Rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system and method with multi-dimensional safety protection

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of charging pile operation and maintenance, and provides a rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system with multi-dimensional safety protection, which comprises a flexible power regulation module, an environment adaptive safety protection module and an operation and maintenance collaborative early warning module, dynamically adjusting the upper limit of the overall output power of the charging pile through a piecewise nonlinear mapping function, and executing a step-by-step reduction strategy when the load rate exceeds a threshold value; the environment self-adaptive safety protection module fuses weather, historical faults and real-time sensor data, dynamically updates the maximum charging current and insulation resistance alarm threshold through a risk index model, and ensures safety through national standard verification. According to the invention, dynamic adaptation of rural power grid load, environment change and fault protection is realized, and the operation safety, the resource utilization rate and the operation and maintenance intelligent level of the charging pile are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of charging pile operation and maintenance technology, specifically to a rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system and method with multi-dimensional security protection. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of new energy vehicles in rural areas, the deployment scale of rural power grid charging piles continues to expand. However, the rural power grid distribution system experiences large load fluctuations and has limited distribution transformer capacity. Furthermore, the rural areas have complex meteorological conditions and variable environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and salt spray concentration, which place higher demands on the safety and adaptability of charging pile operation. As a key charging facility, the stable operation of charging piles is directly related to user experience and power grid safety. Therefore, it is urgent to build a multi-dimensional safety operation and maintenance system that adapts to the characteristics of rural power grids and complex environments.

[0003] Existing charging pile operation and maintenance systems mostly adopt a fixed power output mode, which cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the rural power grid load, easily leading to transformer overload or waste of charging resources; safety parameter thresholds are mostly statically set, without fully considering the impact of environmental factors, which can easily cause electrical faults in extreme environments; and fault handling is mostly limited to single-point maintenance, lacking preventive protection for related charging piles, resulting in a high risk of fault propagation. At the same time, the operation and maintenance strategy lacks self-optimization capabilities and is difficult to adapt to the complex and ever-changing operating scenarios of rural power grids. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system and method with multi-dimensional safety protection, which solves the problems of rigid power distribution, poor adaptability of safety parameters to the environment, and lack of coordination in fault protection in the operation and maintenance of existing rural power grid charging piles.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system and method with multi-dimensional security protection, comprising: The flexible power regulation module is used to dynamically adjust the overall output power limit of all charging piles connected to the transformer based on the comparison between the real-time load rate of the rural power grid distribution transformer and the preset load safety threshold. The environmental adaptive safety protection module is used to generate and dynamically update the set of electrical safety parameter thresholds for the charging pile installation location based on historical meteorological data and real-time environmental data. The operation and maintenance collaboration early warning module is used to trigger preventive maintenance instructions or operating parameter adjustment instructions for associated charging piles when a local fault is detected in a single charging pile, based on the fault type and level.

[0006] Preferably, the flexible power regulation module includes: The load monitoring unit collects the output current, voltage, and power factor of the rural power grid distribution transformer in real time. The strategy generation unit has a built-in load rate and power limit mapping function. This function is a piecewise nonlinear function. When the real-time load rate is below a first threshold, the charging pile is allowed to operate at full power. When the real-time load rate is between the first and second thresholds, the overall output power limit decreases according to a curve as the load rate increases. When the real-time load rate reaches or exceeds the second threshold, a step-by-step reduction in charging power is initiated. The load rate and power limit mapping function is expressed as follows: , in, This represents the upper limit of the overall output power. The rated total power of the charging pile For real-time load rate, , The first and second load rate thresholds, , This is the adjustment coefficient.

[0007] Preferably, the environment adaptive safety protection module includes: The data fusion unit is used to access weather forecast data, historical fault databases, and local temperature, humidity, and salt spray concentration sensor data of the charging pile. The threshold dynamic calculation unit, based on the output of the data fusion unit, dynamically calculates and updates the maximum allowable charging current using the following risk index model. Insulation resistance alarm threshold : , , in, , Basic threshold; , , These are normalized risk factors based on humidity, temperature, and salt spray concentration, respectively. , , , These are the weighting coefficients.

