Prefabricated building construction quality traceability management method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a prefabricated building construction quality tracing management method and system, which firstly constructs an accuracy control database containing a BIM global unique identifier, an RFID unique identifier, a virtual control point design coordinate set and a tolerance specification based on a BIM model, a list of components to be produced and an RFID tag pool, lays a data foundation for subsequent accurate measurement and tracing, then triggers RTS to track the components in a targeted manner through an RFID scanning event, acquires an accurate three-dimensional pose coordinate flow of the components in real time, compares the three-dimensional pose coordinate flow with the design coordinates, performs real-time pose solving and deviation calculation, finally, based on the real-time deviation flow and the tolerance specification, the system feeds back the deviation result to the on-site installation personnel in a visual manner (such as arrows and numerical values) in real time and intuitively, provides real-time installation guidance, so that the workers can make fine adjustment according to the guidance interface update instruction until the deviation enters the allowable range, so as to realize closed-loop control and accurate tracing of the prefabricated building construction quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of intelligent management, and more specifically, to a method and system for traceability management of construction quality in prefabricated buildings. Background Technology

[0002] Prefabricated construction, as an important development direction of modern construction technology, has demonstrated significant advantages in improving project quality, shortening construction cycles, reducing resource consumption, and minimizing environmental pollution due to its standardized design, factory production, and on-site assembly construction mode. However, the manufacturing precision and on-site installation precision of prefabricated components directly affect the quality and safety of the entire construction project. Any slight deviation may lead to poor connections between components, uneven structural stress, or even safety hazards. Therefore, establishing an efficient and precise method for tracing and managing the construction quality of prefabricated buildings is of paramount importance for ensuring project quality and improving the level of industrialization in construction.

[0003] Currently, in the field of prefabricated building construction quality traceability management, although there have been some attempts to combine BIM and RFID technologies, these existing solutions generally suffer from numerous technical problems and limitations. Firstly, traditional BIM+RFID traceability systems can only confirm the identity of components, their approximate installation area, and scanning time; they cannot collect precise, complete pose information containing six degrees of freedom, making it difficult to provide real-time and accurate feedback on the deviation between the actual installation status of components and the BIM design coordinates. Furthermore, existing systems generally lack real-time feedback mechanisms. Even if installation deviations can be measured, there is a lack of an interactive interface that can provide real-time and intuitive feedback to on-site installers. This prevents workers from making adjustments based on the deviation data, resulting in the installation process remaining in an open-loop control mode of "install first, inspect later." Once an error is discovered, the cost of correction is extremely high, potentially requiring re-hoisting or even component rework, severely impacting construction efficiency and economic benefits.

[0004] Therefore, we look forward to an optimized method for traceability management of construction quality in prefabricated buildings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application is proposed. Embodiments of this application provide a method and system for traceability management of prefabricated building construction quality. First, based on a BIM model, a list of components to be produced, and an RFID tag pool, a precision control database is constructed, containing globally unique BIM identifiers, unique RFID identifiers, a set of virtual control point design coordinates, and tolerance specifications. This lays the data foundation for subsequent precise measurement and traceability. Then, RFID scanning events trigger RTS to perform directional tracking of components, acquiring the precise three-dimensional pose coordinate flow of the components in real time. This flow is compared with the design coordinates, and real-time pose calculation and deviation calculation are performed. Finally, based on the real-time deviation flow and tolerance specifications, the system provides real-time and intuitive feedback of the deviation results to on-site installation personnel in a visual manner (such as arrows and numerical values), providing real-time installation guidance. This allows workers to make fine adjustments according to the updated instructions on the guidance interface until the deviation falls within the allowable range, thereby achieving closed-loop control and precise traceability of prefabricated building construction quality.

[0006] According to one aspect of this application, a method for traceability management of construction quality in prefabricated buildings is provided, comprising:

[0007] Based on the BIM model, the list of components to be produced, and the RFID tag pool, a precision control database is constructed. Each record in the precision control database includes a globally unique BIM identifier, a unique RFID identifier, a set of virtual control point design coordinates, and tolerance specifications.

[0008] Based on RFID scanning events and the project coordinate system already calibrated in RTS, on-site installation tasks are loaded and RTS targets are locked to obtain the real-time coordinate stream of the RTS prism.

[0009] Based on the coordinate set designed by the prism offset vector and virtual control points, the real-time pose calculation and deviation calculation of the real-time coordinate flow of the RTS prism are performed to obtain the real-time deviation flow.

[0010] Deviation visualization and real-time installation guidance are performed based on real-time deviation flow and tolerance specifications to obtain guidance interface update instructions.

[0011] According to another aspect of this application, a construction quality traceability management system for prefabricated buildings is provided, comprising:

[0012] The precision control database construction module is used to construct a precision control database based on the BIM model, the list of components to be produced, and the RFID tag pool. Each record in the precision control database includes a BIM globally unique identifier, an RFID unique identifier, a set of virtual control point design coordinates, and tolerance specifications.

