Hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in perceptual wireless communication systems

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A network entity may divide one or more user equipments (UEs) within a target area into groups and assign one UE per group as a leader UE to aggregate shared sensor data without large sidelink overhead for multicast of all sensor data at the network entity or uplink signaling overhead for aggregating data. For example, the network entity may send and the UE may receive a partitioning request message corresponding to the hierarchical partitioning scheme. The UE may send a partition request feedback message in response to the partition request message, which may include an indication of availability of the UE acting as a leader UE. A UE may receive a partition assignment message from a network entity, which may include a partition between a set of UEs and an indication of a leader UE in the set of UEs.

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 331,099, filed June 7, 2023, entitled “HIERARCHICAL PARTITIONING AND SENSOR DATA AGGREGATION IN PERCEPTIVE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS,” which has been assigned to the assignee of this application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The following discussion relates to wireless communication, including hierarchical division and sensor data aggregation in sensing wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message sending and receiving, broadcasting, and so on. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ technologies such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be referred to as User Equipment (UE). Summary of the Invention

[0005] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support hierarchical partitioning (e.g., dynamic grouping and regrouping of sets or subsets of devices) and sensor data aggregation and sensor data feature aggregation of participating entities (e.g., vehicle user equipments (UEs), cellular UEs, and sensors, among other examples) in a perception wireless communication system. For example, a network entity can partition one or more UEs within a target area into groups and assign one UE per group as a leader UE to aggregate raw sensor data and compressed features of the sensor data. This operation will reduce the signaling burden caused by multicasting raw sensor data while also reducing the inaccuracy caused by aggregating features of the sensor data without aggregating raw sensor data. For example, a network entity can transmit and a UE can receive a partition request message corresponding to a hierarchical partitioning scheme. The UE can transmit a partition request feedback message in response to the initial partition request message, which can include an indication of availability of the UE to serve as a leader UE. The UE can receive a partition assignment message from the network entity, which can include a partitioning between sets of UEs and an indication of a leader UE in the set of UEs.

[0006] A method for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The method can include receiving a first indication including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning based data sharing session in which a plurality of UEs are grouped into a disjoint plurality of UE sets for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data; transmitting, in response to receiving the first indication, a second indication of a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioning based data sharing session; and receiving, based at least in part on transmitting the second indication, a third indication including a public identifier assigned to a first set of the disjoint plurality of UE sets, where the first set of UE sets includes the first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UE.

[0007] An apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The apparatus can include at least one processor, memory coupled with the at least one processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions can be executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to receive a first indication including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchically partitioned data sharing session in which a plurality of UEs are grouped into a disjoint plurality of sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data, transmit, in response to receiving the first indication, a second indication including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchically partitioned data sharing session, and receive, based at least in part on transmitting the second indication, a third indication including a public identifier assigned to a first set of UEs of the disjoint plurality of sets of UEs, where the first set of UEs includes the first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0008] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The apparatus can include means for receiving a first indication including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchically partitioned data sharing session in which a plurality of UEs are grouped into a disjoint plurality of sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data, means for transmitting, in response to receiving the first indication, a second indication including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchically partitioned data sharing session, and means for receiving, based at least in part on transmitting the second indication, a third indication including a public identifier assigned to a first set of UEs of the disjoint plurality of sets of UEs, where the first set of UEs includes the first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0009] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first UE is described. The code can include instructions executable by at least one processor to receive a first indication including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchically partitioned data sharing session in which a plurality of UEs are grouped into a disjoint plurality of sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data, transmit, in response to receiving the first indication, a second indication including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchically partitioned data sharing session, and receive, based at least in part on transmitting the second indication, a third indication including a public identifier assigned to a first set of UEs of the disjoint plurality of sets of UEs, where the first set of UEs includes the first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0010] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein can further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a fourth indication that the first UE is available to serve as a leader UE, where the fourth indication is multiplexed with the second indication, included in the second indication, or separate from the second indication, receiving a fifth indication that the first UE can be a leader UE of the set of first UEs, where the fifth indication is multiplexed with the third indication, included in the third indication, or separate from the third indication, and receiving unicast signaling including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data from each respective UE of the set of first UEs based at least in part on the public identifier of the leader UE and the public identifier of the first UE being the same.

[0011] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein can further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to a network entity, an indication of one or more extracted features associated with the combined raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data based at least in part on the first UE receiving the unicast signaling including the raw sensor, raw measurement data, and local feature data.

[0012] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein can further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the fifth indication that the first UE can be a leader UE can be based at least in part on transmitting the fourth indication that the first UE can be capable of performing as a leader UE.

[0013] Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein can further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting one or more parameters including location information, an amount of sensor data generated by the first UE, a computing power capability associated with the first UE, or any combination thereof, where receiving the fifth indication that the first UE can be a leader UE can be based at least in part on the one or more parameters.

[0014] The methods, apparatuses, and examples of non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending partitioning report information to a network entity that includes one or more of the following: sensor data associated with a first set of UEs, sensor data extraction information associated with the first set of UEs, location information associated with a first UE or the first UE, object occlusion information associated with the first set of UEs, partitioning cost information of sensor data associated with one or more UEs included in the first set of UEs and one or more UEs excluded from the first set of UEs but included in a plurality of disjoint sets of UEs, or any combination thereof; and receiving a public identifier of the updated first set of UEs in a plurality of disjoint sets of UEs, an update instruction for a new leading UE, or a sixth instruction for any combination thereof.

[0015] The methods, apparatuses, and examples of non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for calculating a cost value associated with a partition between a first set of UEs and a second set of UEs, the partition cost information being based at least in part on received raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the partitioning cost information includes an indication of a reduction in the level of feature extraction accuracy associated with sensor data shared by the first UE set having a leader UE, based at least in part on one or more UEs in the second UE set not existing in the first UE set, and receiving a sixth indication may be based at least in part on the partitioning cost information.

[0017] The methods, apparatuses, and examples of non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for broadcasting, at least in part, instructions to multiple UEs, both within and outside the first set of UEs, to one or more extracted features associated with raw sensor data and raw measurement data, based on an existing connection for feature data sharing between a first UE and multiple UEs.

[0018] The methods, apparatuses, and examples of non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving an instruction that a second UE in a first set of UEs may be a leading UE, wherein the instruction is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from a third instruction; and transmitting unicast signaling, including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data, from the first UE to the second UE, at least in part based on the instruction that the second UE may be a leading UE.

[0019] The methods, apparatuses, and examples of non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving, at least in part, a broadcast message from a second UE, including one or more extracted features associated with the raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data, based on the transmission of unicast signaling including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data.

[0020] The methods, apparatuses, and examples of non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting raw sensor data, raw measurement data, instructions for one or more locally extracted features associated with the raw sensor data or raw measurement data, or any combination thereof, to a network entity.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sharing raw sensor data includes sharing radio detection and ranging data, illumination detection and ranging data, camera image data, stereo vision image data, velocity information, positioning information, or any combination thereof.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, shared raw measurement data includes shared radio channel statistics, channel state information, or any combination thereof from a vehicle UE or a cellular UE paired with the vehicle UE or any combination thereof.

[0023] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the feature extraction output is based at least in part on aggregated sensor data, wireless data, and raw data and includes object delimitation, anti-location estimation, object orientation estimation, object detection, object classification, confidence measurement, mapping, compression of wireless channel information, or any combination thereof.

[0024] A method for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The method may include sending a first instruction, including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioned data sharing session, to a plurality of user equipments (UEs), in which the plurality of UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data; receiving a second instruction, including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioned data sharing session, in response to sending the first instruction; and sending a third instruction, including a publicly disclosed identifier assigned to a first set of UEs within the disjoint sets of UEs, at least in part based on receiving the second instruction, to the plurality of UEs, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the publicly disclosed identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0025] An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include at least one processor, a memory coupled to the at least one processor, and instructions stored in the at least one memory. The instructions are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to send a first instruction, including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioned data sharing session, to a plurality of user equipments (UEs) in which the plurality of UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data; to receive a second instruction, including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioned data sharing session, in response to sending the first instruction; and to send a third instruction, including a publicly disclosed identifier assigned to a first set of UEs within the disjoint sets of UEs, at least in part based on receiving the second instruction, to the plurality of UEs, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the publicly disclosed identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0026] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include: means for transmitting a first instruction including a request to participate in a hierarchical partitioned data sharing session to a plurality of user equipment (UEs), in which the plurality of UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data; means for receiving a second instruction including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioned data sharing session in response to transmitting the first instruction; and means for transmitting a third instruction including a publicly disclosed identifier assigned to a first set of UEs within the disjoint sets of UEs, at least in part based on receiving the second instruction, to the plurality of UEs, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the publicly disclosed identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0027] A non-transitory computer-readable medium is described, storing code for wireless communication at a network entity. The code may include instructions executable by at least one processor to send a first instruction, including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioned data sharing session, to a plurality of user equipments (UEs) in which the plurality of UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data; to receive a second instruction, in response to sending the first instruction, a response message including an instruction to participate in the hierarchical partitioned data sharing session; and to send a third instruction, at least in part based on receiving the second instruction, to the plurality of UEs, including a publicly disclosed identifier assigned to a first set of UEs within the disjoint sets of UEs, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the publicly disclosed identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0028] The methods, apparatuses, and examples of non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a fourth indication indicating the availability of a first UE as a leader UE, wherein the fourth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from a second indication; transmitting a fifth indication that the first UE may be a leader UE in a first set of UEs, wherein the fifth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from a third indication; and receiving, at least in part, an indication from each leader UE in a disjoint set of UEs to receive, one or more extractable features associated with the combined sensor and data and the raw measurement data, based on unicast signaling comprising raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local local feature data received from each corresponding UE in each disjoint set of UEs.

[0029] The methods, apparatuses, and examples of non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: transmitting a first UE that may be a fifth instruction to a leading UE that may be at least partially based on receiving the first UE that may be able to execute as an instruction to a leading UE.

[0030] The methods, apparatuses, and examples of non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving one or more parameters, including location information, the amount of sensor data generated by a first UE, computing power associated with the first UE, or any combination thereof, wherein receiving the first UE may be an instruction to a leading UE that is at least partially based on the one or more parameters.

[0031] The methods, apparatuses, and examples of non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving partitioning report information from one or more UEs in a first set of UEs, including one or more of the following: raw sensor data and raw measurement data associated with the first set of UEs, sensor data extraction information associated with the first set of UEs, location information associated with the first UE or the first set of UEs, object occlusion information associated with the first set of UEs, partitioning cost information of sensor data associated with one or more UEs in a second set of disjoint UEs, or any combination thereof; and sending a public identifier of the updated first set of UEs indicating an update of the updated disjoint UEs, an update instruction for a new leading UE, or any combination thereof, to the first set of UEs, the second set of UEs, or both.

[0032] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the partitioning cost information includes cost values ​​associated with the partitioning between the first set of UEs and the second set of UEs.

[0033] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the partitioning cost information includes an indication of a reduction in the level of feature extraction accuracy associated with sensor data shared by the first UE set, which is at least partially based on one or more UEs of the second UE set that are not present in the first UE set, and the transmission of a sixth indication may be at least partially based on the partitioning cost information.

[0034] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sharing raw sensor data includes sharing radio detection and ranging data, illumination detection and ranging data, camera image data, stereo vision image data, velocity information, positioning information, or any combination thereof.

[0035] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, shared raw measurement data includes shared radio channel statistics, channel state information, or any combination thereof from a vehicle UE or a cellular UE paired with the vehicle UE or any combination thereof.

[0036] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the feature extraction output is based at least in part on aggregated sensor data, wireless data, and raw data and includes object delimitation, anti-location estimation, object orientation estimation, object detection, object classification, confidence measurement, mapping, compression of wireless channel information, or any combination thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 Examples of wireless communication systems supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system are shown, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 2 Examples of wireless communication systems supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system are shown, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 3 An example of a wireless communication system 300 supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0040] Figure 4 Examples of hierarchical partitioning schemes for supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure are shown.

[0041] Figure 5 Examples of process flows for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure are shown.

[0042] Figure 6 Examples of process flows for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure are shown.

