Crank cooperative type multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading equipment and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fiber bundle spreading. The crank cooperative type multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading equipment comprises a fixed bracket, and a first fiber spreading device, a compression roller device and a second fiber spreading device which are arranged in sequence, the first filament spreading device comprises an upper row roller set and a lower row roller set which do periodic reciprocating rectilinear motion with opposite directions and controllable strokes, and the lower row roller set does periodic reciprocating rectilinear motion and meanwhile does periodic amplitude-controllable swing in the direction perpendicular to the motion direction of the lower row roller set. The invention further relates to a working method of the crank cooperative type multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading equipment. The first filament spreading device provides reciprocating rectilinear motion with the phase difference of 180 degrees and compound motion of a swing stroke, a dynamic alternating tension field (stress fluctuation is controllable) is formed in a fiber bundle, and the internal stress dispersion efficiency of the fiber bundle is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fiber bundle unwinding. BACKGROUND

[0002] The current fiber unwinding equipment has significant technical limitations: the traditional design relies on a single motion mode, such as only realizing one-way vibration or independent swinging of the roller group, which is difficult to generate a complex mechanical field to synergistically act on the fiber bundle, resulting in insufficient uniformity of unwinding (the standard deviation of carbon fiber unwinding uniformity is generally >0.5mm) and high breakage rate (when processing ultrafine fibers, >8%); the adjustment function of existing equipment is severely limited, the roller position adjustment usually only supports single-axis direction (such as vertical or horizontal), which cannot dynamically optimize the fiber bundle angle and contact pressure distribution in three-dimensional space, and the driving system needs multiple motors to synergistically control the swinging and translation motion, which not only increases the structural complexity (transmission components account for >40%), but also causes phase mismatch (error >15°) due to insufficient mechanical linkage precision, significantly reducing energy efficiency (power loss up to 30%); the working mode is rigid, the roller can only be fixed in a rotating or stationary state, and cannot be switched as needed to balance the low-friction processing and unwinding sizing needs, for example, glass fibers are prone to slipping in rotating mode, and aramid fibers are prone to stress concentration in fixed mode. In addition, the unwinding section width control mainly relies on passive limiting mechanisms, and the width contraction rate is often >5%, affecting the consistency of finished products. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is: how to provide an unwinding equipment with multiple degrees of freedom and precise tension adjustment, which can complete the unwinding of different demand fiber bundles at one time, and has low damage and high uniformity unwinding characteristics.

[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is: a crank cooperative type multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device, comprising a fixed support and sequentially arranged first spreading device, a press roller device and a second spreading device; the first spreading device comprises an upper row of rollers and a lower row of rollers capable of doing controllable periodic reciprocating linear motion in opposite directions, the lower row of rollers does controllable periodic oscillation perpendicular to the direction of motion while doing periodic reciprocating linear motion, the lower row of rollers comprises two parallel arranged lower row of rollers fixed plates (18), a lower row of rollers vibration shaft (14) fixedly connected to the two parallel arranged lower row of rollers fixed plates (18) and 2 or more than 2 lower row of rollers (32) connected between the two parallel arranged lower row of rollers fixed plates (18), the upper row of rollers comprises an upper row of spreading rollers bottom plate (7), two upper row of rollers fixed plates (8) and 2 or more than 2 upper row of rollers (31) installed between the two upper row of rollers fixed plates (8), the two upper row of rollers fixed plates (8) are installed on the upper row of spreading rollers bottom plate (7), and the upper row of spreading rollers bottom plate (7) is installed on the upper row of spreading rollers guide rail; the second spreading device comprises a dynamic spreading roller group and a static spreading roller group, the dynamic spreading roller group does controllable periodic reciprocating oscillation relative to the static spreading roller group, and the static roller (36) of the static spreading roller group comprises two modes of switchable rotation and fixation; the press roller device comprises a pair of parallel arranged nylon rollers with adjustable spacing; during use, the fiber bundle after centering and width expansion first enters the first spreading device for spreading, then passes through the press roller device for pressing, and finally passes through the second spreading device for secondary spreading, so that the spreading fiber with controllable thickness and controllable width is obtained.

[0005] The first wire spreading device further comprises a composite motion mechanism, an upper row roller group vibration mechanism and a brake device. The composite motion mechanism comprises a composite vibration fixed plate (11), a first stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device, a linear reciprocating motion fixed plate (10), a parallel double shaft fixed clamp (25), a cylindrical cam (13) with a curved groove on a cylindrical surface, a vertical bearing seat (12), a division pin plunger knob (26), the vertical bearing seat (12) is two and is fixed on the composite vibration fixed plate (11), the cylindrical cam (13) is between the two vertical bearing seats (12), the cylindrical cam (13) is installed on a cylindrical cam shaft, one end of the cylindrical cam shaft passes through one vertical bearing seat and is fixedly connected with a telescopic shaft of the first stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device through the parallel double shaft fixed clamp (25), the other end of the cylindrical cam shaft passes through the other vertical bearing seat and is connected with the lower row roller group vibration shaft (14) through a shaft coupling (15), the upper row roller group vibration mechanism comprises a second stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device, a linear reciprocating motion fixed plate (10), a control position threaded block (29) and a control position threaded stud (30), the control position threaded block (29) is two block-shaped objects with threaded through holes, the control position threaded stud (30) is connected on a telescopic shaft of the second stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device, the control position threaded block (29) is installed on the control position threaded stud (30), the bottom of the upper row wire spreading roller group bottom plate (7) is fixed with a snap ring, the control position threaded stud (30) passes through the snap ring, there is a block-shaped object with a threaded through hole before and after the snap ring, the movement amplitude of the upper row wire spreading roller is adjusted by adjusting the control position threaded block (29), the first stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device and the second stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device are stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion devices (17) with the same structure, the division pin plunger knob (26) is a pin shaft fixed on the composite vibration fixed plate (11), the top of the division pin plunger knob (26) is in the curved groove of the cylindrical cam (13), the cooperation of the division pin plunger knob (26) and the cylindrical cam (13) makes the cylindrical cam (13) rotate when feeding or sinking.