[0013] The RTS target locking module is used to load on-site installation tasks and lock RTS targets based on RFID scanning events and the project coordinate system already calibrated in RTS to obtain the real-time coordinate stream of the RTS prism.

[0014] The real-time deviation calculation module is used to design a coordinate set based on the prism offset vector and virtual control points, and to perform real-time pose calculation and deviation calculation on the real-time coordinate flow of the RTS prism to obtain the real-time deviation flow.

[0015] The Deviation Visualization and Real-time Installation Guidance Module is used to visualize deviations and provide real-time installation guidance based on real-time deviation flow and tolerance specifications to obtain guidance interface update instructions.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this application provides a method and system for traceability management of prefabricated building construction quality. First, based on a BIM model, a list of components to be produced, and an RFID tag pool, a precision control database is constructed, including globally unique BIM identifiers, unique RFID identifiers, a set of virtual control point design coordinates, and tolerance specifications. This lays the data foundation for subsequent precise measurement and traceability. Then, RFID scanning events trigger the Real-Time Tracking System (RTS) to track components in a directional manner, acquiring the precise three-dimensional pose coordinate flow of the components in real time. This flow is compared with the design coordinates for real-time pose calculation and deviation calculation. Finally, based on the real-time deviation flow and tolerance specifications, the system provides real-time and intuitive feedback of the deviation results to on-site installation personnel in a visual manner (such as arrows and numerical values), providing real-time installation guidance. This allows workers to make fine adjustments according to the updated instructions on the guidance interface until the deviation falls within the allowable range, thereby achieving closed-loop control and precise traceability of prefabricated building construction quality. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of the embodiments of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain this application and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components or steps.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a prefabricated building construction quality traceability management method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a data flow diagram of the prefabricated building construction quality traceability management method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of a prefabricated building construction quality traceability management system according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments according to this application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments of this application. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0022] As indicated in this application and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" are not specifically singular and may include plural forms. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of explicitly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0023] While this application makes various references to certain modules of the systems according to embodiments of this application, any number of different modules can be used and run on user terminals and / or servers. The modules described are merely illustrative, and different aspects of the systems and methods may use different modules.

[0024] Flowcharts are used in this application to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in exact order. Instead, various steps can be processed in reverse order or simultaneously as needed. Furthermore, other operations can be added to these processes, or one or more steps can be removed from them.

[0025] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments according to this application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments of this application. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0026] The technical solution of this application proposes a method for traceability management of construction quality of prefabricated buildings. Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a prefabricated building construction quality traceability management method according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a system architecture diagram of the prefabricated building construction quality traceability management method according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the prefabricated building construction quality traceability management method according to an embodiment of this application includes the following steps: S1, constructing a precision control database based on a BIM model, a list of components to be produced, and an RFID tag pool, wherein each record in the precision control database includes a BIM globally unique identifier, an RFID unique identifier, a virtual control point design coordinate set, and tolerance specifications; S2, loading on-site installation tasks and locking the RTS target based on RFID scanning events and the project coordinate system already calibrated in the RTS to obtain the RTS prism real-time coordinate flow; S3, performing real-time pose calculation and deviation calculation on the RTS prism real-time coordinate flow based on the prism offset vector and the virtual control point design coordinate set to obtain the real-time deviation flow; S4, performing deviation visualization and real-time installation guidance based on the real-time deviation flow and tolerance specifications to obtain the guidance interface update instruction.

[0027] Specifically, S1, based on the BIM model, the list of components to be produced, and the RFID tag pool, constructs a precision control database. Each record in this database includes a globally unique BIM identifier, a unique RFID identifier, a set of virtual control point design coordinates, and tolerance specifications. In traditional prefabricated building construction, there are problems such as a break in the data flow between design information and the construction site, a lack of quantitative standards for precision control, and difficulties in component traceability. By pre-integrating the detailed design geometry information from the BIM model, the unique identifiers of components, and the tolerance specifications required for construction into a unified database, data continuity and consistency management throughout the entire process from design to construction can be achieved. This allows on-site installation personnel to operate based on accurate design data and quickly retrieve all precision control information related to components using unique RFID identifiers, thereby ensuring the accuracy of component installation and providing an authoritative design benchmark for subsequent quality traceability and deviation calculation. This mechanism fundamentally improves the controllability and traceability of construction quality, avoiding installation errors and rework caused by information asymmetry or inconsistent standards.

