Method and device for depicting complex structure deformation area and medium

Abstract

The invention provides a method and device for depicting a complex structure deformation area and a medium, and relates to the technical field of oil exploration and development, and the method comprises the steps: recognizing different fracture types in the complex structure deformation area; determining the forming time sequence of the different fracture types; and based on the time sequence, returning a breakpoint of the complex structure deformation area so as to depict the complex structure deformation area. In this way, depiction of the complex structure area is systematically achieved, and reliable support is provided for oil and gas resource evaluation and exploration deployment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petroleum exploration and development technology, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus, and medium for characterizing complex structural deformation zones. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, due to the transformation from discrete to convergent basin-mountain coupling mechanisms, a compressive-torsional regional stress field background has formed (Xu Zhiqin et al., 2004), a unique tectonic response has emerged within the plate: stress field transformation is achieved through plane strain decomposition, forming intraplate "small displacement, long distance" strike-slip faults that abruptly intersect and terminate at large or near-perpendicular angles with the basin margin or first-order tectonic zones (Wu Guanghui et al., 2021; Wang Qinghua et al., 2021; Guan Shuwei et al., 2022). Intraplate strike-slip faults are formed by the reactivation of pre-existing intraplate structures (such as weak zones, fractures, or faults) under stress concentration, with slip distances mostly on the scale of hundreds of meters, weak activity, and steep dips.

[0003] Current research on intraplate strike-slip faults in structural geology mainly focuses on five aspects: strike-slip fault stress mechanisms, strike-slip fault growth mechanisms, strike-slip fault structural styles, intraplate strike-slip fault systems, and internal configurations of strike-slip faults. In the field of research on fault-controlled hydrocarbon accumulation systems within intraplate strike-slip fault zones, several technical methods have been developed, including techniques and methods for sculpting fault-controlled reservoirs, evaluating the source-source connectivity of fault-controlled hydrocarbon reservoirs, and evaluating the accumulation process of fault-controlled hydrocarbon reservoirs.

[0004] However, in addition to the intraplate strike-slip faults that have been studied to a relatively mature extent in large craton basins such as the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin in China, there are also complex tectonic deformation zones in the basin-mountain transition zone at the basin margin. These complex tectonic deformation zones have various types of faults. Due to the presence of multiple fault types, fault identification is difficult, making it impossible to achieve accurate characterization, and systematic research is lacking.

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a method, apparatus, and medium for characterizing complex structural deformation zones. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a method, apparatus, and medium for characterizing complex structural deformation regions. The method includes:

[0007] Identify different fracture types within the deformation zone of complex structures;

[0008] Determine the timing of the formation of the different fracture types;

[0009] Based on the aforementioned timing sequence, the breakpoints of the complex structural deformation region are repositioned to characterize the complex structural deformation region.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the different fracture types are identified by the following steps:

[0011] Extract coherent slices from the deformation region of the complex structure;

[0012] Based on the coherent slices, the different fracture types were identified as thrust-nappe and strike-slip fractures.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the coherent slice is obtained through the following steps:

[0014] Seismic records were synthesized within the complex tectonic deformation zone to determine seismic-geological horizons and seismic reflection horizons;

[0015] Seismic interpretation is performed using the main survey lines, connecting lines, and arbitrary lines of the seismic-geological horizons to ensure that the seismic reflection horizons are closed in the complex tectonic deformation zone.

[0016] Under the constraint of the seismic reflection horizon, the coherent data volume of the complex structural deformation zone is calculated, and the coherent slice is extracted based on the coherent data volume.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the timing of the formation of the different fracture types is determined by the following steps:

[0018] Analysis of the complex structural deformation zone yields the first and second active periods corresponding to the thrust and the strike-slip fracture, respectively.

[0019] The time sequence is determined based on the chronological order of the first and second activity periods.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first activity period is determined by the following steps:

[0021] The apatite fission track in the complex structural deformation zone was analyzed to obtain apatite fission track data;

[0022] Axial surface analysis was performed on the deformation zone of the complex structure to obtain axial surface features;

[0023] The first active period is determined based on the axial surface features and the apatite fission track data.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second activity period is determined by the following steps:

[0025] The thickness variation of the growing strata within the complex structural deformation zone was analyzed, and the analysis results were obtained.

[0026] The depositional age of the strike-slip fault was obtained by performing U-Pb dating analysis on the U-Pb in the complex structural deformation zone.