[0043] Figure 7 and Figure 8A block diagram is shown of an apparatus for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 9 A block diagram is shown of a communication manager that supports hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 10 A diagram illustrates a system including a device supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 11 and Figure 12 A block diagram is shown of an apparatus for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 13 A block diagram is shown of a communication manager that supports hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 14 A diagram illustrates a system including a device supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0049] Figures 15 to 19 A flowchart illustrating a method for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0050] In some wireless communication systems, perception of the physical environment can assist wireless devices. For example, in a sensing wireless communication system, perception can include raw measurement data collected from vehicle sensors and machine learning (ML) feature data, which can be used to improve the quality or effectiveness of various wireless communication tasks. Communication tasks that can benefit from perception may include beam management, beam blocking prediction, beam thinning, or other tasks.

[0051] User equipment (UE) can generate raw sensor data and perform feature extraction. If the object or environment detected by the UE is occluded, the UE may not be able to perform feature extraction effectively. For example, a bounding box is a shape (e.g., a rectangle) surrounding an object (e.g., on a camera image) and can specify the object's location, category (e.g., pedestrian or vehicle), and confidence level (e.g., how likely the object is to be within the bounding box). In some examples, the bounding box of the detected object may be a smaller partial bounding box generated from the occluded field of view (FoV) at the sensor. In some examples, multiple UEs may share and aggregate extracted features to improve or optimize the quality and / or efficiency of the communication system. However, if UEs share incorrect features (e.g., they combine only a set of partial bounding boxes surrounding a portion of the object), feature extraction aggregation may fail. For example, two UEs may extract partial bounding boxes of the same occluded object, but due to occlusion, the bounding boxes may not be identified as belonging to the same object during feature aggregation. Furthermore, efforts to improve feature aggregation by sending raw sensor data, other than feature extraction data, to multiple neighboring UEs that are sensing / measuring the same target can lead to a large sidelink signaling burden, while aggregating feature extraction data or raw data at the network can lead to a large uplink signaling burden.

[0052] A network entity may group one or more UEs within a target area into groups (e.g., disjoint sets or partitions) and assign one UE to each group as a leader UE to aggregate shared sensor data and reduce signaling overhead. For example, the network entity may send, and the UE may receive, a partition request message corresponding to a hierarchical partitioning scheme. The UE may send a partition request feedback message in response to the initial partition request message, which may include an indication of the UE's availability to act as a leader UE. The UE may receive a partition assignment message from the network entity, which may include one or more of the following: an indication to place the UE in the nth partition, an identifier of the nth partition, and an indication of the UE placed in the nth partition (wherein...). and The UE assigned to the division can receive instructions from the leading UE in the UE set of the nth division. For example, a UE can receive instructions that it can act as a leading UE, or a UE can receive instructions that different UEs can act as leading UEs. The UE assigned to the division can send raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data to the leading UE used for that division.

[0053] First, aspects of this disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communication system. These aspects are further described, and referenced, through wireless communication systems, hierarchical partitioning schemes, and process flows. Furthermore, aspects of this disclosure are described, and referenced, through apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system.

[0054] Figure 1 Examples of wireless communication systems 100 supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure are shown. Wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0055] Network entity 105 may be distributed across a geographical area to form wireless communication system 100, and may include devices employing different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, mobility element, radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other designations. In some examples, network entity 105 and UE 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, network entity 105 may support coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographical coverage area) within which UE 115 and network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographical area within which network entity 105 and UE 115 may support signal transmission according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0056] UE 115 can be distributed throughout the coverage area 110 of wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. UE 115 can be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UE 115s are illustrated herein. The UE 115 described herein can be able to support various types of devices, such as... Figure 1 The other UE 115 or network entity 105 shown communicates.

[0057] As described herein, a node in the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, apparatus, device, computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be UE 115. Alternatively, a node may be network entity 105. Alternatively, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second or third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different from these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., may include disclosures of UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0058] In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130, or communicate with each other, or both. For example, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) via backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. Backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, or fronthaul communication link 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof. UE 115 can communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155.

[0059] One or more network entities in network entity 105 described herein may include or be referred to as base station 140 (e.g., transceiver base station, radio base station, NR base station, access point, radio transceiver, node B, eNodeB (eNB), next-generation node B or gigabit node B (any of which may be referred to as gNB), 5G NB, next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), home node B, home evolution node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as base station 140).

[0060] In some examples, network entity 105 may be implemented in a decomposed architecture (e.g., a decomposed base station architecture, a decomposed RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize protocol stacks physically or logically distributed across two or more network entities 105 (such as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) network, an Open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a Virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a Cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a Central Unit (CU) 160, a Distributed Unit (DU) 165, a Radio Unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near-real-time RIC, a non-real-time RIC), a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. 170 may also be referred to as a radio headend, intelligent radio headend, remote radio headend (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmit / receive point (TRP). One or more components of network entity 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0061] The functional splitting among CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a protocol stack functional splitting can be used between CU 160 and DU 165, allowing CU 160 to support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and DU 165 to support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionalities and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). CU 160 can connect to one or more DU 165 or RU 170, and one or more DU 165 or RU 170 can host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and each can be at least partially controlled by CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a protocol stack functional split can be employed between DU 165 and RU 170, such that DU 165 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and RU 170 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. DU 165 can support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RU 170). In some cases, functional decomposition between CU 160 and DU 165, or between DU 165 and RU 170, can be performed within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer can be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer can be performed by different of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 can be further functionally decomposed into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 can be connected to one or more DU 165 via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 can be connected to one or more RU 170 via fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, the midhaul communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on the interfaces (e.g., channels) between the layers of the protocol stack, which are supported by the corresponding network entities 105 communicating via such communication links.

[0062] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access can support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DU 165s or one or more RU 170s may be partially controlled by one or more CU 160s associated with donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include a separate set of antennas for relaying communication with UE 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., those of RU 170) for access to IAB node 104 via DU 165 of IAB node 104. (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0063] In the context of applying the techniques described herein in a distributed RAN architecture, one or more components of the distributed RAN architecture can be configured to support hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the distributed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0064] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or any other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a cell, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0065] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown.

[0066] UE 115 and network entity 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a physical layer structure defined for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion of the RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 may support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation can be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between network entity 105 and other devices can refer to communication between these devices and any part of network entity 105 (e.g., entity, sub-entity). For example, the terms “send,” “receive,” or “communicate” when referring to network entity 105 can refer to any part of the RAN’s network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0067] The signal waveform transmitted via a carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The amount of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the decoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively high amount of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high modulation scheme order may correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0068] The time interval for network entity 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as the sampling period. seconds, in response This can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, while The supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size can be represented. Time intervals for communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0069] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may (e.g., in the time domain) be divided into subframes, and each subframe may also be divided into a number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include variable time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended to each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple micro-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., The duration of a symbol period is associated with a (number) sampling period. The duration of a symbol period can depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0070] A subframe, time slot, micro-time slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0071] Depending on the technology, carriers can be used to multiplex physical channels for communication. One or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques can be used, for example, to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels for signaling via a downlink carrier. The control region of the physical control channel (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) can be defined by a set of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth of the carrier or a subset of that bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESET) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 can monitor or search control regions to obtain control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a concatenated manner. The aggregation level of control channel candidates can refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include a shared search space set configured to transmit control information to multiple UEs 115, and a UE-specific search space set configured to transmit control information to a specific UE 115.

[0072] In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage to mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various coverage areas 110.

[0073] Some UE 115 devices (such as MTC or IoT devices) can be low-cost or low-complexity devices and can provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC can refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with each other or with network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communication from devices with integrated sensors or instruments to measure or acquire information and relay such information to a central server or application that uses the information or presents it to people interacting with the application. Some UE 115 devices may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based billing.

[0074] Wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more services, such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms “ultra-reliable,” “low-latency,” and “ultra-reliable low-latency” are used interchangeably herein.

[0075] In some examples, UE 115 may be configured to support direct communication with other UE 115s via device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocols). In some examples, one or more UE 115s in a group performing D2D communication may be within the coverage area 110 of network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled by network entity 105). In some examples, one or more UE 115s in such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from network entity 105. In some examples, the group of UE 115s communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UE 115s in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources used for D2D communication. In other examples, D2D communication may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0076] In some systems, the D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel (such as a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2X) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or a combination of these. Vehicles may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal control, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to the V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure (such as roadside units), or communicate with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entity 105, base station 140, RU 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication, or both.

[0077] Core network 130 provides user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), and may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a Serving Gateway (S-GW), Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW), or User Plane Function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity manages non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be delivered through user plane entities, which provide IP address allocation and other functions. User plane entities may connect to one or more network operator IP services 150. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0078] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves are sufficient to penetrate structures so that macrocells can provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to communication using smaller frequencies and longer waves in the High Frequency (HF) or Very High Frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0079] Wireless communication system 100 may utilize licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 may employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using unlicensed frequency bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band). When operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as network entity 105 and UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation using unlicensed frequency bands may be based on carrier aggregation configurations combined with component carriers operating using licensed frequency bands (e.g., LAA). Operation using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmission, uplink transmission, P2P transmission, or D2D transmission, etc.

[0080] Network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly such as an antenna tower. In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. Network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a collection of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0081] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115) to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals transmitted via the antenna elements may include the transmitting or receiving device applying amplitude shifts, phase shifts, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0082] A network entity may group one or more UEs 115 within a target area into groups (e.g., disjoint sets or partitions) and assign one UE 115 from each group as a leader UE 115 to aggregate shared sensor data and reduce signaling overhead. For example, the network entity may send, and the UE 115 may receive, a partition request message corresponding to a hierarchical partitioning scheme. The UE 115 may send a partition request feedback message in response to the initial partition request message, which may include an indication of the availability of the UE 115 as a leader UE 115. The UE 115 may receive a partition assignment message from the network entity, which may include a partition between a first set of UEs 115 and a second set of UEs 115 (e.g., an indication of one or more groups of UEs 115) and an indication of a leader UE 115 within the UE set 115. For example, the UE 115 may receive an indication that it can act as a leader UE, or the UE may receive indications that different UEs 115 can act as leader UEs 115.

[0083] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. The wireless communication system 200 includes UEs 115-a, 115-b, 115-c, 115-d, 115-e, 115-f, and 115-g, which may be as described in reference... Figure 1 An example of UE 115 is described. Although illustrated with reference to a vehicle UE, UE 115 can be an example of any type of UE.

[0084] Some communication systems, such as communication system 200, can support technologies that include perception of the physical environment. For example, in a perception-based wireless communication system, perception may consist of measurement data and ML feature data collected from vehicle sensors (e.g., RADAR, LiDAR, cameras, GNSS, or IMU sensors). For example, a UE 115 supporting perception-based wireless communication may use one or more sensors (e.g., RADAR, LiDAR, cameras, etc.) to generate additional information about the physical environment, such as congestion, traffic patterns, pending accidents, or the like. For example, UE 115-a may use various types of sensors to determine the location of one or more additional UEs within the physical environment of UE 115-a, or may detect pedestrians or accidents in front of a vehicle. In some examples, such information can be used to improve the quality or effectiveness of various wireless communication tasks. Communication tasks that can benefit from perception may include beam management, beam blocking prediction, beam thinning, or other tasks. For example, by detecting the location of one or more additional UEs, UE 115-a may predict beam blocking (e.g., through additional UEs or through other detected obstacles) and may improve beam thinning or beam management procedures, etc.

[0085] In a wireless sensing communication system, UE 115 can generate raw sensor data and perform feature extraction. Raw sensing data or measurements may include RADAR point clouds, LiDAR point clouds, camera images, stereo vision images, velocity and heading information, and other data collected from sensors. Feature extraction involves reducing large amounts of raw data to a condensed description of the raw data. For example, extracted features may include compressed wireless channel features, indications and classifications of detected objects (e.g., identifying pedestrians in another UE 115 or camera data), bounding boxes around detected objects (e.g., boxes surrounding pedestrians in another UE 115 or camera data), object location and orientation estimates, confidence measurements attributed to the bounding boxes (e.g., confidence values ​​or confidence scores), 3D or depth maps, and other possible features. In some examples, feature extraction may be performed using either ML or non-ML algorithms. In a wireless sensing communication system, UE 115 or network entity 105 may combine sensing-related measurement data (e.g., raw sensing data) and local feature data from one or more vehicles with communication-related measurement and feature data from cellular devices (e.g., UE 115) to improve and optimize the quality and efficiency of the communication system.

[0086] In some examples, perception may involve observing multiple sensors on the same vehicle or object, resulting in multiple interrelated measurements and multiple interrelated features extracted from such measurements. These interrelated measurements and features may be distributed across multiple vehicles. For example, in traffic scenario 205-a, UE 115-b can be sensed by both UE 115-a and UE 115-c.