[0028] The BIM model, or Building Information Modeling, is a digital 3D model containing all information about a building project. It includes not only geometric information but also non-geometric information such as component attributes, materials, costs, and schedules. The list of components to be manufactured refers to a list of all components that need to be prefabricated in a factory or processed on-site, based on the design scheme and construction plan. This list provides the scope and quantity of components for the construction of the precision control database. The RFID tag pool, or Radio Frequency Identification, is a wireless communication technology. It refers to a pre-prepared set of RFID tags with unique codes. These tags will be affixed to the physical components to be manufactured, serving as the component's unique digital identity in the physical world for rapid identification and information association on the construction site. The precision control database is a database specifically designed to store information related to the precision control of prefabricated components. Its core function is to act as a data bridge between design and construction, ensuring that the precision requirements and design benchmarks for each component can be systematically managed and accessed. Each record in the database corresponds to a specific component. The BIM globally unique identifier refers to a unique identifier assigned to each component or element in the BIM model throughout the entire project. It ensures precise positioning and information association of components in the digital model; RFID unique identification refers to the globally unique identification code contained in the RFID tag attached to the physical component. It enables physical components to be wirelessly identified and bound to digital information in the database; the virtual control point design coordinate set refers to the set of three-dimensional coordinates of key geometric points of the component in the design state extracted from the BIM model. These points are the benchmark points for measuring the installation accuracy and posture of the component, providing a reference for on-site measurement and deviation calculation.

[0029] In practice, the first step is to obtain the selection instructions and tolerance values ​​input by the designer. That is, the design engineer will define the specific requirements for the installation accuracy of the components during the design phase, based on the functional requirements, material properties, and structural importance of the components. These requirements are input in numerical form, such as the allowable deviation range for a critical connection point.

[0030] Next, the tolerance values ​​input by the designer are assigned to the tolerance specification. The tolerance specification is a key field in the database that links the precision requirements specified by the designer to specific components or component interfaces, becoming an objective standard for measuring the quality of installation. These tolerance values ​​can be linear dimensional tolerances, angular tolerances, or even more complex geometric tolerances.

[0031] Subsequently, based on the designer's selected instructions, the geometric information of virtual control points (VCPs) on the BIM model is extracted to obtain a set of virtual control point design coordinates. In the BIM model, designers select or define a series of key virtual control points (VCPs) according to the geometric characteristics of the components and installation requirements. These VCPs represent the precise design location of the components in space, such as corner points, interface center points, or installation reference points. The system automatically extracts the global coordinate information of these VCPs from the BIM model to form a precise set of virtual control point design coordinates. This coordinate set serves as the benchmark for subsequent on-site measurements and deviation calculations.

[0032] Subsequently, the virtual control point design coordinate set, tolerance specifications, BIM globally unique identifiers, and RFID unique identifiers are instantiated to obtain database records. That is, the virtual control point design coordinate set, tolerance specifications, BIM globally unique identifiers, and RFID unique identifiers are integrated into each record in the database. Each component to be produced will be assigned a unique BIM globally unique identifier for unique identification in the BIM model and associated with a unique RFID unique identifier for identification and traceability in the physical world. These identifiers, along with the component's virtual control point design coordinate set and corresponding tolerance specifications, together constitute a complete record in the precision control database. This instantiation process ensures that each component possesses traceable precision control attributes during the design phase, providing a unified data source for subsequent construction, quality inspection, and traceability.

[0033] Specifically, S2 involves loading the on-site installation task and locking the RTS target based on RFID scanning events and the project coordinate system already calibrated in the RTS to obtain the real-time coordinate stream of the RTS prism. That is, the physical components to be installed on the construction site are accurately and in real-time associated with digital design information (including BIM globally unique identifiers, virtual control point design coordinate sets, and tolerance specifications) pre-stored in the precision control database, while simultaneously activating the high-precision measurement equipment (RTS) to continuously track the components. This solves the problems of information transmission lag, large errors in manual measurement, and the inability to obtain the component installation posture in real time in traditional construction. Specifically, RFID scanning can quickly identify the component and retrieve its unique design data, avoiding manual searching and data input errors; at the same time, RTS target locking ensures that the real-time position and posture of the component can be accurately captured in the calibrated project coordinate system, providing a reliable and continuous measurement data source for subsequent real-time pose calculation, deviation calculation, and installation guidance. This mechanism greatly improves construction efficiency and accuracy.

[0034] In practice, firstly, the unique RFID identifier from the RFID scanning event is used as a query parameter in the precision control database to obtain the precision data payload. This precision data payload includes a BIM globally unique identifier, an RFID unique identifier, a set of virtual control point design coordinates, and tolerance specifications. During this process, when construction workers scan an RFID tag on a component to be installed using an RFID reader on-site, the reader captures the unique RFID identifier stored in the tag. This unique identifier is then sent to the system as a key parameter for data retrieval in the precision control database. Based on this parameter, the database quickly locates and extracts all precision control information associated with that specific component. This includes its unique identifier in the BIM model (BIM globally unique identifier), its own RFID unique identifier, the precise three-dimensional coordinate set of all key virtual control points during the design phase (virtual control point design coordinate set), and the allowable deviation range for the component's installation (tolerance specifications).

[0035] Next, based on the accuracy data payload, an active installation session and an initialized user interface are generated. This initialized user interface is used to receive operator lock commands. That is, once the accuracy data payload is successfully acquired, the system immediately creates an active installation session for the component's installation task. This session represents the currently ongoing installation work for that specific component and contains all relevant real-time data, status information, and operation logs. Simultaneously, a user interface specifically designed for the field operator is initialized and displayed on a portable device (such as a tablet or professional controller). This interface clearly displays key information extracted from the accuracy data payload, such as the component type, design ID, virtual control point location diagram, and current installation status prompts. The main function of this interface is to wait for and receive lock commands from the operator, which is a clear signal to initiate RTS for measurement tracking.

