Biological aerosol detection, collection and detection integrated device and control system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mass spectrum detection, in particular to a biological aerosol detecting, sampling and detecting integrated device and a control system, comprising a reconnaissance module for sequentially performing fluorescence characteristic detection and mass spectrum component analysis on single-particle aerosol and generating a judgment signal, and a sampling module which is in signal connection with the reconnaissance module and is used for sampling the single-particle aerosol. The sampling module is used for collecting an aerosol sample in an environment based on the judgment signal, the immunodetection module is in fluid connection with the sampling module and is used for carrying out immunoassay on the sample collected by the sampling module, and the reconnaissance module, the sampling module and the immunodetection module are sequentially connected. And the sampling module controls start and stop based on the judgment signal output by the reconnaissance module. Misjudgment possibly caused by a single detection method is effectively avoided, and more accurate decision support is provided for biological safety guarantee.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mass spectrometry detection technology, specifically to an integrated device and control system for detecting and collecting bioaerosols. Background Technology

[0002] Bioaerosols, which are particulate matter containing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi suspended in the air, are of vital monitoring significance in fields such as bioterrorism, public health epidemic monitoring, and clean environment monitoring. Timely detection and accurate identification of specific biological threats in the air are prerequisites for taking effective prevention and control measures and blocking the transmission chain.

[0003] However, existing bioaerosol monitoring technologies rely on manual sampling followed by laboratory analysis using techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This process is cumbersome and time-consuming, taking hours or even days, and cannot meet the demand for rapid responses down to minutes. Furthermore, during the detection process, the commonly used UV-induced fluorescence method is susceptible to interference from non-biological fluorescent particles such as pollen and organic dust, leading to a high false alarm rate. Moreover, broad-spectrum aerosol samplers often blindly collect all particles in the environment, not only collecting a large amount of irrelevant background aerosols, diluting the target signal, increasing the difficulty of subsequent analysis, but also wasting sample resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an integrated device and control system for detecting and collecting bioaerosols, thereby achieving integrated detection of detection, sampling, and testing.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an integrated device for detecting and collecting bioaerosols, comprising: The reconnaissance module is used to sequentially detect the fluorescence characteristics and analyze the mass spectrometry components of single-particle aerosols, and generate a judgment signal. A sampling module, signal-connected to the reconnaissance module, is used to collect aerosol samples in the environment based on the determination signal; An immunoassay module, fluidly connected to the sampling module, is used to perform immunoassay analysis on the samples collected by the sampling module; The reconnaissance module, the sampling module, and the immune detection module are connected in sequence, and the sampling module controls the start and stop based on the judgment signal output by the reconnaissance module.

[0006] In some embodiments, the reconnaissance module includes a sample introduction unit and a single-particle analysis unit, wherein the sample introduction unit and the single-particle analysis unit are connected in sequence, the sample introduction unit is used to focus environmental aerosols and transmit them as a single-particle stream, and the single-particle analysis unit is used to sequentially perform fluorescence characteristic detection and mass spectrometry component analysis on the particles in the single-particle stream.

[0007] In some embodiments, the sample introduction unit includes a pre-focusing sample introduction interface, a virtual impactor, a buffer chamber, a multi-stage aerodynamic lens, and an accelerating nozzle arranged sequentially along the air intake direction; The pre-focused injection interface is provided with a constriction channel and a critical orifice for airflow acceleration. The virtual impactor is located downstream of the critical orifice to separate particles from excess gas. The focused particle flow is transmitted to the acceleration nozzle via the multi-stage aerodynamic lens.

[0008] In some embodiments, the single-particle analysis unit includes a diameter measurement optical path and a mass spectrometer; The diameter measuring optical path is provided with a first diameter measuring laser, a second diameter measuring laser and a third diameter measuring laser arranged sequentially and at intervals along the particle flow direction, which are used to sequentially detect the flight time of the particles to determine the particle size and trigger the acquisition of fluorescence signals; A mass spectrometer is located in the ionization region downstream of the third diameter-measuring laser and is used to perform ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis on the arriving particles.

[0009] In some embodiments, the mass spectrometer is a reflective time-of-flight mass analyzer, which includes an ion acceleration region, a reflection region, a field-free flight region, and an ion detector.

[0010] In some embodiments, the reflective time-of-flight mass analyzer is a V-shaped bipolar structure, wherein positive ion analysis paths and negative ion analysis paths are symmetrically arranged.

