Cultivation management method for excellent ornamental clonal young forest of zelkova schneideriana

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation and management method for a zelkova schneideriana excellent ornamental clonal young forest. The method comprises the following steps: (1) setting zelkova schneideriana planting spacing at the initial stage of field planting; in combination with tree form management, cultivating first-level lateral branches to timely enlarge the spacing between rows and plants; (2) performing bud removal, branch pruning, trunk fixation and lateral branch angle regulation and control on the grafted clonal seedlings in stages, so that the height of the trunk reaches 1.8-2.0 m, and growing 3-4 primary lateral branches in different directions at the top of the trunk; (3) dividing the zelkova schneideriana into a red system and a yellow system according to the leaf color of the zelkova schneideriana in autumn, and topdressing the zelkova schneideriana by adopting corresponding fertilizer types and dosages in 1-2 years and 3-6 years after field planting. According to the method, tree form management is carried out on single plants of the young-stage seed forest, so that the purposes of inhibiting high growth of the zelkova schneideriana, promoting branch germination, achieving standardization of high-yield tree forms of the seed forest and optimizing spatial layout are achieved, early fruiting and high yield of the zelkova schneideriana seed forest are achieved, the manual seed collecting difficulty is reduced, and the method has high practicability and wide applicability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of forest tree seedling cultivation, in particular to a young forest cultivation method of a fine ornamental clone of beech. BACKGROUND

[0002] The beech is a deciduous tree, which can reach a height of 30 meters and a diameter at breast height of 100 centimeters, with a straight trunk; the crown is in the shape of an inverted ovoid or an ellipse, with lush and evenly distributed branches and leaves, and the overall shape is beautiful; in spring, the new leaves appear in bright red or purple red; in summer, the leaves turn dark green; in autumn, some leaves turn golden yellow, and some turn orange red or red brown; in winter, although the beech loses its leaves, the fine branches exhibit a unique line beauty. Therefore, the beech has excellent ornamental properties in terms of both shape and leaves, with a beautiful shape, a full crown, a straight trunk, and branches and leaves of various colors.

[0003] At present, the research on fine ornamental beech varieties in China mainly focuses on the mechanism of leaf color change, but there is little research on the cultivation and management techniques of fine ornamental beech varieties. There is no application technology that can be used for reference for the directional cultivation of beeches with excellent tree shape and long ornamental period of autumn leaf color.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cultivation and management method for young forests of fine ornamental clones of beeches to meet the demand for the breeding of fine ornamental beech varieties. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a young forest cultivation and management method of fine ornamental clones of beeches, which can achieve the cultivation effect of a straight trunk, a beautiful crown, and an improved and prolonged ornamental period of autumn leaf color by scientific regulation of planting density, tree shape management, and different color systems of water and fertilizer management, and can clearly define the trunk requirements, side branch cultivation standards, planting row spacing parameters, and fertilizer application specifications of ornamental beeches in the young stage.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solution: A young forest cultivation and management method of fine ornamental clones of beeches, comprising the following steps: (1) Regulation of fixed density The planting row spacing of beeches is 1.0-1.5m x 2.0-3.0m at the initial stage of planting; combined with tree shape management, the spacing of the first-order side branches is expanded to 2.0-3.0m x 4.0-6.0m in time, so as to ensure that the tree has good light conditions; (2) Ornamental tree shape management The budding of the grafted clone seedlings is removed in stages, the branches are pruned, the main stem is fixed, and the angle of the lateral branches is regulated, so that the height of the main stem reaches 1.8-2.0 m, and 3-4 first-order lateral branches in different directions are generated at the top of the main stem. The opening angle of the lateral branches is timely intervened by pulling the branches in the early stage, so that the included angle between the first-order lateral branches and the main stem is controlled in the range of 45°-60°; (3) Water and fertilizer management of different color systems According to the leaf color of zelkova trees in autumn, the corresponding types and amounts of fertilizers are applied for topdressing after 1-2 years and 3-6 years of planting, respectively. Leaf fertilizer spraying is increased after 3-6 years of planting.