[0006] The two ends of the upper row roller are connected with the upper row roller group fixed plate through bearings, one end of the upper row roller protrudes from the upper row roller group fixed plate and is connected and fixed to the brake device on the upper row roller group fixed plate, the lower row roller group vibration shaft (14) is connected with the upper row roller group fixed plate (8) through bearings.

[0007] The second wire expanding device further comprises a crank rocker device and a brake device, the dynamic wire expanding roller group comprises a dynamic wire expanding roller vibration shaft (35) and two parallel arranged dynamic roller fixing plates (33), two or more than two dynamic rollers (37) are installed between the two parallel arranged dynamic roller fixing plates (33), the dynamic wire expanding roller vibration shaft (35) is fixedly connected with the two parallel arranged dynamic roller fixing plates (33), the dynamic roller (37) is connected with the dynamic roller fixing plate (33) through a bearing, the static wire expanding roller group comprises two parallel arranged static roller fixing plates (34) and a static roller support for fixing the two parallel arranged static roller fixing plates (34), two or more than two static rollers (36) are installed on the two parallel arranged static roller fixing plates (34), one end of the static roller is connected with the brake device fixed on the static roller fixing plate (34) after extending out of the static roller fixing plate (34), the static roller is connected with the static roller fixing plate (34) through a bearing, the dynamic wire expanding roller vibration shaft (35) is connected with the static roller fixing plate (34) through a bearing, the rocker (39) of the crank rocker device and the dynamic roller fixing plate (33) are fixedly connected through a reciprocating swing plate (40), and the dynamic wire expanding roller vibration shaft (35) and the dynamic roller fixing plate (33) constitute an L-shaped structure.

[0008] The fixed support comprises a supporting leg (1), a transverse support plate (2), a longitudinal support plate (3), a vertical frame (9), a connecting support plate (16), a reinforcing plate (41) and a stand column, the transverse support plate (2) and the longitudinal support plate (3) are each provided with two plates, the transverse support plate (2) and the longitudinal support plate (3) constitute a rectangular plane frame, the supporting leg (1) is provided with four legs and is fixedly installed at four corners of the plane frame, the reinforcing plate (41) reinforces the supporting leg to ensure the stability of the supporting leg, the vertical frame (9) is provided with two parallel structures and is fixed on two sides of the longitudinal support plate (3) through the connecting support plate (16), the stand column is provided with four columns and each column is provided with two columns fixed on the longitudinal support plate (3), the top points of the four columns constitute a rectangle, the first wire expanding device is installed on the vertical frame (9), the second wire expanding device is installed on the stand column, and the compression roller device is installed on the longitudinal support plate (3).

[0009] The first stroke-adjustable linear reciprocating motion device and the second stroke-adjustable linear reciprocating motion device are both a crank linkage mechanism, the crank linkage mechanism comprises a linear bearing (20), a crank linkage vibration shaft (17), a crank linkage connecting rod, an amplitude adjusting block (19), a crank linkage stud (24), and a motor, the linear bearing (20) limits the crank linkage vibration shaft (17), the crank linkage vibration shaft (17) is a telescopic shaft of the crank linkage mechanism, the crank linkage vibration shaft (17) is connected with the crank linkage connecting rod through a hinge, the amplitude adjusting block (19) is a cuboid block with a linear slot in the middle, the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with the crank linkage stud (24), and the center line of the output shaft of the motor coincides with the center line of the crank linkage stud (24), the crank linkage stud (24) is rotatably connected with the crank linkage connecting rod through the linear slot of the amplitude adjusting block (19), the crank linkage stud (24) is provided with a crank linkage nut at the amplitude adjusting block (19), the crank linkage stud (24) is fixed at different positions of the amplitude adjusting block (19) by adjusting the crank linkage nut, and then the telescopic amplitude of the crank linkage vibration shaft (17) is adjusted. The upper row of wire spreading roller group guide rails comprise a guide rail fixed plate (4) fixed on the fixed support, a linear slide rail (5) fixed on the guide rail fixed plate (4), and a sliding block (6) installed on the linear slide rail (5), and the sliding block (6) is fixedly connected with the upper row of wire spreading roller group bottom plates (7).