[0011] In some embodiments, the sampling module includes a wet-wall cyclone sampler, which has a sampling chamber with a tangential air inlet so that the airflow entering the sampling chamber through the air inlet forms a spiral vortex in the sampling chamber. The wet-wall cyclone sampler also has a supply port for supplying sampling liquid to the inner wall of the sampling chamber and an outlet port for discharging the particulate sampling liquid.

[0012] In some embodiments, the immune detection module includes: The reagent card carrier unit is used to carry multi-channel immunochromatographic reagent cards; An optical detection unit is provided corresponding to the reagent card carrier unit; The optical detection unit includes an excitation light source, an illumination light path, and an imaging light path. The illumination light path is used to guide the light emitted by the excitation light source and uniformly illuminate the reagent card detection window on the reagent card carrier unit. The imaging light path is used to collect and detect the fluorescence signal generated after the reagent card is excited. The multichannel immunochromatographic reagent card includes a sample pad, a conjugate pad, an analytical membrane, and an absorbent pad arranged sequentially along the chromatography direction. The conjugate pad contains molecular conjugates, and the analytical membrane is provided with a detection band and a control band.

[0013] In some embodiments, the illumination optical path includes a collimating lens and a homogenizing lens arranged sequentially along the optical path; The imaging optical path includes a dichroic filter, a filter, and an imaging sensor, wherein the dichroic filter is used to transmit excitation light from the illumination optical path and reflect fluorescence signals from the reagent card to the imaging sensor.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a control system for an integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device as described in any of the above claims, comprising: a signal receiving module, a sampling control module, and a detection triggering module; The signal receiving module, the sampling control module, and the detection triggering module are all signal-connected. The signal receiving module is also communicatively connected to the reconnaissance module to receive the determination signal. The sampling control module is also connected to the sampling module and is used to send control commands to the sampling module according to the determination signal. The detection triggering module is also connected to the immune detection module and is used to send trigger commands to the immune detection module according to the acquisition completion status of the sampling module.

[0015] Furthermore, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention constructs a three-tiered verification system of "fluorescence screening, mass spectrometry confirmation, and immunoassay verification." Initially, single-particle laser-induced fluorescence technology is used for rapid screening of suspicious targets. This technology efficiently identifies potentially suspicious aerosol particles by utilizing the unique characteristics of fluorescence signals. Subsequently, mass spectrometry is used to precisely analyze the chemical composition and molecular structure of the initially screened suspicious particles, confirming whether they are genuine suspected bioaerosols and providing a solid scientific basis for the judgment. Finally, immunoassay utilizes the principle of specific immune reactions to further verify the samples, eliminating interfering factors and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test results. This effectively avoids misjudgments that may occur with single detection methods, providing more precise decision support for biosafety assurance.

[0016] Furthermore, the overall structure of this invention achieves a rapid response within minutes, with the overall detection time controllable within twenty minutes, thus gaining valuable time for early warning and rapid response to biological threats. At the same time, the various modules of this invention are intelligently linked through signal and fluid pipelines, eliminating the need for manual intervention. This not only significantly reduces operational complexity and labor costs but also avoids the risk of sample contamination or cross-contamination caused by manual operation, ensuring the reliability of detection results and providing a stable and reliable solution for on-site emergency monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the sample introduction unit in the integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device provided by the present invention. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the flight time diameter measurement technology in the single particle analysis unit of the integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device provided by the present invention. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the reflective time-of-flight mass analyzer in the single-particle analysis unit of the integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device provided by the present invention. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the reflective time-of-flight mass analyzer in the single-particle analysis unit of the integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device provided by the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling module structure in the single-particle analysis unit of the integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device provided by the present invention. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the internal airflow principle of the wet-wall cyclone sampler in the sampling module structure of the single-particle analysis unit of the integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device provided by the present invention. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the immune detection module in the integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device provided by the present invention; Figure 9 A structural diagram of a ten-channel immunoassay reagent card in the immunoassay module of the integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device provided by the present invention. Figure 10 The optical structure diagram of the ten-channel immunoassay reagent card structure in the immunoassay module of the integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device provided by the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1-Reconnaissance module, 11-Pre-focused sample inlet interface, 12-Critical orifice, 13-Virtual impactor, 14-Buffer chamber, 15-Multi-stage aerodynamic lens, 16-Accelerating nozzle, 2-Sampling module, 21-Sampling chamber, 22-Air inlet, 23-Supply port, 24-Outlet, 3-Immunodetection module, 31-Adhesive substrate, 32-Absorbent pad, 33-Analytical membrane, 34-Binding pad, 35-Sample pad, 36-Molecular conjugate, 37-Detection band, 38-Control band. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or", for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more. Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0020] like Figures 1-10 As shown, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an integrated device for detecting and collecting bioaerosols, comprising: The reconnaissance module 1 is used to sequentially detect the fluorescence characteristics and analyze the mass spectrometry components of single-particle aerosols, and generate a judgment signal; Sampling module 2, which is signal-connected to reconnaissance module 1, is used to collect aerosol samples in the environment based on judgment signals; The immunoassay module 3 is fluidly connected to the sampling module 2 and is used to perform immunoassay on the samples collected by the sampling module 2. The reconnaissance module 1, the sampling module 2, and the immune detection module 3 are connected in sequence. The sampling module 2 controls the start and stop based on the judgment signal output by the reconnaissance module 1.