[0087] In some examples, objects sensed by UE 115 may be occluded. For example, in traffic scenario 205-a, UE 115-c may be occluded by UE 115-b for UE 115-a. In such examples, UE 115-a may not be able to effectively sense the size, orientation, heading, or other information about other UE 115s (such as UE 115-c, which is occluded from UE 115-a by UE 115-b). In another example, in traffic scenario 205-b, one or more UE 115s (e.g., experiencing traffic congestion and located close to each other) may block the sensing capabilities of other UE 115s. For example, UE 115-e may block the forward-looking or sensing capabilities of both UE 115-d and UE 115-f, while UE 115-g may block the rear-looking or sensing capabilities of UE 115-f. In other words, due to traffic congestion, UE 115-f may be too close to UE 115-e and UE 115-g, causing UE 115-f to be unable to accurately sense or detect various aspects of the physical environment. For example, the camera at UE 115-f may be too close to UE 115-e, causing UE 115-e to obstruct the field of view of the camera at UE 115-f. In this scenario, because the camera on UE 115-f is too close to UE 115-e and the camera can only observe a small part of the vehicle, UE 115-f may also be unable to identify UE 115-e as a vehicle. In other words, UE 115-f may incorrectly extract features (e.g., bounding boxes or object classification) due to sensor occlusion.

[0088] To overcome inaccurate sensing data and feature extraction, network entity 105 may adjust the operating parameters (e.g., FoV, range, or resolution) of one or more sensors. However, these parameter adjustments cannot overcome the deficiencies caused by sensor occlusion. If the object / environment detected by the UE is occluded, the UE may be unable to perform feature extraction effectively. For example, the bounding box of the detected object may be too small. In some examples, multiple UEs may share / aggregate extracted features to improve or optimize the quality and / or efficiency of the communication system. However, if the UEs share incorrect features (e.g., they combine only a set of partial bounding boxes around a portion of the object), feature aggregation may fail. For example, in traffic scenario 205-a, UE 115-a and UE 115-b can sense UE 115-c, even though UE 115-c is occluded for UE 115-a. UE 115-a and UE 115-b can extract and share their respective partial bounding boxes for UE 115-c, but these bounding boxes may not be identified as belonging to the same object during feature aggregation.

[0089] An object can be accurately observed by combining measurements or raw sensor data from multiple vehicle sensors located near the object. However, multicasting all raw sensor data and extracting features can result in a large sidelink signaling burden, while aggregating extracted features or raw data at the network can result in a large uplink signaling burden. Therefore, optimal segmentation or grouping of vehicles (e.g., UE 115) can be advantageous, where the interrelated raw sensing data and feature extraction data of the vehicle can be combined to increase the accuracy of aggregated feature extraction. Aggregated extracted features can represent a smaller amount of data to be sent to, for example, network entity 105 compared to raw sensing data and measurements.

[0090] This disclosure describes a method for optimally and with minimal burden locally aggregating raw sensing data about partial measurements from vehicle sensors. UEs 115 in a target area can be grouped, and each group can be assigned a leader UE 115. The leader UE 115 can receive raw sensing data from each UE in the group and can aggregate the data and perform feature extraction on the aggregated data. The leader UE 115 can also aggregate and utilize any features extracted and transmitted by individual UEs 115 within the group, as well as by any UE 115 that has shared its extracted features with a leader UE outside the group but not the raw data. The leader UE 115 can broadcast the aggregated feature results to the UEs 115 within the group and to network entity 105. Aggregating data locally at the leader UE, rather than at network entity 105, reduces the demand on uplink capacity and places a smaller burden on the V2V link.

[0091] The optimal partitioning or grouping of vehicles, where raw sensing data and feature extraction data identifying their interrelationships can be combined to increase the accuracy of feature extraction, is a combinatorial problem (i.e., there exists a finite set of objects and a set of constraints, such that objects satisfying all constraints must be found). This problem can be solved using iterative algorithms (e.g., simulated annealing or other ML-based improvement algorithms).

[0092] In V2V sensor sharing, UEs 115 within a group can broadcast features extracted from individual sensing measurements. The accuracy of feature extraction can be improved by employing feature aggregation. For example, cooperative driving using V2V sensor sharing leverages V2V sharing of state information (such as position and speed) to coordinate the driving behavior of a group of vehicles. Millimeter-wave V2V high-resolution sensor sharing takes into account situations where vehicles are sharing raw sensing data as well as feature data to offset the negative effects of occlusion. However, in previous methods, the raw sensing data is multicast to more than one vehicle UE 115, resulting in a large sidelink burden. The method proposed in this disclosure strategically groups vehicle UEs 115 and aggregates raw sensing and channel data at a leader UE in each group. Therefore, the overhead is reduced, and the feature extraction output is more reliable and smaller in size than the raw sensing data. The leader UE 115 can broadcast relatively small aggregated features to all UEs 115 in the group.

[0093] Figure 3 An example of a communication system 300 supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. The wireless communication system 300 includes network entities 105-a, UE 115-a, UE 115-b, UE 115-c, UE 115-d, UE 115-e, and UE 115-f, which may be as described in reference... Figure 1 Examples of network entity 105 and UE 115 described.

[0094] UE 115 (e.g., UE 115-b) may send, and network entity 105-a may receive, a request to establish a sense-based ML service session. Network entity 105-a may send, and UE 115-b may receive, an acknowledgment of the request to establish the ML service session and a request to provide information about vehicle sensors, vehicle sensor capabilities, onboard processor capabilities, and ML model capabilities. UE 115-b may send, and network entity 105-a may receive, the requested information about vehicle sensors, vehicle sensor capabilities, onboard processor capabilities, and ML model capabilities. Network entity 105-a may send, and UE 115-b may receive a first configuration of the sensors and sensor properties (e.g., range or FoV), the ML model, and the ML model weights.

[0095] After establishing an ML service session, UE 115-b may send, and network entity 105-a may receive, a first set of data elements that may include features extracted from the raw data using an ML feature extraction model. Based on feedback from the ML service entity, network entity 105-a may send, and UE 115-b may receive, a first gradient update for the ML model, a reconfiguration of sensor properties, and a first request for hierarchical partitioning of the UE.

[0096] As part of a first request for tiered partitioning of the UE, network entity 105-a may send, and UE 115-b may receive, a first indication including a partitioning request message 310-a (e.g., a tiered data session request) that indicates the UE can initiate participation in a tiered partitioning-based data sharing session. UE 115-b may send a second indication including a partitioning request response message 315-a that indicates UE 115-b can participate in a tiered partitioning-based data sharing session. The partitioning request response message 315-a may also include an indication of UE 115-b's capability or availability to act as the leading UE for a partition or group.

[0097] Network entity 105-a can send, and UE 115-b can receive, a third indication including partition assignment message 320-a. Partition assignment message 320-a may include a first identifier (e.g., a partition index) to which UE 115-b can be assigned. In some examples, the first identifier may be a private identifier or a public identifier. For example, partition assignment message 320-a may assign UE 115-b, along with UE 115-a and UE 115-c, to partition 305-a. Partition assignment message 320-a may also include a second identifier associated with the leading UE used to assign the partition. In some examples, the second identifier may be a private identifier of the leading UE, or a private hierarchical partition session-specific identifier of the leading UE. In some examples, the second identifier may be a public identifier of the leading UE. For example, UE 115-b may receive an indication that it will be the leading UE of partition 305-a. The leading UE 115-b may receive and aggregate sensed data and extracted features from non-leading UEs (e.g., UE 115-a and UE 115-b) within partition 305-a. The leading UE 115-b may extract features from the aggregated sensed data and send the extracted features to network entity 105-a, non-leading UEs 115-a and 115-b, or both. In some examples, a single public identifier may be included in partition message 320-a (e.g., a first identifier or a second identifier, or a single public identifier of the leading UE that can be interpreted as a UE identifier or a public identifier corresponding to the partition of the leading UE). In some examples, partition message 320-a may include both a first public identifier and a second public identifier.

[0098] In some examples, the leading UE 115-b may transmit, and network entity 105-a may receive, costs inferred from participation in a different partition 305-a than that of neighboring UE 115 (e.g., UE 115-d in partition 305-b). Conversely, instead of aggregating feature data received from any partition in partition 305, the leading UE 115-b may also transmit, and network entity 105-a may receive, gains inferred from combining raw sensed data from non-leading UE 115 in partition 305-a with any feature data received from non-leading UE 115 in any partition 305. Costs and / or gains may be inferred or calculated via ML model weights received from network entity 105-a.

[0099] A similar process can occur for UE 115-d. UE 115-d can send, and network entity 105-a can receive, a request to establish a sense-based ML service session. Network entity 105-a can send, and UE 115-d can receive, an acknowledgment of the request to establish the ML service session and a request to provide information about vehicle sensors, vehicle sensor capabilities, onboard processor capabilities, and ML model capabilities. UE 115-d can send, and network entity 105-a can receive, the requested information about vehicle sensors, vehicle sensor capabilities, onboard processor capabilities, and ML model capabilities. Network entity 105-a can send, and UE 115-d can receive a first configuration of the sensors and sensor properties (e.g., range or FoV), the ML model, and the ML model weights.

[0100] After establishing an ML service session, UE 115-d may send, and network entity 105-a may receive, a first set of data elements that may include features extracted from the raw data using an ML feature extraction model. Based on feedback from the ML service entity, network entity 105-a may send, and UE 115-d may receive, a first gradient update for the ML model, a reconfiguration of sensor properties, and a first request for hierarchical partitioning of the UE.

[0101] As part of a first request for tiered partitioning of the UE, network entity 105-a may send, and UE 115-d may receive, a first indication including a partitioning request message 310-b (e.g., a tiered data session request) that indicates the UE can initiate participation in a tiered partitioned data sharing session. UE 115-d may send a second indication including a partitioning request response message 315-b that indicates UE 115-d can participate in a tiered partitioned data sharing session. The partitioning request response message 315-b may also include an indication of UE 115-b's capability or availability (or lack thereof) to act as the leading UE in a partition or group.

[0102] Network entity 105-a can send, and UE 115-d can receive, a third indication including partition assignment message 320-b. Partition assignment message 320-b may include a first identifier (e.g., a public identifier) ​​that can assign UE 115-d to a partition or group. For example, partition assignment message 320-b may assign UE 115-d along with UE 115-e and UE 115-f to partition 305-b. Partition assignment message 320-b may also include a second identifier (e.g., a public identifier, a private identifier, or a hierarchical partition session-specific identifier) ​​associated with the leading UE used for partition assignment. For example, UE 115-d may receive an indication that UE 115-e will be the leading UE of partition 305-b. Non-leading UE 115-d may send sensed data and extracted features to leading UE 115-e. In some examples, non-leading UE 115-d may receive aggregated features from aggregated sensed data from leading UE 115-e.

[0103] In some examples, a non-leader UE 115-d (or leader UE 115-e or both) may transmit and network entity 105-a may receive costs inferred from participation in a different partition 305-b than that of its neighboring UE 115 (e.g., UE 115-c in partition 305-a). The costs may be inferred or calculated via ML model weights received from network entity 105-a.

[0104] Network entity 105-a can change the partition assignment over multiple iterations to determine the optimal partition for vehicle UE 115. For example, network entity 105-a can use the feature accuracy cost and gain associated with the partition assignment received from the lead UE 115 in the first iteration to update the partition assignment in the second iteration. Figure 4 This iterative hierarchical partitioning process will be described in more detail.

[0105] Figure 4 An example of a hierarchical partitioning scheme 400 for supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. (See also...) Figure 3 As described, network entity 105 can update partition assignments (including instructions from the leader UE of a partition group) over multiple iterations 405 over time. Partition assignment updates can be based on the cost and gain of feature extraction accuracy received from the leader UE 115 (or from a non-leader UE 115, or both). In any iteration 405, a UE 115 belonging to partition group 1 but having established a V2V sensor-sharing connection with a UE belonging to another partition group 2 will benefit from feature extraction from the raw sensed data of UEs in partition group 2 rather than UEs in partition group 2. Network entity 105 can iterate partition assignments to reduce the cost of avoiding sharing raw sensed data for each partition while keeping feature extraction data freely shareable.