[0010] A working method of a crank cooperative multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device, comprising the following steps: Step one, primary spreading, the fiber bundle after centering and width expansion first enters the first spreading device, in the first spreading device, the upper row of roller groups and the lower row of roller groups perform the reciprocating linear motion with a phase difference of 180° and a controllable stroke, and the lower row of wire spreading roller groups generates a periodic swing with a controllable amplitude angle of 0-15°, and the fiber bundle bears an alternating tension under the action of the upper row of roller groups and the lower row of roller groups; Step two, stress recovery, after the fiber bundle leaves the first spreading device, enters between the two parallel arranged nylon rollers of the press roller device, adjusts the gap between the two nylon rollers, compresses the interlayer gap of the fiber bundle of the two nylon rollers to 0.1-0.3mm, and simultaneously repairs the internal stress of the fiber bundle layer; Step three, secondary spreading, the fiber bundle leaves the press roller device and enters the second spreading device, the dynamic wire spreading roller group performs a periodic reciprocating swing with a controllable swing angle of 0-40°, the fiber bundle generates a periodic tension fluctuation, the fiber bundle continuously experiences a “stretching-relaxation” cycle, the adhesion between the fibers is gradually broken, the gap generated by the first spreading device due to the transverse swing can be repaired through the second spreading device, and a fiber bundle with a uniformity of more than 90% and a broken filament rate of less than 3% is obtained.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The first fiber spreading device of the present invention provides a composite motion of reciprocating linear motion with a phase difference of 180° and oscillating stroke to form a dynamic alternating tension field (stress fluctuation is controllable) in the fiber bundle, thereby improving the stress dispersion efficiency within the fiber bundle. The pressure roller device of the present invention enables the fiber bundle to obtain a suitable thickness while repairing the internal stress during the first fiber spreading process, preparing for the next fiber spreading. The second fiber spreading device of the present invention transforms the transverse gap into transverse diffusion during the first fiber spreading process, reducing energy loss. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the crank-connecting rod mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cylindrical cam of the present invention; The components include: 1. Support leg; 2. Horizontal support plate; 3. Longitudinal support plate; 4. Guide rail fixing plate; 5. Linear slide rail; 6. Slider; 7. Upper row of yarn spreading roller group base plate; 8. Upper row of roller group fixing plate; 9. Vertical frame; 10. Linear reciprocating motion fixing plate; 11. Composite vibration fixing plate; 12. Vertical bearing seat; 13. Cylindrical cam; 14. Lower row of roller group vibration shaft; 15. Coupling; 16. Connecting support plate; 17. Stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device; 18. Lower row of roller group fixing plate; 19. Amplitude adjustment block; 20. Linear shaft. 21. Fisheye connector, 22. Y-type connector, 23. I-type connector, 24. Crank connecting rod stud, 25. Parallel double shaft fixing clamp, 26. Indexing pin plunger knob, 27. Flange bearing, 28. Upper roller group thickened plate, 29. Control position threaded block, 30. Control position stud, 31. Upper roller, 32. Lower roller, 33. Moving roller fixing plate, 34. Stationary roller fixing plate, 35. Dynamic yarn spreading roller vibration shaft, 36. Stationary roller, 37. Moving roller, 38. Flange bearing, 39. Rocker arm, 40. Reciprocating swing plate, 41. Reinforcing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0013] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a crank-coordinated multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device includes a fixed support and a first spreading device, a pressure roller device, and a second spreading device arranged in sequence.

[0014] The fixed support includes legs 1, a transverse support plate 2, a longitudinal support plate 3, a vertical frame 9, a connecting support plate 16, a reinforcing plate 41 and columns. There are two transverse support plates 2 and two longitudinal support plates 3. The transverse support plate 2 and the longitudinal support plate 3 form a rectangular plane frame. There are four legs 1, which are fixedly installed at the four corners of the plane frame. The reinforcing plate 41 reinforces the legs to ensure the stability of the legs. There are two vertical frames 9 in a parallel structure, which are fixed on both sides of the longitudinal support plate 3 through the connecting support plate 16. There are four columns, and two columns are fixedly installed on each longitudinal support plate 3. The connecting lines of the vertices of the four columns form a rectangle. The first wire spreading device is installed on the vertical frame 9, the second wire spreading device is installed on the columns, and the pressing roller device is installed on the longitudinal support plate 3.

[0015] In one embodiment, the fixed support of the present invention is prepared from national standard 4080 aluminum alloy profiles (cross-section 40 mm × 80 mm, wall thickness 2 mm). Each leg is a 1 m long national standard 4080 aluminum alloy profile, the transverse support plate 2 is two 0.34 m long national standard 4080 aluminum alloy profiles, the longitudinal support plate 3 is two 1.6 m long national standard 4080 aluminum alloy profiles. The transverse support plate 2 and the longitudinal support plate 3 are welded into a rectangular frame. There are two vertical frames 9, and each vertical frame is a frame in the shape of a Chinese character 'ri'. The connecting support plate 16 has four sections, each section is 0.15 m long. The reinforcing plate 41 is two 1.52 m long national standard 4080 aluminum alloy profiles and two 0.34 m long national standard 4080 aluminum alloy profiles. Each column is a 0.34 m long 4080 aluminum alloy profile. Through finite element analysis and vibration testing (in accordance with ISO 10816-3), the vibration amplitude of the support of the present invention is suppressed to 4.8 μm (RMS value) at a working frequency of 20 Hz, and the resonance frequency is increased to 45 Hz.

[0016] The first wire spreading device includes an upper row of rollers and a lower row of rollers that perform periodic reciprocating linear motion with controllable stroke in opposite directions. The lower row of rollers performs periodic oscillating motion with controllable amplitude perpendicular to its motion direction while performing periodic reciprocating linear motion. The lower row of rollers includes two parallelly arranged lower row of roller group fixing plates 18, a lower row of roller group vibration shaft 14 fixedly connected to the two parallelly arranged lower row of roller group fixing plates 18, and 3 lower rollers 32 connected between the two parallelly arranged lower row of roller group fixing plates 18. The upper row of rollers includes an upper row of wire spreading roller group bottom plate 7, two upper row of roller group fixing plates 8, and 4 upper rollers 31 installed between the two upper row of roller group fixing plates 8. The two upper row of roller group fixing plates 8 are installed on the upper row of wire spreading roller group bottom plate 7, and the upper row of wire spreading roller group bottom plate 7 is installed on the upper row of wire spreading roller group guide rails.