[0021] In some embodiments, the reconnaissance module 1 includes a sample introduction unit and a single particle analysis unit, which are connected in sequence. The sample introduction unit is used to focus environmental aerosols and transmit them as a single particle stream. The single particle analysis unit is used to perform fluorescence characteristic detection and mass spectrometry component analysis on the particles in the single particle stream in sequence. The sample introduction unit includes a pre-focusing sample introduction interface 11, a virtual impactor 13, a buffer chamber 14, a multi-stage aerodynamic lens 15, and an accelerating nozzle 16 arranged in sequence along the air inlet direction. The pre-focused injection port 11 is provided with a constriction channel and a critical orifice 12 for airflow acceleration. The virtual impactor 13 is located downstream of the critical orifice 12 for separating particles from excess gas. The focused particle flow is transmitted to the acceleration nozzle 16 via a multi-stage aerodynamic lens 15.

[0022] In the above structure, ambient air carrying aerosol particles of various sizes first enters the pre-focusing injection port 11 of the injection unit. Within the constricted channel of the pre-focusing injection port 11, the airflow is accelerated, and the particles, under inertia, focus towards the central axis of the airflow. The aerosol then flows through a critical aperture 12 with a diameter of approximately 250 micrometers. This process generates an injection flow rate of approximately 480 ml / min, forming a supersonic jet. A virtual impactor 13, positioned downstream of the critical aperture 12, uses inertia to separate the particles from most of the carrier gas. The carrier gas is laterally drawn away, while the particles continue into a buffer chamber 14, where their velocity is moderated. Next, the particles enter an aerodynamic lens system composed of multiple lens apertures. This system effectively focuses particles with a wide range of sizes into a single-particle beam propagating along the central axis. Finally, the beam passes through an accelerating nozzle 16 and enters the subsequent diameter measurement and mass spectrometry analysis zone at a suitable velocity.

[0023] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the aerodynamic lens is a lens system composed of 7 lens apertures, which can effectively focus particles with a wide range of particle sizes onto the central axis of the lens.

[0024] For details, please refer to the following: Figures 3-5 In some embodiments, the single-particle analysis unit includes a diameter measurement optical path and a mass spectrometer. The diameter measuring optical path is equipped with a first diameter measuring laser, a second diameter measuring laser, and a third diameter measuring laser arranged sequentially and at intervals along the particle flow direction. These lasers are used to sequentially detect the flight time of the particles to determine the particle size and trigger the acquisition of fluorescence signals. A mass spectrometer, located in the ionization region downstream of the third diameter-measuring laser, is used for ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of arriving particles. The mass spectrometer is a reflective time-of-flight mass spectrometer, comprising an ion acceleration region, a reflection region, a field-free flight region, and an ion detector. The reflective time-of-flight mass spectrometer has a V-shaped bipolar structure with symmetrically arranged positive and negative ion analysis paths. In the above embodiment, the collimated particle beam first passes through the diameter-measuring optical path. This optical path has first, second, and third diameter-measuring lasers arranged sequentially and at intervals along the flow direction. The first diameter-measuring laser uses a 405 nm semiconductor (LD) laser with a power of 300 mW and a focal length of 100 mm. To improve transmission efficiency and shorten the particle travel distance, the first diameter-measuring laser should be positioned as close as possible to the exit of the aerodynamic lens. Since the first diameter-measuring laser is close to the aerodynamic exit, it is considered to be split into two beams for measuring the actual air particle size distribution. A custom beam splitter is used to split the first diameter-measuring laser into two parallel laser beams.