[0007] Further, the specific operation steps of step (2) are as follows: (21) In early spring of the second year after planting of the grafted clone seedlings of 1 year, the new shoots above the grafting port that are thick and relatively upright are retained, and the rest of the new shoots are all removed. The budding of the stock section is removed in the germination period. The competing branches are pruned in summer, and part of the lateral branches germinated on the spring retained branches are thinned out. (22) In spring of the third to fourth year after planting, the budding of the stock section is removed. The grafted new shoots that are cultured as main stems are gradually removed from the bottom 2 / 3 of the lateral branches, and the part of the adventitious buds is continuously removed. The stronger lateral branches on the main stem are shortened in summer to promote the height growth of the main stem. The bamboo pole is bound with the main stem in winter to cultivate the upright property. The main stem grows to about 1.6 m, and 1 stronger branch at the top and 2-3 weaker branches at the bottom are retained. The 3-4 branches, i.e. the first-order lateral branches, grow in different directions from the top of the main stem to the lower part with a distance of 20-30 cm. (23) In the fifth to sixth year after planting, the inner cavity branches and redundant branches of the second-order lateral branches germinated from the three first-order lateral branches are pruned in spring of the fifth year. The stronger first-order lateral branch at the top is shortened by 1 / 2, and the second-order lateral branches thereof are pinched in summer. The weaker first-order lateral branch at the lower part is shortened by 1 / 3. The first-order lateral branch at the top is pruned in winter. In spring of the sixth year, all the buds below the first-order lateral branches are removed, 3-4 full buds in different directions at the top of the main stem are retained, and the lower part 2-3 first-order lateral branches are shortened by 2 / 3. When the new shoots germinated after the pinching grow to 50-60 cm in summer, the lower part 2-3 first-order lateral branches are pruned. The main stem grows to 1.8-2.0 m in autumn and winter, and the retained perennial first-order lateral branches at the top are pruned.

[0008] Further, in step (3): In 1-2 years after planting, the red color system zelkova tree is topdressed with 0.2-0.4 kg of urea and 0.3-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per mu from March to May, and 0.5-0.8 kg of rotten chicken manure per mu is added from November to December. The yellow color system zelkova tree is topdressed with 0.1-0.3 kg of urea per mu in March and April, and topdressed with 0.1-0.3 kg of urea per mu again after 45-50 days. 0.2-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per mu is topdressed from June to July, and 0.3-0.6 kg of rotten sesame cake fertilizer per mu is added from winter to early spring. After 3-6 years of planting, increase the leaf surface fertilizer: red beech 3-5 months, 0.8-1.3 kg / strain of compound fertilizer, 7-9 months, 2 / 1000+2 / 1000+1 / 1000 mass concentration of phosphorus dihydrogen potassium, cane sugar, citric acid, spray 2-3 times. In autumn and winter, 1-2 years apart, combined with soil ploughing, 1.0-2.0 kg / strain of rotten chicken manure is applied in the rhizosphere of the tree body; yellow beech 3-5 months, 0.8-1.3 kg / strain of compound fertilizer, 7-9 months, 2 / 1000+1 / 1000+2 / 1000 mass concentration of boric acid, amino acid, urea, spray 2-3 times, 1-2 years apart in autumn and winter, combined with soil ploughing, 1.0-2.0 kg / strain of sesame cake fertilizer is applied in the rhizosphere of the tree body.

[0009] Beneficial effects: compared with the prior art, the present application achieves the purpose of inhibiting the high growth of beech, promoting the branch germination, realizing the standardization of the mother tree forest high yield tree shape, and optimizing the space layout by managing the tree shape of the single tree in the young mother tree forest, realizes the early fruiting and high yield of the beech mother tree forest, reduces the difficulty of artificial seed collection, and has strong practicability and wide applicability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The present application will be specifically introduced below in combination with specific examples. EXAMPLE

[0011] 1. Planting density regulation The row spacing of beech planting trees is 1.0x2.0 m at the initial planting stage; combined with tree shape management, the row spacing is expanded to 2.0x4.0 m in time by cultivating primary lateral branches, so as to ensure that the tree body has good light conditions.

[0012] 2. Ornamental tree shape management (1) The asexual line seedlings grafted for 1 year are planted in the early spring of the second year, the new shoots above the grafting port are retained, and the rest of the new shoots are removed; in the germination period, the grafting shoots are removed; in summer, the competing branches are removed, and part of the lateral branches germinated on the spring retained branches are removed.

