Geological drilling rock core automatic marking and filing system and method

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic marking and filing system and method for geological drilling rock cores. The system comprises a drilling fluid circulation pipeline, a drilling fluid pool, a drilling fluid conveying pump and an electric control system integrated in an electric control cabinet. The electric control system comprises a main controller, and a density sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a liquid level sensor, a stirring device, an automatic calibration unit and a display module which are electrically connected with the main controller. The main controller receives signals of the sensor, judges whether the density is abnormal or not after compensation and correction, starts calibration or adjusts the stirring device when the density is abnormal, and can achieve remote monitoring and early warning through wireless communication. The problems that traditional monitoring is low in efficiency and poor in precision, and frequent manual calibration is needed are solved, and the method is suitable for various drilling operations.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geological drilling, in particular to a geological drilling core automatic marking and archiving system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In drilling operations, stable control of drilling fluid density is the core link to ensure operation safety. High density is easy to cause lost circulation and damage reservoirs, and low density may lead to blowout and other serious accidents. Traditional drilling fluid density monitoring relies on manual operation. Workers need to collect drilling fluid samples from circulating pipelines or drilling fluid tanks regularly and use glass density meters or electronic density meters for detection. This method is not only inefficient, but also has obvious time lag. It takes several minutes from sampling to obtaining test results, and the drilling fluid density may have changed significantly during this period. Especially in complex operation scenarios such as deep wells and horizontal wells, manual sampling is difficult, and the sampling frequency is difficult to meet the real-time monitoring requirements, which may cause safety hazards due to delayed detection of abnormal density. At the same time, the detection results are greatly affected by subjective factors such as the experience of the operator and the representativeness of the sample. The detection data of different personnel and different sampling locations may be biased, and accurate basis for drilling parameter adjustment cannot be provided.

[0003] With the application of automation technology in the field of drilling, some drilling equipment has begun to be equipped with simple drilling fluid density monitoring devices. However, the existing equipment still has many technical limitations. On the one hand, most devices only rely on a single density sensor to collect data, without considering the influence of drilling fluid temperature and circulating pipeline pressure on density detection results. Temperature changes will cause the volume of drilling fluid to expand or shrink, and pressure fluctuations will change the compressibility of drilling fluid, both of which will make the density detection value deviate from the actual value, but there is no corresponding automatic compensation mechanism to ensure detection accuracy. On the other hand, existing devices generally lack intelligent calibration function. The sensor may drift after long-term use and needs to be sent to the laboratory for calibration after being disassembled regularly. This not only requires downtime and increases idle time of the equipment, but also requires professional personnel to operate, resulting in high maintenance cost. In addition, some devices have no remote monitoring and abnormal warning capability. Workers need to be on site to master the density change, which cannot respond to sudden density abnormalities in time, and it is also difficult to systematically analyze historical data, which is not conducive to the optimization of subsequent drilling operation parameters and the accumulation of experience. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above technical deficiencies, the present application aims to provide a geological drilling core automatic marking and archiving system and method to solve the problems of low efficiency, poor accuracy and frequent manual calibration of traditional monitoring.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The application discloses a geological drilling core automatic marking and archiving system, which is used on a geological drilling device and comprises a core conveying mechanism, a core storage rack which is connected with the end of the core conveying mechanism, a control cabinet which is installed on the side of a drilling platform and is integrated with an electric control system; the electric control system comprises a main controller, a core identification module, an automatic marking device, a position sensing module and a display module which are electrically connected with the main controller.

[0007] The core identification module is installed on a middle section detection station of the core conveying mechanism and comprises an image acquisition unit and a size measurement sensor, which are used for collecting the lithological image, length and diameter data of the core in real time.

[0008] The automatic marking device is fixed at the end outlet of the core conveying mechanism, and the marking end thereof is opposite to the core axis direction, so as to apply physical marking or electronic marking to the surface of the core.

[0009] The position sensing module is uniformly distributed in each layer of storage compartments of the core storage rack and is used for detecting the actual placement position of the core in the storage rack.

[0010] The main controller receives the detection signals of the core identification module and the position sensing module, and if it is determined that the core information is complete and the storage position is matched, the automatic marking device is controlled to perform the marking operation, the core conveying mechanism is driven to convey the marked core to the corresponding storage compartment, and the core information, the marking result and the storage position data are displayed on the display module.