[0017] The first yarn spreading device also includes a compound motion mechanism, an upper roller group vibration mechanism, and a braking device. The compound motion mechanism includes a compound vibration fixing plate 11, a linear reciprocating motion device with adjustable first stroke, a linear reciprocating motion fixing plate 10, a parallel double-axis fixing clamp 25, a cylindrical cam 13 with a curved groove on the cylindrical surface, a vertical bearing seat 12, and an indexing pin plunger knob 26.

[0018] The composite vibration fixing plate 11 is a horizontally arranged cuboid plate welded to a vertical frame. A linear reciprocating motion fixing plate 10 is vertically welded to the composite vibration fixing plate 11.

[0019] There are two vertical bearing housings 12, both of which are fixed to the composite vibration fixing plate 11. Each vertical bearing housing is a bearing housing fixed on the composite vibration fixing plate 11. Existing bearing housings can be used, which are detachably fixed to the composite vibration fixing plate 11 for fixing the cylindrical camshaft.

[0020] like Figure 4 As shown, the cylindrical cam 13 is a conventional cylindrical cam with curved grooves on its cylindrical surface. The cylindrical cam 13 is located between two vertical bearing seats 12 and mounted on a cylindrical camshaft. One end of the cylindrical camshaft passes through one vertical bearing seat and is fixedly connected to the telescopic shaft of the first stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device via a parallel double-axis fixing clamp 25. The other end of the cylindrical camshaft passes through another vertical bearing seat and is connected to the lower roller group vibration shaft 14 via a coupling 15. The upper roller group vibration mechanism includes a second stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device, a linear reciprocating motion fixing plate 10, a control position threaded block 29, and a control position stud 30. The control position threaded block 29 consists of two blocks with threaded through holes. The control position stud 30 is connected to the telescopic shaft of the second stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device. On the shaft, the control position threaded block 29 is mounted on the control position stud 30. A retaining ring is fixed at the bottom of the upper row of wire spreading roller group base plate 7. The control position stud 30 passes through the retaining ring. There is a block with a threaded through hole in front of and behind the retaining ring (the retaining ring is clamped by tightening the two blocks with threaded through holes). The movement amplitude of the upper row of wire spreading rollers is adjusted by adjusting the control position threaded block 29. The first stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device and the second stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device are stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion devices 17 with the same structure. The indexing pin plunger knob 26 is a pin fixed on the composite vibration fixing plate 11. The top of the indexing pin plunger knob 26 is located in the curved groove of the cylindrical cam 13. The cooperation between the indexing pin knob plunger 26 and the cylindrical cam 13 causes the cylindrical cam 13 to rotate during feeding or retraction.

[0021] The two ends of the upper roller are connected to the upper roller group fixing plate through flange bearings 27. One end of the upper roller extends out of the upper roller group fixing plate and is connected to a brake device fixed on the upper roller group fixing plate. The lower roller group vibration shaft 14 is connected to the upper roller group fixing plate 8 through flange bearings 27.

[0022] The second yarn spreading device includes a dynamic yarn spreading roller group and a static yarn spreading roller group. The dynamic yarn spreading roller group performs a periodic reciprocating oscillation with controllable amplitude relative to the static yarn spreading roller group. The static roller 36 of the static yarn spreading roller group includes two switchable modes: rotation and fixed.

[0023] The second yarn spreading device also includes a crank rocker arm device and a braking device. The dynamic yarn spreading roller group includes a dynamic yarn spreading roller vibration shaft 35 and two parallel moving roller fixing plates 33. Five moving rollers 37 are installed between the two parallel moving roller fixing plates 33. The dynamic yarn spreading roller vibration shaft 35 is fixedly connected to the two parallel moving roller fixing plates 33. The moving rollers 37 are connected to the moving roller fixing plates 33 through bearings. The static yarn spreading roller group includes two parallel static roller fixing plates 34 and fixes the two parallel static roller fixing plates 34. The stationary roller support has two parallel stationary roller fixing plates 34 on which six stationary rollers 36 are installed. One end of each stationary roller extends out of the stationary roller fixing plate 34 and is connected to a brake device fixed on the stationary roller fixing plate 34. The stationary rollers are connected to the stationary roller fixing plate 34 by bearings. The dynamic yarn spreading roller vibration shaft 35 is connected to the stationary roller fixing plate 34 by bearings. The rocker arm 39 of the crank rocker device and the moving roller fixing plate 33 are fixedly connected by a reciprocating swing plate 40. The dynamic yarn spreading roller vibration shaft 35 and the moving roller fixing plate 33 form an L-shaped structure.

[0024] The pressure roller device (adjustable gap pinch roller) includes a pair of parallel nylon rollers with adjustable gap. During use, the fiber bundle, after being centered and spread in width, first enters the first spreading device for spreading, then passes through the pressure roller device for pressing, and finally passes through the second spreading device for secondary spreading, resulting in spreading with controllable thickness and width.

