and dry nitrogen gas with a dew point not higher than -40°C was introduced for 5 minutes, and the dynamic change of relative humidity inside the container was recorded. In humidification mode, a saturated potassium sulfate solution was placed to provide a relative humidity environment of approximately 98%, and 20 mL of deionized water was injected. The time curve required for the humidity inside the container to rise from the initial state to the target relative humidity was recorded. Next, interface pressure calibration is performed. A stress test plate is placed at the test interface. First, with no power on, only the weight of the load mechanism is applied, and the value of the bottom pressure sensor is read. Then, the pressure loading component is gradually rotated to the 1 to n scale positions, and the pressure reading corresponding to each scale is recorded, thereby establishing the scale. A pressure calibration curve is generated, which will serve as the basis for setting the interface pressure in subsequent formal experiments. Next, sample positioning is performed, with markings made at the corresponding positions on the sample stage and pressure loading components to ensure the sample is accurately placed in the predetermined area, guaranteeing uniform stress during testing. Then, pressure pre-calibration is conducted. Based on real-time feedback from the pressure sensor, the required vacuum time parameters for achieving different pressure conditions set for the formal experiment are determined, thus establishing a time control benchmark for pressure regulation.

[0070] In the formal experimental phase, the second test sample (which can be SIR or EPDM) is placed at the preset mark on the sample stage, and copper foil electrodes cut into arrow shapes are arranged on both sides of it. The first test sample (which can be a cross-linked polyethylene XLPE sample) is fixed to the corresponding marked position below the pressure application component using a peelable adhesive. The pressure application component is then lifted using an external lifting device to create a clear gap between the two types of samples. Subsequently, based on the humidity conditions designed for the experiment and the calibration results from the pre-experiment phase, appropriate humidity conditioning reagents are placed in the container to achieve the target humidity environment. After completing the reagent arrangement, the experimental chamber door is closed and ensured to be tightly sealed. Then, gas replacement is performed to determine the density of the gas in the current cavity. Based on the density, the injection and discharge valves are adjusted. For example, experimental gas is introduced from the bottom and discharged from the top valve. The ventilation time is set to 1.5 times the ratio of the container volume to the gas flow rate to ensure that the internal gas is fully replaced. Afterward, all valves are closed. Then, open the top valve and connect the vacuum pump. Based on the experimentally set pressure conditions and the pressure adjustment time parameters obtained in the pre-experiment, start the vacuum pump and observe the pressure sensor readings to precisely adjust the internal pressure of the container to the target value. Once the relative humidity fluctuation inside the container stabilizes within ±2%, adjust the pressure application component to apply pressure to the target interface pressure according to the calibration curve obtained in the pre-experiment, and maintain this pressure condition for 5 minutes. Afterward, conduct the pressure boosting test phase, applying voltage at a rate of 500 volts per second, monitoring and recording the sample's breakdown voltage and current characteristics during the breakdown process in real time. Immediately after breakdown, disconnect the power supply and use a grounding rod to safely discharge the electrodes. During the experiment, the system synchronously collects, names, and stores various electrical parameter data. After completing a single test, discharge the system using the grounding rod, disconnect all power and connection lines, lift the pressure application component to remove the tested sample, replace with a new sample, and repeat the above steps to achieve continuous, batch testing.

[0071] As can be seen, in this embodiment, by initializing the test environment, the initialization process includes determining test environment parameters and calibrating test pressure parameters; placing the test sample on the sample stage; controlling the multiple environmental control components based on the test environment parameters and target environment parameters; controlling the pressure loading component to apply pressure to the sample under test based on the calibrated test pressure parameters and target pressure parameters; performing a stepped voltage breakdown test on the sample under test; and receiving real-time sensor data from the data acquisition device until a breakdown voltage is detected. This enables precise control of multiple key environmental parameters during the material electrical performance testing process, thereby effectively improving the accuracy and comparability of the test results.

[0072] See Figure 9 , Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of a multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device 900 under multiple environments includes an initialization unit 910, an environment control unit 920, a pressure control unit 930, a voltage control unit 940, and a data acquisition unit 950. The initialization unit 910 initializes the test environment, including determining test environment parameters and calibrating test pressure parameters. The environment control unit 920 controls the multiple environment control components based on the test environment parameters and target environment parameters. The pressure control unit 930 controls the pressure loading component to apply pressure to the sample under test based on the calibrated test pressure parameters and target pressure parameters. The voltage control unit 940 performs a stepped voltage breakdown test on the sample under test. The data acquisition unit 950 receives real-time sensor data from the data acquisition device until a breakdown voltage is detected.

[0073] In specific implementations, the initialization unit 910, environmental control unit 920, pressure control unit 930, voltage control unit 940, and data acquisition unit 950 in this application embodiment can also execute other implementation methods described in the multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test method of this application embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0074] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a host computer according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 10 As shown, the host computer 1000 includes a processor 1010, a memory 1020, a communication interface 1030, and one or more programs 1021. The one or more programs 1021 are stored in the memory 1020 and configured to be executed by the processor 1010. The processor 1010, the memory 1020, and the communication interface 1030 are interconnected and perform communication between them.

[0075] The memory 1020 can be a volatile memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) or a non-volatile memory such as a hard disk drive (HDD). The memory 1020 stores a set of executable program code, and the processor 1010 calls one or more programs 1021 stored in the memory 1020 to execute some or all of the steps of any multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test method described in the above embodiments.