[0011] Preferably, the electric control system further comprises a core information acquisition module which is electrically connected with the main controller, is installed on a conveying mechanism support beside the core identification module and is attached to the outer surface of the core; the core information acquisition module comprises a hardness detection sensor and a component rapid analysis unit, is used for collecting the surface hardness data and the main mineral component information of the core and transmitting the collected information to the main controller; the main controller combines the image and size data of the core identification module and the hardness and component data of the core information acquisition module to generate a unique core identity code, the code comprises a drilling depth, a collection time, a lithological category, a hardness value and a component feature, and the code is transmitted to the automatic marking device synchronously as core information of the marking content.

[0012] Preferably, the automatic marking device comprises a laser marking unit and an RFID electronic tag writing unit; the marking head of the laser marking unit is fixed on the top of the conveying mechanism by an adjusting support and can move along the axial direction of the core for etching a unique identity code on the surface of the core; the RFID electronic tag writing unit is installed beside the laser marking unit, and the label issuing port thereof faces the sidewall of the core, so that the RFID tag pre-stored with the identity code of the core can be pasted on the designated position of the core; the main controller controls the etching depth of the laser marking unit and the label pasting pressure of the RFID writing unit to ensure the clarity and firmness of the mark; after the marking is completed, the automatic marking device also takes a picture of the marked area by the built-in visual detection unit and transmits the image to the main controller, which compares the standard marking template to determine whether the marking is qualified.

[0013] Preferably, the core storage rack is also provided with a temperature and humidity sensor and an automatic ventilation unit electrically connected with the main controller; the temperature and humidity sensor is embedded in the inner wall of each layer of storage compartments for real-time detection of the temperature and relative humidity of the core storage environment; the automatic ventilation unit comprises a ventilation fan installed on the top of the storage rack and an adjusting damper on the side, which are electrically connected with the main controller; when the main controller determines that the temperature and humidity exceed the preset storage range, it will control the ventilation fan to start and adjust the damper opening degree, and at the same time, an environmental warning prompt will be popped up through the display module; in addition, the core storage rack is also provided with an automatic handling mechanical arm electrically connected with the main controller, the guide rail of which is laid along the length direction of the storage rack, and the clamping unit at the end of the mechanical arm can adapt to cores of different diameters; the main controller can control the mechanical arm to carry the core from the end of the conveying mechanism to the designated storage compartment according to the signal of the position sensing module.

[0014] Preferably, the electric control system further comprises a wireless communication module and a storage module electrically connected with the main controller; the wireless communication module is fixed on the top of the control cabinet by a waterproof support and supports dual-mode communication of industrial Ethernet and 5G network, and can establish connection with the server of the remote geological data center and the mobile terminal of the on-site workers; the main controller uploads the core identity code, detection data, marking result, storage position and environmental temperature and humidity data to the remote server every 30 minutes through the wireless communication module; the storage module adopts an industrial-grade solid state disk installed inside the control cabinet by an anti-vibration support for locally storing all data and supporting export of historical data through the USB interface; when the system fails to mark, the core position deviates or the sensor fails, the main controller will push an alarm information to the mobile terminal through the wireless communication module, and the worker can remotely send instructions to adjust the system state.

[0015] A geological drilling core automatic marking and archiving method, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step one: system initialization, the staff sets the temperature and humidity threshold of core storage, core size detection accuracy, automatic marking parameters and data upload period through the display module, the main controller starts the self-check of the core recognition module, automatic marking device and position sensing module, if the self-check is passed, it enters standby state, if there is a fault, it alarms in the display module;

[0017] Step two: core information collection and recognition, the geological drilling equipment delivers the core to the conveying mechanism, the image acquisition unit of the core recognition module shoots the core surface image, the size measurement sensor detects the core length and diameter, the core information collection module synchronously detects the core hardness and mineral composition, all data are transmitted to the main controller, and the main controller generates a unique core identity code;

[0018] Step three: automatic marking and verification, the main controller sends a marking instruction to the automatic marking device, the laser coding unit etches the identity code on the core surface, the RFID writing unit pastes the electronic tag, after marking, the visual detection unit shoots the marking image and transmits it to the main controller, the main controller compares the standard template to determine whether the marking is qualified, if qualified, it enters the next step, if not, it controls the automatic marking device to re-mark;