[0025] Both the first-stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device and the second-stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device are crank-connecting rod mechanisms. The crank-connecting rod mechanism includes a linear bearing 20, a crank-connecting rod vibration shaft 17, a crank-connecting rod connecting rod, an amplitude adjustment block 19, a crank-connecting rod stud 24, and a motor. The linear bearing 20 limits the movement of the crank-connecting rod vibration shaft 17, which serves as the telescopic shaft of the crank-connecting rod mechanism. The crank-connecting rod vibration shaft 17 and the crank-connecting rod connecting rod are connected by a hinge. In one embodiment, the end of the crank-connecting rod vibration shaft 17 is an I-type connector 23, and the end of the crank-connecting rod connecting rod is a Y-type connector 22. The I-type connector 23 and the Y-type connector 22 are connected by a pin. The amplitude adjustment block 19 is a cuboid block with a straight slit in the middle. The output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the crank connecting rod stud 24, and the center line of the motor output shaft coincides with the center line of the crank connecting rod stud 24. The crank connecting rod stud 24 passes through the straight slit of the amplitude adjustment block 19 and is rotatably connected to the crank connecting rod connecting rod (connected by fisheye joint 21). A crank connecting rod nut is installed at the amplitude adjustment block 19 of the crank connecting rod stud 24. By adjusting the crank connecting rod nut, the crank connecting rod stud 24 is fixed at different positions of the amplitude adjustment block 19, thereby realizing the adjustment of the extension and retraction amplitude of the crank connecting rod vibration shaft 17. The upper row of yarn spreading roller group guide rail includes a guide rail fixing plate 4 fixed on a fixed bracket, a linear slide rail 5 fixed on the guide rail fixing plate 4, and a slider 6 installed on the linear slide rail 5. The slider 6 is fixedly connected to the upper row of yarn spreading roller group base plate 7.

[0026] A method for operating a crank-assisted multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device includes the following steps: Step 1: First-time fiber spreading. After centering and width spreading, the fiber bundle first enters the first fiber spreading device. In the first fiber spreading device, the upper and lower roller groups perform reciprocating linear motion with a controllable stroke and a phase difference of 180°. At the same time, the lower fiber spreading roller group generates periodic oscillation with a controllable amplitude angle of 0-15°. The fiber bundle is subjected to alternating tension under the action of the upper and lower roller groups. Step 2: Stress recovery. After the fiber bundle leaves the first spreading device, it enters between two parallel nylon rollers of the pressure roller device. The gap between the two nylon rollers is adjusted to compress the interlayer gap of the fiber bundle between the two nylon rollers to 0.1-0.3mm, while repairing the internal stress of the fiber bundle layer. Step 3: Secondary fiber spreading. The fiber bundle leaves the pressure roller device and enters the second fiber spreading device. The dynamic fiber spreading roller group makes a periodic reciprocating swing with an adjustable swing angle of 0-40°. The fiber bundle generates periodic tension fluctuations and continuously undergoes the "stretch-relaxation" cycle, gradually breaking the adhesion between fibers. The second fiber spreading device can repair the gap caused by the lateral swing of the first fiber spreading device, resulting in a fiber bundle with a uniformity of over 90% and a breakage rate of less than 3%.

[0027] This invention solves the problems of single motion mode and poor fiber spreading uniformity in traditional equipment. In the first fiber spreading stage of this invention, a dual-source collaborative drive is adopted. Through a composite mechanical field and a oscillating dynamic field with a 180° phase difference, low fiber damage and high-efficiency fiber spreading are achieved. The fiber spreading adaptable to various conditions is achieved through controllable stroke and amplitude. In the first fiber spreading stage of this invention, the stroke of the reciprocating linear motion is ±50mm, the inclination angle of the cylindrical cam groove is 15°-30°, the lower roller group generates a periodic oscillation of 0-15°, and the upper roller group and the lower roller group form a relative linear motion with a 180° phase difference. The amplitude is continuously adjusted by the slider structure of the crank rocker (in one embodiment, the scale division value is 0.5mm).

[0028] The second yarn spreading device uses a crank-rocker mechanism to drive the moving rollers. The motor drives the crank to rotate, which is converted into the force of the reciprocating swing plate through the rocker, so that the lower roller group can perform an adjustable swing motion from 0 to 40°, and the swing angle is controllable.

[0029] Prior to this invention, a U-shaped groove guide roller was installed at the fiber inlet end on the fiber transport path. Its 90° opening angle and polyurethane lining could control the fiber position offset to ≤0.3mm.

[0030] The present invention provides a mechanical double nylon roller pressing mechanism (pressing device) between the two filament spreading devices. In one embodiment, the upper roller achieves vertical displacement by driving the adjusting screw (1mm pitch) with a handwheel, compressing the interlayer gap to a precise range of 0.1-0.3mm, effectively eliminating the width shrinkage caused by the traction direction component force.

[0031] The working method of this invention consists of four coordinated steps: Step 1, dynamic centering, where the fiber bundle is corrected to its initial position by a U-groove roller to eliminate the risk of edge wrinkles (previously this invention); Step 2, composite fiber spreading, where a brushless motor drives a crank connecting rod to make the upper and lower roller groups reciprocate with an amplitude of ±50mm at a phase difference of 180°, while the lower roller group oscillates at 0-15°, and the fiber completes the initial widening in an alternating tension field; Step 3, width maintenance, where a compression gap of 0.1-0.3mm forms a slip-free clamping as the fiber passes through the pressure roller area, ensuring the stability of the fiber spreading section width; Step 4, oscillating fiber spreading, where a crank rocker drives a moving roller to reciprocate at an oscillation angle of 0-40°—when the roller moves outward, it stretches the fiber to reduce inter-filament friction, and when it returns to its original position, the tension is released to promote lateral diffusion, breaking the fiber adhesion through a continuous "stretch-relaxation" cycle.

[0032] The synergistic mechanism is manifested in the combined effect of reciprocating linear motion and oscillation with a phase difference of 180°, which forms a dynamic alternating tension field (stress fluctuation range ±15cN) in the fiber bundle, thereby improving the internal stress dispersion efficiency by 70%. The transverse gap generated during the composite fiber spreading stage is actively converted into effective spreading energy during the oscillating fiber spreading stage, reducing energy loss by 32%.

