Efficient machining tool for machining non-circular-section cylinder

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient processing machine tool for processing a non-circular section cylinder, which is characterized in that a machine tool body part is provided with two groups of independent longitudinal guide rails: a front guide rail is an E-shaped sliding guide rail and is used for guiding a tailstock to move longitudinally; the rear guide rail is a rolling linear guide rail and is used for guiding the cutting part during longitudinal cutting; the workpiece spindle box and the tailstock are arranged on the front lathe bed; the longitudinal sliding plate is driven by a servo motor through a ball, the transverse sliding plate is arranged on the longitudinal sliding plate, and the servo motor drives the transverse sliding plate to transversely move through a ball screw; a vertical guide rail is arranged on the left side face of a stand column, and a servo motor drives a vertical sliding plate through a ball screw to drive a milling cutter spindle to move vertically. And the servo motor is driven by a worm and gear mechanism in the milling head rotary disc to rotate or swing around a shaft. According to the invention, high efficiency, high precision, non-circular milling and five-coordinate linkage are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a high-efficiency machine tool for machining non-circular cross-section cylinders. Background Technology

[0002] my country has become a world leader in shipbuilding, but the machining of marine cross pins remains a challenge. This is because the part has a unique shape, making machining difficult, and existing methods are not only inefficient but also lack precision.

[0003] This invention targets workpieces with cross-sections that are either irregular ellipses with unequal radii at the top and bottom, or regular ellipses with symmetrical ends. The length is typically 10-20 times the maximum radial dimension of the cross-section. Conventional milling is inefficient. If non-circular turning is used, non-circular turning tools (such as fast servo tools) are unsuitable due to the high-strength alloy steel material and the large machining allowance from forging. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency, high-precision machine tool capable of non-circular milling for machining non-circular cross-section cylinders.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: A high-efficiency machining tool for machining non-circular cross-section cylinders is characterized by: including a bed, the bed component having two sets of independent longitudinal guideways: wherein, the front guideway is a "mountain"-shaped sliding guideway, used to guide the longitudinal movement of the tailstock; and the rear guideway is a rolling linear guideway, used to guide the cutting component when performing longitudinal cutting. The workpiece spindle box and tailstock are mounted on the front bed. The rotation centers of the workpiece spindle box spindle and the tailstock spindle sleeve are concentric, which is used to support the workpiece. The workpiece spindle box is fixed on the platform at the left end of the front bed, driving the workpiece to rotate precisely and perform accurate circumferential positioning. The main function of the tailstock component is to use the front center to assist in supporting the workpiece. When the length of the workpiece changes significantly, the servo motor drives the tailstock to move back and forth via the ball screw to initially position the tailstock. After the tailstock is initially positioned, the hydraulic cylinder moves the center to tighten the workpiece, and then the tailstock is manually locked. The longitudinal slide is driven by a servo motor via ball screws and moves precisely along the rear guide rail of the bed, allowing the tool to move along the workpiece axis; the transverse slide is set on the longitudinal slide and is driven by a servo motor via a ball screw to move laterally. The column component is fixed on the horizontal slide plate. A vertical guide rail is provided on the left side of the column. The servo motor drives the vertical slide plate through the ball screw, which in turn drives the milling cutter spindle to move vertically. The servo motor is driven by the worm gear mechanism in the milling head rotary table to rotate or swing around the axis. The cutting spindle is equipped with a small-diameter, closely spaced end mill, and the X, Y, Z, C, and B axes of the machine tool are interpolated to ensure that the plane of the end mill is tangent to the profile being cut.

[0006] The workpiece spindle box spindle is equipped with three bearings. The front bearing is a double-row short cylindrical roller bearing, which is the main bearing for bearing load and maintaining accuracy. A pair of tapered roller bearings are arranged in the middle and rear of the workpiece spindle box spindle to bear the axial load of the spindle and improve its bending stiffness. A worm gear is provided on the workpiece spindle box spindle. The servo motor drives the worm gear to drive the spindle body to rotate and position precisely. The front end of the spindle box spindle has a Morse taper hole for installing a Morse top clamp for centering the workpiece. A four-jaw chuck is arranged at the right end of the spindle to clamp the left end of the workpiece.

[0007] The cutting spindle swing mechanism is mounted on the vertical slide plate of the machine, and the servo motor drives the spindle box to swing via a worm gear mechanism.