[0027] Based on the analysis results and the deposition age, the second active period was determined.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the breakpoint is reset through the following steps:

[0029] Based on the time series, structural interpretation and structural restoration are performed on the target seismic profile in the complex structural deformation zone to obtain the offset of the faults of each developed layer in the target seismic profile before and after restoration.

[0030] Based on the offset, the breakpoint is repositioned.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the complex structural deformation region is characterized by the following steps:

[0032] The characteristic parameters of the complex structural deformation zone are determined, including: layered deformation characteristics, source characteristics, planar combination relationships, activity direction, and activity intensity;

[0033] Based on the offset and the feature parameters, the deformation region of the complex structure is characterized.

[0034] According to another aspect of the invention, a storage medium is also provided, comprising a series of instructions for performing the steps of the method as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0035] According to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for characterizing complex structural deformation regions is also provided, performing the method as described in any of the preceding claims, the apparatus comprising:

[0036] The identification module is used to identify different fracture types within the deformation zone of complex structures.

[0037] The determination module is used to determine the timing of the formation of the different fracture types;

[0038] The characterization module is used to reposition the breakpoints of the complex structural deformation region based on the time sequence, so as to characterize the complex structural deformation region.

[0039] This invention provides a method, apparatus, and medium for characterizing complex structural deformation regions, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0040] This invention identifies different fracture types in complex structural deformation zones to accurately determine the fracture types, then determines the temporal sequence of different fracture types, and based on the temporal sequence, locates the fault points in the complex structural deformation zone to characterize the complex structural zone. In this way, a systematic characterization of complex structural zones is achieved, providing reliable support for oil and gas resource evaluation and exploration deployment.

[0041] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for characterizing a complex structural deformation region according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0044] Figure 2(a) shows a schematic diagram of axial surface analysis according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2(b) shows a schematic diagram of analyzing the thickness variation of the growth strata according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of breakpoint repositioning according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0047] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the vertical displacement according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0048] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a strike-slip fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0049] Figure 6 A plan view of a strike-slip fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0050] Figure 7 A block diagram of a device for characterizing a complex structural deformation region according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0051] In the accompanying drawings, the same parts use the same reference numerals. Also, the drawings are not drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] The existing technology (CN112946780A) mentions a method and apparatus for determining the activity phases of strike-slip faults, including: determining the tectonic activity phases of the study area; determining and classifying the strike-slip fault cutting horizons based on 3D seismic data; determining the phases, types, and occurrences of associated fractures through core analysis; sampling different types of textures to prepare thin section and powder samples; performing mineralogical and petrological analysis on the thin section samples to determine the diagenetic sequence; performing trace element measurements on the powder samples to determine the degree of diagenetic alteration; selecting laser dating textures for dating analysis to form a dating cross-plot, marking the age values ​​and error ranges; projecting the age values ​​and error ranges onto the target stratum burial evolution history coordinate system of the study area to establish the evolutionary sequence obtained by U-Pb dating; and determining the activity phases of strike-slip faults based on the tectonic burial evolution history, diagenetic sequence, and U-Pb dating results. This invention can effectively identify the phases of strike-slip fault activity. The steps differ from those of this invention.

[0054] The existing technology (CN115524751A) mentions a method and equipment for identifying strike-slip fractures in complex structural zones, including: acquiring multiple stratigraphic levels; obtaining fracture distribution maps for each stratigraphic level; determining strike-slip fractures and their fracture numbers, coordinate data, and azimuth parameters within each stratigraphic level based on the fracture distribution maps of multiple stratigraphic levels; and obtaining strike-slip fracture distribution maps and compression fracture distribution maps for each stratigraphic level based on the fracture distribution maps of the stratigraphic level and the fracture numbers and azimuth parameters of the strike-slip fractures within the stratigraphic level. This invention utilizes seismic data to identify strike-slip fractures based on the morphological differences of different types of fractures in plan and profile sections, and then extracts and peels them to obtain strike-slip fracture distribution maps and compression fracture distribution maps. It employs a layered comparison and layer-by-layer peeling identification method, achieving high fracture identification accuracy. It has achieved good results in the application of practical data, evaluation of fault control target scale, and well location selection, providing reliable support for oil and gas resource evaluation and exploration deployment. The steps of this invention differ from those of the present invention.

