Polygonatum cyrtonema high-yield cultivation method based on dynamic ridge expansion and ecological shading

Abstract

The invention discloses a polygonatum cyrtonema high-yield cultivation method based on dynamic ridge expansion and ecological shading, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: selecting high-quality seed stems; the seedlings are placed in ridges in a high-density single-row mode, and bud heads face the two sides alternately during placement; sowing high-stem crops at ridge edges in the early growth stage and in furrows in the later growth stage so as to ecologically shade and improve the soil structure; fine weeding is carried out by adopting a partitioning strategy; and a dynamic management mode of'year-by-year ridge expansion and fertilization 'is adopted. Compared with a traditional fixed ridge mode, the yield per mu can be remarkably increased by 27% or above, the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, meanwhile, the weeding labor cost is greatly reduced, and the soil structure and fertility are effectively improved. According to the method, the biological characteristics of the polygonatum cyrtonema are accurately matched, the problems of low utilization rate of fixed ridge cultivation organic fertilizer, high weeding cost, later soil hardening, serious root rot and high shading cost are effectively solved, the yield and commodity quality of the polygonatum cyrtonema are remarkably improved, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Chinese medicinal herb cultivation technology, specifically to a high-yield cultivation method for Polygonatum multiflorum based on dynamic ridge expansion and ecological shading. Background Technology

[0002] Polygonatum is a traditional Chinese medicine with functions such as replenishing qi and nourishing yin, strengthening the spleen, moistening the lungs, and benefiting the kidneys. The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China stipulates that the source plants of Polygonatum include those of the Liliaceae family. Liliaceae Polygonatum Polygonatum Polygonatum sibiricum Polygonatum sibiricum Yunnan Polygonatum Polygonatum kingianum coll.et Hemsl and Polygonatum multiflorum Polygonatum cyrtonema .

[0003] Polygonatum multiflorum is a perennial herb that sprouts in spring and dies back in winter. Its rhizomes grow horizontally and develop nodular growth year by year. The most common planting method is to plant it on raised beds 80-160 cm high, with 2-5 rows planted at a spacing of 20-30 cm between plants. This is combined with the use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides to increase yield and reduce weed damage. However, traditional cultivation of Polygonatum multiflorum relies heavily on the experience of scattered farmers, leading to several problems, such as: extensive planting methods: planting density and fertilization management lack scientific basis and standards, resulting in low and unstable yields; improper shading management: Polygonatum multiflorum prefers shade and is sensitive to direct sunlight, but excessive or insufficient shading will affect its growth, and traditional understory planting methods are greatly limited by the environment, making large-scale cultivation difficult; weed control challenges: the long growth cycle leads to severe weed infestation, and manual weeding throughout the process is costly, while the overuse of herbicides can easily cause phytotoxicity and residues; severe diseases: the long growth cycle leads to soil compaction and poor aeration; excessive application of chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides disrupts the soil's physical structure and microbial community balance, thereby exacerbating diseases, especially root rot in the later stages. Ignoring growth dynamics: the roots of Polygonatum multiflorum expand year by year, and traditional fixed-ridge cultivation methods lead to soil compaction and insufficient fertility in the later stages of growth, affecting nutrient absorption and tuber enlargement.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for an innovative method that can overcome the above-mentioned defects and achieve large-scale, standardized, high-yield and high-quality cultivation of Polygonatum multiflorum. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for Polygonatum multiflorum based on dynamic ridge expansion and ecological shading. This method, through innovative seed arrangement, annual ridge expansion and fertilization, combined with ecological shading and zoned weed control, significantly improves the yield and quality of Polygonatum multiflorum and is suitable for large-scale farmland cultivation.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A high-yield cultivation method for Polygonatum multiflorum based on dynamic ridge expansion and ecological shading, characterized by the following steps: a. During the winter dormancy period, dig shallow trenches with a row spacing of 80±5cm and apply organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. Mix the base fertilizer with soil and spread it out. Then cover it with soil to isolate it. Place the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum in a single row on top, with a spacing of 10-15cm between the rhizomes and the buds crossing towards both sides of the trench. Cover the rhizomes with soil from both sides to form a single ridge 30±3cm wide and a covering depth of 12±2cm. b. In the first spring, tall crops are sown along one side of the ridge for shade, and field weeding and topdressing are carried out. c. In the first winter, after the Polygonatum multiflorum seedlings die back, apply the first winter fertilizer and mound soil around the base of the plant, increasing the width of the ridges to 40±3cm. d. In the second year, repeat the field management of the first year, but increase the amount of topdressing, apply a second winter fertilizer in the winter of the second year, increase the amount of organic fertilizer, and increase the ridge width to 50±3cm; e. In the spring of the third year, tall crops were sown in the furrows with the density halved. Field management continued and the amount of topdressing was further increased. In the winter of the third year, a third winter fertilizer was applied, the amount of organic fertilizer was increased, and the width of the ridges was increased to 60±3cm. f. In the spring of the fourth year, continue field management using the same methods as in the third year, but increase the amount of topdressing. g. In the autumn and winter of the fourth year, harvest Polygonatum multiflorum.