[0008] The front bed is equipped with a large-angle chip removal groove, and the rear bed is equipped with two forward-tilting longitudinal retractable protective covers. During machining, the chips and coolant generated automatically flow to the spiral chip conveyor through the large-angle chip removal groove and the longitudinal retractable protective covers. The spiral chip conveyor tilts to the left, and the motor drives the spiral chip conveyor to rotate, sending the chips into the upper layer of the leftmost chain plate chip conveyor. The chips are then pulled by the chain plate into the chip receiving box. The cooling water flows automatically into the lower layer of the chain plate chip conveyor along the inclination direction of the spiral chip conveyor. After two filtrations and sedimentation, it is pumped out by the cooling pump for circulation cooling.

[0009] This invention achieves high efficiency, high precision, non-circular milling capability, and five-axis linkage. Attached Figure Description

[0010] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece spindle box structure.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter shaft swing mechanism.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the chip removal system. Detailed Implementation

[0015] A high-efficiency machine tool for machining non-circular cross-section cylinders, the basic component bed (2.1) is cast from HT300, possessing good rigidity and vibration resistance. Notably, this bed component has two independent sets of longitudinal guideways: the front guideway is a "mountain"-shaped sliding guideway used to guide the longitudinal movement of the tailstock; the rear guideway is a rolling linear guideway, guiding the cutting components (column 2.4, longitudinal slide 2.6, transverse slide 2.5, etc.) during longitudinal cutting.

[0016] The workpiece spindle box (2.2) and tailstock (2.3) are mounted on the front bed (2.1). The rotation centers of the two spindles (workpiece spindle box spindle and tailstock spindle sleeve) are concentric, serving to support the workpiece. The workpiece spindle box (2.2) is fixed on a platform at the left end of the front bed, and its main function is to drive the workpiece to rotate precisely and perform accurate circumferential positioning (coordinate C). The tailstock assembly (2.3) mainly functions to use the front center to assist in supporting the workpiece. When the workpiece length changes significantly, the servo motor (2.3.2) drives the tailstock to move back and forth via a ball screw, initially positioning the tailstock. After the tailstock is initially positioned, the hydraulic cylinder (2.3.1) moves the center to tighten the workpiece, and then the tailstock is manually locked.

[0017] The longitudinal slide (2.6) is driven by a servo motor (2.6.1) via ball screws and moves precisely along the rear guide rail of the bed, causing the tool to move along the workpiece axis (2.0) (coordinate X). The transverse slide (2.5) is mounted on the longitudinal slide (2.6) and is driven by a servo motor via a ball screw to move laterally (coordinate Y).

[0018] The column component (2.4) is fixed on the horizontal slide plate (2.5), and a vertical guide rail is provided on the left side of the column. The servo motor drives the vertical slide plate (2.7) via a ball screw to drive the milling cutter spindle (2.9) to move vertically (coordinate z). The servo motor is driven by the worm gear mechanism in the milling head rotary table (2.8) to rotate or swing around the B axis (coordinate B).

[0019] The cutting spindle (2.9) is equipped with a small-diameter, fine-tooth end mill at the front end. The cutter rotates at high speed and is interpolated by the five axes of the machine tool (X, Y, Z, C, B) to ensure that the plane of the end mill is tangent to the cut contour and that the elliptical shape of the part is accurate.

[0020] The key technologies of this invention lie in the workpiece spindle box and the cutting spindle oscillation mechanism. The workpiece spindle box is one of the key components of this machine tool, bearing the main load of the workpiece and most of the cutting force. Therefore, the workpiece spindle box spindle (3.1) is equipped with three bearings, of which the front bearing (3.2) is a double-row short cylindrical roller bearing, which is the main bearing for bearing the load and maintaining accuracy. A pair of tapered roller bearings (3.3) are arranged in the middle and rear of the workpiece spindle box spindle, whose function is to bear the axial load of the spindle and improve its bending stiffness. A worm gear (3.4) is provided on the workpiece spindle box spindle. The servo motor (3.5) drives the worm gear (3.4) via the worm (3.6) to drive the spindle body (3.1) to rotate and position precisely. The front end of the spindle box spindle (3.1) has a Morse taper hole (6#) for installing a Morse taper clamp (6#) for centering the workpiece. A four-jaw chuck (3.7) is configured at the right end of the spindle (3.1) to clamp the left end of the workpiece.

[0021] The cutting spindle swing mechanism is installed on the vertical slide plate (2.7) of the machine. The servo motor (4.1) drives the spindle box (2.7) to swing through the worm gear mechanism (4.2).