[0025] The second pathfinding laser uses a 405 nm semiconductor (LD) laser with a power of 300 mW and a focal length of 100 mm. The distance between the second and first pathfinding lasers is 25 mm. Using the same cylindrical mirror shaping method as the first pathfinding laser, it is shaped into an elliptical spot with a half-width at half-maximum (HWHM) of 300 µm × 20 µm. This elliptical spot shape helps shorten the pulse response time of the photodetector and improves the success rate of subsequent ionizing laser strikes.

[0026] The third pathfinding laser uses a 405 nm semiconductor (LD) laser with a power of 300 mW and a focal length of 100 mm. The third pathfinding laser is emitted above the ionizing laser, at a distance as close as possible to it. A cylindrical mirror array is used to shape the laser spot into an elliptical shape with a half-maximum height and width of 300 µm × 20 µm.

[0027] In the above process, once the particle is initially identified as a suspicious target by the aforementioned fluorescence and particle size information, and it flies to the fixed ionization region located downstream of the third laser region, a high-energy 266 nm ionization laser of a specific wavelength triggered by the signal of the third region will act on the particle, causing its components to ionize and generate positive and negative ions.

[0028] Continue to refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 4 In this context, d represents length, t represents analysis time, angle θ represents reflection angle, and U represents high voltage. d can be adjusted according to the actual equipment size, while t does not have a specific value. Particles with different mass-to-charge ratios have different flight times. The mass-to-charge ratio of the particles can be deduced from the different flight times. The specific values ​​here are not described in detail.

[0029] Meanwhile, this invention Figure 5 The overall dimensions of the reflective time-of-flight mass analyzer are 640×188×180 mm (length×width×height). The ion flight length of the unipolar time-of-flight mass analyzer is 493 mm. The device uses exponential pulse delay extraction technology to improve mass resolution. The rising edge of the exponential pulse consists of two parts: a reference square wave pulse (Vpulse) and an exponential pulse voltage (Vexp). In the exponential pulse delay extraction mode, the two extraction electrodes are in a field-free state before the particles are ionized by the laser. After the particles are ionized, an exponential pulse power supply is applied after a delay time (Δt). At the same time, the acceleration region in the figure is composed of positive and negative mode acceleration regions. The two electrodes in the middle are the positive and negative extraction electrodes, and the unipolar acceleration region is composed of electrodes. The acceleration region of a single mode is 50.0 mm long, with the first and last plates using a grid structure. The reflection region is 105.0 mm long and is composed of electrodes, with the first and last plates using a grid structure. The total length of the field-free flight region is 125.0 mm. The ions are finally detected by the MCP ion detector.

[0030] If a problem is found, the control system analyzes the characteristic peaks in the mass spectrum in real time and performs a secondary algorithm judgment in conjunction with the previous fluorescence signal. If the fluorescence and mass spectrum characteristics of the particle both meet the preset judgment information, a judgment signal is generated. The judgment signal is sent in real time to the sampling module 2, which is in standby state, through the communication link. The sampling module 2 includes a wet-wall cyclone sampler. The wet-wall cyclone sampler has a sampling chamber 21 with a tangential air inlet 22 inside, so that the airflow entering the sampling chamber 21 through the air inlet 22 forms a spiral vortex in the sampling chamber 21. The wet-wall cyclone sampler also has a supply port 23 for supplying sampling liquid to the inner wall of the sampling chamber 21, and an outlet port 24 for discharging the sample liquid containing particles.

[0031] The aerosol sampling module 2 works in close coordination with the reconnaissance module 1, featuring an automatic response function. Upon receiving an early warning signal from the reconnaissance module 1, this module quickly activates and automatically and efficiently collects bioaerosols from the surrounding environment. The sampling process employs advanced aerodynamic principles and precise sampling devices, ensuring accurate and complete collection of target bioaerosol samples under various environmental conditions, providing sufficient and reliable sample support for subsequent detection and analysis.