[0008] Preferably, the operation and maintenance collaborative early warning module includes: The fault feature library stores feature vectors and associated impact levels corresponding to different fault types. The collaborative analysis unit extracts the fault feature vector when a charging pile malfunctions, matches the associated impact level from the fault feature library, and sends instructions to other charging piles that are geographically close or electrically connected to the same circuit based on the level. The instructions include: reducing the throttle operation, suspending service and starting self-test, or adjusting protection parameters.

[0009] Preferably, the collaborative analysis unit is also equipped with a learning mechanism. When it receives validity confirmation information of the same preventive maintenance instructions from multiple charging piles, it automatically optimizes the correlation impact level of the corresponding fault type and the content of the preventive maintenance instructions.

[0010] The preferred method for operating and maintaining flexible charging piles in rural power grids with multi-dimensional security protection includes the following steps: S1. Flexible power regulation steps: Real-time monitoring of the load rate of the rural power grid distribution transformer, and dynamic calculation and distribution of the overall output power limit of all charging piles connected to the transformer in the current period based on the load rate-power limit mapping function; S2. Environmental Adaptive Safety Parameter Update Steps: Based on weather forecasts, historical environmental data, and real-time sensor data, calculate and update the electrical safety parameter thresholds for each charging station location using a risk index model. S3. Collaborative Early Warning and Operation and Maintenance Steps: When any charging pile fails, analyze its fault characteristics, issue preventive operation and maintenance instructions to related charging piles according to preset rules, and collect feedback information to optimize the rules.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, dynamically calculating the overall output power limit specifically includes: When the real-time load rate Reaching or exceeding the second threshold At the same time, a tiered reduction strategy is implemented: first, the charging power of vehicles in the late stage of charging is reduced, then the charging power of non-reserved vehicles is reduced, and finally the charging power of each vehicle is reduced fairly according to the proportion of the remaining time of the reserved charging.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, after updating the electrical safety parameter threshold, a threshold verification step is also included: comparing the dynamically calculated threshold with the absolute safety threshold specified in the national standard, and finally applying the more stringent value of the two.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the basis for issuing preventive maintenance instructions to the associated charging piles includes: the electrical distance between the faulty charging pile and the associated pile, the correlation between their historical faults, and the current overall load status of the rural power grid.

[0014] Preferably, the system also includes an operation and maintenance strategy optimization step: the system periodically summarizes and analyzes the feedback effects of fault handling records and associated instructions, and uses the gradient descent method to adjust the weight parameters of the decision function used to generate instructions in step S3. The decision function is used to evaluate the potential impact range of the fault and the optimal response strategy.

[0015] This invention provides a rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system and method with multi-dimensional security protection. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention dynamically adapts to changes in the load of rural power grid distribution transformers by using a piecewise nonlinear mapping function and a step-by-step reduction strategy in a flexible power adjustment module. This avoids overload risks while maximizing charging capacity, breaking through the limitations of traditional fixed power allocation. Combined with dynamic threshold calculation and national standard verification mechanism for environmental adaptive protection, it achieves precise adaptation of electrical parameters and significantly improves the operational safety of charging piles in complex environments.

[0016] 2. This invention utilizes fault correlation analysis and learning in the operation and maintenance collaborative early warning module. By determining factors such as electrical distance and historical correlation, it issues precise preventative instructions to associated charging piles, transforming passive handling of single-point faults into proactive regional collaborative protection. Combined with a decision function optimized using gradient descent, it continuously improves the effectiveness of operation and maintenance strategies, significantly reducing the risk of fault propagation and operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1: Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides a rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system with multi-dimensional security protection, applied to a rural transformer substation. The substation is equipped with a 500kVA rural power grid distribution transformer and connected to 10 DC charging piles with a rated power of 60kW each. The total rated power of the charging piles is 600kW. The system includes a flexible power adjustment module, an environmental adaptive security protection module, and an operation and maintenance collaborative early warning module.