[0036] Subsequently, in response to the operator's lock command, an automatic target identification and tracking command is sent to the RTS prism. Once the on-site operator confirms all preparations are complete through the initialized user interface and issues the lock command, the system immediately translates this command into a control command for the Robotic Total Station (RTS). This command explicitly instructs the RTS to perform the task of automatically identifying and tracking the target. Upon receiving this command, the RTS utilizes its built-in vision or laser scanning system to autonomously search for and identify the measuring prism attached to the component to be installed within the preset work area. Once the prism is identified, the RTS locks it as the target and activates its high-precision servo system to ensure the measuring telescope remains aligned with the prism, preparing for subsequent continuous coordinate acquisition.

[0037] Subsequently, in response to the command to automatically identify and track the target, the real-time coordinate stream of the RTS prism is acquired. That is, after the RTS successfully locks onto the prism and begins tracking, it continuously and frequently performs angle and distance measurements, and calculates the precise coordinates of the prism in three-dimensional space in real time based on the project coordinate system already calibrated in the RTS. This coordinate data is continuously transmitted back to the control system in the form of a real-time coordinate stream. This real-time coordinate stream contains the X, Y, and Z coordinate values ​​of the prism at various points in time, accurately reflecting the current actual position and attitude of the component on the construction site. It serves as the foundational data for all subsequent deviation calculations, pose determination, and real-time installation guidance, ensuring the digital and precise control of the entire construction process.

[0038] Specifically, S3, based on the prism offset vector and virtual control point design coordinate set, performs real-time pose calculation and deviation calculation on the RTS prism real-time coordinate flow to obtain the real-time deviation flow. In traditional construction methods, the installation accuracy of components often relies on manual measurement and experience judgment, which is not only inefficient but also prone to introducing errors, making it difficult to achieve refined control and quality traceability of the component installation process. Therefore, in the technical solution of this application, the real-time coordinate data of the prism continuously collected by the robot total station (RTS) is effectively converted into the actual three-dimensional spatial position and posture of the component to be installed on the construction site, and further calculates the precise geometric deviation between the component and the design model. Specifically, through real-time pose calculation and deviation calculation, the system can overcome these limitations and provide real-time, quantitative geometric deviation data during the component installation process. This data can intuitively reflect the difference between the actual installation state of the component and the design requirements, thereby providing on-site construction personnel with immediate and accurate correction basis. This ensures that the component can be installed accurately according to the geometric requirements of the design drawings, which is the foundation for ensuring the overall quality and structural integrity of prefabricated buildings.

[0039] In specific implementation, firstly, based on the prism offset vector in the prism-VCP relationship database, the actual VCP coordinates are calculated in real time from the RTS prism real-time coordinate stream to obtain the actual VCP coordinate stream. Since the RTS directly measures the center coordinates of the measuring prism attached to the component, while the component's precision control and pose calculation require the coordinates of its key geometric feature points (i.e., virtual control points, VCPs), the technical solution of this application introduces a prism offset vector. This vector is predefined in the prism-VCP relationship database and describes the fixed spatial displacement relationship of the prism center relative to a specific virtual control point on the component it represents. Specifically, the prism offset vector refers to the fixed three-dimensional spatial vector of the geometric center point of the measuring prism relative to a specific reference point on the component to which it is attached (e.g., the origin of the component's local coordinate system or a virtual control point). This vector is used to convert the prism coordinates measured by the RTS into the coordinates of other points on the component. By adding the prism center coordinates measured in real time by the RTS to the corresponding prism offset vector, the system can accurately calculate the actual global coordinates of each virtual control point associated with the prism at the current moment. This continuously calculated data sequence is the VCP actual coordinate stream.

[0040] Next, the system calculates the real-time pose of the component based on the actual coordinate flow of the VCP and the design coordinate set of the virtual control points to obtain the component's actual pose. The component's actual pose includes its actual position (translation) and actual orientation (rotation) in three-dimensional space. After obtaining the actual global coordinates of multiple (usually at least three non-collinear) VCPs, the system matches them with the design coordinate set of the virtual control points for that component stored in the precision control database. The design coordinate set of the virtual control points provides the ideal global coordinates of these VCPs in the component's design state. By comparing the correspondence between the actual VCP coordinates and the design VCP coordinates, the system can use a geometry-matching algorithm (e.g., a point cloud registration algorithm based on least squares) to calculate a rigid body transformation matrix. This matrix represents the precise three-dimensional translation and rotation of the component from its design position to its current actual position, thereby solving for the component's actual pose.

