Coal seam water inrush risk monitoring method and system based on repeated disturbance in ecologically fragile area

Abstract

The application discloses a coal seam water inrush danger monitoring method and system based on repeated disturbance in an ecological fragile area, and relates to the technical field of mine water disaster prevention and control. The method comprises the following steps: comprehensively determining engineering geological conditions according to the vertical depth of the wind oxidation zone and the coal seam characteristic parameters; performing numerical simulation by using a numerical model; based on the positions of the fan lanes of the coal seam working faces in the mine field exploration line graph, determining the water prevention and isolation coal rock pillar setting under repeated disturbance of the coal seam working face near the ecological fragile area coal seam hidden outcrop by using the development heights of the two zones and the height inhibition coefficients of the wind oxidation zone two zones when the coal seam working faces are mined for different lengths, and monitoring the water inrush danger of the working face according to the roof failure characteristics of each working face in the regional roadway. The application can realize real-time and accurate water inrush danger monitoring of the working face near the coal seam hidden outcrop.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine water hazard prevention and control technology, and in particular to a method and system for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically vulnerable areas based on repeated disturbances. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] The coal-bearing strata are hidden beneath the Paleogene strata, and their mining thickness and dip angle vary greatly, resulting in a severe risk of water inrush at the roof of the aeolian oxidation zone in the mining area. Water inrush accidents at the mine roof, one of the types of coal mine safety accidents, are essentially the final macroscopic manifestation of mining-induced water-conducting fracture zones penetrating the aquitard.

[0004] When mining near concealed coal seams in ecologically fragile areas, it is necessary to design safety features for water-blocking coal-rock pillars to mitigate the risk of water inrush and reduce the probability of accidents. However, water inrush risk involves multiple factors, exhibiting high uncertainty and extreme dependence on spatiotemporal resolution. Determining the development height of the two zones and the water inrush risk under repeated mining near concealed coal seams is challenging, often resulting in discrepancies between predicted and actual development heights, leading to significant errors in water inrush risk assessment. Due to the lack of water inrush-specific designs for water-blocking coal-rock pillars near concealed coal seams in ecologically fragile areas under repeated disturbances, roof-induced water inrush accidents frequently occur. Current research on determining the height of the two zones in the mining roof often integrates field measurements, numerical simulations, and similar material simulations. While these studies have yielded substantial results and, to some extent, prevented roof-induced water inrush accidents, they still have the following shortcomings:

[0005] (1) Due to the weak lithology near the coal seam outcrop in the mining area, the hole collapse accident is very likely to occur when relying on the double-end sealing side leakage device and on-site inspection, making it impossible to obtain the development height of the two zones under repeated mining of the working face near the coal seam outcrop through on-site measurement.

[0006] (2) In the current mining area, when designing the water-proof coal and rock pillar and monitoring the risk of water inrush, the working face near the concealed coal seam outcrop often considers the mining of a single coal seam and often ignores the impact of repeated mining. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a method and system for monitoring water inrush hazard in ecologically fragile areas of coal seams based on repeated disturbances. This method overcomes the shortcomings of neglecting repeated mining of the working face near the concealed outcrop of the coal seam and failing to accurately determine the development height of the two zones when predicting the height of the roof of the working face near the concealed outcrop of the coal seam. This method further enables real-time and accurate monitoring of water inrush hazard in the working face near the concealed outcrop of the coal seam.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0009] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically vulnerable areas based on repeated perturbation, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Obtain the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam soil samples, and comprehensively determine the engineering geological conditions based on the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam;

[0011] A numerical model was established based on the actual engineering geological conditions, and numerical simulation was performed using the numerical model to obtain the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the height of the wind oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face.

[0012] Based on the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face in the mine field exploration line map, the water-proof coal and rock pillars to be left under repeated disturbance of mining near the hidden outcrop of the coal seam in the ecologically fragile area are determined by using the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the height of the two zones of the wind oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face.