[0020] The load monitoring unit of the flexible power regulation module collects the output current, voltage, and power factor of the rural power grid distribution transformer in real time, and calculates the real-time load rate. The strategy generation unit has a built-in load rate and power limit mapping function, which is a piecewise non-linear function that sets a first load rate threshold. The second load factor threshold is 70%. The adjustment coefficient is 90%. It is 0.8. It is 0.5. When the real-time load rate It is 65%, which is lower than the first threshold. At that time, the upper limit of the overall output power Equal to the rated total power of the charging pile That is, 600kW, all charging piles can operate at full power; when the real-time load rate Reaching 80%, it is at the first threshold. With the second threshold During this period, the overall maximum output power is [value missing]. According to the formula: Calculations and substitutions yield the following results: At this point, the system dynamically lowers the overall output power limit of all charging piles to 480kW; when the real-time load rate Reaching 95%, exceeding the second threshold At that time, according to the formula: Calculations and substitutions yield the following results: The system then initiates a strategy to gradually reduce charging power.

[0021] The environmental adaptive safety protection module's data fusion unit accesses weather forecast data provided by the local meteorological department, the system's built-in historical fault database, and real-time data collected by temperature and humidity sensors and salt spray concentration sensors deployed locally at each charging pile. Based on this fused data, the threshold dynamic calculation unit dynamically calculates and updates the maximum allowable charging current using a risk index model. Insulation resistance alarm threshold Set a basic threshold. It is 300A. 100MΩ, weighting coefficient It is 0.3. It is 0.2. It is 0.25. The value is 0.35. The normalized humidity risk factor was obtained after data fusion. The temperature risk factor is 0.2. The risk factor for salt spray concentration is 0.15. It is 0.1. According to the formula: Calculation yields According to the formula: Calculation yields The system limits the maximum charging current of each charging pile to 273A and sets the insulation resistance alarm threshold to 91.5MΩ.

[0022] The fault feature database of the operation and maintenance collaborative early warning module stores feature vectors and associated impact levels for various fault types, such as short-circuit faults, insulation degradation faults, and overheating faults. Short-circuit faults have the highest associated impact level, insulation degradation faults are classified as medium, and overheating faults as general. When an insulation degradation fault occurs at one charging pile, the collaborative analysis unit extracts the fault's feature vector and matches it with data in the fault feature database, determining its associated impact level to be medium. Based on this level, the system sends instructions to three charging piles geographically adjacent to the faulty charging pile (within 500 meters) and connected via the same electrical path, instructing them to reduce their output power to 70% of their rated power and simultaneously update their insulation resistance alarm threshold to 85MΩ. Simultaneously, the collaborative analysis unit's learning mechanism is operational. Upon receiving confirmation of the validity of the preventative maintenance instructions from these three associated charging piles, it automatically optimizes the associated impact level determination criteria for the insulation degradation fault type and the specific parameters of the preventative maintenance instructions.

[0023] Example 2: See appendix Figure 2 The operation and maintenance method for flexible charging piles in rural power grids with multi-dimensional security protection in this embodiment is executed based on the operation and maintenance system in the above system embodiment. The specific steps are as follows: S1. Execute the flexible power regulation step. The system monitors the load rate of the rural power grid distribution transformer in real time through the load monitoring unit of the flexible power regulation module. Set the first load rate threshold. The second load factor threshold is 65%. The adjustment coefficient is 85%. It is 0.7. The rated total power of the charging pile is 0.6. It is 500kW. When the load rate is monitored in real time. It is 60%, lower than At that time, based on the load rate and power limit mapping function, the overall output power upper limit value can be determined. The system issues a command allowing all charging piles connected to the transformer to operate at full power; when the load rate α rises to 75%, it is in a state of... and In between, according to the formula: Calculation, obtained The system dynamically calculates and distributes the overall maximum output power to each charging station; when the load rate Reaching 90%, exceeding At that time, a step-by-step reduction strategy is implemented, according to the formula: Calculation, obtained At the same time, the charging power of two vehicles that are in the late stage of charging, that is, less than 30 minutes of charging time remaining, will be reduced to 50% of the rated power. Next, the charging power of four non-reserved vehicles will be reduced to 60% of the rated power. Finally, the charging power of the remaining reserved vehicles will be reduced fairly according to the proportion of the remaining time of the reserved charging, to ensure that the overall power does not exceed 485kW.