[0041] Furthermore, based on the actual pose of the component, the design coordinate set of the virtual control points is evaluated using a deviation vector to obtain the real-time deviation flow. It should be understood that existing prefabricated component installation deviation calculation models have a fundamental limitation: their deviation evaluation is isotropic. This model simply treats the installation deviation as a Euclidean displacement in space and calculates its absolute magnitude, meaning that deviations in all directions are given equal weight. However, this purely geometric perspective ignores a core engineering reality in the physical scenario of prefabricated buildings: there is a crucial, asymmetric relationship between the direction of the deviation and its impact on the component's functionality. Specifically, the installation quality of a component is not solely determined by the geometric alignment of its spatial points, but more importantly by the matching quality of its assembly interfaces. This limitation is prominently manifested in the fact that for a waterproof sealing joint of a wall panel, a tiny deviation perpendicular to the interface normal can directly lead to physical gaps or interference, constituting a primary quality defect that may cause water or air leakage; while a deviation of the same size but parallel to the interface tangent may only be a slight visual misalignment, with minimal impact on the core sealing function. Traditional single deviation values ​​cannot distinguish between these vastly different deviations, potentially leading field operators to prioritize correcting less critical functional deviations while neglecting more critical ones. Essentially, this mechanism is a physical-information model lacking engineering significance, lacking a configurable quality cost function that can be defined by design engineers based on interface functions (such as load-bearing, waterproofing, and insulation).

[0042] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, a deviation decoupling and weighted fusion mechanism based on assembly interface normal vectors is proposed. This mechanism introduces the engineering context of the assembly interface and performs orthogonal decomposition and weighted fusion of the deviation vector based on physical functions to achieve high-fidelity, risk-sensitive assessment of installation deviations in prefabricated components. This approach revolutionizes the traditional, singular, isotropic geometric deviation measurement into a multi-dimensional, functional quality control process that deeply understands the inherent needs of the project. It provides on-site installation personnel with unprecedented, clear, and priority-indicating real-time guidance information, effectively avoiding quality risks and rework costs caused by misjudging the severity of deviations. Furthermore, it ensures that the final building quality goes beyond simply meeting geometric tolerances, truly guaranteeing the realization of the core functions expected in the design, such as structure, waterproofing, and insulation.

[0043] In this process, firstly, the deviation vector of each virtual control point ID is calculated. Specifically, firstly, based on the actual pose of the component, the local coordinates of the virtual control point IDs are calculated to obtain the actual global coordinates. That is, for each virtual control point (VCP) on the component, its coordinates in the component's own local coordinate system are fixed geometric properties known during the design phase. Combining the current actual pose of the component obtained in the previous steps (i.e., describing the transformation relationship between the component's local coordinate system and the project's global coordinate system), the system can calculate the local coordinates of the VCP using the following formula, thereby obtaining its actual global coordinates in the project's global coordinate system:

[0044] ,

[0045] in, The local coordinates of the virtual control point ID. and The formula essentially maps the relative position of the VCP within the component to the unified coordinate system of the entire building project through the actual translation and rotation of the component in space. Then, it calculates the deviation between the actual global coordinates and the design global coordinates of the virtual control point ID to obtain the deviation vector. In other words, after calculating the actual global coordinates of each VCP, it subtracts them from the design global coordinates of that VCP (i.e., its ideal position in the design state) stored in the precision control database. This vector difference is the deviation vector of the VCP, a three-dimensional vector that intuitively represents the spatial offset of the VCP's actual position relative to its ideal design position in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0046] Next, the system uses the virtual control point ID as the key to search the precision control database to obtain the interface normal vector and deviation weights. Specifically, based on the virtual control point ID of the current component, the system queries and extracts the assembly interface unit normal vector and a set of functional deviation weights, pre-defined by the design engineer and associated with the VCP, from the enhanced BIM component precision data package. The interface unit normal vector precisely defines the most physically critical deviation directions, such as the ingress and egress directions at waterproof joints. The normal and tangential deviation weights, on the other hand, quantify and solidify engineering expert knowledge, calibrating the risk contribution of different directional deviations to the final building function. This provides essential, clearly engineering-oriented prior parameters for subsequent deviation decoupling and risk assessment, ensuring that the entire calculation process is rooted in real physical constraints and functional requirements from the outset.

[0047] Subsequently, based on the interface normal vector, the deviation vector is orthogonally decomposed to obtain the normal deviation vector and the tangential deviation vector. It should be understood that a raw spatial deviation vector is ambiguous for functional evaluation. In the technical solution of this application, the deviation vector is orthogonally decomposed into independent vector components directly related to the physical characteristics of the assembly interface. In this process, firstly, through vector projection operations, the normal deviation component of the raw deviation vector on the interface unit normal vector is calculated. This component represents the deviation portion that causes physical clearance or interference. Specifically, this process is expressed by the formula:

[0048] ,

[0049] in, The normal deviation vector; This is the original deviation vector; The interface unit normal vector; This represents the vector dot product. The magnitude of the result directly quantifies the degree to which a component is not in place or is blocked at a critical interface, and is a core physical indicator for evaluating sealing performance and load-bearing contact tightness. Furthermore, by subtracting the normal component from the original deviation vector, the tangential deviation component is obtained, which represents the sliding or misalignment deviation within the interface plane. Specifically, this process is expressed by the formula:

[0050] ,

[0051] in, This is the tangential deviation vector. The magnitude of the result quantifies the alignment of components on the interface plane, primarily affecting aesthetics or providing installation references for adjacent components. In this way, a single, general deviation information is successfully transformed into two deviation measures with clear and independent engineering significance, enabling refined, multi-dimensional diagnosis of installation errors and laying a solid data foundation for subsequent functional risk assessment.