[0013] Based on the principle of leaving water-resistant coal and rock pillars near the hidden coal seam outcrops in ecologically fragile areas under repeated disturbances during mining, the risk of water inrush is monitored in the regional roadways according to the roof damage characteristics of each working face during mining.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific steps for obtaining the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam soil samples are as follows:

[0015] Based on the physical and mechanical parameter tests and analyses of the rock and soil samples and coal core samples taken from the drilling project, the coal sample analysis parameters were obtained, and the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone was determined based on the coal sample analysis parameters.

[0016] Indoor macro- and micro-scale experiments were conducted to obtain characteristic parameters of coal seam soil samples.

[0017] Furthermore, the parameters for coal sample analysis include moisture, ash, volatile matter, oxygen, calorific value, and apparent density; the parameters for coal seam soil sample characteristics include soil type, degree of looseness of internal structure, and water-bearing capacity.

[0018] Furthermore, based on the mine's comprehensive mining engineering plan, the exploration line closest to the hidden outcrops of each coal seam is determined, thereby determining the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face on the exploration line map.

[0019] Furthermore, the specific steps for establishing a numerical model based on the actual engineering geological conditions and using the numerical model for numerical simulation are as follows:

[0020] Numerical models were established using the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model based on engineering geological conditions and the actual working conditions of each coal seam.

[0021] Assign corresponding physical and mechanical parameters to each rock stratum and coal seam in the numerical model, and set boundary conditions;

[0022] Numerical simulations were conducted on the coal seams of each working face until all mining was completed, and the development height of the two zones was statistically analyzed when the working face of each coal seam was mined for different lengths.

[0023] Furthermore, the steps for obtaining the inhibition coefficient of the two wind oxidation zones are as follows:

[0024] Calculate the fracturing ratio and scraping ratio near the concealed outcrops of each coal seam;

[0025] The height inhibition coefficient of the two zones of the wind oxidation zone was calculated based on the fracturing ratio and the slumping ratio.

[0026] Furthermore, based on the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face on the minefield exploration line map, the specific steps for determining the water-resistant coal-rock pillar retention under repeated mining disturbances near the concealed outcrop of the ecologically fragile coal seam, using the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the wind oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face, are as follows:

[0027] The development heights of the two zones obtained from numerical simulation under repeated mining near the coal seam outcrop are plotted on the minefield exploration line map.

[0028] The type and thickness of the water-resistant coal-rock pillar to be left under repeated disturbances during mining near the concealed coal seam outcrop are determined by combining existing standards with the exploration line map of the coalfield and the height inhibition coefficient of the two zones of wind oxidation.

[0029] A second aspect of the present invention provides a monitoring system for coal seam water inrush hazard in ecologically fragile areas based on repeated perturbation, comprising:

[0030] The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam soil samples, and to comprehensively determine the engineering geological conditions based on the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam.

[0031] The numerical simulation module is configured to establish a numerical model based on the actual engineering geological conditions, and to use the numerical model to perform numerical simulation to obtain the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the height of the wind oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face.

[0032] The component design module is configured to determine the water-proof coal and rock pillars to be left near the hidden outcrops of the coal seam in the ecologically fragile area under repeated disturbances during mining, based on the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face on the mine field exploration line map and the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the height of the two zones of the wind oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face.

[0033] The hazard monitoring module is configured to monitor the risk of water inrush in regional roadways based on the characteristics of roof damage caused by repeated mining near the hidden coal seam outcrops in ecologically fragile areas.