[0055] Existing technology (CN115542383A) discloses a method and apparatus for establishing a strike-slip fracture interpretation model, as well as an interpretation method and apparatus. It includes: receiving seismic data and well logging information; determining an initial strike-slip fracture characterization image based on the seismic data; adjusting the initial strike-slip fracture characterization image using well logging information and geological evolution laws to obtain a strike-slip fracture spatial topological image; using seismic profile data from the seismic data as input and the label information of the strike-slip fracture spatial topological image as output, constructing training samples from the seismic profile data and the corresponding strike-slip fracture spatial topological image, and constructing a neural network model based on the input and output; training the neural network model using the training samples, and using the trained neural network model as the strike-slip fracture interpretation model. This invention solves the problems of low detection and identification accuracy of small fractures and the large workload for seismic interpreters in characterization. The steps differ from those of this invention.

[0056] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in the prior art, this invention provides a method, apparatus, and medium for characterizing complex structural deformation zones. Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for characterizing a complex structural deformation region according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The method includes:

[0057] S101, identifies different fracture types within the deformation zone of complex structures;

[0058] S102, determine the timing of different fracture types;

[0059] S103, based on time sequence, repositions the breakpoints in the deformation zone of complex structures in order to characterize the deformation zone of complex structures.

[0060] This invention identifies different fracture types in complex structural deformation zones to accurately determine the fracture types, then determines the temporal sequence of different fracture types, and based on the temporal sequence, locates the fault points in the complex structural deformation zone to characterize the complex structural zone. In this way, a systematic characterization of complex structural zones is achieved, providing reliable support for oil and gas resource evaluation and exploration deployment.

[0061] In one possible embodiment, different fracture types are identified through the following steps:

[0062] Extract coherent slices from the deformation region of complex structures;

[0063] Based on coherence sections, different fracture types were identified as thrust-nappe and strike-slip fractures.

[0064] Among them, coherent slices such as time slices, vertical slices and cross-sectional slices can be extracted from the deformation zone of complex structures. Then, the coherent slices are imaged to identify the fracture type as thrust-nappe and strike-slip fractures.

[0065] For example, based on coherence slices and seismic profile features, different fault types can be identified as thrust-nappe and strike-slip faults. Seismic exploration methods can be used to lay out survey lines on the ground in complex tectonic deformation zones, and seismic data can be collected along these lines. This data is then processed by a computer to generate seismic profile maps, from which seismic profile features can be derived.

[0066] In this way, based on coherent slices, different fracture types within the deformation zone of complex structures can be identified, thus improving the accuracy of fracture type identification in the deformation zone of complex structures.

[0067] In one possible embodiment, coherent slices are obtained through the following steps:

[0068] Synthesize seismic records within complex tectonic deformation zones to determine seismic-geological horizons and seismic reflection horizons;

[0069] Seismic interpretation is carried out by using the main survey line, connecting line, and arbitrary line of the seismic-geological horizon to ensure that the seismic reflection horizon is closed in the complex tectonic deformation zone.

[0070] Under the constraint of seismic reflection horizon, coherent data volume of complex structural deformation zone is calculated, and coherent slices are extracted based on coherent data volume.

[0071] For example, seismic and drilling data from complex tectonic deformation zones can be collected to synthesize seismic records. Then, stratigraphic calibration is performed to identify seismic-geological stratigraphic levels and specific seismic reflection levels. Fine seismic interpretation is carried out using master survey lines, connecting lines, and arbitrary lines until all seismic reflection levels are closed across the entire area. Afterward, coherent data volumes of seismic data within complex tectonic deformation zones are calculated using software such as SMI. Based on the coherent data volumes and constrained by seismic reflection levels, coherent slices corresponding to each seismic reflection level are extracted.

[0072] In this way, coherent slices of complex structural deformation zones can be obtained, thereby improving the accuracy of coherent slice extraction, strengthening the identification of activity phases and fracture combinations, and increasing the reliability of fracture characterization.

[0073] In one possible embodiment, the timing of different fracture types is determined through the following steps:

[0074] Analysis of the deformation zone of complex structures yields the first and second active periods corresponding to thrust and strike-slip faults, respectively.

[0075] The time sequence is determined based on the chronological order of the first and second activity periods.

[0076] For example, by analyzing the complex structural deformation zone, the first active period of thrusting and threshing can be determined to be the Late Yanshanian period; the second active period corresponding to the strike-slip fault can be determined to be the Late Caledonian period. Then, it can be determined that the order of the first and second active periods is that the strike-slip fault activity precedes the thrusting and threshing, which means that the early strike-slip fault was subjected to multiple detachment and thrusting modification in the later stage.

[0077] In this way, the timing of the formation of thrust and strike-slip fractures can be determined, providing data support for characterizing the deformation zone of complex structures.