[0052] Then, based on the deviation weights, the normal and tangential deviation vectors are evaluated to obtain the magnitude of the deviation components. It should be understood that, in order to provide on-site construction personnel with a single, clear, and highly relevant action instruction, the decomposed multi-dimensional deviation information must be intelligently integrated according to its functional importance to form a final, comprehensive index that can be directly used for decision-making. Specifically, the magnitudes of the previously calculated normal and tangential deviation vectors are weighted and summed with the normal and tangential deviation weights obtained in the first step to obtain a dimensionless scalar exponent; specifically, this process is expressed by the formula:

[0053] ,

[0054] in, It is a weighted functional deviation index; and These are the normal and tangential deviation weights, respectively; and These represent the magnitudes of the normal and tangential deviation vectors, respectively. This step constructs a configurable, engineering-goal-oriented risk assessment function, elevating deviation measurement from a passive geometric check to a proactive, expert-infused intelligent assessment process. This index can sensitively reflect real functional risks; for example, in a scenario where the normal weight is much greater than the tangential weight, a tiny normal deviation is sufficient to trigger a high WFDI value. This generates and outputs a single scalar that accurately measures the degree of functional errors in installation quality, providing on-site personnel with an intelligent navigation index. This index guides on-site personnel to prioritize correcting the deviation components that have the greatest impact on component function, thus evolving the installation guidance strategy from simply aligning geometric points to prioritizing the resolution of the most critical functional issues. This ensures installation quality and effectively avoids the significant rework risks caused by ignoring critical directional deviations.

[0055] In summary, this improved mechanism, by introducing the engineering context of the assembly interface and performing orthogonal decomposition and weighted fusion of the deviation vector based on physical functions, achieves high-fidelity and risk-sensitive assessment of installation deviations of prefabricated components. It not only provides on-site installers with unprecedented, clear, and priority-indicating real-time guidance information, effectively avoiding quality hazards and rework costs caused by misjudging the severity of deviations, but also ensures that the overall building's final quality is not merely about meeting geometric tolerances, but truly guarantees the realization of its core functions such as structure, waterproofing, and insulation as designed. This fundamentally improves the precision, efficiency, and ultimate functional reliability of prefabricated building construction.

[0056] Specifically, S4, based on real-time deviation flow and tolerance specifications, visualizes deviations and provides real-time installation guidance to obtain guidance interface update instructions. Traditional models typically treat installation deviations simply as Euclidean displacements in space and calculate their absolute magnitude, meaning that deviations in all directions are given equal weight. However, this purely geometric perspective ignores a core engineering reality in the physical scenario of prefabricated buildings: there is a crucial asymmetric relationship between the direction of deviation and its impact on the functionality of components. For example, for waterproof sealing joints of wall panels, a small deviation perpendicular to the interface normal may directly lead to physical gaps or interference, constituting primary quality defects such as water leakage and air leakage; while a deviation of the same size but parallel to the interface tangent may only be a slight visual misalignment, with minimal impact on the core sealing function. Existing mechanisms cannot distinguish between these two fundamentally different types of deviations, and the single deviation value they calculate may provide ambiguous or even incorrect guidance to on-site operators, causing them to prioritize correcting functionally secondary deviations while ignoring more functionally critical deviations. Therefore, in the technical solution of this application, by visualizing the real-time deviation flow and providing real-time installation guidance in conjunction with tolerance specifications, a single, clear, and highly relevant action instruction can be provided to on-site construction personnel. This intelligent navigation index can guide them to prioritize correcting the deviation components that have the greatest impact on the component's function, thereby evolving the installation guidance strategy from simple geometric point alignment to prioritizing the resolution of the most critical functional issues. This ensures installation quality and effectively avoids the significant rework risk caused by ignoring critical directional deviations. This fundamentally improves the accuracy, efficiency, and ultimate functional reliability of prefabricated building construction.

[0057] In practice, the system first receives the real-time deviation stream generated in the preceding steps. This stream contains the normal deviation vector, tangential deviation vector, and their respective magnitudes for each virtual control point (VCP) on the component, as well as the weighted functional deviation index calculated for each VCP. These data precisely quantify the actual offset of the component in space and its comprehensive assessment of its functional impact. Simultaneously, the system retrieves the tolerance specifications associated with the current component, which define the allowable range of deviations in each direction.