[0034] A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program adapted to be loaded by a processor and to execute the steps of the method for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically fragile areas based on repeated perturbation as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0035] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer device comprising:

[0036] A processor, adapted to execute computer programs;

[0037] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, implements the method for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically fragile areas based on repeated perturbation as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0038] The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0039] This invention discloses a method and system for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically fragile areas based on repeated perturbation. First, physical and mechanical parameters are tested and analyzed based on rock and soil samples and coal core samples obtained from drilling operations to determine the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone. Indoor macro- and micro-scale experiments are conducted, and contour maps of the bedrock, gravel, and laterite aquitard thickness of each coal seam are drawn to comprehensively determine its engineering geological conditions. Based on the mine's comprehensive mining engineering plan, the nearest exploration line to each coal seam outcrop is determined, thereby determining the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face on the exploration line map. Basic physical and mechanical parameters of rock samples above each coal seam working face near the concealed outcrop are obtained. A numerical model is established based on the actual location of the ventilation roadway, the coal seam dip angle, and the dip length of each coal seam working face. Based on this, mining operations are carried out near the concealed outcrop of the coal seam in ecologically fragile areas. FLAC3D numerical simulation under repeated coal mining disturbance was used to statistically analyze the development height of the two zones at different mining lengths in each working face. The cracking ratio and caving ratio near the concealed outcrops of each coal seam were calculated, and the inhibition coefficient of the two zones height in the wind-oxidation zone was proposed. The development height of the two zones was then plotted on the CAD drawing of the minefield exploration line. Based on the above data and relevant specifications, the water-proof coal-rock pillars to be left near the concealed outcrops of coal seams in ecologically fragile areas under repeated mining disturbance were determined. Furthermore, in the roadways of this area, inclined boreholes were constructed facing outwards from the working face according to the roof damage characteristics of the working face. Various types of sensors were deployed at different depths in these boreholes to monitor the risk of water inrush. This has important scientific research significance and application value for reducing the water inrush accident rate, ensuring the safety of underground workers, and promoting the development of mining engineering mechanics and water hazard prevention technology.

[0040] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of neglecting repeated mining of the roof and the inability to accurately determine the development height of the two zones in working faces near concealed coal seam outcrops in ecologically fragile areas. It further achieves real-time and accurate monitoring of water inrush risk in working faces near concealed coal seam outcrops. Through indoor experiments, the boundary of the aeolian oxidation zone is determined, its soil type, internal structure looseness, and water-bearing capacity are assessed, and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock strata above each working face near concealed coal seam outcrops are obtained. These parameters are then incorporated into a numerical model established based on the actual slope length and dip angle of each working face. Using FLAC3D numerical simulation software, the development height of the two zones can be accurately determined. A suppression coefficient for the height of the aeolian oxidation zone is proposed, saving numerical simulation workload and providing more accurate acquisition of the development height. Based on the above data and relevant specifications, the need for water-resistant coal-rock pillars under repeated mining disturbances near concealed coal seam outcrops in ecologically fragile areas can be determined. Water inrush risk can be monitored by deploying various types of sensors in the roadways of this area.

[0041] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically fragile areas based on repeated perturbation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0045] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically fragile areas based on repeated perturbations, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Obtain the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam soil samples, and comprehensively determine the engineering geological conditions based on the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam.

[0050] Step 1.1: Based on the rock and soil samples and coal core samples taken from the drilling project, conduct physical and mechanical parameter tests and analyses to obtain coal sample analysis parameters, and determine the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone based on the coal sample analysis parameters.

[0051] In one specific implementation, physical and mechanical parameters are tested and analyzed based on the rock and soil samples and coal core samples obtained from the drilling project. Specific physical and mechanical parameter tests include: Poisson's ratio, uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, cohesion, shear strength, and density. Coal sample analysis parameters include moisture (M), ash (A), volatile matter (V), oxygen (O), calorific value (Q), and apparent density. The vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone is determined based on these coal sample analysis parameters.

[0052] The vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone refers to the depth from the surface down to the layer of the coal seam that has lost its mining value due to weathering and oxidation. Since coal core samples obtained during drilling are taken from different depths, physical and mechanical parameters are tested and analyzed on these core samples. Because the core samples from the aeolian oxidation zone are more fragmented, have higher ash content, and lower calorific value, this significant difference can be used to determine the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone.