[0078] In one possible embodiment, the first activity period is determined by the following steps:

[0079] Analysis of apatite fission tracks in complex structural deformation zones yielded apatite fission track data.

[0080] Axial surface analysis is performed on the deformation zone of complex structures to obtain axial surface characteristics;

[0081] The first active period was determined based on the axial surface characteristics and apatite fission track data.

[0082] Among them, axial surface analysis can be performed on the complex structural deformation zone to obtain the schematic diagram shown in Figure 2(a). Based on the schematic diagram, the axial surface features are characterized. Combined with the apatite fission track data, the first active period is determined to be after the Cretaceous, that is, since the Yanshan Movement.

[0083] Thus, based on the apatite fission track method and axial plane analysis, the first active period of thrusting can be obtained, thereby improving the accuracy of the first active period.

[0084] In one possible embodiment, the second activity period is determined by the following steps:

[0085] The thickness variation of growing strata in complex tectonic deformation zones was analyzed, and the analysis results were obtained.

[0086] U-Pb dating analysis was performed on the deformation zone of the complex structure to obtain the depositional age of the strike-slip fault;

[0087] Based on the analysis results and the depositional age, the second active period was determined.

[0088] Among them, the thickness variation of the growing strata in the complex tectonic deformation zone can be analyzed, and the schematic diagram shown in Figure 2(b) is obtained. Based on the schematic diagram, the analysis results show that the strata are thickened. Combined with the sedimentary age, the second active period is determined to be the Late Caledonian, that is, since the Late Caledonian Movement.

[0089] Thus, based on stratigraphic analysis and U-Pb dating of core veins, the second active period of the strike-slip fault can be obtained, thereby improving the accuracy of the second active period.

[0090] In one possible implementation, the breakpoint is reset by the following steps:

[0091] Based on time series, structural interpretation and structural reconstruction are performed on the target seismic profile in the complex structural deformation zone to obtain the offset of the faults of each developed layer in the target seismic profile before and after reconstruction.

[0092] The breakpoint is repositioned based on the offset.

[0093] For example, a target seismic profile perpendicular to the axis of a complex structural deformation zone can be selected for detailed structural interpretation. Then, undeformed or weakly deformed directions are selected as anchor lines, and structural restoration is carried out layer by layer. The offset of the developed strata in each complex structural deformation zone is statistically analyzed, mainly focusing on the offset of the fault points in the complex structural deformation zone before and after stratum restoration. In this invention, the Cambrian gypsum-salt layer is used as the boundary. Taking strike-slip faults as an example, the shortening of the strata above the salt layer is found to be 3-5 km greater than that of the strata below the salt layer. This means that, with the gypsum-salt layer as the boundary, the upper salt portion of the same early strike-slip fault shifted 3-5 km to the left of the profile compared to the lower salt portion. That is, the upper and lower salt portions of the same fault zone shifted under later compressional slippage. Finally, a range is defined as the upper salt strike-slip fault point shifting 3-5 km to the left compared to the lower salt strike-slip fault point. Figure 3 The breakpoint is reset as shown.

[0094] In one possible embodiment, the complex structural deformation region is characterized through the following steps:

[0095] Determine the characteristic parameters of the deformation zone in complex structures, including: layered deformation characteristics, source characteristics, planar combination relationships, direction of activity, and intensity of activity;

[0096] Based on offset and characteristic parameters, the deformation region of complex structures is characterized.

[0097] This allows for the analysis of complex structural deformation zones to obtain deformation characteristics, sources, planar combination relationships, activity directions, and vertical displacements, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the activity intensity is calculated based on the vertical fault displacement, and then the fracture is combined based on the offset and characteristic parameters to characterize the cross-sectional and planar features of the deformation zone of the complex structure.

[0098] This invention can characterize strike-slip fractures and thrust-nappes within complex structural deformation zones. Taking strike-slip fractures as an example, for instance... Figure 5 The image shown is a cross-sectional view of a strike-slip fracture. Figure 5 It can be seen that the profile features are: no vertical flow, appearing as a "negative flower" pattern above the salt layer and converging into the gypsum salt layer, while below the salt layer it appears as a "steep, vertical line". For example... Figure 6 The image shown is a plan view of a strike-slip fracture. Figure 6 It can be seen that the planar features are: the fractures above the salt are arranged in a "right-step" pattern, and the fractures below the salt are arranged in a "left-step" pattern.