[0013] (2) In spring of the third to fourth year of planting, the grafting shoots are removed. The grafted new shoots as the main trunk are gradually removed from the bottom 2 / 3 lateral branches, and the part of the adventitious buds is continuously removed; in summer, the strong lateral branches on the main trunk are cut short to promote the growth of the main trunk; in winter, the bamboo pole is bound with the main trunk to cultivate the straightness. When the main trunk is about 1.6 m long, 1 strong branch at the top and 2-3 weak branches at the bottom are retained, and 3-4 branches, i.e. primary lateral branches, are grown from the top to the lower part of the main trunk with a distance of 20 cm, growing in different directions.

[0014] (3) In the 5th to 6th year of planting, in the spring of the 5th year, the inner cavity branches and redundant branches of the second order lateral branches growing from the three first order lateral branches are pruned. In summer, the top strong first order lateral branches are cut by 1 / 2 and the second order lateral branches thereof are pinched, and the lower weak first order lateral branches are cut by 1 / 3. In winter, the top first order lateral branches are pruned. In the spring of the 6th year, all the sprouts below the first order lateral branches are removed, 3 to 4 full buds in different directions at the top of the main stem are retained, and the lower 2 to 3 first order lateral branches are cut by 2 / 3. In summer, when the new sprouts grow to 50 cm, the lower 2 to 3 first order lateral branches are pruned. In autumn and winter, when the main stem grows to 1.9 m, the remaining perennial first order lateral branches at the top are pruned.

[0015] In this way, the height of the main stem reaches 1.8 to 2.0 m, and 3 to 4 first order lateral branches in different directions grow at the top of the main stem. The opening angle of the first order lateral branches is controlled within 45° through timely intervention by pulling the branches in the early stage.

[0016] 3. Water and fertilizer management of different color systems According to the changes of leaf color in different autumn, different water and fertilizer management methods are used.

[0017] After planting for 1 to 2 years, for the red color system beech, 0.2 kg of urea and 0.3 kg of compound fertilizer per plant are applied from March to May, and 0.5 kg of rotten chicken manure per plant is applied from November to December. For the yellow color system beech, 0.1 kg of urea per plant is applied from March to April, and then 0.1 kg of urea per plant is applied again after 45 to 50 days. From June to July, 0.2 kg of compound fertilizer per plant is applied, and from winter to early spring, 0.3 kg of rotten sesame cake fertilizer per plant is applied.

[0018] After planting for 3 to 6 years, leaf fertilizer application is increased. For the red color system beech, 0.8 kg of compound fertilizer per plant is applied from March to May, and 2 / 1000 of dihydrogen potassium phosphate, 2 / 1000 of sucrose, and 1 / 1000 of citric acid are sprayed on the leaves from July to September, with 2 to 3 times of spraying. In autumn and winter, 1.0 kg of rotten chicken manure per plant is applied in the form of hole-like application around the root zone of the tree every 1 to 2 years combined with soil ploughing. For the yellow color system beech, 0.8 kg of compound fertilizer per plant is applied from March to May, and 2 / 1000 of boric acid, 1 / 1000 of amino acid, and 2 / 1000 of urea are sprayed on the leaves from July to September, with 2 to 3 times of spraying. In autumn and winter, 1.0 kg of sesame cake fertilizer per plant is applied in the form of hole-like application around the root zone of the tree every 1 to 2 years combined with soil ploughing. Embodiment

[0019] 1. Planting density regulation In the early stage of planting, the planting distance of beech is 1.5 m x 3.0 m. Combined with tree shape management, the plant row distance is adjusted to 3.0 m x 6.0 m to ensure that the tree has good light conditions.

[0020] 2. Ornamental tree shape management (1) Grafted 1-year-old clone seedlings were planted in early spring of the second year, and the new shoots above the grafting interface were retained, and the rest of the new shoots were removed. In the budding period, the budding of the stock section was removed. In summer, the competing branches were pruned, and the part of the side branches that sprouted on the retained branches in spring were removed.