[0019] Step four: core archiving and position confirmation, the main controller allocates the storage rack storage compartment according to the core identity code, controls the automatic handling mechanical arm to carry the core from the conveying mechanism to the specified storage compartment, the position sensing module detects whether the core is in place, if in place, it records the storage position, if not, it adjusts the mechanical arm carrying posture to re-place;

[0020] Step five: data recording and monitoring, the main controller stores the core full data to the local storage module, and uploads it to the remote server according to the preset period, at the same time, it monitors the storage environment temperature and humidity in real time, if it exceeds the threshold, it controls the automatic ventilation unit to adjust the environment, if there is an abnormality, it triggers the alarm;

[0021] Step six: later maintenance and data calling, the staff can check the core storage state through the display module or mobile terminal, when historical data needs to be called, the storage module data is exported through the USB interface, or the data is downloaded from the remote server for geological analysis.

[0022] Preferably, the core information collection and recognition in step two further includes lithology classification judgment, the main controller compares the core surface image obtained by the image acquisition unit with the built-in lithology image database, combines the mineral composition data of the composition rapid analysis unit, automatically determines the lithology category of the core, and writes the category information into the core identity code; if the lithology similarity is lower than 80%, the main controller will prompt the lithology to be confirmed in the display module, and the staff can manually input the lithology information to complete the identity code.

[0023] Preferably, the automatic marking and verification in step three further comprises RFID tag data verification, after marking is completed, the main controller reads the identity code stored in the tag memory through the RFID reading unit, and compares it with the generated core identity code, if they are consistent, it is determined that the electronic marking is qualified, if they are not consistent, the tag data is cleared and rewritten; during laser etching verification, the main controller detects the character clarity through image recognition algorithm, if the character clarity is less than 90%, it is determined that the physical marking is unqualified, and the laser power needs to be adjusted before etching.

[0024] Preferably, the core archiving and position confirmation in step four further comprises storage location optimization, the main controller is built-in with a storage compartment allocation algorithm, which will preferentially allocate cores of the same drilling depth and lithology to adjacent storage compartments, and avoid storage compartments with large temperature and humidity fluctuations; the position sensing module adopts dual detection of infrared positioning and pressure sensing, the infrared sensor detects whether the core is in the center position of the storage compartment, and the pressure sensor detects the contact pressure of the core and the bottom of the storage compartment, and both dual detection are qualified to determine the position confirmation.

[0025] Preferably, step five further comprises an abnormal handling mechanism: if the automatic ventilation unit still cannot return to the preset range after adjusting the temperature and humidity for 30 minutes, the main controller will control the heating / cooling unit of each layer of the storage rack to start, and at the same time, push an environmental emergency warning to the mobile terminal; if the core is still not in place after 3 times of transportation, the main controller will control the conveying mechanism to pause operation to avoid damage to the core, and after the staff on-site troubleshoots the mechanical arm fault, sends a recovery operation instruction through the display module, and the system re-executes the transportation and archiving process.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the system has the following advantages:

[0027] The system can correct the original density value in combination with temperature and pressure data, effectively eliminate the interference of the compressibility change caused by the volume fluctuation and pressure fluctuation of the drilling fluid due to temperature change on the detection result, and ensure that the density data truly reflects the actual state of the drilling fluid, thereby providing accurate basis for drilling parameter adjustment.

[0028] The system does not need manual disassembly of the sensor, the main controller can automatically trigger the calibration process at a preset period, or manually start by the operator through the display module, the standard density liquid can directly flow into the detection section of the density sensor to complete the deviation comparison and parameter calibration, thereby avoiding the operation interruption caused by shutdown calibration, reducing the cost of manual intervention, and ensuring continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

[0029] When the main controller determines that the drilling fluid density fluctuates or may be layered, the stirring device can be driven to adjust the operating speed, so that the drilling fluid is fully mixed in the circulating pipeline and the drilling fluid pool, thereby avoiding local density unevenness caused by the settlement of solid particles and the stratification of liquid phase of the drilling fluid, and ensuring that the data collected by the density sensor is representative, thereby further improving the monitoring reliability.

[0030] The operator does not need to be on site for continuous value, can view the density, temperature, pressure and other data in real time through the remote monitoring center server or mobile terminal, when the system has density anomaly, sensor failure and other conditions, the alarm information can be timely pushed to the terminal, so as to facilitate the rapid development of coping strategies, even can send control instructions remotely to start calibration or adjust the equipment state, reduce the field operation and maintenance pressure.