[0007] Preferably, the Polygonatum multiflorum rhizome mentioned in step a is a fresh Polygonatum multiflorum rhizome weighing more than 10g, free from disease spots and damage, and with buds.

[0008] Preferably, the tall crop mentioned in steps b and e is any one of corn, sorghum, or sunflower.

[0009] Preferably, the topdressing management in step b involves three topdressings, applied at the end of March, the end of May, and the end of July, respectively. The first application is 5±0.5 kg / mu of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and the second and third applications are 12±0.5 kg / mu of fast-dissolving high-potassium compound fertilizer each time.

[0010] Preferably, the increased topdressing amount in step d is as follows: compared with the first year's topdressing, the first topdressing increases by 1 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per mu, and the second and third topdressings increase by 3 kg of fast-dissolving high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu; the increased topdressing amount in step e is as follows: compared with the second year's topdressing, the first topdressing increases by 1 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per mu, and the second and third topdressings increase by 3 kg of fast-dissolving high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu; the increased topdressing amount in the fourth year is as follows: compared with the third year, the first topdressing increases by 1 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per mu, and the second and third topdressings increase by 2 kg of fast-dissolving high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu.

[0011] Preferably, the weeding management in step b is zoned weeding, which is divided into furrow weeding and ridge weeding. The furrow weeding is carried out by mechanical tillage and is carried out once each in March, May and July before fertilization. The ridge weeding is carried out by manual weeding and is done at the same time as furrow weeding.

[0012] Preferably, the first winter fertilizer application in step c is 1000±50 kg / mu of well-rotted farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer; the second winter fertilizer application in step d is 1500±50 kg / mu of well-rotted farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer; and the third winter fertilizer application in step e is 2000±50 kg / mu of well-rotted farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer.

[0013] Preferably, the method for applying winter fertilizer in steps c, d, and e is as follows: dig trenches on both sides of the ridge to the visible root system, apply organic fertilizer and mix it evenly with the soil, and then mound soil to increase the ridge width and cover it with organic fertilizer.

[0014] Preferably, the amount of organic fertilizer used in step (a) is 1500±100 kg per mu.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Cost reduction and efficiency improvement: By adopting a single-row high-density planting method and a zoned precision weeding strategy, the area of ​​manual weeding on the ridges is small and the area of ​​mechanical weeding in the furrows is large without reducing the total number of plants. This effectively improves weeding efficiency, greatly reduces management costs, effectively controls pesticide residue risks, and improves the safety of medicinal materials.