[0053] Step 1.2: Conduct indoor macro- and micro-scale experiments to obtain the characteristic parameters of coal seam soil samples.

[0054] In one specific implementation, the characteristic parameters of coal seam soil samples include soil type, degree of looseness of internal structure, and water-bearing capacity. Indoor macro- and micro-scale experiments are conducted, and contour maps of the bedrock, gravel, and laterite aquitard thickness of each coal seam roof are plotted using Sufer software to comprehensively determine its engineering geological conditions. The indoor macro- and micro-scale experiments mainly include: liquid limit and plastic limit measurement experiments, optimum moisture content measurement experiments, SEM and XRD micro-scale experiments, etc. Based on these, the characteristic parameters of the coal seam soil samples are comprehensively judged, including soil type, degree of looseness of internal structure, and water-bearing capacity.

[0055] Step 1.3: Determine the engineering geological conditions based on the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam.

[0056] Engineering geological conditions encompass dimensions including shallow strata stability, shaft and tunnel engineering design and construction conditions, hydrogeological conditions, gas and ground pressure hazard assessment, coal mining methods, and engineering face layout. After obtaining the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and coal seam characteristic parameters, judgments can be made based on actual conditions, expert experience, and existing standards; these will not be elaborated upon here.

[0057] Step 2: Establish a numerical model based on the actual engineering geological conditions, and use the numerical model to perform numerical simulation to obtain the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the wind oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face.

[0058] Step 2.1: Establish a numerical model using the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model based on the engineering geological conditions and the actual conditions of each coal seam working face.

[0059] In one specific implementation, a numerical model is established based on engineering geological conditions, including the actual location of the ventilation roadway in each coal seam working face, the dip angle of the coal seam, the dip length, and the thickness of each stratum (obtained from historical records or existing data), and the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model is selected. Since the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model is an existing model in this field, it is common knowledge in this field to construct a numerical model based on the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model using known parameters, and will not be elaborated here.

[0060] Step 2.2: Assign corresponding physical and mechanical parameters to each rock stratum and coal seam in the numerical model, and set boundary conditions.

[0061] The boundary conditions include displacement boundaries, velocity boundaries, and stress boundaries.

[0062] Step 2.3: Conduct numerical simulations of the coal seams in each working face until all mining is completed, and statistically analyze the development height of the two zones when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face.

[0063] In one specific implementation, FLAC3D numerical simulation is carried out, that is, mining 300m along the strike from the working face, a total of 60 steps, each step mining 5m. After mining the overlying coal seam, mining the adjacent underlying coal seam continues until all coal seams in each working face are mined. The development height of the two zones is statistically analyzed when the working face of each coal seam is mined for different lengths.

[0064] Step 2.4: Calculate the height inhibition coefficients of the two wind oxidation zones.

[0065] Step 2.4.1: Calculate the fracturing ratio and slumping ratio near the concealed outcrops of each coal seam.

[0066] In one specific implementation, the fracturing ratio and caving ratio near the concealed outcrops of each coal seam are calculated using the following formula:

[0067] (1),

[0068] (2).

[0069] In the formula, a is the cross-mining ratio; b is the fracture mining ratio; H c H represents the height of the caving zone, in meters (m). f M represents the height of the water-conducting fracture zone, in meters; M represents the thickness of the coal seam near the concealed outcrop, in meters.

[0070] Step 2.4.2: Calculate the height inhibition coefficient of the two zones of the wind oxidation zone based on the fracturing ratio and the slumping ratio.

[0071] In one specific implementation, the height inhibition coefficient of the two zones of the wind-oxidized zone is calculated based on the numerical values ​​of the fractured extraction ratio and the slump extraction ratio, as shown in the following formula:

[0072] (3),

[0073] (4).