[0032] Furthermore, this invention employs the wet-wall cyclone sampling principle. Ambient air is drawn in at high speed through a specific tangential air inlet 22 on the wall of the sampling chamber 21, forming a high-speed rotating and sinking spiral vortex within the cylindrical cavity. Simultaneously, the liquid supply device sprays or coats a quantitative amount of sampling liquid onto the inner wall of the cavity through an independent supply port 23, forming a water film on the inner wall. Aerosol particles moving along the vortex along the cavity wall cross the streamlines and collide with the water film. The different momentum of aerosol particles of different sizes causes particles of the target size to be trapped in the sampling liquid, generating a sample liquid that can be directly detected. The liquid film flows to the bottom of the cavity, carrying the captured particles to a sealed sample container connected to the outlet 24, and then into the immunoassay module 3.

[0033] Immunoassay Module 3 includes: The reagent card carrier unit is used to carry multi-channel immunochromatographic reagent cards; An optical detection unit is provided, corresponding to the reagent card carrier unit; The optical detection unit includes an excitation light source, an illumination light path, and an imaging light path. The illumination light path is used to guide the light emitted by the excitation light source and uniformly illuminate the reagent card detection window on the reagent card carrier unit. The imaging light path is used to collect and detect the fluorescence signal generated after the reagent card is excited. The multichannel immunochromatographic reagent card includes a sample pad 35, a conjugate pad 34, an analytical membrane 33, and an absorbent pad 32 arranged sequentially along the chromatography direction. The conjugate pad 34 contains a molecular conjugate 36, and the analytical membrane 33 is provided with a detection band 37 and a control band 38.

[0034] The immunofluorescence detection module is responsible for in-depth detection and analysis of collected bioaerosol samples. This module features automatic sample loading, accurately mixing samples with specific immunofluorescence reagents to ensure specific binding of target antigens in the sample to antibodies in the reagents. By detecting the resulting fluorescence signal, the module can quickly and accurately determine the presence of specific biomarkers in the sample, thereby identifying the type and potential hazards of the bioaerosol. Furthermore, after detection, the module also has a sample retention function, properly preserving the tested samples for further verification or in-depth research when needed, providing more comprehensive and reliable data support for biosafety control.

[0035] In some embodiments, the illumination optical path includes a collimating lens and a homogenizing lens arranged sequentially along the optical path; The imaging optical path includes a dichroic separator, a filter, and an imaging sensor. The dichroic separator is used to transmit excitation light from the illumination optical path and reflect fluorescence signals from the reagent card to the imaging sensor.

[0036] Please refer to the details. Figure 9 , Figure 10Using a ten-channel immunoassay reagent card as the detection target, an in-situ imaging optical module was designed based on the fluorescence characteristics of the immunotracer. As shown in the figure, the illumination source is a high-brightness LED with a center wavelength of 365nm. An aspherical collimating lens (AL) is placed in front of the LED to ensure that the illumination beam projected onto the detection window area of ​​the reagent card has a large illumination range, which can fully cover the signal area of ​​the reagent card. To eliminate the edge effect of beam focusing illumination, a beam homogenizer (DF) is placed in front of the focusing lens to improve the spatial uniformity of its illumination of the reagent card. The BS is a long-pass dichroic filter with a transmittance of approximately 90% for 365nm light and a reflectance of more than 95% in the 600nm band. That is, the excitation light is directly transmitted through the BS to illuminate the reagent card, and the fluorescence signal emitted by the reagent card is reflected by the BS and enters the imaging optical path. The FL is a fluorescence filter to eliminate excitation light scattering interference.

[0037] The ten-channel immunochromatographic reagent card utilizes immunochromatography technology to synthesize and optimize highly efficient luminescent nanoparticles. Microfluidic technology is employed to establish a rapid immunochromatographic technique. Quantitative detection is achieved by detecting the fluorescence intensity of the immunochromatographic reagent card using an ultraviolet light source. The ten-channel immunochromatographic reagent card is mainly composed of a sample pad 35, a conjugate pad 34, an analytical membrane 33, and an absorbent pad 32, fixed on an adhesive substrate 31 in a specific overlapping relationship. It is worth noting that the adhesive substrate 31 can be modified according to actual needs; for example, other plates used for support and mounting can also be used. This invention does not impose specific limitations on this. During detection, the sample is dropped onto the sample pad 35. The sample enters the conjugate pad 34 through osmosis and capillary action, causing the marker-bioactive molecule conjugate 36 within it to redissolve and become free. Under the capillary action of the absorbent pad 32, the sample leaves the conjugate pad 34 and enters the membrane, flowing towards the absorbent pad 32 within the membrane. During this process, a specific immune reaction will occur between the marker-bioactive molecule conjugate 36, the target analyte, the detection band 37, and the control band 38, immobilizing the marker on the detection band 37 or the control band 38. Generally, markers possess special optical properties, such as absorption, reflection, or fluorescence, thereby generating indicative optical signals.