[0106] For example, the target region can be viewed as a graph. The vehicles are a collection Nodes in the set, and vehicles that are visible to each other can be accessed through the set. The edge connections are represented in the figure. (For example, the target area and the UEs within it) can be partitioned into a bipartite or n-partite graph according to the techniques described herein to minimize the impact of occlusion. The partitioning and the participants in each partition can be updated iteratively as described herein. In the first iteration 405-a, some UEs 115 (e.g., UE 115-a) can be assigned to partition group 1, while other UEs (e.g., UE 115-b) can be assigned to partition group 2. In the second iteration 405-b (e.g., after network entity 105 has updated the partition assignments), UE 115-c can be assigned to switch from partition group 2 to partition group 1. In the third iteration 405-c (e.g., after network entity 105 has updated the partition assignments), UE 115-d can be assigned to switch from partition group 1 to partition group 2.

[0107] In some cases, updated partition assignments can change the designated leader UE of a partition group. For example, UE 115-a may be assigned as the leader UE of partition group 1 in iteration 405-a, and as a non-leader UE of partition group 1 in iteration 405-b. In another example, UE 115-c may be the leader UE of partition group 2 in iteration 405-a. Network entity 105 can assign UE 115-c to a non-leader UE of partition group 2 via a graph. The partition assignment in iteration 405-b is updated based on partition group 1, where In the same iteration 405-b, because UE 115-c cannot be the leading UE of its unassigned partition group, network entity 105 must also assign different UEs 115 to the group defined by the diagram. The leader of group 2, UE115, is represented. .

[0108] Therefore, as described herein, a central entity (e.g., network entity 105 or a server) may attempt to achieve a partition in which the cost of not sharing raw sensed data is reduced for either partition while allowing feature extraction data to remain freely shared.

[0109] Figure 5 An example of a process flow 500 for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0110] Process flow 500 can achieve Figures 1 to 4This can be achieved through or via the aspects described above. Process flow 500 may include network entity 105-b, UE 115-g, and UE 115-h, which may be referenced... Figure 1 – Figure 4 Examples of the corresponding devices described.

[0111] For reference Figure 2 In more detail, UE 115 may experience sensor occlusion, resulting in incomplete raw sensed data available at a single vehicle UE 115. This can lead to poor feature extraction and poor feature aggregation of features extracted by the individual UE 115. As described herein, UE 115 and network entity 105-b can perform hierarchical partitioning involving UE 115, which can facilitate efficient aggregation of raw sensed data at one or more lead UEs via unicast signaling over sidelinks. As described herein, aggregating the raw data can lead to better feature extraction output at the cost of less overhead.

[0112] At 505, one or more UEs 115 (e.g., UE 115-b and UE 115-b among other UEs 115) can perform an ML service discovery procedure. For example, each UE 115 can send a registration request. Network entity 105-b can send a registration confirmation (ACK) or a UE sensor and ML model information query. UE 115 can send examples such as UE sensor and ML model information to network entity 105-b, and network entity 105-b can send an ML service request. UE 115 can send a response ML session request, and network entity 105-b can send an ML service ACK (e.g., and can perform training, inference, or performance improvement).

[0113] After performing ML service discovery at point 505, UE 115 and network entity 105-b can perform joint training and inference or performance improvement of the ML model as described herein. For example, after an ML service session has been initiated, UE 115 can implement training and inference of the feature extraction model. At point 510, UE 115 (e.g., UE 115-g and UE 115-h) can send feature information extracted from sensed data to network entity 105-b. Extracted features may include compressed radio channel features, indications and classifications of detected objects (e.g., identifying pedestrians in another UE 115 or camera data), bounding boxes around detected objects (e.g., boxes surrounding pedestrians in another UE 115 or camera data), object location and orientation estimates, confidence measurements attributed to bounding boxes (e.g., confidence values ​​or confidence scores), 3D or depth maps, and so on.

[0114] At point 515, network entity 105-b may send feedback signaling to UE 115 (e.g., in response to sensing information). Network entity 105-b may also aggregate levels to send gradient information. UE 115 may continue backpropagation and adaptively adjust the sensing or feature extraction model, or may initiate hierarchical partitioning based on feedback and sensor occlusion. For example, UE 115-g may detect occlusion, the number of failed feature extractions, the quality or quantity of raw sensor data or feature extractions that fail to meet thresholds, or similar factors. In some examples, UE 115-g may report such detections to network entity 105-b, resulting in the initiation of hierarchical partitioning as described herein, or may initiate hierarchical partitioning as described herein autonomously.

[0115] At point 520, network entity 105-b may send a request message (e.g., which may be referred to as a hierarchical partitioning initiation request) to UE 115. The hierarchical partitioning request message (e.g., a first indication) may initiate hierarchical partitioning for UE 115. The hierarchical partitioning request message may include a request to participate in a hierarchical partition-based data sharing session. Hierarchical partitioning may include grouping UEs into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw measurement data, raw sensor data, or both (e.g., partitioning).

[0116] At 525, UE 115 may send a hierarchical division initiation ACK message (e.g., a second indication) that may include an indication of leadership availability. For example, UE 115-g may indicate that UE 115-g is unable to support the leadership role of UE 115 in its hierarchical division (e.g., as referenced). Figure 3 (As described), or may avoid including UE 115-g as an affirmative indication that UE 115 is capable of acting as the leader UE 115, while UE 115-h may indicate that UE 115-h is capable of supporting the role of the leader UE 115 in the division of UEs. In some examples, the indication that a UE is capable of being the leader UE 115 may include one or more parameters, such as location information, amount of sensor data (e.g., the UE 115 with the most data transmitted may be the leader UE 115 to save signaling overhead), computing power, or any combination thereof.

[0117] Network entity 105-b may initiate iterative partitioning of UE 115 and iterative assignment of a leader UE 115. For example, at 530, network entity 105-b may send a message including partitioning information and leader assignment information. The message including partitioning information (e.g., a third indication) may include an identifier assigned to a first set of UEs 115 (e.g., UE 115-g and UE 115-h). In some examples, the identifier may be a private identifier of the leader UE, or a private hierarchical partitioning session-specific identifier of the leader UE. In some examples, the identifier may be a public identifier of the leader UE. This identifier may correspond to a UE (e.g., UE 115-h) in the partitioning of UE 115, which may identify UE 115-h as the leader UE 115 in a disjoint set of UEs 115 (e.g., the partition).

[0118] At 535, UE 115 may transmit feature information extracted from the sensed data aggregated at the lead UE 115. This feature information may include adjusted data, extracted features, and other information. In some examples, lead UE 115-h may receive unicast signaling from other UEs 115 in a disjoint set of UEs 115 (e.g., from UE 115-g) including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, local feature data extracted from data of individual UEs (i.e., locally extracted feature data), or combinations thereof. Raw sensor data may include radio detection and ranging data, illumination detection and ranging data, camera image data, stereo vision image data, velocity information, positioning information, or any combination thereof. Feature extraction output may be based at least in part on the aggregated sensor data, radio data, and raw data to include object delimitation, anti-location estimation, object orientation estimation, object detection, object classification, confidence measurement, mapping, compression of radio channel information, or any combination thereof.

[0119] In some examples, the leading UE 115-h may broadcast instructions for one or more extracted features associated with raw sensor data and raw measurement data to other UEs 115 within the partition (e.g., UE 115-g) or to other UEs 115 outside the partition, or both. Such broadcasts may be implemented based on existing connections between UEs 115 for feature data sharing between UEs 115. In some examples, the leading UE 115-h, other UEs 115-g, or both may send extracted features associated with a combination of raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data to network entity 105-b. In some examples, UE 115-h may receive unicast signaling from other UEs 115 and then forward the received data, or extracted feature data generated at the leading UE 115-h based on the received raw measurement and sensor data, or a combination thereof, to network entity 105-b.

[0120] In some examples, this information may include partitioning report information, which includes one or more of the following: sensor data associated with UE 115, sensor data extraction information associated with a set of UEs, location information, object occlusion information, partitioning cost information associated with sensor data of one or more UEs included in the UE set and one or more UEs excluded from the UE set, or any combination thereof. For example, each UE 115 (e.g., or at least the leading UE 115-h) may calculate a cost value associated with partitioning with a disjoint set of UEs. Partitioning cost information may be based on raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and extracted feature data (e.g., generated by UE 115-h, or local feature data received via unicast signaling from other UEs 115 in the partition). Partitioning cost information may include an indication of a reduced level of feature extraction accuracy associated with sensor data shared by the first partition of UE 115 having the leading UE 115-h, based on the absence of additional UEs 115 (e.g., assigned to another disjoint set of UEs 115).

[0121] Based on this information, network entity 105-b can adjust one or more partitions (for example, it can add or remove one or more UE115s from a given partition, as per reference). Figure 4 (As described in more detail), or updateable leader UE assignment, or both. For example, network entity 105-b may send another message including updated partitioning information, updated leader assignment information, or both, as described in reference Figure 6 A more detailed description.

[0122] Figure 6An example of a process flow 600 for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0123] Process Flow 600 can achieve Figure 1 – Figure 5 The process flow 600 may include network entity 105-c, UE 115-i, and UE 115-j, which may be referenced. Figure 1 – Figure 5 Examples of the corresponding devices described.

[0124] As described herein, in a sensed wireless environment, sensor occlusion failures may occur in feature extraction and failures may occur in sensor-shared feature aggregation. By aggregating or fusing interrelated raw sense data from a group of vehicles (e.g., a disjoint set of UE 115s, such as a partition), and merging any available sensor-shared features, UE 115s may be able to extract features more accurately (e.g., from raw sensor data, or raw measurement data, or both). Sending raw sense data to a central entity (e.g., network entity 105-c, ML server, etc., for aggregation may incur additional overhead on uplink capacity. Alternatively, as described herein, sending raw sense data from a group of UE 115s (e.g., a partition) to the assigned leader UE 115-j of each partition may incur less overhead on sidelink (e.g., V2X or V2V) channel capacity. Such signaling, in addition to or replacing local feature extraction, may be performed.

[0125] To effectively share sensor data and improve the quality and accuracy of feature extraction, UE 115 and network entity 105-c can perform iterative partitioning of UE 115 and lead the assignment of UE 115. UE 115 and network entity can trigger and establish adaptive sensing and hierarchical partitioning triggered by sensor occlusion, as shown in reference... Figure 5 A more detailed description.

[0126] In the first iteration 605-a, at 610-a, network entity 105-c can send the partitioning and leadership UE assignment to UE115-a and UE115-b. (See reference...) Figure 5 As described, the signaling may include an indication of a publicly disclosed identifier assigned to a first set of UEs (e.g., a first division). The publicly disclosed identifier may be associated with UE 115-j, thereby indicating that UE 115-j is the leading UE of the division.

[0127] At 615-a, UE 115 can aggregate sensed data. UE 115-i and UE 115-j can perform partition-based aggregation of raw sensed data at the leading UE 115-j. For example, a non-leading UE 115 (e.g., UE 115-i) can unicast raw sensor data, raw measurement data, local feature data, local feature extraction data, or a combination thereof to a UE 115-h (e.g., the leading UE 115) that can aggregate the received data.

[0128] At 620-a, UE 115-j may broadcast extracted features (e.g., to other UE 115s in the same partition, and to other UE 115s in other partitions). UE 115-j may broadcast aggregated features via V2V sensor sharing (e.g., at all UE 115s). For example, UE 115-j may send (e.g., broadcast) indications of one or more extracted features associated with raw sensor data and raw measurement data received from other UE 115s (e.g., UE 115-i) to other UE 115s (e.g., including UE 115-i) within and outside that partition, based at least in part on existing connections used for feature data sharing among various UE 115s.

