Composition for preventing and treating alfalfa brown spot as well as preparation, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a composition for preventing and treating alfalfa brown spot as well as a preparation, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biopesticides. The composition for preventing and treating the alfalfa brown spot disease is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 14 to 22 parts of eugenol, 6 to 10 parts of berberine and 25 to 40 parts of gallnut extract. The invention further provides wettable powder for preventing and treating the alfalfa brown spot disease. The wettable powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-80% of the composition, 3-5% of a wetting agent, 6-9% of a dispersing agent and the balance of filler. Field control effect test results show that the composition has a synergistic effect on the control effect of the alfalfa brown spot, and compared with a single effective component, the composition can improve the control effect on the alfalfa brown spot. In addition, the active ingredients are all plant ingredients, green and pollution-free, and can be popularized and applied in a large range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biopesticide technology, and in particular to a composition for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, its formulation, preparation method, and application. Background Technology

[0002] alfalfa Medicago sativa (L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus *Alfalfa* in the family Leguminosae. The stems are erect, tufted, or creeping, quadrangular, and much-branched; the stipules are large, ovate-lanceolate, and the leaflets are obovate-oblong; the flowers are in clustered racemes; the pedicels are bell-shaped, and the corolla is purple; the fruit is spiral-shaped, turning brownish-yellow when ripe; the seeds are small and smooth, yellow or brown.

[0003] Alfalfa, often called the "King of Forage," is an important forage crop. It is used as animal feed, medicine, and food for invertebrates, and has environmental and social uses. It can also be used as fuel and food. Cultivated alfalfa is primarily used as animal feed, either as high-quality fodder or directly for grazing; it is typically dehydrated and pelleted, then used as a nitrogen supplement for dairy cows and non-ruminant animals.

[0004] Brown spot disease is one of the most common and serious diseases in alfalfa production, occurring in all alfalfa-growing areas. In the early stages of infection, small, round brown spots appear on the upper surface of the leaves. In severely affected plants, the lower leaves turn yellow and wither first, falling off in large numbers. The disease then spreads upwards, covering the middle and upper leaves with lesions, eventually causing the entire plant to age and turn yellow. Brown spot disease drastically reduces, or even eliminates, the photosynthetic capacity of affected leaves, leading to significant leaf drop and reduced accumulation of chlorophyll. Statistics show that severe outbreaks of brown spot disease can cause alfalfa hay yield losses of up to 30%-50%. Simultaneously, alfalfa varieties are severely damaged, with decreased crude protein content, reduced digestibility, and poor palatability.

[0005] Currently, the alfalfa planting industry primarily relies on chemical fungicides for disease control, such as Bordeaux mixture, wettable zineb, and thiophanate-methyl. However, long-term use of chemical fungicides can easily lead to resistance and reduce their effectiveness. Furthermore, improper use of chemical fungicides can cause phytotoxicity to coltsfoot, lowering the quality of this economic crop. Additionally, spraying chemical fungicides can irritate the skin, nose, and throat, causing discomfort. Therefore, there is a need to develop a biological agent that effectively inhibits brown spot disease while being non-toxic to soil, plants, and the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a composition for preventing and controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, its formulation, preparation method and application, to solve the above problems.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The present invention provides a composition for preventing and controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 14-22 parts of eugenol, 6-10 parts of berberine, and 25-40 parts of gallnut extract.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the gallnut extract is as follows: (1) Grind and sieve the gallnut, soak it in water, then decoct it for 60-90 minutes, and filter to obtain extract 1; the mass ratio of gallnut to water is 1g: 8-12mL. (2) Take the dregs from step (1), add water and decoct for 30-50 minutes, filter to obtain extract 2; add water in the same way as in step (1); (3) Combine extract 1 and extract 2, concentrate them into an extract, and then vacuum dry the extract to obtain a dry extract. Crush the dry extract to obtain the final product.

[0009] Preferably, the concentration is achieved by rotary evaporation, with a temperature of 60-70°C and a rotation speed of 80-100 rpm, until the density reaches 1.1-1.2 g / cm³. 3 Extract of .

[0010] Preferably, the vacuum drying temperature is 50~60℃, the vacuum degree is 80~95 kPa, the vacuum drying time is 4~6 h, and the resulting dry paste is pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0011] The present invention also provides the use of the described composition in the preparation of formulations for the prevention and control of alfalfa brown spot disease.

[0012] The present invention also provides an agent for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, comprising the composition described above, wherein the composition accounts for 20-80% of the total mass of the agent, and the remainder is pesticide-acceptable excipients.