[0074] In the formula, c is the caving zone inhibition coefficient at the aeolian oxidation zone; d is the water-conducting fracture zone inhibition coefficient at the aeolian oxidation zone; a1 is the caving ratio of the first main coal seam below the aeolian oxidation zone and far away from the aeolian oxidation zone; b1 is the fracturing ratio of the first main coal seam below the aeolian oxidation zone and far away from the aeolian oxidation zone; a j b is the scavenging ratio of the j-th (j=2, 3, 4, 5…) main coal seam below the aeolian oxidation zone and near the aeolian oxidation zone; j It is the cracking ratio of the j-th (j=2, 3, 4, 5…) main coal seam below the aeolian oxidation zone and close to the aeolian oxidation zone.

[0075] Based on the inhibition coefficient of the two-zone height in the wind oxidation zone, combined with field measurements, it can be applied to the subsequent prediction of the two-zone height development in the wind oxidation zone. Specifically, it can verify the reliability and accuracy of the subsequent prediction results of the two-zone height development in the wind oxidation zone.

[0076] Step 3: Based on the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face on the mine field exploration line map, determine the water-proof coal and rock pillar to be left under repeated mining disturbance near the hidden outcrop of the coal seam in the ecologically fragile area by using the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the height of the two zones of the wind oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face.

[0077] In one specific implementation, the area near a concealed coal seam outcrop in an ecologically fragile zone refers to the region where the coal seam is covered by a thin layer of loose sediment, but its bedrock roof is close to the surface (concealed outcrop) and its surrounding buffer zone, which is determined by geological and mining conditions and ecological sensitivity. This area includes hydraulically sensitive zones, high-risk areas of ecological degradation, and areas prone to engineering disasters.

[0078] The hydraulically sensitive zone is the area where water-conducting fractures generated during coal seam mining can directly connect the surface and the coal-bearing aquifer, and is the core channel for groundwater leakage.

[0079] The stability of surface vegetation and soil in high-risk areas of ecological degradation directly depends on shallow groundwater. Once the groundwater level drops due to mining, it will trigger irreversible ecological disasters such as vegetation withering, land desertification, and wetland shrinkage.

[0080] The overlying rock strata in areas prone to engineering disasters are extremely thin and fractured, making mining prone to sudden collapses, sand and water outbursts, and other major safety accidents.

[0081] Step 3.1: Determine the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face on the minefield exploration line map. Specifically, based on the mine's comprehensive mining engineering plan, determine the minefield exploration line closest to the concealed outcrop of each coal seam, and then determine the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face on the minefield exploration line map.

[0082] Step 3.1.1: Determine the exploration line of the mine field closest to the hidden outcrops of each coal seam based on the mine's integrated mining engineering plan.

[0083] In one specific implementation, based on the overall mining engineering plan of the mine and combined with the location of the existing minefield exploration lines, the tunneling direction of each coal seam working face is further considered to comprehensively determine the minefield exploration line closest to the hidden outcrops of each coal seam, and then draw the minefield exploration line profile map.

[0084] Step 3.1.2: By using the elevation data of the intersection of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face and the exploration line of the mine field in the mine comprehensive mining engineering plan, the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face in the mine field exploration line map can be determined.

[0085] Step 3.2: Determine the water-resistant coal and rock pillar to be left near the concealed outcrop of the coal seam in the ecologically fragile area under repeated disturbance during mining when the working face of each coal seam is mined for different lengths, based on the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the height of the two zones of the aeolian oxidation zone.

[0086] Step 3.2.1: Plot the development heights of the two zones obtained from the numerical simulation of repeated mining near the coal seam outcrop on the CAD drawing of the minefield exploration line.

[0087] Step 3.2.2: Based on existing standards and the combined information of the minefield exploration line map and the height inhibition coefficient of the two zones of wind oxidation, determine the type and thickness of the water-resistant coal-rock pillar to be left under repeated disturbances during mining near the concealed coal seam outcrop.