[0129] At 625-a, UE 115-j (e.g., and other non-leader UEs 115, such as UE 115-i) may send partitioning report information to network entity 105-c. The partitioning report information may include UE sensed data, extracted features, inference costs for partitioning the UE, or any combination thereof. For example, as referenced... Figure 5 As described, UE 115 can calculate cost information associated with partitioning. This cost information may arise because, for each UE 115 included in different partitions, sensor data and feature extraction performed by the leading UE 115-j of the partition will be affected by a lack of raw sensor data, raw measurement data, attempts to generate feature extraction data (e.g., even incomplete attempts), or a combination thereof, across UE 115s in different partitions. For a given partition or grouping of vehicle UE 115s, the leading UE 115 extracts more accurate features (e.g., bounding boxes) based on aggregated raw sensed data and feature aggregation. For example, leading UE 115-j may extract more accurate features than non-leading UE 115-i. However, each partition or grouping comes at the cost of excluding raw sensed data from adjacent UE 115s across the partition (e.g., from another partition or disjoint group). (Cut-off edges) The cost can be achieved through This indicates that it can be known from network entity 105-c. For example, an ML model can be trained to learn how to operate without crossing edges. Costs related to the loss of accuracy in extracting joint bounding boxes from raw sensing data. ML models can also be trained to learn to avoid costs by making fewer partitions. Once the cost of the edges is inferred... (For example, in ML models), any incremental change in a partition can be quantified as an incremental change in cost. All incremental changes in a partition can be expressed as changes in cost from some nodes... Switch to Conversely, the same applies. Then, for example, the cost of partitioning can be stated as:

[0130]

[0131] At iteration k (e.g., any iteration 605), the grouping or partitioning of vehicle UE 115 is assigned by network entity 105-c (which may be a gNB or an ML server). A central entity (e.g., network entity 105-c or a server) may also assign a leader UE (e.g., leader UE 115-j) to each established group or partition. Such leadership assignments may be based on proximity (which ensures continuity of the same leader UE 115-j across multiple iterations in a dynamic environment), the size of the raw data that needs to be sent from other UEs 115 in the same partition, the computing power of the UE 115, the precision of the ML feature extraction model at the UE 115, or any combination thereof (e.g., any of these may be included in capability information, such as references). Figure 5 (This may be an indication of leader availability as described in reference 525, or in the segmentation report information described in reference 625-a, or a combination thereof). Additionally or alternatively, a hierarchical segmentation algorithm may be implemented such that vehicle UEs 115 (e.g., UE 115-i) in a segment or group can select a leader UE based on the previously listed factors. If a UE 115 in each segment or group does not have an established V2V connection with the corresponding leader UE 115, the required V2V connection must be established. For example, a non-leader UE 115-i may establish a V2V connection with the leader UE 115-j.

[0132] Based on partitioning report information sent by one or more UEs 115 (e.g., including UE 115-i and UE 115-j), at 630, network entity 105-c may update partitioning, lead UE 115 assignment, or both. For example, network entity 105-c may update partitioning (e.g., as referred to...) Figure 4 The described set is changed into a disjoint set, and a leader UE 115 is assigned to each set (e.g., each partition) (e.g., by precisely moving a UE from group 1 to group 2, or vice versa).

[0133] At 610-b (e.g., during the second iteration 605-b), network entity 105-c may send instructions for updated partitioning and leader UE assignment. For example, updated partitioning and leader UE assignment may indicate changes to partitioning and leader UE assignment, such as moving UE 115 into or out of the current partition, changing the assignment of leader UE 115-j to make UE 115-i the new leader UE, or a combination thereof.

[0134] At 615-b, UE 115 can aggregate sensed data. UE 115-i and UE 115-j can perform partition-based aggregation of raw sensed data at the leading UE 115-i (e.g., if the new leading UE is UE 115-i based on an updated leading UE assignment). For example, a non-leading UE (e.g., UE 115-j) can unicast raw sensor data, raw measurement data, local feature data, local feature extraction data, or a combination thereof to UE 115-i (e.g., leading UE 115) that can aggregate received data.

[0135] At 620-b, UE 115-i may broadcast extracted features (e.g., to other UE 115s in the same partition, and to other UE 115s in other partitions). UE 115-i may broadcast aggregated features via V2V sensor sharing (e.g., at all UE 115s). For example, UE 115-i may send (e.g., broadcast) an indication of one or more extracted features associated with raw sensor data and raw measurement data received from other UE 115s (e.g., UE 115-j) to other UE 115s (e.g., including UE 115-j) within and outside that partition, based at least in part on existing connections for feature data sharing among various UE 115s.

[0136] At 625-b, UE 115-i (and other non-leader UEs, such as UE 115-j) may send partitioning report information to network entity 105-c. The partitioning report information may include UE sensed data, extracted features, inference costs of partitioning the UE, or any combination thereof.

[0137] UE 115 and network entity 105-c can continue to calculate and report cost information, and update partitioning and lead UE assignments on multiple iterations (e.g., until network entity 105-c deactivates partitioning, or until the ML session terminates).

[0138] Figure 7A block diagram 700 illustrates a device 705 for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 705 may be an example of various aspects of UE 115 as described herein. Device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. Device 705 may also include at least one processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0139] Receiver 710 may provide components for receiving information such as data packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to hierarchical division and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system). Information may be transmitted to other components of device 705. Receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0140] Transmitter 715 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 705. For example, transmitter 715 may transmit information such as data packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to hierarchical division and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system). In some examples, transmitter 715 may be co-located with receiver 710 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0141] The communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components used to perform various aspects of hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0142] In some examples, the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one processor, digital signal processor (DSP), central processing unit (CPU), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured to or otherwise support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor and a memory coupled to at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in memory by at least one processor).

[0143] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by at least one processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 720, receiver 710, transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., components configured or otherwise supported for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0144] In some examples, the communication manager 720 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 710, transmitter 715, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, transmit information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, transmitter 715, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0145] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 720 can support wireless communication at a first UE. For example, the communication manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a first indication including a request to participate in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, in which multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. The communication manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a second indication including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session in response to receiving the first indication. The communication manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving, at least in part, a third indication including a public identifier assigned to a first set of disjoint sets of UEs based on sending the second indication, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0146] According to the examples described herein, by including or configuring a communication manager 720, a device 705 (e.g., controlling a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, a communication manager 720, or a combination thereof, or at least one processor otherwise coupled to the receiver, the transmitter, the communication manager, or a combination thereof) can support techniques for data coordination and feature extraction, resulting in reduced signaling overhead, improved utilization of available system resources, improved feature detection and feature extraction, and improved user experience.

[0147] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 illustrates a device 805 for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 805 may be an example of aspects of device 705 or UE 115 as described herein. Device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communication manager 820. Device 805 may also include at least one processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0148] Receiver 810 may provide components for receiving information such as data packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to hierarchical division and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system). Information may be transmitted to other components of device 805. Receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0149] Transmitter 815 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 805. For example, transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to hierarchical division and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system), user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 815 may be co-located with receiver 810 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0150] Device 805 or its various components may be examples of parts used to perform various aspects of hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system as described herein. For example, communication manager 820 may include hierarchical data session request component 825, participation response message component 830, hierarchical partitioning component 835, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 820 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 820 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 820 may receive information from receiver 810, transmit information to transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0151] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 820 may support wireless communication at a first UE. The hierarchical data session request component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a first indication including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, in which multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. The participation response message component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a second indication including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session in response to receiving the first indication. The hierarchical partitioning component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving, at least in part, a third indication including a public identifier assigned to a first set of disjoint UEs based on sending the second indication, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0152] Figure 9A block diagram 900 illustrates a communication manager 920 supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. The communication manager 920 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 720, communication manager 820, or both as described herein. The communication manager 920 or its various components may be examples of parts for performing various aspects of hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920 may include a hierarchical data session request component 925, a participation response message component 930, a hierarchical partitioning component 935, a leadership assignment component 940, a data component 945, a feature extraction component 950, a parameter component 955, a partitioning report component 960, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0153] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 can support wireless communication at a first UE. The hierarchical data session request component 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a first indication including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, in which multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. The participation response message component 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a second indication including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session in response to receiving the first indication. The hierarchical partitioning component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving, at least in part, a third indication including a public identifier assigned to a first set of disjoint UEs based on sending the second indication, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0154] In some examples, the participation response message component 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a fourth indication of the availability of the first UE as a leader UE, wherein the fourth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the second indication. In some examples, the leader assignment component 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a fifth indication that the first UE is a leader UE of the first UE set, wherein the fifth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the third indication. In some examples, the data component 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving unicast signaling, including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data, from each corresponding UE in the first UE set, at least in part based on the fact that the leader UE's public identifier is the same as the first UE's public identifier.

[0155] In some examples, the feature extraction component 950 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a component for sending an instruction to a network entity for extracting one or more features associated with the combined raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data, based at least in part on the first UE receiving unicast signaling including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data.

[0156] In some examples, receiving the first UE is the fifth instruction of the leading UE, at least in part based on the fact that sending the first UE can perform the fourth instruction of the leading UE.

[0157] In some examples, parameter component 955 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting one or more parameters, including location information, the amount of sensor data generated by the first UE, computing power associated with the first UE, or any combination thereof, wherein the receiving first UE is a fifth instruction of the leading UE based at least in part on the one or more parameters.

[0158] In some examples, the partitioning report component 960 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending partitioning report information, including one or more of the following, to a network entity: sensor data associated with a first set of UEs, sensor data extraction information associated with the first set of UEs, location information associated with a first UE or the first set of UEs, object occlusion information associated with the first set of UEs, partitioning cost information associated with sensor data associated with one or more UEs included in the first set of UEs and one or more UEs excluded from the first set of UEs but included in a plurality of disjoint UE sets, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the hierarchical partitioning component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a public identifier of the first set of UEs, an update indication of a new leader UE, or a sixth indication of any combination thereof, indicating an update of a plurality of disjoint UE sets.

[0159] In some examples, data component 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for calculating cost values ​​associated with a partition between a first set of UEs and a second set of UEs, the partition cost information being based at least in part on received raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data.

[0160] In some examples, the partitioning cost information includes an indication of a reduction in the level of feature extraction accuracy associated with sensor data shared by the first UE set, which is at least partially based on one or more UEs from the second UE set that are not present in the first UE set. In some examples, a sixth indication is received at least partially based on the partitioning cost information.

[0161] In some examples, the feature extraction component 950 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a component for broadcasting instructions for one or more extracted features associated with raw sensor data and raw measurement data to multiple UEs, both inside and outside the first UE set, based at least in part on existing connections for feature data sharing between the first UE and multiple UEs.

[0162] In some examples, the leadership assignment component 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving an indication that a second UE in the first set of UEs is a leadership UE, wherein the fifth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the third indication. In some examples, the data component 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting unicast signaling, including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data, from the first UE to the second UE, based at least in part on an indication that the second UE is a leadership UE.

[0163] In some examples, the feature extraction component 950 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a component for receiving, at least in part, a broadcast message from a second UE, including one or more extracted features associated with the raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data, based on the transmission of unicast signaling including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data.

[0164] In some examples, data component 945 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting raw sensor data, raw measurement data, indications of one or more locally extracted features associated with the raw sensor data or raw measurement data, or any combination thereof, to a network entity.

[0165] In some examples, sharing raw sensor data includes sharing radio detection and ranging data, illumination detection and ranging data, camera image data, stereo vision image data, velocity information, positioning information, or any combination thereof.

[0166] In some examples, shared raw measurement data includes radio channel statistics, channel state information, or combinations thereof for a shared vehicle UE or a cellular UE paired with that vehicle UE or any combination thereof.

[0167] In some examples, the feature extraction output is based at least in part on aggregated sensor data, wireless data, and raw data, and includes object delimitation, anti-location estimation, object orientation estimation, object detection, object classification, confidence measurement, mapping, compression of wireless channel information, or any combination thereof.

[0168] Figure 10 A diagram illustrating a system 1000 including a device 1005 supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 1005 may be an example of device 705, device 805, or UE 115 as described herein, or a component including such devices. Device 1005 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof (e.g., wirelessly). Device 1005 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, and at least one processor 1040. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1045).

[0169] I / O controller 1010 manages the input and output signals of device 1005. I / O controller 1010 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 1005. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 may utilize an operating system such as iOS. ® ANDROID ® MS-DOS ® MS-WINDOWS ® OS / 2 ® UNIX ® LINUX ® Alternatively, the I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of at least one processor (such as at least one processor 1040). In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1005 via the I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1010.

[0170] In some cases, device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in other cases, device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1015 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1025 as described herein, or via a wired or wireless link. For example, transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1015 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1025. Transceiver 1015, or transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, may be an example of transmitter 715, transmitter 815, receiver 710, receiver 810, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0171] At least one memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). At least one memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035, including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 1040, cause device 1005 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1035 may not be directly executable by at least one processor 1040, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, at least one memory 1030 may also include a basic I / O system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0172] At least one processor 1040 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 1040 may be configured to operate at least one memory array using at least one memory controller. In some other cases, at least one memory controller may be integrated into at least one processor 1040. At least one processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in at least one memory (e.g., at least one memory 1030) to cause device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system). For example, device 1005 or components of device 1005 may include at least one processor 1040 and a memory 1030 coupled to or coupled to at least one processor 1040, wherein at least one processor 1040 and memory 1030 are configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0173] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication at a first UE. For example, the communication manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a first indication including a request to participate in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, in which multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. The communication manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a second indication including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session in response to receiving the first indication. The communication manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving, at least in part, a third indication including a publicly disclosed identifier assigned to a first set of disjoint UEs based on sending the second indication, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the publicly disclosed identifier is associated with (e.g., assigned to, corresponding to, or indicating) a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0174] According to the examples described herein, by including or configuring the communication manager 1020, the device 1005 can support technologies for data coordination and feature extraction, resulting in reduced signaling overhead, improved utilization of available system resources, improved feature detection and feature extraction, improved security features, reduced occlusion, and improved user experience.