[0031] The storage module can record all running data and operation logs for a long time, so as to facilitate the later tracing of the density change trend, analysis of the fault inducement, and provision of a data basis for optimizing the drilling fluid formula and adjusting the operation parameters; the abnormal early warning module can identify potential problems such as drilling fluid composition abnormality or pipeline blockage in advance by analyzing the density change rate and fluctuation amplitude, and timely trigger early warning, so as to reserve sufficient processing time for the staff and avoid risk expansion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The structure block diagram of the system of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0033] Figure 2 The flow chart of the method of the present application is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings.

[0035] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , a geological drilling core automatic marking and archiving system is used on a geological drilling device, the geological drilling device comprises a core conveying mechanism, a core storage rack which is butted at the end of the core conveying mechanism, and a control cabinet which is installed on the side of the drilling platform and has an electric control system integrated thereon; the electric control system comprises a main controller, and a core recognition module, an automatic marking device, a position sensing module and a display module which are electrically connected with the main controller respectively;

[0036] The core recognition module is installed at a middle detection station of the core conveying mechanism, and comprises an image acquisition unit and a size measurement sensor, and is used for acquiring the lithology image, length and diameter data of the core in real time;

[0037] The automatic marking device is fixed at the end outlet of the core conveying mechanism, and its marking end is opposite to the core axis direction, and is used for applying physical marking or electronic marking to the surface of the core;

[0038] The position sensing module is uniformly distributed in each storage compartment of the core storage rack, and is used for detecting the actual placement position of the core in the storage rack;

[0039] The main controller receives detection signals of the core identification module and the position sensing module, and if it is determined that the core information is complete and the storage position matches, the main controller controls the automatic marking device to perform marking operation, and drives the core conveying mechanism to convey the marked core to the corresponding storage compartment, and displays the core information, marking result and storage position data on the display module.

[0040] Further, the electric control system further comprises a core information acquisition module electrically connected with the main controller, which is installed on the conveying mechanism support beside the core identification module, and the data acquisition end is attached to the outer surface of the core; the core information acquisition module comprises a hardness detection sensor and a composition rapid analysis unit, which are used to acquire the surface hardness data and main mineral composition information of the core, and transmit the acquired information to the main controller; the main controller generates a unique core identity code in combination with the image and size data of the core identification module and the hardness and composition data of the core information acquisition module, which contains drilling depth, acquisition time, lithology category, hardness value and composition characteristics, and the code is transmitted to the automatic marking device synchronously as the core of the marking content.

[0041] Further, the automatic marking device comprises a laser coding unit and an RFID electronic tag writing unit; the coding head of the laser coding unit is fixed on the upper side of the end of the conveying mechanism through an adjusting support, and can move along the axial direction of the core, and is used to etch a unique identity code on the surface of the core; the RFID electronic tag writing unit is installed beside the laser coding unit, and the label issuing port thereof faces the side wall of the core, and can paste the RFID tag pre-stored with the core identity code at a specified position of the core; the main controller controls the etching depth of the laser coding unit and the label pasting pressure of the RFID writing unit to ensure the clarity and firmness of the marking; after the marking is completed, the automatic marking device also shoots the marking area through the built-in visual detection unit, and transmits the image to the main controller, and the main controller compares with the standard marking template to determine whether the marking is qualified.

[0042] Further, the core storage rack further comprises a temperature and humidity sensor and an automatic ventilation unit electrically connected with the main controller, the temperature and humidity sensor is embedded in the inner wall of each storage compartment, and is used to detect the temperature and relative humidity of the core storage environment in real time; the automatic ventilation unit comprises a ventilation fan installed on the top of the storage rack and an adjusting damper on the side, and is electrically connected with the main controller; when the main controller determines that the temperature and humidity exceed the preset storage range, the main controller controls the ventilation fan to start and adjusts the opening degree of the damper, and at the same time, an environmental warning prompt is popped up on the display module; in addition, the core storage rack is also provided with an automatic handling mechanical arm electrically connected with the main controller, the guide rail of which is laid along the length direction of the storage rack, and the clamping unit at the end of the mechanical arm can adapt to cores with different diameters, and the main controller can control the mechanical arm to carry the core from the end of the conveying mechanism to the specified storage compartment according to the signal of the position sensing module.