[0013] Preferably, the dosage form of the preparation is a water-dispersible granule, a wettable powder, an aqueous suspension, an oil suspension, or a suspension emulsion.

[0014] The present invention also provides a wettable powder for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, comprising the following components in weight percentage: 20-80% of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 3-5% of a wetting agent, 6-9% of a dispersant, and the balance being filler.

[0015] Preferably, the wetting agent comprises one or more of dodecyl sulfate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, succinate sulfonate, lauryl sulfate, or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

[0016] Preferably, the dispersant is one or more of polycarboxylate, lignin sulfonate, or naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate.

[0017] Preferably, the filler is one or more of bentonite, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, silica, clay, light calcium carbonate, or talc.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The composition for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease of the present invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: eugenol 14-22 parts, berberine 6-10 parts, and gallnut extract 25-40 parts. The present invention also provides a wettable powder for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, comprising the following components in weight percentage: the aforementioned composition 20-80%, wetting agent 3-5%, dispersant 6-9%, and the balance being filler. Field control efficacy tests show that the composition of the present invention has a synergistic effect on the control efficacy of alfalfa brown spot disease, and can improve the control efficacy against alfalfa brown spot disease compared with a single active ingredient. Furthermore, the active ingredients of the present invention are all plant-based, green and pollution-free, and can be widely promoted and applied. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention provides a composition for preventing and controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 14-22 parts of eugenol, 6-10 parts of berberine, and 25-40 parts of gallnut extract.

[0020] In the composition of the present invention, the mass fraction of eugenol is 14 to 22 parts, preferably 16 to 18 parts, and more preferably 17 parts. The mass fraction of berberine is 6 to 10 parts, preferably 7 to 9 parts, and more preferably 89 parts; The mass fraction of the gallnut extract is 25 to 40 parts, preferably 28 to 36 parts, and more preferably 32 parts.

[0021] The method for preparing the gallnut extract in the composition of the present invention is as follows: (1) Grind and sieve the gallnut, soak it in water, then decoct it for 60-90 minutes, and filter to obtain extract 1; the mass ratio of gallnut to water is 1g: 8-12mL. (2) Take the dregs from step (1), add water and decoct for 60-90 minutes, filter to obtain extract 2; add water in the same way as in step (1); (3) Combine extract 1 and extract 2, concentrate them into an extract, and then vacuum dry the extract to obtain a dry extract. Crush the dry extract to obtain the final product.

[0022] In this invention, gallnut is crushed, passed through a 100-mesh sieve, soaked in water, then decocted, and filtered to obtain extract 1; the mass ratio of gallnut to water is 1g:8~12mL, preferably 1g:9~11mL, more preferably 1g:10mL, and the decoction time is 60~90 min, preferably 70~80 min, more preferably 75 min; Then, the dregs after decoction are taken, and the same volume of water is added and decocted again. The decoction is filtered to obtain extract 2. The decoction time is 30-50 minutes, preferably 35-45 minutes, and more preferably 40 minutes. Extracts 1 and 2 are combined and concentrated into a paste. The paste is then vacuum dried to obtain a dry paste, which is then pulverized. The concentration is performed by rotary evaporation. The rotary evaporation temperature is 60-70℃, preferably 62-68℃, and more preferably 65℃. The evaporation speed is 80-100 rpm, preferably 85-95 rpm, and more preferably 90 rpm. The density of the extract is 1.1-1.2 g / cm³. 3 The preferred value is 1.12~1.18 g / cm³. 3 More preferably 1.15 g / cm³ 3 The vacuum drying temperature is 50~60℃, preferably 52~58℃, more preferably 55℃, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying is 80~95 kPa, preferably 84~90 kPa, more preferably 87 kPa; The vacuum drying time is 4-6 hours, and the resulting dry paste is pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0023] The present invention also provides the use of the described composition in the preparation of formulations for the prevention and control of alfalfa brown spot disease.

[0024] The present invention also provides a formulation for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, comprising the aforementioned composition, wherein the composition accounts for 20-80% of the total mass of the formulation, preferably 40-60%, more preferably 50%; the remainder being pesticide-acceptable excipients. The formulation is in the form of water-dispersible granules, wettable powder, aqueous suspension, oil suspension, or emulsion.

[0025] The present invention also provides a wettable powder for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, comprising the following components in weight percentage: 20-80% of the composition, 3-5% of the wetting agent, 6-9% of the dispersant, and the balance being filler.