[0175] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to use or otherwise coordinate with the transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting). Although the communication manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1020 may be supported by or performed by at least one processor 1040, at least one memory 1030, code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1035 may include instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system as described herein, or at least one processor 1040 and at least one memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0176] Figure 11A block diagram 1100 illustrates a device 1105 for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 1105 may be an example of various aspects of network entity 105 as described herein. Device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communication manager 1120. Device 1105 may also include at least one processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0177] Receiver 1110 may provide components for acquiring (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information (such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units)) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). The information may be passed to other components of device 1105. In some examples, receiver 1110 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1110 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0178] Transmitter 1115 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of device 1105. For example, transmitter 1115 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 1115 and receiver 1110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0179] The communication manager 1120, receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components used to perform various aspects of hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1120, receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0180] In some examples, the communication manager 1120, receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured to or otherwise support elements for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor and a memory coupled to at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in memory by at least one processor).

[0181] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 1120, receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by at least one processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 1120, receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., components configured or otherwise supported for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0182] In some examples, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to use or otherwise coordinate with the receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 1120 may receive information from the receiver 1110, transmit information to the transmitter 1115, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0183] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1120 can support wireless communication at network entities. For example, the communication manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a first instruction, including a request to participate in a hierarchical partitioned data sharing session, to multiple user equipments (UEs) in which the multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. The communication manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a second instruction, including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioned data sharing session, in response to sending the first instruction. The communication manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a third instruction, including a public identifier assigned to a first set of UEs within the disjoint sets of UEs, at least in part based on receiving the second instruction, to the multiple UEs, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0184] According to the examples described herein, by including or configuring the communication manager 1120, the device 1105 (e.g., controlling the receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, communication manager 1120, or a combination thereof, or at least one processor otherwise coupled to the receiver, the transmitter, the communication manager, or a combination thereof) can support techniques for data coordination and feature extraction, resulting in reduced signaling overhead, improved utilization of available system resources, improved feature detection and feature extraction, and improved user experience.

[0185] Figure 12 A block diagram 1200 illustrates a device 1205 for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 1205 may be an example of aspects of device 1105 or network entity 105 as described herein. Device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communication manager 1220. Device 1205 may also include at least one processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0186] Receiver 1210 may provide components for acquiring (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information (such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units)) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). The information may be passed to other components of device 1205. In some examples, receiver 1210 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1210 may support acquiring information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0187] Transmitter 1215 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of device 1205. For example, transmitter 1215 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 1215 and receiver 1210 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0188] Device 1205 or its various components may be examples of parts used to perform various aspects of hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system as described herein. For example, communication manager 1220 may include hierarchical data session request manager 1225, participation response message manager 1230, hierarchical partitioning manager 1235, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 1220 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 1120 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 1220 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with receiver 1210, transmitter 1215, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 1220 may receive information from receiver 1210, transmit information to transmitter 1215, or be integrated in combination with receiver 1210, transmitter 1215, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0189] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1220 can support wireless communication at network entities. The hierarchical data session request manager 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a first instruction, including a request to participate in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, to multiple user equipments (UEs) in which the multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data. The participation response message manager 1230 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a second instruction, including a response message indicating participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, in response to sending the first instruction. The hierarchical partitioning manager 1235 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a third instruction, including a public identifier assigned to a first set of UEs in the disjoint sets of UEs, at least in part based on receiving the second instruction, to multiple UEs, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0190] Figure 13 A block diagram 1300 illustrates a communication manager 1320 supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. The communication manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1120, communication manager 1220, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1320 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1320 may include a hierarchical data session request manager 1325, a participation response message manager 1330, a hierarchical partitioning manager 1335, a leadership assignment manager 1340, a feature extraction manager 1345, a partitioning report manager 1350, a parameter manager 1355, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses), and such communication may include communication within the protocol layers of the protocol stack, communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between the protocol layers of the protocol stack, within devices, components or virtualization components associated with network entity 105, between devices, components or virtualization components associated with network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0191] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1320 can support wireless communication at network entities. The hierarchical data session request manager 1325 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a first instruction, including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, to multiple user equipments (UEs) in which the multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. The participation response message manager 1330 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a second instruction, including a response message indicating participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, in response to sending the first instruction. The hierarchical partitioning manager 1335 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a third instruction, including a public identifier assigned to a first set of UEs within the disjoint sets of UEs, at least in part based on receiving the second instruction, to the multiple UEs, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0192] In some examples, the participation response message manager 1330 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a fourth indication of the availability of a first UE acting as a leader UE, wherein the fourth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from a second indication. In some examples, the leader assignment manager 1340 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a fifth indication that the first UE is a leader UE of a first UE set, wherein the fifth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from a third indication. In some examples, the feature extraction manager 1345 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving, at least partially in part, an indication from each leader UE in a disjoint set of UEs, including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data, of one or more extracted features associated with combined sensor and data and raw measurement data, based on unicast signaling received by each leader UE from each corresponding UE in each of the disjoint sets of UEs.

[0193] In some examples, sending the first UE is the fifth instruction of the leading UE, at least in part based on receiving an instruction from the first UE that it can act as the leading UE.

[0194] In some examples, the parameter manager 1355 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving one or more parameters, including location information, the amount of sensor data generated by the first UE, computing power associated with the first UE, or any combination thereof, wherein receiving an instruction from the first UE that the leading UE is based at least in part on the one or more parameters.

[0195] In some examples, the partitioning report manager 1350 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving partitioning report information from one or more UEs in a first UE set, including one or more of the following: raw sensor data and raw measurement data associated with the first UE set, sensor data extraction information associated with the first UE set, location information associated with the first UE or the first UE set, object occlusion information associated with the first UE set, partitioning cost information of sensor data associated with one or more UEs in a second set of disjoint UE sets, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the hierarchical partitioning manager 1335 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a public identifier of the first UE set indicating an update of the first UE set, an update indication of the new leader UE, or any combination thereof to the first UE set, the second UE set, or both.

[0196] In some examples, the partitioning cost information includes cost values ​​associated with the partitioning between the first UE set and the second UE set.

[0197] In some examples, the partitioning cost information includes an indication of a reduction in the level of feature extraction accuracy associated with sensor data shared by the first UE set, at least in part based on one or more UEs from the second UE set that are not present in the first UE set. In some examples, a sixth indication is sent at least in part based on the partitioning cost information.

[0198] In some examples, sharing raw sensor data includes sharing radio detection and ranging data, illumination detection and ranging data, camera image data, stereo vision image data, velocity information, positioning information, or any combination thereof.

[0199] In some examples, shared raw measurement data includes radio channel statistics, channel state information, or combinations thereof for a shared vehicle UE or a cellular UE paired with that vehicle UE or any combination thereof.

[0200] In some examples, the feature extraction output is based at least in part on aggregated sensor data, wireless data, and raw data, and includes object delimitation, anti-location estimation, object orientation estimation, object detection, object classification, confidence measurement, mapping, compression of wireless channel information, or any combination thereof.

[0201] Figure 14 A diagram illustrates a system 1400 including a device 1405 supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 1405 may be an example of device 1105, device 1205, or network entity 105 as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 1405 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, and this communication may include communication via one or more wired interfaces, one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. Device 1405 may include components supporting output and obtaining communication, such as a communication manager 1420, a transceiver 1410, an antenna 1415, at least one memory 1425, code 1430, and at least one processor 1435. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1440).

[0202] Transceiver 1410 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both, as described herein. In some examples, transceiver 1410 may include a wired transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, transceiver 1410 may include a wireless transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, device 1405 may include one or more antennas 1415 that are capable of (e.g., concurrently) transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1410 may also include a modem for: modulating a signal; providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1415, via a wired transmitter); receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1415, from a wired receiver); and demodulating the signal. In some embodiments, transceiver 1410 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1415 configured to support various receive or acquire operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1415 configured to support various transmit or output operations, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 1410 may include one or more processor or memory components or be configured to couple thereto, the one or more processor or memory components being operable to perform or support operations at least in part based on received or acquired information or signals, or generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 1410, or transceiver 1410 and one or more antennas 1415, or transceiver 1410 and one or more antennas 1415 and one or more processor or memory components (e.g., at least one processor 1435, or at least one memory 1425, or both) may be included in a wafer or wafer assembly mounted in device 1405. In some examples, the transceiver may be able to operate to support communication via one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, and fronthaul communication link 168).

[0203] At least one memory 1425 may include RAM and ROM. At least one memory 1425 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1430, including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 1435, cause device 1405 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1430 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1430 may not be directly executable by at least one processor 1435, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, at least one memory 1425 may also include a BIOS that controls basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0204] At least one processor 1435 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 1435 may be configured to operate at least one memory array using at least one memory controller. In some other cases, at least one memory controller may be integrated into at least one processor 1435. At least one processor 1435 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in at least one memory (e.g., at least one memory 1425) to cause device 1405 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system). For example, device 1405 or components of device 1405 may include at least one processor 1435 and a memory 1425 coupled to or coupled to at least one processor 1435, wherein at least one processor 1435 and memory 1425 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. At least one processor 1435 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that can (e.g., by executing code 1430) host functions for performing the functions of device 1405. At least one processor 1435 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 1405 (such as within memory 1425). In some implementations, at least one processor 1435 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system can generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receive input and process that input to generate a set of outputs (which can be passed to other systems or components, such as device 1405). For example, the processing system of device 1405 may refer to a system that includes various other components or sub-components of device 1405 (such as at least one processor 1435, transceiver 1410, communication manager 1420, or other components or combinations of components of device 1405). The processing system of device 1405 can interface with other components of device 1405 and can process information (such as inputs or signals) received from other components or output information to other components. For example, the chip or modem of device 1405 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information or for acquiring information, or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to acquire information, or the same interface configured to both output and acquire information, and other specific implementations.In some embodiments, the one or more interfaces may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the transmitter, enabling device 1405 to send information output from the chip or modem. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the one or more interfaces may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the receiver, enabling device 1405 to receive information or signal input, and such information can be transmitted to the processing system. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the first interface may also receive information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0205] In some examples, bus 1440 may support communication at protocol layers (e.g., within a protocol layer) in a protocol stack. In some examples, bus 1440 may support communication associated with logical channels of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack), which may include communication performed within components of device 1405, or communication performed between different components of device 1405 that are co-addressable or may be located in different locations (e.g., where device 1405 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1420, transceiver 1410, at least one memory 1425, code 1430 and at least one processor 1435 may be located in one of the different components or partitioned between the different components).

[0206] In some examples, the communication manager 1420 may manage aspects of communication with the core network 130, such as via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links. For example, the communication manager 1420 may manage the delivery of data communications by client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1420 may manage communication with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for cooperating with other network entities 105 to control communication with UE 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1420 may support an X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0207] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1420 can support wireless communication at network entities. For example, the communication manager 1420 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a first instruction, including a request to participate in a hierarchical partitioned data sharing session, to multiple user equipments (UEs) in which the multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. The communication manager 1420 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a second instruction, including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioned data sharing session, in response to sending the first instruction. The communication manager 1420 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a third instruction, including a publicly disclosed identifier of a first set of UEs assigned to a disjoint set of UEs, at least in part based on receiving the second instruction, to multiple UEs, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the publicly disclosed identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0208] According to the examples described herein, by including or configuring the communication manager 1420, the device 1405 can support technologies for data coordination and feature extraction, resulting in reduced signaling overhead, improved utilization of available system resources, improved feature detection and feature extraction, improved security features, reduced occlusion, and improved user experience.

[0209] In some examples, the communication manager 1420 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, acquire, monitor, output, transmit) using or in cooperation with transceiver 1410, one or more antennas 1415 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1420 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1420 may be supported by or performed by transceiver 1410, at least one processor 1435, at least one memory 1425, code 1430, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1430 may include instructions executable by at least one processor 1435 to cause device 1405 to perform various aspects of hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a sensing wireless communication system as described herein, or at least one processor 1435 and at least one memory 1425 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0210] Figure 15A flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to aspects of this disclosure is shown. The operation of method 1500 can be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operation of method 1500 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 10 The described UE 115 is used to perform this function. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless UE to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0211] At 1505, the method may include receiving a first indication including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, in which multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. Operation of 1505 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1505 may be as described in reference to... Figure 9 The described hierarchical data session request component 925 is executed.