[0099] The method for characterizing complex structural deformation regions provided by this invention can also be used in conjunction with a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium stores a computer program, which is executed to run the method for characterizing complex structural deformation regions. The computer program can execute computer instructions, which include computer program code. The computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or some intermediate form.

[0100] Computer-readable storage media can include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc.

[0101] It should be noted that the contents of computer-readable storage media may be appropriately added to or subtracted from the contents according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in a jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable storage media may not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0102] According to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for characterizing a complex structural deformation region is also provided, which performs a method for characterizing a complex structural deformation region. Figure 7 A block diagram of a device for characterizing a complex structural deformation region according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, such as Figure 7 As shown, the device includes:

[0103] The identification module 510 is used to identify different fracture types within the deformation zone of complex structures.

[0104] Module 520 is used to determine the timing of the formation of different fracture types;

[0105] Characterization module 530 is used to reposition the breakpoints of the complex structural deformation zone based on time sequence in order to characterize the complex structural deformation zone.

[0106] In summary, the present invention provides a method, apparatus, and medium for characterizing complex structural deformation regions, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0107] This invention identifies different fracture types in complex structural deformation zones to accurately determine the fracture types, then determines the temporal sequence of different fracture types, and based on the temporal sequence, locates the fault points in the complex structural deformation zone to characterize the complex structural zone. In this way, a systematic characterization of complex structural zones is achieved, providing reliable support for oil and gas resource evaluation and exploration deployment.

[0108] Example 1: Taking Block A in southeastern Sichuan Basin, China, as an example, the main tectonic location spans the southern part of the eastern Sichuan arcuate high-steep fold belt and the southern part of the southern Sichuan broom-shaped fold belt, exhibiting a generally developed cleaved fold belt. Ten small gas fields associated with thrust faults have been discovered within and adjacent areas, mainly concentrated in the Jialingjiang Formation and Maokou Formation. Currently, research on strike-slip faults in this region is in its initial stage; the distribution, genesis, and reservoir-controlling effects of strike-slip faults are not yet clearly understood. There is an urgent need to conduct research on faults and related oil and gas fields to expand the scope of risk exploration.

[0109] To address this situation, we first collected high-precision seismic and deep drilling data for the block, then precisely calibrated seismic-geological strata using synthetic seismic records, and conducted strata interpretation and closure. We then calculated multichannel coherent data volumes from the original seismic data using software such as SMI. Based on these multichannel coherent data volumes, we created coherent enhancement slices for each stratum under the constraint of the main seismic reflection strata.

[0110] Secondly, based on profile characteristics and coherent slices of marker layers, it was determined that two types of faults, thrust and strike-slip, developed in area A. Axial plane analysis of the thrust anticline structure and apatite fission track data confirmed that the thrust-nappe process in area A occurred during the Late Yanshanian period. Analysis of the related growth strata of the strike-slip faults and U-Pb dating of core veins determined that the strike-slip faults formed during the Late Caledonian period. In summary, the chronology of compressional structures and strike-slip fault activity was clarified, indicating that strike-slip fault activity predates multiple detachment thrust compression, meaning that the early strike-slip faults were later subjected to multiple detachment thrust modification.

[0111] Secondly, a long seismic profile perpendicular to the structural axis of Block A was selected for structural reconstruction to clarify the shortening of each layer. The relative changes in shortening of the strike-slip fault development segments were statistically analyzed. It was determined that, with the Cambrian gypsum-salt layer as the boundary, the shortening of the strata above the salt layer was 3-5 km greater than that below the salt layer. This means that, with the gypsum-salt layer as the boundary, the upper part of the same early strike-slip fault shifted 3-5 km towards the pin line direction compared to the lower part, indicating that the upper and lower parts of the same fault zone shifted under later compressional detachment. Finally, based on the range where the upper strike-slip fault point shifted 3-5 km to the left compared to the lower strike-slip fault point, fault combinations were constructed to characterize the fault profile and planar features. It was determined that the strike-slip faults in Block A shifted along the salt layer in the profile, exhibiting stratification, with no continuous source. Above the salt layer, they converged to the gypsum-salt layer in a "negative flower" pattern, while below the salt layer, they appeared as "steep, vertical lines." In the planar view, the upper salt faults were arranged in a "right-step" pattern, while the lower salt faults were arranged in a "left-step" pattern.