[0038] Specifically, in the above embodiments, the detection module is responsible for in-depth detection and analysis of the collected bioaerosol samples. It can accurately mix the samples with specific immunofluorescence reagents, so that the target antigens in the samples can specifically bind to the antibodies in the reagents. In this way, the detection module can quickly and accurately determine whether there are specific biomarkers in the samples, thereby determining the types and potential hazards of bioaerosols and providing more comprehensive and reliable data support for biosafety prevention and control.

[0039] In summary, this invention constructs a three-tiered verification system of "fluorescence screening, mass spectrometry confirmation, and immunoassay verification." Initially, single-particle laser-induced fluorescence technology is used for rapid screening of suspicious targets. This technology efficiently identifies potentially suspicious aerosol particles by utilizing the unique characteristics of fluorescence signals. Subsequently, mass spectrometry is used to precisely analyze the chemical composition and molecular structure of the initially screened suspicious particles, confirming whether they are genuine suspected bioaerosols and providing a solid scientific basis for the judgment. Finally, immunoassay utilizes the principle of specific immune reactions to further verify the samples, eliminating interfering factors and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test results. This effectively avoids misjudgments that may occur with single detection methods, providing more precise decision support for biosafety assurance.

[0040] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a control system for a bioaerosol detection and collection device as described in any of the above claims, comprising: a signal receiving module, a sampling control module, and a detection triggering module; The signal receiving module, sampling control module, and detection triggering module are all connected by signals. The signal receiving module is also connected to the reconnaissance module 1 to receive the judgment signal. The sampling control module is also connected to the sampling module 2 and is used to send control commands to the sampling module 2 according to the judgment signal. The detection triggering module is also connected to the immune detection module 3 and is used to send trigger commands to the immune detection module 3 according to the acquisition completion status of the sampling module 2.

[0041] In the above structure, the signal receiving module receives and processes the raw analysis data from the reconnaissance module 1 in real time. When the data meets the preset biological threat criteria, the signal receiving module immediately generates a judgment signal. Subsequently, the sampling control module controls the sampling module 2 to start based on the judgment signal. At this time, the sampling module 2 begins sampling, while the sampling control module monitors the sampling status of the sampling module 2. After the preset conditions are met, a stop command is issued. Finally, the detection triggering module automatically drives the immunodetection module 3 to execute the detection program according to the signal information from the sampling control module. Specifically, the collected sample solution is first added to the reagent card. After the chromatography reaction is completed, the optical detection unit is triggered to perform fluorescence excitation, signal acquisition, and data analysis, thereby outputting the final immunodetection result. The entire process achieves fully automated, unmanned operation from reconnaissance and alarm to sampling and detection. The overall structure enables a rapid response within minutes, and the overall detection time can be controlled within 20 minutes, gaining valuable time for early warning and rapid response to biological threats. At the same time, the various modules of this invention are intelligently linked through signal and fluid pipelines, requiring no manual intervention. This not only significantly reduces operational complexity and labor costs but also avoids the risk of sample contamination or cross-contamination caused by manual operation, ensuring the reliability of detection results and providing a stable and reliable solution for on-site emergency monitoring.

[0042] Meanwhile, this device achieves fully automated operation of the entire chain from reconnaissance to sampling and detection, requiring no human intervention and completely avoiding the pollution risks that may arise from manual operation. In the field of biological detection, manual operation is not only inefficient but also prone to introducing external contaminants due to improper operation or negligence, affecting the accuracy and reliability of the detection results. This device, by introducing advanced automation technology and intelligent control system, achieves automated operation and precise control of each link. The reconnaissance module 1 can automatically monitor and analyze aerosols in the environment in real time without human supervision; the sampling module 2 can automatically complete sample collection and preservation after receiving an early warning signal, avoiding cross-contamination that may occur during manual sampling; the immunoassay module 3 can automatically complete the processes of sample addition, reaction, and result analysis, ensuring the objectivity and accuracy of the detection results. The fully automated operation mode not only improves detection efficiency and reduces labor costs, but more importantly, it provides a safer and more reliable solution for biological detection, effectively ensuring the accuracy of detection results and biosafety.