[0212] At 1510, the method may include sending a second indication in response to receiving a first indication, including a response message indicating participation in a hierarchical data sharing session. The operation of 1510 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1510 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 9 The described participation response message component 930 is used to execute.

[0213] In 1515, the method may include at least in part receiving a third indication based on sending a second indication, including a publicly disclosed identifier assigned to a first set of a plurality of disjoint sets of UEs, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the publicly disclosed identifier is associated with a leading UE within the first set of UEs (e.g., assigned to, corresponding to, or indicating said leading UE). Operation of 1515 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1515 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 9 The described hierarchical partitioning component 935 is executed.

[0214] Figure 16 A flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to aspects of this disclosure is shown. As described herein, operation of method 1600 may be implemented by a UE (which may be referred to as a first UE) or a component thereof. For example, operation of method 1600 may be performed by UE 115 (e.g., a leading UE), as referred to... Figures 1 to 10Described. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0215] At 1605, the method may include receiving a first indication including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, in which multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. Operation of 1605 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1605 may be as described in reference to... Figure 9 The described hierarchical data session request component 925 is executed.

[0216] At 1610, the method may include sending a second indication in response to receiving a first indication, including a response message indicating participation in a hierarchical data sharing session. Operation of 1610 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1610 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 9 The described participation response message component 930 is used to execute.

[0217] At 1615, the method may include sending a fourth indication indicating the availability of the first UE as a leading UE, wherein the fourth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the second indication. Operation of 1615 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1615 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described participation response message component 930 is used to execute.

[0218] At 1620, the method may include at least in part receiving a third instruction based on sending a second instruction, comprising a publicly disclosed identifier assigned to a first set of disjoint UE sets, wherein the first UE set includes a first UE and the publicly disclosed identifier is associated with a leading UE within the first UE set (e.g., assigned to, corresponding to, or indicating said leading UE). Operation of 1620 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1620 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described hierarchical partitioning component 935 is used for execution.

[0219] At 1625, the method may include receiving a fifth indication that the first UE is a leading UE of the first UE set, wherein the fifth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the third indication. Operation of 1625 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1625 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The aforementioned leadership assignment component 940 is used to execute this.

[0220] At 1630, the method may include receiving unicast signaling, including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data, from each corresponding UE in the first UE set, based at least in part on the fact that the public identifier of the leading UE is the same as the public identifier of the first UE. The operation of 1630 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1630 may be provided by reference to [reference]. Figure 9 The described data component 945 is used for execution.

[0221] Figure 17 A flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to aspects of this disclosure is shown. As described herein, operation of method 1700 may be implemented by a UE (which may be referred to as a first UE) or a component thereof. For example, operation of method 1700 may be performed by UE 115 (e.g., a non-leader UE), as referred to Figures 1 to 10 Described. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0222] At 1705, the method may include receiving a first indication including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, in which multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. Operation of 1705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1705 may be provided by reference to... Figure 9 The described hierarchical data session request component 925 is executed.

[0223] At 1710, the method may include sending a second indication in response to receiving a first indication, including a response message indicating participation in a hierarchical data sharing session. The operation of 1710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1710 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 9 The described participation response message component 930 is used to execute.

[0224] At 1715, the method may include receiving a third instruction, at least in part, based on sending a second instruction, including a publicly disclosed identifier assigned to a first set of a plurality of disjoint sets of UEs, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the publicly disclosed identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs. The operation of 1715 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1715 may be derived from references... Figure 9 The described hierarchical partitioning component 935 is used for execution.

[0225] At 1720, the method may include an indication that the second UE receiving the first set of UEs is a leading UE, wherein the indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from a third indication. Operation of 1720 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1720 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 9 The aforementioned leadership assignment component 940 is used to execute this.

[0226] At 1725, the method may include transmitting unicast signaling, including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data, from the first UE to the second UE, based at least in part on an instruction that the second UE is the leading UE. The operation of 1725 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1725 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 9 The described data component 945 is used for execution.

[0227] Figure 18 A flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to aspects of this disclosure is shown. As described herein, the operation of method 1800 may be implemented by a network entity (e.g., such as network entity 105) or its components. For example, the operation of method 1800 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figures 11 to 14 The network entity described herein performs the function. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0228] At 1805, the method may include sending a first instruction, including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, to multiple user equipments (UEs) in which the multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. The operation of 1805 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1805 may be provided by reference to...Figure 13 The described hierarchical data session request manager 1325 is used to execute this.

[0229] At 1810, the method may include receiving a second indication in response to sending a first indication, including a response message indicating participation in a hierarchical data sharing session. The operation of 1810 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1810 may be provided by reference to... Figure 13 The described participation response message manager 1330 is used to execute.

[0230] At 1815, the method may include sending a third instruction, at least in part based on receiving a second instruction, to a plurality of UEs, including a publicly disclosed identifier assigned to a first set of a plurality of disjoint UE sets, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE (e.g., a leading UE and at least one non-leading UE) and the publicly disclosed identifier is associated with the leading UE within the first set of UEs. The operation of 1815 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1815 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 13 The described hierarchical partitioning manager 1335 is used for execution.

[0231] Figure 19 A flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for hierarchical partitioning and sensor data aggregation in a supporting sensing wireless communication system according to aspects of this disclosure is shown. The operation of method 1900 can be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operation of method 1900 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figures 11 to 14 The network entity described herein performs the function. In some examples, the network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0232] At 1905, the method may include sending a first instruction, including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, to multiple user equipments (UEs) in which the multiple UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and raw measurement data. The operation of 1905 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1905 may be provided by reference to... Figure 13 The described hierarchical data session request manager 1325 is used to execute this.

[0233] At 1910, the method may include receiving a second indication in response to sending a first indication, including a response message indicating participation in a hierarchical data sharing session. The operation of 1910 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1910 may be provided by reference to... Figure 13 The described participation response message manager 1330 is used to execute.

[0234] At 1915, the method may include receiving a fourth indication indicating the availability of a first UE (e.g., at least a portion of a set of multiple UEs) acting as a leading UE, wherein the fourth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the second indication. Operation at 1915 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation at 1915 may be provided by reference to... Figure 13 The described participation response message manager 1330 is used to execute.

[0235] At 1920, the method may include sending a third instruction, at least in part, to a plurality of UEs, based on receiving a second instruction, including a publicly disclosed identifier assigned to a first set of a plurality of disjoint UE sets, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE (e.g., a leading UE and at least one non-leading UE) and the publicly disclosed identifier is associated with the leading UE within the first set of UEs. The operation of 1920 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1920 may be derived from references... Figure 13 The described hierarchical partitioning manager 1335 is used for execution.

[0236] At point 1925, the method may include sending a fifth indication that the first UE is a leading UE of the first UE set, wherein the fifth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the third indication. The operation of point 1925 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of point 1925 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 13 The described leader assignment manager 1340 is used to execute this.

[0237] At 1930, the method may include, at least in part, receiving from each of the disjoint sets of UEs a unicast signaling, including raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data, an instruction to each of the leader UEs in the disjoint sets of UEs to receive one or more extracted features associated with the combined sensor and data and raw measurement data, based on each leader UE receiving from each corresponding UE in each of the disjoint sets of UEs. The operation of 1930 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1930 may be provided by reference to... Figure 13 The described feature extraction manager 1345 is used to perform this.

[0238] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure:

[0239] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first UE, the method comprising: receiving a first indication including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, wherein a plurality of UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data; in response to receiving the first indication, transmitting a second indication including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session; and receiving, at least in part, a third indication including a public identifier assigned to a first set of UEs in the disjoint sets of UEs based on transmitting the second indication, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0240] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, the method further includes: sending a fourth indication indicating the availability of the first UE as the leader UE, wherein the fourth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the second indication; receiving a fifth indication that the first UE is the leader UE in the first UE set, wherein the fifth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the third indication; and receiving unicast signaling including the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and local feature data from each corresponding UE in the first UE set, at least in part based on the fact that the public identifier of the leader UE is the same as the public identifier of the first UE.

[0241] Aspect 3: According to the method of aspect 2, the method further includes: sending an instruction to a network entity for one or more extracted features associated with the combined raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data, based at least in part on the first UE receiving unicast signaling including the raw sensor, the raw measurement data, and the local feature data.

[0242] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 3, wherein receiving the fifth instruction that the first UE is the leading UE is at least in part based on sending the fourth instruction that the first UE is capable of performing as the leading UE.

[0243] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 4, the method further comprising: sending one or more parameters including location information, the amount of sensor data generated by the first UE, computing power associated with the first UE, or any combination thereof, wherein the fifth indication that the first UE is the leading UE is at least in part based on the one or more parameters.

[0244] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 5, further comprising: sending partitioning report information including one or more of the following to a network entity: sensor data associated with the first UE set, sensor data extraction information associated with the first UE set, location information associated with the first UE or the first UE set, object occlusion information associated with the first UE set, partitioning cost information associated with sensor data associated with one or more UEs included in the first UE set and one or more UEs excluded from the first UE set but included in the disjoint plurality of UE sets, or any combination thereof; and receiving the public identifier of the updated first UE set in the disjoint plurality of UE sets indicating an update, an update indication of a new leading UE, or a sixth indication of any combination thereof.

[0245] Aspect 7: According to the method of aspect 6, the method further includes: calculating a cost value associated with the partitioning between the first UE set and the second UE set, the partitioning cost information being based on the received raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and local feature data.

[0246] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 6 to 7, wherein the partitioning cost information includes an indication of a reduction in the level of feature extraction accuracy associated with sensor data shared by the first UE set having the leading UE, based at least in part on the absence of one or more UEs in the second UE set in the first UE set; and receiving the sixth indication based at least in part on the partitioning cost information.

[0247] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: broadcasting, at least in part, an instruction to a plurality of UEs within and outside the first set of UEs, an instruction for one or more extracted features associated with the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data, based on an existing connection for feature data sharing between the first UE and the plurality of UEs.

[0248] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising: receiving an indication that a second UE in the first set of UEs is the leading UE, wherein the indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the third indication; and transmitting unicast signaling, including the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and local feature data, from the first UE to the second UE, at least in part based on the indication that the second UE is the leading UE.

[0249] Aspect 11: The method according to aspect 10, the method further comprising: receiving, at least in part, a broadcast message from the second UE including one or more extracted features associated with the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and the local feature data based on transmitting unicast signaling including the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and the local feature data.

[0250] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 10 to 11, the method further comprising: transmitting the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, an indication of one or more locally extracted features associated with the raw sensor data or the raw measurement data, or any combination thereof, to a network entity.

[0251] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the shared raw sensor data includes shared radio detection and ranging data, illumination detection and ranging data, camera image data, stereo vision image data, velocity information, positioning information, or any combination thereof.

[0252] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein the shared raw measurement data includes radio channel statistics, channel state information, or any combination thereof of a shared vehicle UE or a cellular UE paired with the vehicle UE or any combination thereof.

[0253] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein the feature extraction output is based at least in part on aggregated sensor data, wireless data, and raw data and includes object delimitation, anti-location estimation, object orientation estimation, object detection, object classification, confidence measurement, mapping, compression of wireless channel information, or any combination thereof.

[0254] Aspect 16: A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: sending a first instruction including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioned data sharing session to a plurality of user equipments (UEs), wherein the plurality of UEs are grouped into disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data; receiving a second instruction including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical partitioned data sharing session in response to sending the first instruction; and sending a third instruction including a public identifier assigned to a first set of UEs in the disjoint sets of UEs, at least in part based on receiving the second instruction, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

[0255] Aspect 17: The method according to aspect 16, the method further comprising: receiving a fourth indication indicating the availability of the first UE as the leader UE, wherein the fourth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the second indication; transmitting a fifth indication that the first UE is the leader UE in the first set of UEs, wherein the fifth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the third indication; and receiving, at least in part, an indication from each leader UE of the disjoint set of UEs of receiving unicast signaling including the raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data from each corresponding UE in each disjoint set of UEs of the disjoint set of UEs of the leader UE ... leader UE of the disjoint set of UEs of the leader UE of the leader UE of the leader UE of the disjoint set of UEs of the leader UE of the leader UE of the leader

[0256] Aspect 18: The method according to aspect 17, wherein the fifth indication that the first UE is the leading UE is at least partially based on receiving the indication that the first UE is capable of performing as the leading UE.