[0112] The application of this technical method clarifies that the strike-slip faults in the Qijiang area developed during the Late Caledonian period and were modified by the later Yanshanian orogeny, exhibiting distinct vertical stratification. The Silurian Shiniulan Formation and the Ordovician Baota Formation limestone are superimposed on the strike-slip faults, potentially forming fault-controlled fracture-cavity reservoirs. The upper and lower salt-bearing fault planes differ by 3-5 km, lacking the hydrocarbon source rocks of the lower salt-bearing Qiongzhusi Formation. The oil and gas primarily originate from the upper salt-bearing Silurian Longmaxi Formation, indicating excellent reservoir formation conditions and potential for exploration in the hundreds of billions of cubic meters. This approach can be applied to risk exploration studies in similar fault-controlled oil and gas reservoir areas.

[0113] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps, or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features as understood by those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0114] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0115] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0116] Certain terms are used throughout this application to refer to specific system components. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the same components may often be referred to by different names, and therefore this application is not intended to distinguish those components that differ only in name and not in function. In this application, the terms “comprise,” “include,” and “have” are used in an open-ended manner and should therefore be interpreted as meaning “including, but not limited to…”. Furthermore, the terms “substantially,” “materially,” or “approximately” as used herein refer to industry-accepted tolerances for the corresponding terms. The term “coupling,” as may be used herein, includes direct coupling and indirect coupling via additional components, elements, circuits, or modules, wherein, for indirect coupling, the intermediate component, element, circuit, or module does not alter the information of the signal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and / or power level. Inferred coupling (e.g., one element is inferredly coupled to another element) includes direct and indirect coupling between two elements in the same manner as “coupling.”

[0117] The phrase "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" used in this specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrase "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0118] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

[0119] While the embodiments disclosed in this invention are as described above, the content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make any modifications and variations in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein; however, the scope of patent protection for this invention shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for characterizing the deformation region of a complex structure, characterized in that, The method includes: Identify different fracture types within the deformation zone of complex structures; Determine the timing of the formation of the different fracture types; Based on the aforementioned timing sequence, the breakpoints of the complex structural deformation region are repositioned to characterize the complex structural deformation region.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The different fracture types are identified by the following steps: Extract coherent slices from the deformation region of the complex structure; Based on the coherent slices, the different fracture types were identified as thrust-nappe and strike-slip fractures.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The coherent slices are obtained through the following steps: Seismic records were synthesized within the complex tectonic deformation zone to determine seismic-geological horizons and seismic reflection horizons; Seismic interpretation is performed using the main survey lines, connecting lines, and arbitrary lines of the seismic-geological horizons to ensure that the seismic reflection horizons are closed in the complex tectonic deformation zone. Under the constraint of the seismic reflection horizon, the coherent data volume of the complex structural deformation zone is calculated, and the coherent slice is extracted based on the coherent data volume.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The timing of the formation of the different fracture types is determined by the following steps: Analysis of the complex structural deformation zone yields the first and second active periods corresponding to the thrust and the strike-slip fracture, respectively. The time sequence is determined based on the chronological order of the first and second activity periods.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first activity period is determined by the following steps: The apatite fission track in the complex structural deformation zone was analyzed to obtain apatite fission track data; Axial surface analysis was performed on the deformation zone of the complex structure to obtain its axial surface features; The first active period is determined based on the axial surface features and the apatite fission track data.

6. The method as described in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The second activity period is determined by the following steps: The thickness variation of the growing strata within the complex structural deformation zone was analyzed, and the analysis results were obtained. The depositional age of the strike-slip fault was obtained by performing U-Pb dating analysis on the U-Pb in the complex structural deformation zone. Based on the analysis results and the deposition age, the second active period was determined.

7. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The breakpoint is reset using the following steps: Based on the time series, structural interpretation and structural restoration are performed on the target seismic profile in the complex structural deformation zone to obtain the offset of the faults of each developed layer in the target seismic profile before and after restoration. Based on the offset, the breakpoint is repositioned.

8. The method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The complex deformation region is characterized by the following steps: The characteristic parameters of the complex structural deformation zone are determined, including: layered deformation characteristics, source characteristics, planar combination relationships, activity direction, and activity intensity; Based on the offset and the feature parameters, the deformation region of the complex structure is characterized.

9. A storage medium, characterized in that, It includes a series of instructions for performing the method steps as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A device for characterizing deformation zones in complex structures, characterized in that, The apparatus for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1-8 comprises: The identification module is used to identify different fracture types within the deformation zone of complex structures. The determination module is used to determine the timing of the formation of the different fracture types; The characterization module is used to reposition the breakpoints of the complex structural deformation region based on the time sequence, so as to characterize the complex structural deformation region.

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