[0021] (2) In spring of the third to fourth year after planting, the budding of the stock section was removed. The grafted new shoots that were cultivated as main stems were gradually removed from the bottom 2 / 3 of the side branches, and the part of the adventitious buds was continuously removed. In summer, the stronger side branches on the main stem were shortened to promote the growth of the main stem. In winter, the bamboo poles were bundled with the main stem to cultivate the straightness. The main stem grew to about 1.6 m, and 1 strong branch at the top and 2-3 weak branches at the bottom were retained. The 3-4 branches, i.e. the first-order side branches, were grown from the top of the main stem to the lower part with a distance of 30 cm, growing in different directions.

[0022] (3) In the fifth to sixth year after planting, the inner cavity branches and excess branches of the second-order side branches that sprouted from the three first-order side branches were pruned in spring of the fifth year. In summer, the top strong first-order side branch was shortened by 1 / 2, and the second-order side branches were pinched. The lower weak first-order side branch was shortened by 1 / 3. In winter, the top first-order side branch was pruned. In spring of the sixth year, all the buds below the first-order side branches were removed, and 3-4 full buds in different directions were retained at the top of the main stem. The lower 2-3 first-order side branches were shortened by 2 / 3. In summer, when the new shoots sprouted to 60 cm, the lower 2-3 first-order side branches were pruned. In autumn and winter, the main stem grew to 2.0 m, and the retained perennial first-order side branches at the top were pruned.

[0023] In this way, the height of the main stem reached 1.8-2.0 m, and 3-4 first-order side branches in different directions sprouted at the top of the main stem. Early intervention in the opening angle of the side branches was achieved by pulling the branches, and the included angle between the first-order side branches and the main stem was controlled within 60°.

[0024] 3. Water and fertilizer management of different color systems According to the changes of leaf color in different autumn, different water and fertilizer management methods were used.

[0025] After planting for 1-2 years, the red color system beech was applied with 0.4 kg of urea and 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per plant from March to May, and 0.8 kg of rotten chicken manure per plant from November to December. The yellow color system beech was applied with 0.3 kg of urea per plant in March and April, and then with 0.3 kg of urea per plant every 45-50 days. From June to July, 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per plant was applied, and from winter to early spring, 0.6 kg of rotten sesame cake fertilizer per plant was applied.

[0026] After 3-6 years of planting, leaf surface fertilizer is added. For red beeches, 1.3 Kg of compound fertilizer is added in March-May, and 2 / 1000 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 / 1000 of cane sugar and 1 / 1000 of citric acid are sprayed on the leaves in July-September, with 2-3 times of spraying. In autumn and winter, chicken manure is applied in the rhizosphere of the trees at an interval of 1-2 years, with 2.0 Kg of mature chicken manure per tree. For yellow beeches, 1.3 Kg of compound fertilizer is added in March-May, and 2 / 1000 of boric acid, 1 / 1000 of amino acid and 2 / 1000 of urea are sprayed on the leaves in July-September, with 2-3 times of spraying. In autumn and winter, sesame cake fertilizer is applied in the rhizosphere of the trees at an interval of 1-2 years, with 2.0 Kg of sesame cake fertilizer per tree.

[0027] Test example: Beech seeds are collected from single plants of beech mother trees, and seedlings are cultivated by sowing and germination. In spring, 10 excellent and ornamental single plant spikes are collected, and clonal seedlings are propagated by branch grafting of seedlings. In the test forest, two 3-mu plots are selected, which are plot 1 and plot 2. The test planting method is a randomized block design, and a number of 3-year-old root 2-year-old stem beech clonal seedlings of 2 yellow single plants and 8 red single plants are planted in the dormant period of beeches, so as to ensure that the number of beeches with the same number in the two plots is consistent. Plot 1 is managed by the shaping and pruning, water and fertilizer management and other measures in the beech large seedling cultivation technical regulations; plot 2 is managed by the method of example 1 or example 2 of the present application. The beeches in the sample plot are managed for 5-6 years, and in the 4th-5th year, 9 beeches are randomly selected from each plot, including 3 yellow beeches and 6 red beeches. The first-class lateral branch number, main stem height, leaf color discoloration period, leaf fall period and leaf color ornamental period of the excellent and ornamental clonal beech seedlings are observed for 2 consecutive years, and the results are as follows: The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application are shown and described. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above examples do not limit the present application in any form, and any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating and managing a young forest of an excellent ornamental clone of zelkova, characterized by, Comprise the following steps: (1) fixed value density regulation Planting early beech planting plant row spacing 1.0~1.5m x 2.0~3.0m; combined with tree shape management, cultivate primary lateral branch, timely expand plant row spacing, adjust to 2.0~3.0m x 4.0~6.0m, ensure that the tree body has good light conditions; (2) ornamental tree shape management: carry out bud removal, branch pruning, main stem fixation and lateral branch angle control on grafted clone seedlings in stages, so that the main stem height reaches 1.8~2.0m and 3~4 primary lateral branches in different directions are generated at the top of the main stem, and the opening angle of the primary lateral branches is controlled in the range of 45°~60° through timely intervention in the early stage; (3) different color system water and fertilizer management: according to the autumn leaf color of beech, divide it into red and yellow color systems, and use corresponding fertilizer types and amounts for topdressing after planting for 1~2 years and 3~6 years respectively, and increase foliar fertilizer spraying after planting for 3~6 years.