[0058] Subsequently, the system compares and judges the data in the real-time deviation stream with the tolerance specifications. Specifically, for each virtual control point, the system compares the magnitude of its real-time calculated normal deviation vector, the magnitude of its tangential deviation vector, and the weighted functional deviation index with the corresponding preset critical values ​​in the tolerance specifications. For example, the tolerance specifications may stipulate that the absolute value of the normal deviation must not exceed a specific threshold, the absolute value of the tangential deviation must not exceed another threshold, and the weighted functional deviation index must also be lower than a certain allowable upper limit.

[0059] Furthermore, based on the comparison results, the system generates guidance interface update instructions. These instructions drive the on-site operator interface to update in real time, enabling deviation visualization and real-time installation guidance. Specifically, the system generates or updates a 3D visualization interface, typically using a BIM model as a background, overlaying the real-time position and orientation of the component to be installed. On the interface, each virtual control point (VCP) visually represents its deviation status using different colors, symbols, or arrows. For example, if the weighted functional deviation index of a VCP exceeds the tolerance range, the VCP may be highlighted in red, accompanied by a dynamic arrow pointing to the correct installation direction. Simultaneously, specific deviation values ​​(such as normal deviation and tangential deviation) and their percentage relative to the tolerance can be displayed. This visualization method allows operators to clearly understand the overall installation status of the component and the severity and direction of specific deviations. In addition, based on the deviation assessment results, the system generates specific installation adjustment suggestions, presented on the operating interface in the form of text, voice, or graphic instructions. For example, if a component has a significant normal deviation, the interface might prompt "The component needs to be moved inward by 5mm" or "The component needs to be rotated counterclockwise by 0.5 degrees." Because the Weighted Functional Deviation Index (WFDI) can sensitively reflect the actual functional risks, the interface will prioritize highlighting the deviations that have the greatest impact on the component's function and provide corresponding correction strategies. For instance, in a scenario where the normal weight is much greater than the tangential weight, even a small normal deviation is enough to trigger a high WFDI value, and the system will immediately prompt the operator to prioritize correcting this normal deviation. These instructions are dynamic, constantly adjusting as the component moves and the RTS data is updated in real time, thus forming a real-time, interactive installation guidance process.

[0060] With the guidance interface update instructions, on-site construction personnel can accurately adjust the position and posture of components based on the intuitive feedback and clear guidance provided by the interface, until the deviation of all virtual control points is within the allowable range of the tolerance specification, and the weighted functional deviation index reaches the expected target.

[0061] In summary, the prefabricated building construction quality traceability management method according to the embodiments of this application is explained. First, based on the BIM model, the list of components to be produced, and the RFID tag pool, a precision control database is constructed, containing globally unique BIM identifiers, unique RFID identifiers, a set of virtual control point design coordinates, and tolerance specifications. This lays the data foundation for subsequent precise measurement and traceability. Then, the RTS is triggered by RFID scanning events to perform directional tracking of the components, acquiring the precise three-dimensional pose coordinate flow of the components in real time, comparing it with the design coordinates, and performing real-time pose calculation and deviation calculation. Finally, based on the real-time deviation flow and tolerance specifications, the system provides real-time and intuitive feedback of the deviation results to the on-site installation personnel in a visual manner (such as arrows and numerical values), providing real-time installation guidance. This allows workers to make fine adjustments according to the updated instructions on the guidance interface until the deviation falls within the allowable range, thereby achieving closed-loop control and precise traceability of prefabricated building construction quality.

[0062] Furthermore, a construction quality traceability management system for prefabricated buildings is also provided.

[0063] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of a prefabricated building construction quality traceability management system according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the prefabricated building construction quality traceability management system 300 according to an embodiment of this application includes: a precision control database construction module 310, used to construct a precision control database based on a BIM model, a list of components to be produced, and an RFID tag pool, wherein each record in the precision control database includes a BIM globally unique identifier, an RFID unique identifier, a virtual control point design coordinate set, and tolerance specifications; an RTS target locking module 320, used to load on-site installation tasks and lock the RTS target based on RFID scanning events and the project coordinate system already calibrated in the RTS to obtain the RTS prism real-time coordinate flow; a real-time deviation calculation module 330, used to perform real-time pose calculation and deviation calculation on the RTS prism real-time coordinate flow based on the prism offset vector and the virtual control point design coordinate set to obtain the real-time deviation flow; and a deviation visualization and real-time installation guidance module 340, used to perform deviation visualization and real-time installation guidance based on the real-time deviation flow and tolerance specifications to obtain the guidance interface update instruction.

[0064] As described above, the prefabricated building construction quality traceability management system 300 according to the embodiments of this application can be implemented in various wireless terminals, such as servers with prefabricated building construction quality traceability management algorithms. In one possible implementation, the prefabricated building construction quality traceability management system 300 according to the embodiments of this application can be integrated into the wireless terminal as a software module and / or hardware module. For example, the prefabricated building construction quality traceability management system 300 can be a software module in the operating system of the wireless terminal, or it can be an application developed for the wireless terminal; of course, the prefabricated building construction quality traceability management system 300 can also be one of many hardware modules of the wireless terminal.