[0033] In one embodiment, the crank connecting rod amplitude is adjusted by an amplitude adjustment block and a scale indicator, with an amplitude variation range of 0-40mm; the crank rocker arm swing angle is controlled by an integrated angle positioning plate and a spring locking pin, with a graduation value of 1°; the pressure roller gap is precisely adjusted by an M12 fine thread screw (1mm pitch), with a gap change of 0.05mm corresponding to a 18° rotation of the handwheel.

[0034] The support exhibits outstanding vibration suppression performance: the triangular mechanical distribution of the frustum-shaped aluminum alloy structure suppresses vibration amplitude under 20Hz conditions to within 5 μm (compliant with ISO 10816-3 standard). The electromagnetic clutch switching response time is ≤0.2s, and the roller speed is controlled by a PID closed-loop system in rotation mode, generating a normal locking force of ≥150N in fixed mode. The final output fiber bundle has a uniformity >90%, a breakage rate <3%, and a width ratio of 3-5 times. This solution overcomes the limitations of rigid adjustment in traditional equipment, providing technical support for the preparation of high-performance composite materials in the aerospace field.

[0035] In one embodiment: Before the first fiber spreading, the carbon fiber bundle first enters a U-shaped groove guide roller. This roller has a precise 90° opening angle and a high-elastic polyurethane liner, which strictly limits the initial positional deviation of the fiber bundle to within 0.3 mm, completely eliminating the risk of edge wrinkles or stress concentration caused by entry deviation, and laying a perfect centering foundation for subsequent multi-stage fiber spreading.

[0036] Entering the composite fiber spreading stage of the first fiber spreading device, the brushless AC motor of the starting device is activated, driving the adjustable amplitude crank-connecting rod mechanism. Driven by the crank-connecting rod, the upper and lower roller groups perform reciprocating linear motion with a strict 180° phase difference—as the upper roller group moves downstream like a boat going against the current, the lower roller group moves upstream like a raft going downstream, creating a strong alternating tension field. The amplitude in this stage is set to 30 mm (adjusted via amplitude adjustment block 19). Simultaneously, the inclined cylindrical cam 13 in the composite motion mechanism (with an adjustable inclined angle of 15° and 25°) drives the lower roller group to oscillate periodically at 10° under the drive of the indexing pin helical plunger 26. Under the synergistic effect of this triple mechanical field (upper and lower reverse stretching, and lower row oscillation kneading), the carbon fiber bundle is as if being combed by countless skillful hands with precise rhythm. The bonding force between the monofilaments is efficiently and gently weakened, achieving initial widening with a uniform width of approximately 18 mm, and significantly optimizing the internal stress distribution.

[0037] After leaving the first spreading device, the fiber bundle immediately enters the critical width maintenance and shaping area—the mechanical double nylon roller clamping device. By turning the handwheel, the M12 fine-pitch adjusting screw (1 mm pitch) is driven, causing the upper nylon roller to move precisely downward, compressing the interlayer gap between the upper and lower nylon rollers to 0.2 mm. This precise gap creates a strong, slip-free clamping force, effectively counteracting the component force in the traction direction, firmly suppressing the width shrinkage rate of the fiber bundle to below 2%, ensuring that the initial widening results are firmly maintained, and providing a stable width reference for the next stage of more intensive widening operations.

[0038] The fiber bundle then enters the oscillating spreading stage of the second spreading device, which is the core step in achieving the final ultra-wide and uniform target. The brushless motor of this device drives a crank-rocker mechanism, causing the moving roller 37 to oscillate at a 35° angle (precisely locked by a dial positioning pin) at high speed. When the moving roller 37 oscillates outward (deviating from its initial neutral position), the carbon fiber bundle is locally and instantaneously stretched, significantly weakening the lateral static friction between the filaments. When the moving roller returns to its original position inward, the tension within the fiber bundle is temporarily released, and the filaments, driven by inertia and inter-fiber repulsion, gain lateral diffusion space. This continuous cycle of "dynamic stretching-instantaneous relaxation" constantly breaks down residual inter-filament adhesion, making the fibers easier to spread laterally. Furthermore, this stage actively utilizes the tiny gaps generated by the oscillation of the lower rollers in the first spreading stage, efficiently converting them into spreading energy, avoiding ineffective mechanical energy loss, and resulting in a significant improvement in spreading efficiency.

[0039] Intelligent switching of roller group operating modes is a key design feature for low-damage carbon fiber processing. In the second yarn spreading device, the upper row of rollers (stationary rollers) achieves one-button switching between "rotation" and "fixed" modes via an integrated electromagnetic clutch. Addressing the slippage characteristic of high-modulus carbon fibers, the stationary roller 36 adopts a "fixed mode" during the main spreading stroke—the electromagnetic clutch is de-energized, and the internal mechanical latches instantly (response time ≤ 0.2 seconds) lock the roller surface, forming a high-friction shaping surface (providing a normal locking force ≥ 150N), effectively promoting inter-filament slippage and diffusion. The system only switches to "rotation mode" (0-500 rpm PID closed-loop control) during equipment startup, low-speed debugging, or specific process requirements, minimizing frictional heat damage. This on-demand dynamic switching capability solves the slippage or stress concentration problems caused by the rigid modes of traditional equipment.

[0040] Based on the fineness of different carbon fiber bundles and the characteristics of the impregnating agent, the relative positions of the roller groups are adjusted in real time: vertical (Z-axis) adjustment mainly changes the wrap angle of the fibers on the roller surface, affecting the contact arc length and pressure distribution; horizontal (X / Y-axis) adjustment can optimize the fiber introduction / exit angle and tension path between the roller groups. For example, appropriately increasing the Z-axis height of the lower roller can increase the wrap angle and enhance the holding force for high-density carbon fibers; fine-tuning the X-axis position can balance the tension on both sides and prevent deviation. This spatial freedom opens up a wide range of possibilities for process optimization.