[0043] Further, the electric control system further comprises a wireless communication module and a storage module electrically connected with the main controller; the wireless communication module is fixed on the top of the control cabinet through a waterproof support, supports industrial Ethernet and 5G network dual-mode communication, and can be connected with the server of the remote geological data center and the mobile terminal of the on-site staff; the main controller will upload the core identity code, detection data, marking result, storage location and environmental temperature and humidity data to the remote server every 30 minutes through the wireless communication module; the storage module adopts an industrial-grade solid-state hard disk and is installed in the control cabinet through an anti-vibration support, is used for locally storing all data, and supports exporting historical data through a USB interface; when the system fails to mark, the core position deviates or the sensor fails, the main controller will push alarm information to the mobile terminal through the wireless communication module, and the staff can remotely send instructions to adjust the system state.

[0044] A geological drilling core automatic marking and archiving method, comprising the following steps:

[0045] Step one: system initialization, the staff sets the temperature and humidity threshold of core storage, core size detection accuracy, automatic marking parameters and data upload period through the display module, the main controller starts the self-check of the core recognition module, the automatic marking device and the position sensing module, if the self-check is passed, it enters standby state, if there is a fault, it alarms on the display module;

[0046] Step two: core information acquisition and recognition, the geological drilling equipment transports the core to the conveying mechanism, the image acquisition unit of the core recognition module shoots the core surface image, the size measurement sensor detects the core length and diameter, the core information acquisition module synchronously detects the core hardness and mineral composition, all data are transmitted to the main controller, and the main controller generates a unique core identity code;

[0047] Step three: automatic marking and verification, the main controller sends a marking instruction to the automatic marking device, the laser marking unit etches the identity code on the core surface, the RFID writing unit pastes the electronic tag, after the marking is completed, the visual detection unit shoots the marking image and transmits it to the main controller, the main controller compares the standard template to determine whether the marking is qualified, if qualified, it enters the next step, if not qualified, it controls the automatic marking device to re-mark;

[0048] Step four: core archiving and position confirmation, the main controller allocates a storage rack according to the core identity code, controls the automatic handling mechanical arm to transport the core from the conveying mechanism to the specified storage rack, the position sensing module detects whether the core is in place, if in place, it records the storage position, if not in place, it adjusts the handling posture of the mechanical arm to re-place the core;

[0049] Step five: data recording and monitoring, the main controller stores the core full data to the local storage module, and uploads to the remote server according to the preset period, and monitors the temperature and humidity of the storage environment in real time. If it exceeds the threshold, the automatic ventilation unit will be controlled to adjust the environment, and if an abnormality occurs, an alarm will be triggered;

[0050] Step six: later maintenance and data calling, the staff can check the core storage state through the display module or mobile terminal, and export the storage module data through the USB interface or download the data from the remote server for geological analysis when calling the historical data.

[0051] Further, the core information collection and identification in step two also includes lithology classification judgment. The main controller compares the core surface image obtained by the image collection unit with the built-in lithology image database, combines the mineral composition data of the composition rapid analysis unit, automatically determines the lithology category of the core, and writes the category information into the core identity code. If the similarity of lithology comparison is less than 80%, the main controller will prompt the lithology to be confirmed on the display module, and the staff can manually input the lithology information to complete the identity code.

[0052] Further, the automatic marking and verification in step three also includes RFID tag data verification. After marking is completed, the main controller reads the identity code stored in the tag through the RFID reading unit and compares it with the generated core identity code. If they are consistent, it is determined that the electronic marker is qualified, and if they are not consistent, the tag data is cleared and rewritten. When laser etching verification, the main controller detects the character clarity through image recognition algorithm. If the character clarity is less than 90%, it is determined that the physical marker is unqualified and needs to be etched after adjusting the laser power.

[0053] Further, the core archiving and position confirmation in step four also includes storage location optimization. The main controller has a storage compartment allocation algorithm built-in, which will preferentially allocate cores with the same drilling depth and lithology to adjacent storage compartments, and avoid storage compartments with large temperature and humidity fluctuations. The position sensing module uses infrared positioning and pressure sensing double detection. The infrared sensor detects whether the core is in the center position of the storage compartment, and the pressure sensor detects the contact pressure of the core and the bottom of the storage compartment. Both double detection are qualified to determine the position confirmation.