[0026] The composition preferably comprises 20-60% by mass, more preferably 40%; the wetting agent preferably comprises 3.5-4.5% by mass, more preferably 4%; the dispersant preferably comprises 7-8% by mass, more preferably 7.5%; the wetting agent comprises one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, succinate sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; the dispersant comprises one or more of polycarboxylate, lignin sulfonate, or naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate; the filler comprises one or more of bentonite, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, silica, clay, light calcium carbonate, or talc.

[0027] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Eugenol used in this embodiment of the invention was purchased from Beijing Bio-Laibo Technology Co., Ltd., and berberine was purchased from Xi'an Jinheng Chemical Co., Ltd. Unless otherwise specified, other reagents can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0029] Example 1 A composition for preventing and controlling alfalfa brown spot disease comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14 kg of eugenol, 6 kg of berberine, and 25 kg of gallnut extract.

[0030] The preparation method of gallnut extract is as follows: (1) Grind the gallnuts through a 100-mesh sieve, soak them in water, then decoct for 60 minutes and filter to obtain extract 1; the mass ratio of gallnuts to water is 1g:8mL. (2) Take the dregs from step (1), add water and decoct for 30 minutes, filter to obtain extract 2; add water in the same amount as in step (1); (3) Combine extract 1 and extract 2, and concentrate by rotary evaporation to a density of 1.1 g / cm³. 3 The extract was concentrated by rotary evaporation at a temperature of 60°C and a rotation speed of 80 rpm. Then, the extract was vacuum dried to obtain a dry paste at a temperature of 50°C, a vacuum degree of 80 kPa, and a drying time of 6 h. The dry paste was then pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0031] A wettable powder for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease comprises the following components in weight percentage: 20% of the above composition, 3% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 6% sodium ligninsulfonate, and the balance being kaolin.

[0032] Example 2 A composition for preventing and controlling alfalfa brown spot disease comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 kg of eugenol, 8 kg of berberine, and 32 kg of gallnut extract.

[0033] The preparation method of gallnut extract is as follows: (1) Grind the gallnuts through a 100-mesh sieve, soak them in water, then decoct for 70 minutes and filter to obtain extract 1; the mass ratio of gallnuts to water is 1g:10mL. (2) Take the dregs from step (1), add water and decoct for 40 minutes, filter to obtain extract 2; add water in the same amount as in step (1); (3) Combine extract 1 and extract 2, and concentrate by rotary evaporation to a density of 1.1 g / cm³. 3The extract was concentrated by rotary evaporation at a temperature of 65°C and a rotation speed of 90 rpm. Then, the extract was vacuum dried to obtain a dry paste at a temperature of 55°C, a vacuum degree of 90 kPa, and a drying time of 5 h. The dry paste was then pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0034] A wettable powder for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease comprises the following components in weight percentage: 40% of the above composition, 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 8% NOO (naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate), and the balance being talc.

[0035] Example 3 A composition for preventing and controlling alfalfa brown spot disease comprises the following components in parts by weight: 22 kg of eugenol, 10 kg of berberine, and 40 kg of gallnut extract.

[0036] The preparation method of gallnut extract is as follows: (1) Grind the gallnuts through a 100-mesh sieve, soak them in water, then decoct for 60-90 minutes, and filter to obtain extract 1; the mass ratio of gallnuts to water is 1g: 8-12mL. (2) Take the dregs from step (1), add water and decoct for 30-50 minutes, filter to obtain extract 2; add water in the same way as in step (1); (3) Combine extract 1 and extract 2, and concentrate by rotary evaporation to a density of 1.1~1.2 g / cm³. 3 The extract is concentrated by rotary evaporation at a temperature of 60-70℃ and a rotation speed of 80-100 rpm. Then, the extract is vacuum dried to obtain a dry paste at a temperature of 50-60℃, a vacuum degree of 80-95 kPa, and a drying time of 4-6 h. The dry paste is then pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0037] A wettable powder for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease comprises the following components in weight percentage: 80% of the above composition, 5% sodium lauryl sulfate, 9% dispersant 5040 (polycarboxylate), and the balance being bentonite.

[0038] Comparative Example 1 Unlike Example 1, the only active substance for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease is eugenol.

[0039] Comparative Example 2 Unlike Example 1, the only active substance for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease is berberine.

[0040] Comparative Example 3 Unlike Example 1, the only active substance for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease is gallnut extract.