[0024] S2. Execute the environmental adaptive safety parameter update step. The system integrates meteorological forecast data, such as 80% humidity and 35℃ for the next 24 hours, fault records in the high temperature and humidity environment of this area in the historical fault database, and real-time temperature, humidity, and salt spray concentration data collected by local sensors of each charging pile. It then calculates and updates the electrical safety parameter thresholds using a risk index model. Set the basic threshold. It is 250A. 80MΩ, weighting coefficient It is 0.25. It is 0.3. It is 0.2. The value is 0.3. The normalized humidity risk factor was calculated. The temperature risk factor is 0.3. The risk factor for salt spray concentration is 0.25. It is 0.15. According to the formula: Calculation yields According to the formula: Calculation yields Then, a threshold verification step is performed, which dynamically calculates... Compared with the national standard's absolute safe maximum charging current of 200A, Compared with the absolute safety insulation resistance alarm threshold of 70MΩ specified in the national standard, a more stringent threshold was ultimately applied, namely a maximum charging current of 200A and an insulation resistance alarm threshold of 70MΩ.

[0025] S3. Execute collaborative early warning and maintenance steps. When a charging pile experiences an overheating fault, the system extracts the feature vector of the fault, combines it with the electrical distance between the faulty charging pile and other charging piles (setting a threshold of 800 meters for associated electrical distance), the correlation of historical faults between the two (high correlation is defined as ≥2 instances of common faults within the past 6 months), and the overall load status of the rural power grid (e.g., a current load rate of 70%), and issues a command to suspend service and initiate self-checks to 3 associated charging piles that meet the pre-defined rules. After the associated charging piles complete their self-checks and report no abnormalities, the system resumes normal operation. Simultaneously, the system executes maintenance strategy optimization steps, regularly summarizing and analyzing the feedback effects of fault handling records and associated commands quarterly. The system uses gradient descent to adjust the weight parameters of the decision function used to generate commands. This decision function is used to assess the potential impact range of the fault and the optimal response strategy. Through continuous optimization, the targeting and effectiveness of associated commands when subsequent faults occur are significantly improved.

[0026] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system with multi-dimensional security protection, characterized in that: include: The flexible power regulation module is used to dynamically adjust the overall output power limit of all charging piles connected to the transformer based on the comparison between the real-time load rate of the rural power grid distribution transformer and the preset load safety threshold. The environmental adaptive safety protection module is used to generate and dynamically update the set of electrical safety parameter thresholds for the charging pile installation location based on historical meteorological data and real-time environmental data. The operation and maintenance collaboration early warning module is used to trigger preventive maintenance instructions or operating parameter adjustment instructions for associated charging piles when a local fault is detected in a single charging pile, based on the fault type and level.

2. The rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system with multi-dimensional security protection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible power regulation module includes: The load monitoring unit collects the output current, voltage, and power factor of the rural power grid distribution transformer in real time. The strategy generation unit has a built-in load rate and power limit mapping function. This function is a piecewise nonlinear function. When the real-time load rate is below a first threshold, the charging pile is allowed to operate at full power. When the real-time load rate is between the first and second thresholds, the overall output power limit decreases according to a curve as the load rate increases. When the real-time load rate reaches or exceeds the second threshold, a step-by-step reduction in charging power is initiated. The load rate and power limit mapping function is expressed as follows: ， in, This represents the upper limit of the overall output power. The rated total power of the charging pile For real-time load rate, , The first and second load rate thresholds, , This is the adjustment coefficient.