[0016] Dynamic optimization: The innovative "gradual ridge expansion and fertilization" management model precisely matches the characteristics of the root system of Polygonatum odoratum expanding year by year and the rhizome growing horizontally. It provides new loose soil and sufficient nutrients to the root system every year, which completely solves the bottleneck problem of soil compaction and insufficient nutrition in the later stage of fixed ridge cultivation. It is the key to obtaining large size and high yield.

[0017] Efficient resource utilization: First, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and rationally apply organic fertilizers, adopting a strategy of increasing application year by year to improve fertilizer utilization and "reduce environmental pollution." Second, intercrop tall crops to balance soil fertility by utilizing the differences in nutrient requirements of different crops and reduce continuous cropping obstacles.

[0018] Ecological shading: Combined with the shading of tall crops, the early growth of Polygonatum odoratum seedlings requires a high degree of shade, and planting on ridges can provide effective shading; in the later stage, the shade of Polygonatum odoratum can be appropriately reduced to improve photosynthetic efficiency. Planting in furrows can be reduced by half, which avoids competition for fertilizer and water, and retains the marginal shading effect, thus achieving dual benefits of ecology and economy.

[0019] Soil improvement: By implementing phased shading management of tall crops, the light and temperature environment is optimized; at the same time, the roots of tall crops penetrate the soil, increasing soil porosity and enhancing soil aeration, water permeability, and fertilizer retention capacity. Their secretions stimulate the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, reducing root rot.

[0020] Standardization and scalability: This invention provides full-cycle, quantified technical parameters (time, dosage, spacing, etc.), which are easy to replicate and promote, and are conducive to promoting the transformation of Polygonatum multiflorum cultivation from traditional experience-based models to modern standardized agriculture. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 Photograph of trenching and applying organic fertilizer in Example 1; Figure 2 Photograph of a single row of Polygonatum multiflorum seed stems placed after the soil was mixed with organic fertilizer and leveled in Example 1; Figure 3 Photographs of seedlings emerging in the first year of Example 1; Figure 4 Photograph of winter fertilizer application in the first year of Example 1; Figure 5 This is a photo of seedlings emerging in the second year of Example 1; Figure 6 This is a photo of seedlings emerging in the third year of Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this does not limit the present invention in any way. Any modifications or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] The processes, conditions, reagents, and experimental methods used in implementing this invention, except as specifically mentioned below, are all common knowledge and general knowledge in the field, and this invention does not have any particular limitations. Experimental methods in the embodiments that do not specify specific conditions are generally performed under conventional conditions or as recommended by the manufacturer.

[0024] Unless otherwise stated, all technical terms and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. However, in the event of any conflict, the specification containing the definitions shall prevail.

[0025] Example 1 This invention was implemented at the Polygonatum odoratum planting base in Delong Town, Nanchuan District, Chongqing.

[0026] S1. Selection of seed stems: Select plump, disease-free, multi-flowered Solomon's seal seed stems with buds that weigh between 10-15g.