[0041] Comparative Example 4 Unlike Example 1, Magnolia officinalis extract was used instead of Galla chinensis extract, and the preparation method of Magnolia officinalis extract was the same as that of Galla chinensis extract.

[0042] Experimental Example The experiment was conducted in May 2024 at a high-yield, high-quality alfalfa base in Eyagou Village, Wenfeng Town, Longxi County, Gansu Province. The experimental site was a naturally occurring area for brown spot disease. The experiment consisted of eight treatment zones, each with an area of ​​667 m². 2 The wettable powders prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were sprayed respectively, while the control group was sprayed with an equal amount of water. A block design was used, with four replicates, for a total of 15 blocks.

[0043] Application time, frequency, and method: The first spray should be applied at the initial stage of alfalfa disease. Dilute the wettable powder 1000 times and spray evenly and thoroughly, using 30 mL / 667 m³ of solution. 2 Spray once every 7 days, for a total of 3 applications.

[0044] Disease investigation method: Random sampling was conducted for each investigation, with 100 leaves taken from each treatment group to investigate the disease status of the leaves and calculate the disease rate, disease index and control efficacy.

[0045] Brown spot disease leaf grading standards: Grade 0: Leaves show no disease spots; Grade 1: Leaves have 1-2 lesions; Grade 3: Leaves have 3-5 lesions; Grade 5: Leaves have 6-8 lesions; Level 7: More than 8 lesions, covering less than 1 / 2 of the page; Level 9: The lesions are connected and cover more than half of the page.

[0046] Formula for calculating drug efficacy: Disease severity index = [∑(number of cases at each level × disease severity level) / total number of cases surveyed × highest severity level] × 100 Relative efficacy (%) = (disease index of control area - disease index of treatment area) / disease index of control area × 100.

[0047] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1 Disease index and prevention efficacy of each treatment group

[0049] Table 1 shows that the wettable powder of the present invention has a good control effect on alfalfa brown spot disease. Comparative Examples 1-3 show that the control effect of the wettable powder of the present invention on alfalfa brown spot disease is superior to the sum of the individual effects of eugenol, berberine, and gallnut extract, indicating that the three have a synergistic effect. Comparative Example 4 shows that replacing gallnut extract with magnolia bark extract reduces the control effect.

[0050] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a composition, preparation method and application for preventing and controlling alfalfa brown spot disease. The wettable powder prepared by the present invention has a good control effect on alfalfa brown spot disease.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: eugenol 14-22 parts, berberine 6-10 parts, and gallnut extract 25-40 parts.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the gallnut extract is as follows: (1) Grind the gallnuts into powder, sieve them, soak them in water, then decoct them for 60-90 minutes, and filter to obtain extract 1; the mass ratio of gallnuts to water is 1g: 8-12mL. (2) Take the dregs from step (1), add water and decoct for 30-60 minutes, filter to obtain extract 2; add water in the same way as in step (1); (3) Combine extract 1 and extract 2, concentrate them into an extract, and then vacuum dry the extract to obtain a dry extract. Crush the dry extract to obtain the final product.

3. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that, The concentration is performed by rotary evaporation, with a temperature of 60-70°C and a rotation speed of 80-100 rpm. Concentrate to a density of 1.1~1.2 g / cm³ 3 Extract of .

4. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vacuum drying temperature is 50~60℃, the vacuum degree is 80~95 kPa, the vacuum drying time is 4~6 h, and the resulting dry paste is pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.

5. The use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the preparation of an agent for the prevention and control of alfalfa brown spot disease.

6. A preparation for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, characterized in that, The formulation includes the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition accounts for 20 to 80% of the total mass of the formulation, and the remainder is pesticide-acceptable excipients; the formulation is in the form of water-dispersible granules, wettable powders, aqueous suspensions, oil suspensions, or emulsions.

7. A wettable powder for controlling alfalfa brown spot disease, characterized in that, The composition comprises the following components in weight percentage: 20-80% of the composition according to any one of claims 1-4, 3-5% of wetting agent, 6-9% of dispersant, and the balance being filler.

8. The wettable powder according to claim 7, characterized in that, The wetting agent includes one or more of dodecyl sulfate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, succinate sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, or dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

9. The wettable powder according to claim 7, characterized in that, The dispersant is one or more of polycarboxylate, lignin sulfonate, or naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate.

10. The wettable powder according to claim 7, characterized in that, The filler is one or more of bentonite, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, silica, clay, light calcium carbonate, or talc.

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