2. The cultivation and management method of a young forest of a superior ornamental clone of zelkova according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation steps of step (2) are as follows: (21) in the early spring of the second year after the grafting of 1-year-old clone seedlings, retain the new shoots above the grafting interface that are thick and relatively upright, and remove the rest; remove the bud of the stock section in the budding period; remove the competing branches in summer and remove part of the lateral branches that have grown on the retained branches in spring; (22) in spring of the third to fourth year after planting, remove the bud of the stock section; remove the bottom 2 / 3 lateral branches of the grafted new shoots that are cultivated as main stems, and continuously remove the adventitious buds in this part; short the strong lateral branches on the main stem in summer to promote the growth of the main stem; in winter, bind the main stem with a bamboo pole to cultivate straightness; when the main stem is about 1.6m long, retain 1 strong branch at the top and 2~3 weak branches below, and 3~4 branches, i.e. primary lateral branches, grow in different directions at a distance of 20~30cm from the top of the main stem to the lower part; (23) in the fifth to sixth year after planting, remove the inner cavity branches and redundant branches of the secondary lateral branches that grow from the three primary lateral branches in spring of the fifth year; short the top strong primary lateral branch by 1 / 2 and the secondary lateral branches of the primary lateral branch by 1 / 3 in summer; remove the top primary lateral branch in winter; in spring of the sixth year, remove all the buds below the primary lateral branches, retain 3~4 full buds in different directions at the top of the main stem, and short the lower 2~3 primary lateral branches by 2 / 3; remove the lower 2~3 primary lateral branches when the new shoots grow to 50~60cm in summer; in autumn and winter, the main stem grows to 1.8~2.0m, and the remaining perennial primary lateral branches at the top are removed.

3. The cultivation and management method of a young forest of a superior ornamental clone of zelkova according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3): 1-2 years after planting, red beeches are applied with 0.2-0.4 kg of urea and 0.3-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per plant in March-May, and with 0.5-0.8 kg of decomposed chicken manure per plant in November-December; yellow beeches are applied with 0.1-0.3 kg of urea per plant in March-April, and with 0.1-0.3 kg of urea again after 45-50 days, and with 0.2-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per plant in June-July, and with 0.3-0.6 kg of decomposed sesame cake fertilizer per plant from winter to early spring; 3-6 years after planting, the foliar fertilization of red beeches is increased: 0.8-1.3 kg of compound fertilizer per plant in March-May, and 2 / 1000 of dihydrogen potassium phosphate, 2 / 1000 of sucrose and 1 / 1000 of citric acid are sprayed on the leaves 2-3 times in July-September; 1.0-2.0 kg of decomposed chicken manure per plant is applied in the rhizosphere of the trees in the fall and winter, with an interval of 1-2 years; yellow beeches are applied with 0.8-1.3 kg of compound fertilizer per plant in March-May, and 2 / 1000 of boric acid, 1 / 1000 of amino acid and 2 / 1000 of urea are sprayed on the leaves 2-3 times in July-September, and 1.0-2.0 kg of sesame cake fertilizer per plant is applied in the rhizosphere of the trees in the fall and winter, with an interval of 1-2 years.

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