[0041] Both the core drive and adjustment mechanisms adopt a highly reliable pure mechanical design, avoiding parameter drift during operation.

[0042] Rigorous testing has demonstrated the superior performance of this invention: an initial 6 mm wide T800 carbon fiber bundle, after two-stage synergistic spreading, stably expands to an average width of 30.2 mm, with a spreading ratio exceeding 5 times, and a width fluctuation standard deviation of less than 0.4 mm, maintaining a uniformity index of over 93%. Simultaneously, under such drastic morphological changes, the device still achieves ultra-low fiber damage—the fiber breakage rate is firmly controlled within 2.7%, far lower than the over 8% level of traditional equipment. This is attributed to the dynamic alternating tension field constructed by the 180° phase difference motion and periodic oscillation (stress fluctuation peak controlled within ±15 cN), which improves the internal stress dispersion efficiency by 70%, and the continuous optimization of fiber contact state through precise mechanical adjustment.

[0043] This embodiment fully verifies the breakthrough advantages of the crank-coordinated multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading equipment in the field of carbon fiber processing. Through its innovative dual-crank coordinated drive architecture, multi-dimensional precision adjustment system, and dynamic mode switching function, it successfully solves two major industry pain points in high-strength fiber spreading: poor uniformity and high damage rate. A stable spreading ratio of up to 5 times, a uniformity of 93%, and a fiber breakage rate of less than 3% not only significantly improve the consistency of prepreg quality but also reduce the manufacturing cost of high-performance composite materials, providing reliable technical equipment support for the urgent needs of aerospace and other fields for ultra-thin, wide-width carbon fiber prepreg tapes.

Claims

1. A crank-assisted multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device, characterized in that: The device includes a fixed support and a first yarn spreading device, a pressure roller device, and a second yarn spreading device arranged in sequence. The first yarn spreading device includes an upper roller group and a lower roller group that perform periodic reciprocating linear motions with controllable stroke in opposite directions. The lower roller group performs periodic reciprocating linear motions while also oscillating with controllable amplitude perpendicular to its direction of motion. The lower roller group includes two parallel lower roller group fixing plates (18), a lower roller group vibration shaft (14) fixedly connected to the two parallel lower roller group fixing plates (18), and two or more lower rollers (32) connected between the two parallel lower roller group fixing plates (18). The upper roller group includes an upper yarn spreading roller group base plate (7), two upper roller group fixing plates (8), and a base plate installed on the two upper roller group fixing plates. Two or more upper rollers (31) are placed between the fixed plates (8). Two upper roller group fixing plates (8) are installed on the upper row spreading roller group base plate (7). The upper row spreading roller group base plate (7) is installed on the upper row spreading roller group guide rail. The second spreading device includes a dynamic spreading roller group and a static spreading roller group. The dynamic spreading roller group performs a periodic reciprocating oscillation with controllable amplitude relative to the static spreading roller group. The static roller (36) of the static spreading roller group includes two switchable modes: rotation and fixed. The pressure roller device includes a pair of parallel nylon rollers with adjustable spacing. During use, after centering and width expansion, the fiber bundle first enters the first spreading device for spreading, then is pressed by the pressure roller device, and finally is spread a second time by the second spreading device to obtain spreading with controllable thickness and width.

2. The crank-coordinated multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first yarn spreading device also includes a compound motion mechanism, an upper roller group vibration mechanism, and a braking device. The compound motion mechanism includes a compound vibration fixing plate (11), a first stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device, a linear reciprocating motion fixing plate (10), a parallel double-axis fixing clamp (25), a cylindrical cam (13) with a curved groove on its cylindrical surface, a vertical bearing seat (12), and an indexing pin plunger knob (26). There are two vertical bearing seats (12), both of which are fixed to the compound vibration fixing plate (11). The cylindrical cam (13) is located at... Between two vertical bearing seats (12), a cylindrical cam (13) is mounted on a cylindrical camshaft. One end of the cylindrical camshaft passes through one vertical bearing seat and is fixedly connected to the telescopic shaft of the first stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device via a parallel double-axis fixing clamp (25). The other end of the cylindrical camshaft passes through another vertical bearing seat and is connected to the lower roller group vibration shaft (14) via a coupling (15). The upper roller group vibration mechanism includes a second stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device, a linear reciprocating motion fixing plate (10), and a control position. The threaded block (29) and the control position stud (30) are two block-shaped objects with threaded through holes. The control position stud (30) is connected to the telescopic shaft of the second stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device. The control position threaded block (29) is mounted on the control position stud (30). A retaining ring is fixed at the bottom of the upper row of wire spreading roller group base plate (7). The control position stud (30) passes through the retaining ring. There is a block-shaped object with threaded through holes in front of and behind the retaining ring. By adjusting the control position threaded block (29), the control position stud (30) can be adjusted to achieve the desired effect. 29) Adjust the motion amplitude of the upper row of yarn spreading rollers. The first stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device and the second stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device are the same stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device (17). The indexing pin plunger knob (26) is a pin fixed on the composite vibration fixing plate (11). The top of the indexing pin plunger knob (26) is in the curved groove of the cylindrical cam (13). The cooperation between the indexing pin knob plunger (26) and the cylindrical cam (13) causes the cylindrical cam (13) to rotate during feeding or retraction.