[0043] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A bioaerosol detection and collection integrated device, characterized in that, include: The reconnaissance module is used to sequentially detect the fluorescence characteristics and analyze the mass spectrometry components of single-particle aerosols, and generate a judgment signal. A sampling module, signal-connected to the reconnaissance module, is used to collect aerosol samples in the environment based on the determination signal; An immunoassay module, fluidly connected to the sampling module, is used to perform immunoassay analysis on the samples collected by the sampling module; The reconnaissance module, the sampling module, and the immune detection module are connected in sequence, and the sampling module controls the start and stop based on the judgment signal output by the reconnaissance module.

2. The integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reconnaissance module includes a sample introduction unit and a single-particle analysis unit, which are connected in sequence. The sample introduction unit is used to focus environmental aerosols and transmit them as a single-particle stream, and the single-particle analysis unit is used to perform fluorescence characteristic detection and mass spectrometry component analysis on the particles in the single-particle stream in sequence.

3. The integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The sample introduction unit includes a pre-focusing sample introduction interface, a virtual impactor, a buffer chamber, a multi-stage aerodynamic lens, and an accelerating nozzle arranged sequentially along the air intake direction. The pre-focused injection interface is provided with a constriction channel and a critical orifice for airflow acceleration. The virtual impactor is located downstream of the critical orifice to separate particles from excess gas. The focused particle flow is transmitted to the acceleration nozzle via the multi-stage aerodynamic lens.

4. The integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The single-particle analysis unit includes a diameter measurement optical path and a mass spectrometer. The diameter measuring optical path is provided with a first diameter measuring laser, a second diameter measuring laser and a third diameter measuring laser arranged sequentially and at intervals along the particle flow direction, which are used to sequentially detect the flight time of the particles to determine the particle size and trigger the acquisition of fluorescence signals; A mass spectrometer is located in the ionization region downstream of the third diameter-measuring laser and is used to perform ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis on the arriving particles.

5. The integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The mass spectrometer is a reflective time-of-flight mass analyzer, which includes an ion acceleration region, a reflection region, a field-free flight region, and an ion detector.

6. The integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The reflective time-of-flight mass analyzer has a V-shaped bipolar structure, in which positive ion analysis paths and negative ion analysis paths are symmetrically arranged.

7. The integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling module includes a wet-wall cyclone sampler. The wet-wall cyclone sampler has a sampling chamber with a tangential air inlet, so that the airflow entering the sampling chamber through the air inlet forms a spiral vortex in the sampling chamber. The wet-wall cyclone sampler also has a supply port for supplying sampling liquid to the inner wall of the sampling chamber and an outlet port for discharging the particulate sampling liquid.

8. The integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The immune detection module includes: The reagent card carrier unit is used to carry multi-channel immunochromatographic reagent cards; An optical detection unit is provided corresponding to the reagent card carrier unit; The optical detection unit includes an excitation light source, an illumination light path, and an imaging light path. The illumination light path is used to guide the light emitted by the excitation light source and uniformly illuminate the reagent card detection window on the reagent card carrier unit. The imaging light path is used to collect and detect the fluorescence signal generated after the reagent card is excited. The multichannel immunochromatographic reagent card includes a sample pad, a conjugate pad, an analytical membrane, and an absorbent pad arranged sequentially along the chromatography direction. The conjugate pad contains molecular conjugates, and the analytical membrane is provided with a detection band and a control band.

9. The integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The illumination optical path includes a collimating lens and a homogenizing lens arranged sequentially along the optical path; The imaging optical path includes a dichroic filter, a filter, and an imaging sensor, wherein the dichroic filter is used to transmit excitation light from the illumination optical path and reflect fluorescence signals from the reagent card to the imaging sensor.

10. A control system for the integrated bioaerosol detection and collection device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Signal receiving module, sampling control module, and detection triggering module; The signal receiving module, the sampling control module, and the detection triggering module are all signal-connected. The signal receiving module is also communicatively connected to the reconnaissance module to receive the determination signal. The sampling control module is also connected to the sampling module and is used to send control commands to the sampling module according to the determination signal. The detection triggering module is also connected to the immune detection module and is used to send trigger commands to the immune detection module according to the acquisition completion status of the sampling module.

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