3. The rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system with multi-dimensional security protection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The environment adaptive safety protection module includes: The data fusion unit is used to access weather forecast data, historical fault databases, and local temperature, humidity, and salt spray concentration sensor data of the charging pile. The threshold dynamic calculation unit, based on the output of the data fusion unit, dynamically calculates and updates the maximum allowable charging current using the following risk index model. Insulation resistance alarm threshold : ， ， in, , Basic threshold; , , These are normalized risk factors based on humidity, temperature, and salt spray concentration, respectively. , , , These are the weighting coefficients.

4. The rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system with multi-dimensional security protection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The operation and maintenance collaborative early warning module includes: The fault feature library stores feature vectors and associated impact levels corresponding to different fault types. The collaborative analysis unit extracts the fault feature vector when a charging pile malfunctions, matches the associated impact level from the fault feature library, and sends instructions to other charging piles that are geographically close or electrically connected to the same circuit based on the level. The instructions include: reducing the throttle operation, suspending service and starting self-test, or adjusting protection parameters.

5. The rural power grid flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system with multi-dimensional security protection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The collaborative analysis unit is also equipped with a learning mechanism. When it receives confirmation of the validity of the same preventive maintenance instructions from multiple charging piles, it automatically optimizes the correlation impact level of the corresponding fault type and the content of the preventive maintenance instructions.

6. A method for operating and maintaining flexible charging piles in rural power grids with multi-dimensional security protection, using the flexible charging pile operation and maintenance system for rural power grids with multi-dimensional security protection as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Flexible power regulation steps: Real-time monitoring of the load rate of the rural power grid distribution transformer, and dynamic calculation and distribution of the overall output power limit of all charging piles connected to the transformer in the current period based on the load rate-power limit mapping function; S2. Environmental Adaptive Safety Parameter Update Steps: Based on weather forecasts, historical environmental data, and real-time sensor data, calculate and update the electrical safety parameter thresholds for each charging station location using a risk index model. S3. Collaborative Early Warning and Operation and Maintenance Steps: When any charging pile fails, analyze its fault characteristics, issue preventive operation and maintenance instructions to related charging piles according to preset rules, and collect feedback information to optimize the rules.

7. The operation and maintenance method for flexible charging piles in rural power grids with multi-dimensional security protection as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, dynamically calculating the upper limit of the overall output power specifically includes: When the real-time load rate Reaching or exceeding the second threshold At the same time, a tiered reduction strategy is implemented: first, the charging power of vehicles in the late stage of charging is reduced, then the charging power of non-reserved vehicles is reduced, and finally the charging power of each vehicle is reduced fairly according to the proportion of the remaining time of the reserved charging.

8. The operation and maintenance method for flexible charging piles in rural power grids with multi-dimensional security protection as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, after updating the electrical safety parameter threshold, a threshold verification step is also included: the dynamically calculated threshold is compared with the absolute safety threshold specified by the national standard, and the final applied threshold is the more stringent value of the two.

9. The operation and maintenance method for flexible charging piles in rural power grids with multi-dimensional security protection as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the basis for issuing preventive maintenance instructions to the associated charging piles includes: the electrical distance between the faulty charging pile and the associated pile, the correlation between their historical faults, and the current overall load status of the rural power grid.

10. The operation and maintenance method for flexible charging piles in rural power grids with multi-dimensional security protection according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes operation and maintenance strategy optimization steps: the system regularly summarizes and analyzes the feedback effect of fault handling records and related instructions, and uses the gradient descent method to adjust the weight parameters of the decision function used to generate instructions in step S3. The decision function is used to evaluate the potential impact range of the fault and the optimal response strategy.

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