[0065] Alternatively, in another example, the prefabricated building construction quality traceability management system 300 and the wireless terminal can also be separate devices, and the prefabricated building construction quality traceability management system 300 can be connected to the wireless terminal via wired and / or wireless networks, and transmit interactive information in accordance with an agreed data format.

[0066] The various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for traceability management of construction quality in prefabricated buildings, characterized in that, include: Based on the BIM model, the list of components to be produced, and the RFID tag pool, a precision control database is constructed. Each record in the precision control database includes a globally unique BIM identifier, a unique RFID identifier, a set of virtual control point design coordinates, and tolerance specifications. Based on RFID scanning events and the project coordinate system already calibrated in RTS, on-site installation tasks are loaded and RTS targets are locked to obtain the real-time coordinate stream of the RTS prism. Based on the prism offset vector and the virtual control point design coordinate set, real-time pose calculation and deviation calculation are performed on the RTS prism real-time coordinate flow to obtain the real-time deviation flow. This includes: real-time estimation of the VCP actual coordinates of the RTS prism real-time coordinate flow based on the prism offset vector in the prism-VCP relationship database to obtain the VCP actual coordinate flow; calculation of the real-time pose of the component based on the VCP actual coordinate flow and the virtual control point design coordinate set to obtain the actual pose of the component; and deviation vector evaluation of the virtual control point design coordinate set based on the actual pose of the component to obtain the real-time deviation flow. Deviation visualization and real-time installation guidance are performed based on real-time deviation flow and tolerance specifications to obtain guidance interface update instructions; Among them, the deviation vector evaluation of the virtual control point design coordinate set based on the actual pose of the component is used to obtain the real-time deviation flow, including: Calculating the deviation vector for each virtual control point ID includes: based on the actual pose of the component, calculating the local coordinates of the virtual control point ID to obtain the actual global coordinates using the following formula: ， in, The local coordinates of the virtual control point ID. and The actual pose of the component is given; the deviation between the actual global coordinates and the design global coordinates of the virtual control point ID is calculated to obtain the deviation vector; The interface normal vector and deviation weight are obtained by searching the precision control database using the virtual control point ID as the key. Based on the interface normal vector, the deviation vector is orthogonally decomposed to obtain the normal deviation vector and the tangential deviation vector using the following formula: ， ， in, The normal deviation vector; This is the original deviation vector; The interface unit normal vector; Represents the vector dot product. This is the tangential deviation vector; Based on the deviation weight, the deviation is evaluated on the normal deviation vector and the tangential deviation vector to obtain the magnitude of the deviation components.

2. The method for traceability management of construction quality of prefabricated buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the BIM model, the list of components to be produced, and the RFID tag pool, a precision control database is constructed, including: Obtain the designer's selected instructions and the tolerance values ​​entered by the designer; Assign the tolerance values ​​entered by the designer to the tolerance specifications; Based on the designer's selected instructions, the geometric information of the virtual control points on the BIM side of the BIM model is extracted to obtain the design coordinate set of the virtual control points; The virtual control point design coordinate set, tolerance specifications, BIM global unique identifier, and RFID unique identifier are instantiated to obtain database records.

3. The method for traceability management of prefabricated building construction quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on RFID scanning events and the project coordinate system already calibrated in the RTS, on-site installation tasks are loaded and RTS target is locked to obtain the real-time coordinate stream of the RTS prism, including: The RFID unique identifier in the RFID scanning event is used as a query parameter to query the precision control database to obtain the precision data payload. The precision data payload includes the BIM global unique identifier, the RFID unique identifier, the virtual control point design coordinate set, and the tolerance specification. Based on the precision data payload, an active installation session and an initialized user interface are generated, the initialized user interface being used to receive operator lock commands; In response to the operator's lock command, an automatic target identification and tracking command is sent to the RTS prism; In response to the command to automatically identify and track the target, the real-time coordinate stream of the RTS prism is acquired.

4. A construction quality traceability management system for prefabricated buildings, used to implement the construction quality traceability management method for prefabricated buildings as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: The precision control database construction module is used to construct a precision control database based on the BIM model, the list of components to be produced, and the RFID tag pool. Each record in the precision control database includes a BIM globally unique identifier, an RFID unique identifier, a set of virtual control point design coordinates, and tolerance specifications. The RTS target locking module is used to load on-site installation tasks and lock RTS targets based on RFID scanning events and the project coordinate system already calibrated in RTS to obtain the real-time coordinate stream of the RTS prism. The real-time deviation calculation module is used to design a coordinate set based on the prism offset vector and virtual control points, and to perform real-time pose calculation and deviation calculation on the real-time coordinate flow of the RTS prism to obtain the real-time deviation flow. The Deviation Visualization and Real-time Installation Guidance Module is used to visualize deviations and provide real-time installation guidance based on real-time deviation flow and tolerance specifications to obtain guidance interface update instructions.

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