[0027] S2. Land preparation and planting: In December 2020, the land was deeply plowed to a depth of 35cm. Furrows were dug at 80cm row spacing, 20cm deep, and 1500 kg of well-rotted pig manure per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) was applied, mixed thoroughly with the soil, and then covered with soil for isolation (see...). Figure 1 Plant the seed stems in a single row, spaced 10-15cm apart, with the buds crossing over and facing both sides of the furrow (see...). Figure 2 Cover the seedlings with soil from both sides to form a narrow ridge 30±3cm wide and 12±2cm deep; S3. First year of management (2021). Figure 3 Photos of the first year's seedlings: Single-row corn was sown on the ridges in mid-April. Weeding: Furrow weeding was carried out mechanically by tilling, once each in March, May, and July before fertilization; ridge weeding was done manually, at the same time as furrow weeding. The first topdressing was applied on March 28th, with 5 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per mu (0.067 hectares). The second and third topdressings were applied on May 30th and July 25th, respectively, with 12 kg / mu of high-potassium compound fertilizer (potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, N:P:K=16:5:28) applied by broadcasting on the ridge surface. S4. First Winter Fertilizer Application (December 2021): After the first winter, the stems of *Polygonatum cyrtonema* have already shrunk. At this time, apply winter fertilizer: dig furrows on both sides of the ridge, ensuring a small amount of *Polygonatum cyrtonema* root system is visible. Then apply well-rotted farmyard manure (1000 kg / mu), turning over the soil along the furrows to thoroughly mix the fertilizer with the soil, facilitating root absorption (see...). Figure 4 At the same time, clear the furrows, increase the width of the ridges and the thickness of the soil covering, increase the ridge width to 40cm, open the furrows to apply the soil, mix it with the soil, and then backfill with soil to increase the ridge width to 40cm; S5. In the second year, repeat the field management of the first year, but increase the amount of topdressing (compared to the first year's topdressing, increase the amount of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer by 1 kg per mu for the first topdressing, and increase the amount of fast-dissolving high-potassium compound fertilizer by 3 kg per mu for the second and third topdressings). See the seedling emergence photos for the second year. Figure 5 In the following winter (December 2022), apply a second winter fertilizer (1500 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu) and increase the ridge width to 50 cm (operation method is the same as the first year); S6. In the third spring, corn was planted in furrows (plant spacing doubled). Weeding was carried out by: two mechanical cultivations in the furrows, three manual weedings on the ridges, and one pre-emergence herbicide application of metolachlor. The first topdressing was applied on March 29th, with 7 kg / mu of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer. Subsequent topdressings were applied on May 28th and July 28th, with 18 kg / mu of high-potassium compound fertilizer (potassium sulfate type, N:P:K=16:5:28) applied by broadcasting on the ridges. See photos of seedling emergence in the third year. Figure 6In the third winter, apply a third winter fertilizer (2000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu) and increase the ridge width to 60 cm (operation method is the same as the first year); S7. The management in the fourth year is the same as in the third year, but the amount of topdressing is increased (compared with the topdressing in the third year, the first topdressing should be 1 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per mu, and the second and third topdressings should be 2 kg of fast-dissolving high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu). S8. Harvesting: Digging in November 2024.

[0028] Comparative Example 1 (Traditional Fixed Ridge Pattern) At the same site, adjacent plots with basically the same soil fertility were selected as controls.

[0029] Planting method: Single row planting, with a row spacing of 80cm and a plant spacing of 15cm. No dynamic raised beds are constructed; only conventional flat beds or fixed low beds are made during planting (the bed width is about 30cm, which remains unchanged throughout the entire growth cycle).

[0030] Shading: Black shade netting (70% shading rate) is used throughout to simulate the traditional forest shade environment.

[0031] Fertilization: Apply topdressing three times a year, at the same time as in the example, with 15 catties of compound fertilizer per mu each time (the dosage is fixed for four years without increase). Apply 1000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in winter (the dosage is fixed for four years without increase).

[0032] Weeding: Weeding is mainly done manually throughout the process.

[0033] Management: No annual expansion of ridges.

[0034] The planting cycle was exactly the same as in the previous example (December 2020 to November 2024).

[0035] Comparison of experimental results: After harvesting, the yield and quality of Polygonatum odoratum in the examples and control examples were measured and analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1. Yield and quality analysis results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0037] Results analysis: Yield and Quality: This invention improves planting density and space utilization through "single-row high-density planting"; and dynamically meets the space and nutrient needs of root expansion through "year-by-year ridge expansion and fertilization," which is the core reason for the significant 27.27% increase in yield per acre and the substantial increase in tuber size. The greatly increased proportion of large tubers (marketable rate) directly leads to higher economic benefits.

[0038] Economic benefits: Although this invention increases the input of organic fertilizer, it eliminates the purchase and installation costs of shade nets, and significantly reduces labor costs (by 37.5%) through the "zoning weeding strategy." The dramatic increase in yield makes its overall economic benefits far exceed those of the control example.