[0088] In one specific implementation method, existing standards such as the "Detailed Rules for Water Prevention and Control in Coal Mines" (2018) and the "Specifications for the Retention of Coal Pillars in Buildings, Water Bodies, Railways and Main Shafts and Coal Mining under Pressure" (2017) stipulate that the type of water-resistant coal-rock pillar to be retained under repeated mining disturbances near the concealed outcrop of the coal seam (waterproof safety coal (rock) pillar, sand-resistant safety coal (rock) pillar, and collapse-resistant safety coal (rock) pillar) and its retention thickness are determined by combining the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone, the inhibition coefficient of the height of the two zones in the aeolian oxidation zone, the development height of the two zones when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face, the results of indoor macro- and micro-experiments, and the contour maps of the thickness of the bedrock, gravel, and laterite water-resistant layer of each coal seam roof.

[0089] Step 4: Based on the water-proof coal and rock pillars left near the hidden coal seam outcrops in the ecologically fragile area due to repeated disturbance during coal mining, monitor the risk of water inrush in the regional roadways according to the roof damage characteristics of each working face during mining.

[0090] In one specific implementation, the high-risk area for water inrush can be determined by analyzing the development patterns of the "two zones" (water inrush zone and roof ridge) near the concealed coal seam outcrop, combined with a cross-sectional view. In the roadway within this area, inclined boreholes are drilled facing outwards from the working face, based on the characteristics of roof damage caused by mining along the working face's dip. Various types of sensors are then deployed at different depths within these boreholes to monitor the water inrush risk. The characteristics of roof damage caused by mining along the working face refer to the features exhibited along the development height of the "two zones" along the coal seam roof. Drilling towards the outwards from the working face allows for better placement of monitoring sensors, thus improving the monitoring of water inrush risk.

[0091] The method described in this embodiment has significant scientific research value and application value for reducing the rate of water inrush accidents, ensuring the safety of underground workers, and promoting the development of mining engineering mechanics and water hazard prevention technology.

[0092] The specific steps are as follows:

[0093] Step 4.1: In the roadways on both sides of the high risk of water inrush in the coal mining face, construct inclined boreholes facing outwards from the working face according to the characteristics of roof failure caused by mining. There should be no less than 2 boreholes on each side of the roadway. The spacing between the boreholes along the direction of the working face should be 4-8m. The length of the monitoring boreholes should exceed the roof failure depth by 6-10m, and the inclination angle between the boreholes and the horizontal plane should be 40°-60°.

[0094] Step 4.2: In each monitoring borehole, set 4-6 different monitoring depths, and at each depth, place one pore water pressure sensor, one stress sensor, one water temperature sensor, and one strain sensor. The greater the borehole depth, the smaller the spacing between the monitoring depths.

[0095] Step 4.3: Acquire data from different types of sensors, and then analyze the changing trends of monitoring index curves at different boreholes and locations. If the index curve changes significantly within a short period of time, it is considered to have a certain risk of water inrush. Based on this, the purpose of monitoring water inrush risk can be achieved.

[0096] Example 2:

[0097] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a monitoring system for coal seam water inrush hazard in ecologically fragile areas based on repeated perturbation, comprising:

[0098] The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam soil samples, and to comprehensively determine the engineering geological conditions based on the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam.

[0099] The numerical simulation module is configured to establish a numerical model based on the actual engineering geological conditions, and to use the numerical model to perform numerical simulation to obtain the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the height of the wind oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face.

[0100] The component design module is configured to determine the water-proof coal and rock pillars to be left near the hidden outcrops of the coal seam in the ecologically fragile area under repeated disturbances during mining, based on the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face on the mine field exploration line map and the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the height of the two zones of the wind oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face.

[0101] The hazard monitoring module is configured to monitor the risk of water inrush in regional roadways based on the characteristics of roof damage caused by repeated mining near the hidden coal seam outcrops in ecologically fragile areas.

[0102] Example 3:

[0103] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program adapted for loading by a processor and executing the steps in the method for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically fragile areas based on repeated perturbation as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0104] Example 4:

[0105] Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a computer device, the device comprising:

[0106] A processor, adapted to execute computer programs;

[0107] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps in the method for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically fragile areas based on repeated perturbation as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0108] The steps and methods involved in Examples 2, 3 and 4 above correspond to those in Example 1. For specific implementation details, please refer to the relevant description section of Example 1.