[0257] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 18, the method further comprising: receiving one or more parameters including location information, the amount of sensor data generated by the first UE, computing power associated with the first UE, or any combination thereof, wherein the indication that the first UE is the leading UE is at least in part based on the one or more parameters.

[0258] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 19, the method further comprising: receiving from one or more UEs of the first UE set partitioning report information including one or more of the following: the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data associated with the first UE set, sensor data extraction information associated with the first UE set, positioning information associated with the first UE or the first UE set, object occlusion information associated with the first UE set, partitioning cost information of sensor data associated with one or more UEs of the second UE set of the disjoint plurality of UE sets, or any combination thereof; and sending a sixth indication indicating the public identifier of the updated first UE set in the updated disjoint plurality of UE sets, an update indication of the new leader UE, or any combination thereof to the first UE set, the second UE set, or both.

[0259] Aspect 21: According to the method of aspect 20, the partitioning cost information includes cost values ​​associated with the partitioning between the first set of UEs and the second set of UEs.

[0260] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 to 21, wherein the partitioning cost information includes an indication of a reduction in the level of feature extraction accuracy associated with sensor data shared by the first UE set having the leading UE, based at least in part on the absence of one or more UEs in the second UE set in the first UE set; and the sixth indication is sent based at least in part on the partitioning cost information.

[0261] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 22, wherein the shared raw sensor data includes shared radio detection and ranging data, illumination detection and ranging data, camera image data, stereo vision image data, velocity information, positioning information, or any combination thereof.

[0262] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 23, wherein the shared raw measurement data includes radio channel statistics, channel state information, or any combination thereof of a shared vehicle UE or a cellular UE paired with the vehicle UE or any combination thereof.

[0263] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 24, wherein the feature extraction output is based at least in part on aggregated sensor data, wireless data, and raw data and includes object delimitation, anti-location estimation, object orientation estimation, object detection, object classification, confidence measurement, mapping, compression of wireless channel information, or any combination thereof.

[0264] Aspect 26: An apparatus for performing wireless communication in a first UE, the apparatus comprising at least one processor; a memory coupled to the at least one processor; and instructions stored in the at least one memory and executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15.

[0265] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE, comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0266] Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first UE, the code including instructions executable by at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of methods 1 to 15.

[0267] Aspect 29: An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising at least one processor; a memory coupled to the at least one processor; and instructions stored in the at least one memory and executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 25.

[0268] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 16 to 25.

[0269] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a network entity, said code including instructions executable by at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 16 to 25.

[0270] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible specific implementations, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other specific implementations are also possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more of these methods can be combined.

[0271] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein are also applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described may be applicable to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0272] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0273] The various exemplary blocks and components described herein can be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, the at least one processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The at least one processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0274] The functions described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by at least one processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software executed by at least one processor, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code in a computer-readable medium, or transmitted using one or more instructions or code in a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by at least one processor, hardware, firmware, hardwired, or any combination thereof. Features implementing the functions can also be physically located in different locations, including various portions distributed such that the functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[0275] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one location to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compressed optical disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code components in the form of instructions or data structures, and accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of computer-readable media. As used herein, disks and optical discs include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital multifunction discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks can reproduce data magnetically, while optical discs can reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0276] As used herein (including in the claims), the word "or" used in an enumeration of items (e.g., an enumeration of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive enumeration, such that an enumeration of at least one of, for example, A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0277] The term "determine" encompasses a variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), identification, and similar actions. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory), etc. Moreover, "determine" can include parsing, acquiring, selecting, choosing, creating, and other similar actions.

[0278] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, various components of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dash after the reference numeral and a second numeral for differentiation between similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the specification, the description can be applied to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0279] The description herein, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an example configuration and does not represent all achievable examples or those within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "used as an example, instance, or illustration," not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details used to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concept of the described examples.

[0280] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus for performing wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one memory includes instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the device to: Receive a first instruction including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, in which multiple UEs are grouped into multiple disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data. In response to receiving the first indication, a second indication is sent, including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical data sharing session; as well as The third instruction, which includes a public identifier assigned to a first set of the disjoint UE sets, is received at least in part based on sending the second instruction. The first set of UE sets includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UE sets.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Send a fourth indication indicating the availability of the first UE as the leading UE, wherein the fourth indication is multiplexed with the second indication, included in the second indication, or separate from the second indication; Receiving a fifth indication that the first UE is the leading UE in the first UE set, wherein the fifth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the third indication; and Unicast signaling, including the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and local feature data, is received from each corresponding UE in the first UE set, at least in part, based on the fact that the public identifier of the leading UE is the same as the public identifier of the first UE.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The first UE receives unicast signaling including the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and the local feature data to send an instruction to a network entity for extracting one or more features associated with the combined raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and local feature data.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein receiving the fifth indication that the first UE is the leading UE is at least in part based on sending the fourth indication that the first UE is capable of performing as the leading UE.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Sending one or more parameters including location information, the amount of sensor data generated by the first UE, computing power associated with the first UE, or any combination thereof, wherein the fifth indication that the first UE is the leading UE is at least in part based on the one or more parameters.

6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The segmentation report information, including one or more of the following, is sent to the network entity: sensor data associated with the first UE set, sensor data extraction information associated with the first UE set, location information associated with the first UE or the first UE set, object occlusion information associated with the first UE set, segmentation cost information of sensor data associated with one or more UEs included in the first UE set and one or more UEs excluded from the first UE set but included in the multiple disjoint UE sets, or any combination thereof; and The public identifier of the first set of UEs receiving the update instruction, the update instruction of the new leader UE, or a sixth instruction of any combination thereof, from among a plurality of disjoint sets of UEs.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Calculate the cost value associated with the partitioning between the first UE set and the second UE set, the partitioning cost information being based on the received raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and the local feature data.

8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: The partitioning cost information includes an indication of a reduction in feature extraction accuracy levels associated with sensor data shared by the first UE set having the leading UE, based at least in part on the absence of one or more UEs in the second UE set from the first UE set; and The sixth instruction is received at least in part based on the partition cost information.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Based at least in part on existing connections for feature data sharing between the first UE and the plurality of UEs, instructions for one or more extracted features associated with the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data are broadcast to the plurality of UEs inside and outside the first UE set.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The instruction that the second UE in the first UE set is the leading UE is received, wherein the instruction is multiplexed with the second instruction, included in the second instruction, or separate from the second instruction; and Unicast signaling, including the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and local feature data, is transmitted from the first UE to the second UE, based at least in part on the instruction that the second UE is the leading UE.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The second UE receives a broadcast message containing one or more extracted features associated with the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and the local feature data, at least in part, based on the transmission of unicast signaling including the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and the local feature data.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Send the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, an indication of one or more locally extracted features associated with the raw sensor data or the raw measurement data, or any combination thereof, to the network entity.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shared raw sensor data includes shared radio detection and ranging data, illumination detection and ranging data, camera image data, stereo vision image data, velocity information, positioning information, or any combination thereof.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shared raw measurement data includes radio channel statistics, channel state information, or any combination thereof of a shared vehicle UE or a cellular UE paired with the vehicle UE or any combination thereof.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the feature extraction output is based at least in part on aggregated sensor data, wireless data, and raw data and includes object delimitation, anti-location estimation, object orientation estimation, object detection, object classification, confidence measurement, mapping, compression of wireless channel information, or any combination thereof.

16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one memory includes instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the device to: A first instruction, including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, is sent to multiple user equipment (UEs) in which the multiple UEs are grouped into multiple disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data. In response to sending the first indication, a second indication is received, which includes a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical data sharing session; as well as At least in part based on receiving the second instruction, a third instruction is sent to the plurality of UEs, including a public identifier assigned to a first set of UEs in the plurality of disjoint UE sets, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Receive a fourth indication indicating the availability of the first UE to act as the leading UE, wherein the fourth indication is multiplexed with the second indication, included in the second indication, or separate from the second indication; Sending a fifth indication that the first UE is the leading UE of the first UE set, wherein the fifth indication is multiplexed with, included in, or separate from the third indication; and At least in part, based on each leader UE receiving unicast signaling from each corresponding UE in each of the disjoint sets of UEs, including the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and local feature data, an instruction is received from each leader UE in the disjoint sets of UEs to receive one or more extracted features associated with the combined raw sensor data and raw measurement data.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the fifth instruction that the first UE is the leading UE is at least in part based on receiving the instruction that the first UE is capable of performing as the leading UE.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: The system receives one or more parameters, including location information, the amount of sensor data generated by the first UE, computing power associated with the first UE, or any combination thereof, wherein the indication that the first UE is the leading UE is at least in part based on the one or more parameters.

20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: Receive segmentation report information from one or more UEs in the first UE set, including one or more of the following: the raw sensor data and raw measurement data associated with the first UE set, sensor data extraction information associated with the first UE set, positioning information associated with the first UE or the first UE set, object occlusion information associated with the first UE set, segmentation cost information of sensor data associated with one or more UEs in the second UE set of the disjoint UE sets, or any combination thereof; and The public identifier of the first UE set indicating the update of the first set of multiple disjoint UE sets, the update indication of the new leader UE of the updated first UE set, or a sixth indication of any combination thereof, is sent to the first UE set, the second UE set, or both.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the partitioning cost information includes a cost value associated with the partitioning between the first set of UEs and the second set of UEs.

22. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein: The partitioning cost information includes an indication of a reduction in feature extraction accuracy levels associated with sensor data shared by the first UE set having the leading UE, based at least in part on the absence of one or more UEs in the second UE set from the first UE set; and The sixth instruction is sent based at least in part on the partition cost information.

23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the shared raw sensor data includes shared radio detection and ranging data, illumination detection and ranging data, camera image data, stereo vision image data, velocity information, positioning information, or any combination thereof.

24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the shared raw measurement data includes radio channel statistics, channel state information, or any combination thereof of a shared vehicle UE or a cellular UE paired with the vehicle UE or any combination thereof.

25. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the feature extraction output is based at least in part on aggregated sensor data, wireless data, and raw data and includes object bounding boxes, object location estimation, object orientation estimation, object detection, object classification, confidence values, mapping, compression of wireless channel information, or any combination thereof.

26. A method for conducting wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Receive a first instruction including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, in which multiple UEs are grouped into multiple disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data. In response to receiving the first indication, a second indication is sent, including a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical data sharing session; as well as The third instruction, which includes a public identifier assigned to a first set of the disjoint UE sets, is received at least in part based on sending the second instruction. The first set of UE sets includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UE sets.

27. The method according to claim 26, further comprising: Send a fourth indication indicating the availability of the first UE as the leading UE, wherein the fourth indication is multiplexed with the second indication, included in the second indication, or separate from the second indication; The first UE is a fifth indication that the leading UE in the first UE set is received, wherein the fifth indication is multiplexed with the third indication, included in the third indication, or separate from the third indication; as well as Unicast signaling, including the raw sensor data, the raw measurement data, and local feature data, is received from each corresponding UE in the first UE set, at least in part, based on the fact that the public identifier of the leading UE is the same as the public identifier of the first UE.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising: The segmentation report information, including one or more of the following, is sent to the network entity: sensor data associated with the first UE set, sensor data extraction information associated with the first UE set, location information associated with the first UE or the first UE set, object occlusion information associated with the first UE set, segmentation cost information of sensor data associated with one or more UEs included in the first UE set and one or more UEs excluded from the first UE set but included in the multiple disjoint UE sets, or any combination thereof; and The public identifier of the first set of UEs receiving the update instruction, the update instruction of the new leader UE, or a sixth instruction of any combination thereof, from among a plurality of disjoint sets of UEs.

29. The method according to claim 26, further comprising: Based at least in part on existing connections for feature data sharing between the first UE and the plurality of UEs, instructions for one or more extracted features associated with the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data are broadcast to the plurality of UEs inside and outside the first UE set.

30. A method for conducting wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: A first instruction, including a request to initiate participation in a hierarchical partitioning-based data sharing session, is sent to multiple user equipment (UEs) in which the multiple UEs are grouped into multiple disjoint sets of UEs for sharing raw sensor data, raw measurement data, and feature extraction outputs corresponding to the raw sensor data and the raw measurement data. In response to sending the first indication, a second indication is received, which includes a response message indicating participation in the hierarchical data sharing session; as well as At least in part based on receiving the second instruction, a third instruction is sent to the plurality of UEs, including a public identifier assigned to a first set of UEs in the plurality of disjoint UE sets, wherein the first set of UEs includes a first UE and the public identifier is associated with a leader UE within the first set of UEs.

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