[0076] The host computer 1000 may include smartphones (such as Android phones, iOS phones, Windows Phones, etc.), tablet computers, PDAs, servers, laptops, mobile Internet devices (MIDs), etc. The above are just examples and not an exhaustive list, including but not limited to the above devices.

[0077] This application embodiment also provides a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium stores a computer program for electronic data exchange, the computer program causing a computer to perform some or all of the steps of any of the methods described in the above embodiments of the cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test method under multiple environments, wherein the computer includes a host computer.

[0078] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program operable to cause a computer to perform some or all of the steps of any of the methods described in the above method embodiments. The computer program product may be a software installation package, and the computer may include a host computer.

[0079] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0080] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0081] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed device can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of the units described above is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical or other forms.

[0082] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0083] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0084] If the integrated units described above are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage device (CMD). Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a memory and includes several instructions to cause a computer electronic device (which may be a personal computer, electronic device, or network electronic device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned memory includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0085] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage device, which may include: a flash drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, etc.

[0086] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-environment cable cold-shrink joint interface breakdown test device, characterized in that, include: Pressure loading assembly, housing, multiple electrode components, multiple sensor assemblies, environmental control assembly; The housing includes a top cover and a test housing; The test housing and the top cover fit together to form an internally sealed cavity; The pressure loading assembly includes a pressure application component and a sample stage. The pressure application component is slidably nested in the upper cover and is used to apply pressure to the sample to be tested. The sample stage is disposed inside the test housing and is used to hold the sample to be tested. The plurality of electrodes are nested and connected to the test housing, and the plurality of electrodes penetrate the side wall of the test housing and extend into the cavity. The plurality of electrodes are used to energize the sample to be tested. The plurality of sensor components are nested and connected to the test housing. The plurality of sensor components are disposed on the side wall of the test housing and extend into the cavity. The plurality of sensor components are used to acquire at least one of pressure parameters, temperature parameters, or humidity parameters. The plurality of environmental control components are disposed on the test housing, and are disposed on the side wall of the test housing, extending into the cavity. The plurality of environmental control components are used to inject or discharge gas into the housing.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A seal is provided between the pressure application component and the upper cover; the upper cover has a first through hole for nesting the pressure application component.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure application assembly includes a pressure rod, which is a cylindrical rod perpendicular to the top cover. The first end of the pressure rod is located in the cavity of the test housing, and the second end of the pressure rod is located outside the test housing for connecting to a pressure application device. The pressure application device is used to apply pressure to the pressure rod, so that the sample to be tested is subjected to the pressure. The sample stage is a cylindrical component.

4. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The sidewall of the test housing is provided with multiple first-type through channels, which connect the outside of the test housing to the cavity. A single electrode is inserted into the test housing through the single first-type through channel. The first end of the electrode is used to contact the sample to be tested, and the second end of the electrode is used to connect to different excitation sources. The first end of the electrode is the part located inside the test housing, and the second end of the electrode is the part located outside the test housing.

5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The sidewall of the test housing is provided with a plurality of second-type through channels, which connect the outside of the test housing to the cavity. A single sensor assembly is inserted into the test housing through a single second-type through channel. The sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor and / or a humidity sensor and / or a pressure sensor.

6. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The test housing has multiple third-type through channels on its side wall, which connect the outside of the test housing to the cavity. A single environmental control component is inserted into the test housing through a single third-type through channel. The multiple environmental control components include multiple air valves, which are connected to different air pumps. The multiple third-type through channels are set at different heights.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plurality of air valves includes a first air valve and a second air valve, wherein the position of the first air valve is higher than the position of the second air valve; If the gas density in the cavity is higher than that of the gas to be injected, then the gas injection operation is performed through the first gas valve, and the gas discharge operation is performed through the second gas valve. If the gas density in the cavity is lower than that of the gas to be injected, gas injection is performed through the second gas valve, and gas discharge is performed through the first gas valve.

8. A multi-environment cable cold-shrink joint interface breakdown test system, characterized in that, include: Includes the multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test equipment, external input device, data acquisition device and host computer as described in any one of claims 1-7; The data acquisition device is used to acquire real-time data generated by the cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device under multiple environments, and transmit the real-time data to the host computer. The external input device includes at least one of the pressure application device, the excitation source, or the air pump; The host computer is used to control the external input device and / or the cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test device under multiple environments based on the real-time data.

9. A method for testing the interface breakdown of cable cold-shrink joints under multiple environments, characterized in that, include: The test was conducted using the multi-environment cable cold shrink joint interface breakdown test system described in claim 8; The testing steps include: Initialize the test environment, the initialization process including determining test environment parameters and calibrating test stress parameters; The multiple environmental control components are controlled based on the test environment parameters and the target environment parameters; Based on the calibrated test pressure parameters and the target pressure parameters, the pressure loading component is controlled to apply pressure to the sample under test. The sample to be tested was subjected to a stepped voltage breakdown test; Receive real-time sensor data from the data acquisition device until a breakdown voltage is detected.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The test sample includes a first test sample and a second test sample; The testing steps also include: placing the test sample on the sample stage, including: The first test sample is placed below the pressure application component, and the second test sample is placed above the sample stage, with the first test sample and the second test sample aligned vertically. Adjust the positions of the electrode and the first and second test samples so that the electrode is located on both sides of the first and second test samples.

Images