[0109] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A coal seam water inrush risk monitoring method based on repeated disturbance in an ecologically fragile area, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam soil samples, and comprehensively determine the engineering geological conditions based on the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam; Numerical models are established based on the actual engineering geological conditions, and numerical simulations are performed using these models to obtain the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the wind oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face. Specifically, numerical simulations are carried out on each working face coal seam. After mining the overlying coal seam, mining continues on the adjacent underlying coal seam until all coal seams of each working face are mined. The development height of the two zones when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face is statistically analyzed. Based on the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face on the minefield exploration line map, the water-resistant coal-rock pillar to be left near the concealed outcrop of the coal seam in the ecologically fragile area is determined by using the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the height of the two zones of the aeolian oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face. The steps to obtain the inhibition coefficient of the height of the two zones of the aeolian oxidation zone are as follows: Calculate the fracturing ratio and scraping ratio near the concealed outcrops of each coal seam; Numerical calculation of the two-zone height inhibition coefficient of the wind-oxidized zone based on the fracturing ratio and the slumping ratio: ， ， In the formula, c is the caving zone inhibition coefficient at the aeolian oxidation zone; d is the water-conducting fracture zone inhibition coefficient at the aeolian oxidation zone; a1 is the caving ratio of the first main coal seam below the aeolian oxidation zone and far away from the aeolian oxidation zone; b1 is the fracturing ratio of the first main coal seam below the aeolian oxidation zone and far away from the aeolian oxidation zone; a j The slump ratio of the j-th main coal seam below the aeolian oxidation zone and near the aeolian oxidation zone; b j The cracking ratio of the j-th main coal seam below the wind oxidation zone and near the wind oxidation zone; Based on the principle of leaving water-resistant coal-rock pillars near the concealed coal seam outcrops in ecologically fragile areas under repeated mining disturbances, the risk of water inrush is monitored in the regional roadways according to the roof damage characteristics of each working face. Specifically, based on the height development pattern of the two zones near the concealed coal seam outcrops and combined with the minefield exploration line profile, areas with high risk of water inrush are identified. In the roadways of these areas, inclined boreholes are drilled in the direction of the outer side of the working face according to the roof damage characteristics of the working face. Various types of sensors are arranged at different depths in these boreholes to monitor the risk of water inrush. The roof damage characteristics of the working face refer to the features presented along the development height of the two zones dipping towards the coal seam roof.

2. The coal water inrush danger monitoring method based on repeated disturbance in an ecologically fragile area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of coal seam soil samples are as follows: Based on the physical and mechanical parameter tests and analyses of the rock and soil samples and coal core samples taken from the drilling project, the coal sample analysis parameters are obtained, and the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone is determined according to the coal sample analysis parameters. Indoor macro- and micro-scale experiments were conducted to obtain characteristic parameters of coal seam soil samples.

3. The coal water inrush danger monitoring method based on repeated disturbance in an ecologically fragile area according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parameters for coal sample analysis include moisture, ash, volatile matter, oxygen, calorific value, and apparent density; the parameters for coal seam soil sample characteristics include soil type, degree of looseness of internal structure, and water-bearing capacity.

4. The coal water inrush danger monitoring method based on repeated disturbance in an ecologically fragile area according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the mine's comprehensive mining engineering plan, the exploration line closest to the hidden outcrops of each coal seam is determined, and then the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face is determined on the exploration line map.

5. The coal water inrush danger monitoring method based on repeated disturbance in an ecologically fragile area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for establishing a numerical model based on the actual engineering geological conditions and conducting numerical simulations using the numerical model are as follows: Numerical models were established using the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model based on engineering geological conditions and the actual working faces of each coal seam. Assign corresponding physical and mechanical parameters to each rock stratum and coal seam in the numerical model, and set boundary conditions; Numerical simulations were conducted on the coal seams of each working face until all mining was completed, and the development height of the two zones was statistically analyzed when the working face of each coal seam was mined for different lengths.