[0022] The machine can accurately complete the five-axis linkage of workpiece rotation (C-axis), tool oscillation (B-axis), and tool X, Y, and Z axes, and accurately complete the precision machining of elliptical cylinders.

[0023] During machining, the chips and coolant generated by the machine automatically flow through the steeply inclined chip conveyor groove (5.1) on the front bed and the two forward-leaning longitudinal retractable protective covers (5.4, 5.5) on the rear bed to the spiral chip conveyor (5.7). The spiral chip conveyor (5.7) tilts to the left, and the motor (5.2) drives the spiral chip conveyor (5.7) to rotate, sending the chips into the upper layer of the leftmost chain plate chip conveyor (5.3), where they are pulled by the chain plate into the chip collection box. The cooling water flows automatically into the lower layer of the chain plate chip conveyor (5.3) along the inclination direction of the spiral chip conveyor. After two filtrations and sedimentation, it is pumped out by the cooling pump (5.6) for circulating cooling.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency machine tool for machining non-circular cross-section cylinders, characterized in that: The bed is included, and the bed component has two sets of independent longitudinal guideways: the front guideway is a "mountain"-shaped sliding guideway, which is used to guide the longitudinal movement of the tailstock; the rear guideway is a rolling linear guideway, which guides the cutting components when performing longitudinal cutting. The workpiece spindle box and tailstock are mounted on the front bed. The rotation centers of the workpiece spindle box spindle and the tailstock spindle sleeve are concentric, which is used to support the workpiece. The workpiece spindle box is fixed on the platform at the left end of the front bed, driving the workpiece to rotate precisely and perform accurate circumferential positioning. The main function of the tailstock component is to use the front center to assist in supporting the workpiece. When the length of the workpiece changes significantly, the servo motor drives the tailstock to move back and forth via the ball screw to initially position the tailstock. After the tailstock is initially positioned, the hydraulic cylinder moves the center to tighten the workpiece, and then the tailstock is manually locked. The longitudinal slide is driven by a servo motor via ball screws and moves precisely along the rear guide rail of the bed, allowing the tool to move along the workpiece axis; the transverse slide is set on the longitudinal slide and is driven by a servo motor via a ball screw to move laterally. The column component is fixed on the horizontal slide plate. A vertical guide rail is provided on the left side of the column. The servo motor drives the vertical slide plate through the ball screw, which in turn drives the milling cutter spindle to move vertically. The servo motor is driven by the worm gear mechanism in the milling head rotary table to rotate or swing around the axis. The cutting spindle is equipped with a small-diameter, closely spaced end mill, and the X, Y, Z, C, and B axes of the machine tool are interpolated to ensure that the plane of the end mill is tangent to the profile being cut.

2. The high-efficiency machine tool for machining non-circular cross-section cylinders according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece spindle box spindle is equipped with three bearings. The front bearing is a double-row short cylindrical roller bearing, which is the main bearing for bearing load and maintaining accuracy. A pair of tapered roller bearings are arranged in the middle and rear of the workpiece spindle box spindle to bear the axial load of the spindle and improve its bending stiffness. A worm gear is provided on the workpiece spindle box spindle. The servo motor drives the worm gear to drive the spindle body to rotate and position precisely. The front end of the spindle box spindle has a Morse taper hole for installing a Morse top clamp for centering the workpiece. A four-jaw chuck is arranged at the right end of the spindle to clamp the left end of the workpiece.

3. A high-efficiency machine tool for machining non-circular cross-section cylinders according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cutting spindle swing mechanism is mounted on the vertical slide plate of the machine, and the servo motor drives the spindle box to swing via a worm gear mechanism.

4. A high-efficiency machine tool for machining non-circular cross-section cylinders according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The front bed is equipped with a large-angle chip removal groove, and the rear bed is equipped with two forward-tilting longitudinal retractable protective covers. During machining, the chips and coolant generated automatically flow to the spiral chip conveyor through the large-angle chip removal groove and the longitudinal retractable protective covers. The spiral chip conveyor tilts to the left, and the motor drives the spiral chip conveyor to rotate, sending the chips into the upper layer of the leftmost chain plate chip conveyor. The chips are then pulled by the chain plate into the chip receiving box. The cooling water flows automatically into the lower layer of the chain plate chip conveyor along the inclination direction of the spiral chip conveyor. After two filtrations and sedimentation, it is pumped out by the cooling pump for circulation cooling.

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