3. The crank-coordinated multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the upper roller are connected to the upper roller group fixing plate by bearings. One end of the upper roller extends out of the upper roller group fixing plate and is connected to a brake device fixed on the upper roller group fixing plate. The lower roller group vibration shaft (14) is connected to the upper roller group fixing plate (8) by bearings.

4. The crank-coordinated multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second yarn spreading device also includes a crank rocker device and a braking device. The dynamic yarn spreading roller group includes a dynamic yarn spreading roller vibration shaft (35) and two parallel moving roller fixing plates (33). Two or more moving rollers (37) are installed between the two parallel moving roller fixing plates (33). The dynamic yarn spreading roller vibration shaft (35) is fixedly connected to the two parallel moving roller fixing plates (33). The moving rollers (37) are connected to the moving roller fixing plates (33) through bearings. The static yarn spreading roller group includes two parallel static roller fixing plates (34) and a mechanism for fixing the two parallel static roller fixing plates (34). The stationary roller support has two parallel stationary roller fixing plates (34) on which two or more stationary rollers (36) are installed. One end of the stationary roller extends out of the stationary roller fixing plate (34) and is connected to a brake device fixed on the stationary roller fixing plate (34). The stationary roller and the stationary roller fixing plate (34) are connected by bearings. The dynamic yarn spreading roller vibration shaft (35) and the stationary roller fixing plate (34) are connected by bearings. The rocker arm (39) of the crank rocker device and the moving roller fixing plate (33) are fixedly connected by a reciprocating swing plate (40). The dynamic yarn spreading roller vibration shaft (35) and the moving roller fixing plate (33) form an L-shaped structure.

5. The crank-coordinated multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed support includes legs (1), a transverse support plate (2), a longitudinal support plate (3), a vertical frame (9), a connecting support plate (16), a reinforcing plate (41), and columns. There are two transverse support plates (2) and two longitudinal support plates (3). The transverse support plates (2) and the longitudinal support plates (3) form a rectangular planar frame. There are four legs (1) and they are fixedly installed at the four corners of the planar frame. The reinforcing plate (41) reinforces the legs to ensure their stability. There are two parallel structures in the vertical frame (9) and they are fixed to both sides of the longitudinal support plate (3) by the connecting support plate (16). There are four columns and two columns are fixed on the longitudinal support plate (3) of each frame. The vertices of the four columns form a rectangle. The first yarn spreading device is installed on the vertical frame (9), the second yarn spreading device is installed on the columns, and the pressure roller device is installed on the longitudinal support plate (3).

6. The crank-coordinated multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first-stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device and the second-stroke adjustable linear reciprocating motion device are crank-connecting rod mechanisms. The crank-connecting rod mechanism includes a linear bearing (20), a crank-connecting rod vibration shaft (17), a crank-connecting rod connecting rod, an amplitude adjustment block (19), a crank-connecting rod stud (24), and a motor. The linear bearing (20) limits the crank-connecting rod vibration shaft (17). The crank-connecting rod vibration shaft (17) is the telescopic shaft of the crank-connecting rod mechanism. The crank-connecting rod vibration shaft (17) and the crank-connecting rod connecting rod are connected by a hinge. The amplitude adjustment block (19)... The motor is a cuboid block with a straight seam in the middle. The output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the crank connecting rod stud (24), and the center line of the output shaft of the motor coincides with the center line of the crank connecting rod stud (24). The crank connecting rod stud (24) passes through the straight seam of the amplitude adjustment block (19) and is rotatably connected to the crank connecting rod connecting rod. A crank connecting rod nut is installed at the amplitude adjustment block (19) of the crank connecting rod stud (24). By adjusting the crank connecting rod nut, the crank connecting rod stud (24) is fixed at different positions of the amplitude adjustment block (19), thereby realizing the adjustment of the extension and retraction amplitude of the crank connecting rod vibration shaft (17).

7. The crank-coordinated multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper row of yarn spreading rollers guide rail includes a guide rail fixing plate (4) fixed on a fixed bracket, a linear slide rail (5) fixed on the guide rail fixing plate (4), and a slider (6) installed on the linear slide rail (5). The slider (6) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate (7) of the upper row of yarn spreading rollers.

8. A method for operating the crank-coordinated multi-degree-of-freedom fiber spreading device as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: First-time fiber spreading. After centering and width spreading, the fiber bundle first enters the first fiber spreading device. In the first fiber spreading device, the upper and lower roller groups perform reciprocating linear motion with a controllable stroke and a phase difference of 180°. At the same time, the lower fiber spreading roller group generates periodic oscillation with a controllable amplitude angle of 0-15°. The fiber bundle is subjected to alternating tension under the action of the upper and lower roller groups. Step 2: Stress recovery. After the fiber bundle leaves the first spreading device, it enters between two parallel nylon rollers of the pressure roller device. The gap between the two nylon rollers is adjusted to compress the interlayer gap of the fiber bundle between the two nylon rollers to 0.1-0.3mm, while repairing the internal stress of the fiber bundle layer. Step 3: Secondary fiber spreading. The fiber bundle leaves the pressure roller device and enters the second fiber spreading device. The dynamic fiber spreading roller group makes a periodic reciprocating swing with an adjustable swing angle of 0-40°. The fiber bundle generates periodic tension fluctuations and continuously undergoes the "stretch-relaxation" cycle, gradually breaking the adhesion between fibers. The second fiber spreading device can repair the gap caused by the lateral swing of the first fiber spreading device, resulting in a fiber bundle with a uniformity of over 90% and a breakage rate of less than 3%.

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