[0039] Ecology and sustainability: The soil organic matter content at the end of the study was significantly higher than that of the control, indicating that the strategy of "mainly using organic fertilizer and increasing year by year" can effectively improve the soil, protect soil fertility, and achieve sustainable production. The ecological shading mode is also more environmentally friendly.

[0040] Resistance performance: The reasonable population structure, robust plant growth and good field ventilation and light environment resulted in a significantly lower incidence of pests and diseases in the planting area of ​​this invention compared to the control.

[0041] Conclusion: Compared with the traditional fixed ridge cultivation method, the dynamic ridge expansion cultivation method provided by this invention shows extremely significant advantages in terms of yield, quality, economic benefits and ecological benefits of Polygonatum odoratum.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua based on dynamic ridge expansion and ecological shading, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: a. During the winter dormancy period, shallow furrows are opened at a row spacing of 80±5 cm and organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is mixed with soil and dispersed, then covered with soil to isolate, and then the multiple-flower polygonatum rhizomes are placed in a single row on the furrows, with a spacing of 10-15 cm between the rhizomes, the bud heads are alternately oriented to the two sides of the furrow, the rhizomes are covered with soil on both sides to form a single ridge with a width of 30±3 cm, and the covering depth is 12±2 cm; b. In the spring of the first year, a high-stalk crop is sown along one side of the ridge to provide shade, and field weeding management and fertilizer management are performed; c. In the winter of the first year, after the polygonatum rhizomes are transplanted, the first winter fertilizer is applied, and the ridge width is increased to 40±3 cm by hilling; d. In the second year, the field management of the first year is repeated, but the amount of fertilizer is increased, the second winter fertilizer is applied in the winter of the second year, the amount of organic fertilizer is increased, and the ridge width is increased to 50±3 cm; e. In the spring of the third year, the high-stalk crop is sown in the ridge furrow and the density is halved, the field management is continued, the amount of fertilizer is further increased, the third winter fertilizer is applied in the winter of the third year, the amount of organic fertilizer is increased, and the ridge width is increased to 60±3 cm; f. In the spring of the fourth year, the field management is continued, and the management method is the same as that in the third year, but the amount of fertilizer is increased; g. In the autumn and winter of the fourth year, the polygonatum rhizomes are harvested.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The multiple-flower polygonatum rhizomes in step a are fresh, have no lesions, have no damage, have buds, and have a weight of 10 g or more.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The high-stalk crop in steps b and e is any one of corn, sorghum, or sunflower.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The fertilizer management in step b is performed three times, at the end of March, the end of May, and the end of July, the first time, 5±0.5 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and the second and third times, 12±0.5 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied per mu.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The increased amount of fertilizer in step d is that, compared with the first year, 1 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is added per mu for the first time, and 3 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is added per mu for the second and third times; the increased amount of fertilizer in step e is that, compared with the second year, 1 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is added per mu for the first time, and 3 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is added per mu for the second and third times; and the increased amount of fertilizer in the fourth year is that, compared with the third year, 1 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is added per mu for the first time, and 2 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is added per mu for the second and third times.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The weeding management in step b is divided into ridge furrow weeding and ridge surface weeding, the ridge furrow weeding is performed by mechanical plowing, and is performed once in March, May, and July before fertilization each year; and the ridge surface weeding is performed by manual pulling, and is performed at the same time as the ridge furrow weeding.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first winter fertilizer in step c is 1000±50 kg of decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer per mu; the second winter fertilizer in step d is 1500±50 kg of decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer per mu; and the third winter fertilizer in step e is 2000±50 kg of decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer per mu.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method for applying the winter fertilizer in steps c, d, and e is to open a furrow on both sides of the ridge to the visible part of the root system, mix the organic fertilizer with the soil, and then hilling to increase the ridge width and cover the organic fertilizer.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, The organic fertilizer used in step (a) is 1500±100 kg per mu.

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