6. The method for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically fragile areas based on repeated perturbation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face on the minefield exploration line map, the specific steps for determining the water-resistant coal-rock pillar retention under repeated mining disturbances near the concealed outcrop of the ecologically fragile coal seam are as follows, utilizing the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the height of the two zones of the aeolian oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face: The development heights of the two zones obtained from numerical simulation under repeated mining near the coal seam outcrop are plotted on the minefield exploration line map. The type and thickness of the water-resistant coal-rock pillar to be left under repeated disturbances during mining near the concealed coal seam outcrop are determined by combining existing standards with the exploration line map of the coalfield and the height inhibition coefficient of the two zones of wind oxidation.

7. The coal seam water inrush danger monitoring system based on repeated disturbance in an ecologically fragile area, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam soil samples, and to comprehensively determine the engineering geological conditions based on the vertical depth of the aeolian oxidation zone and the characteristic parameters of the coal seam. The numerical simulation module is configured to establish a numerical model based on the actual engineering geological conditions and use the numerical model to perform numerical simulations to obtain the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the wind oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face. Specifically, numerical simulations are carried out on each working face coal seam. After mining the overlying coal seam, the adjacent underlying coal seam is continued to be mined until all coal seams of each working face are mined. The development height of the two zones when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face is statistically analyzed. The component design module is configured to determine the water-resistant coal-rock pillar to be left near the concealed outcrop of the coal seam in the ecologically fragile area under repeated mining disturbances, based on the location of the ventilation roadway of each coal seam working face on the minefield exploration line map, using the development height of the two zones and the inhibition coefficient of the height of the two zones of the aeolian oxidation zone when mining different lengths of each coal seam working face. The steps for obtaining the inhibition coefficient of the height of the two zones of the aeolian oxidation zone are as follows: Calculate the fracturing ratio and scraping ratio near the concealed outcrops of each coal seam; Numerical calculation of the two-zone height inhibition coefficient of the wind-oxidized zone based on the fracturing ratio and the slumping ratio: ， ， In the formula, c is the caving zone inhibition coefficient at the aeolian oxidation zone; d is the water-conducting fracture zone inhibition coefficient at the aeolian oxidation zone; a1 is the caving ratio of the first main coal seam below the aeolian oxidation zone and far away from the aeolian oxidation zone; b1 is the fracturing ratio of the first main coal seam below the aeolian oxidation zone and far away from the aeolian oxidation zone; a j The slump ratio of the j-th main coal seam below the aeolian oxidation zone and near the aeolian oxidation zone; b j The cracking ratio of the j-th main coal seam below the wind oxidation zone and near the wind oxidation zone; The hazard monitoring module is configured to prevent water inrush by leaving water-resistant coal-rock pillars near the concealed coal seam outcrops in ecologically fragile areas under repeated mining disturbances. It monitors the water inrush risk in the regional roadways based on the roof damage characteristics of each working face during mining. Specifically, it determines areas with high water inrush risk by combining the height development patterns of the two zones near the concealed coal seam outcrops with the minefield exploration line profile. In the roadways of these areas, inclined boreholes are drilled facing outwards from the working face based on the roof damage characteristics of the working face during mining. Various types of sensors are then deployed at different depths within these boreholes to monitor the water inrush risk. The roof damage characteristics of the working face during mining refer to the features exhibited along the development height of the two zones dipping towards the coal seam roof.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program adapted to be loaded by a processor and executed as described in any one of claims 1-6: a method for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically vulnerable areas based on repeated perturbations.

9. A computer device, comprising: include: A processor, adapted to execute computer programs; A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, implements the method for monitoring the risk of coal seam water inrush in ecologically fragile areas based on repeated perturbation as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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