[0054] Further, step five also includes an abnormal handling mechanism: if the automatic ventilation unit still cannot adjust the temperature and humidity to the preset range after 30 minutes, the main controller will control the heating / cooling unit of each layer of the storage rack to start, and push the environment emergency warning to the mobile terminal; If the core is not in place after 3 times of transportation, the main controller will control the conveying mechanism to stop running to avoid damage to the core. After the staff on-site troubleshoots the mechanical arm fault, send the resume running instruction through the display module, and the system re-executes the transportation archiving process. Embodiments

[0055] I. Application scenario

[0056] This embodiment is designed for drilling operations in a 3200m deep well in the field of oil and gas exploration. The operation object is a continental clastic rock formation, and a water-based drilling fluid is required to maintain well stability. The drilling fluid density is pre-set to work in the range of 1.22-1.33 g / cm³ (density too low is easy to cause blowout, too high is easy to cause reservoir damage or well leakage). The operation site is equipped with a ZJ30 type drilling platform, and the drilling fluid circulation pipeline is laid along the platform column. The drilling fluid pool is a steel circular pool body (diameter 8m, height 2.5m, effective volume 125m³), which needs to realize accurate control of drilling fluid density through real-time monitoring and calibration system, reduce the frequency of manual intervention, and ensure the safety and efficiency of deep well operation.

[0057] II. System component configuration

[0058] (I) Basic structure components

[0059] 1. Drilling fluid circulation pipeline: Φ168mm seamless steel pipe (material 20 steel) is used, the total length of the circulation pipeline is 120m, the horizontal detection section is located in the middle section of the pipeline (far away from the vibration area of the drilling pump), the length is 2.5m, the inner wall is polished (roughness Ra≤0.8μm), which ensures the smooth flow of drilling fluid and avoids the influence of turbulence on the accuracy of density detection.

[0060] 2. Drilling fluid pool: a Φ100mm mixing device mounting hole is reserved at the center of the pool bottom, 3 groups of liquid level sensor fixing supports are welded along the height direction on the inner wall (spacing 0.8m), the pool body is wrapped with 50mm thick rock wool insulation layer to prevent environmental temperature fluctuations from having a significant impact on the drilling fluid temperature.

[0061] 3. Drilling fluid delivery pump: 3NB-1300 type three-cylinder single-acting reciprocating pump (rated displacement 1300L / min, working pressure 35MPa) is selected and installed at the starting end of the circulation pipeline. A buffer (volume 50L) is provided at the pump outlet to reduce the interference of pressure pulse on the sensor.

[0062] (II) Electric control system components

[0063] 1. Main controller: Siemens S7-1200 series PLC (model CPU1214CDC / DC / DC) is used, which integrates 14 point digital quantity input, 10 point digital quantity output and 2 way analog quantity input / output, and is installed in the electric control cabinet of the drilling platform (protection grade IP54). A 24V DC switching power supply (capacity 10A) is provided in the cabinet to supply power to each sensor and actuator.

[0064] 2. Density sensor: DMF-300 differential pressure density sensor (measurement range 0.9-2.5 g / cm³, accuracy ±0.001 g / cm³) is selected and embedded in the inner wall of the horizontal detection section of the circulating pipeline (1 / 3 pipe diameter from the top of the pipeline), the sensing end is in direct contact with the drilling fluid, and the main controller is connected through a 4-20 mA analog signal line (shielded twisted pair, cross-sectional area 1.0 mm²).

[0065] 3. Temperature sensor: PT100 platinum resistance temperature sensor (measurement range -20-100°C, accuracy ±0.1°C) is used, which is pasted on the outer wall of the circulating pipeline beside the density sensor (spacing 50 mm), the sensing end penetrates the wall (wall thickness 8 mm) and adheres to the inner wall, ensuring that the temperature detection deviation from the actual temperature of the drilling fluid is ≤0.3°C.

[0066] 4. Pressure sensor: MPX5700 diffused silicon pressure sensor (measurement range 0-1 MPa, accuracy ±0.25% FS) is selected and installed 1.5 m upstream of the horizontal detection section of the circulating pipeline, the sensing end is inserted into the pipeline (insertion depth 20 mm), and the signal is transmitted to the main controller through a shielded cable (with metal armor) to avoid pressure fluctuation signal attenuation.

[0067] 5. Liquid level sensor: UC3000 ultrasonic liquid level sensor (measurement range 0.2-5 m, accuracy ±0.5% FS) is used, which is vertically fixed on the inner wall support of the drilling fluid tank, the detection end is 0.3 m from the bottom and 0.2 m from the tank mouth, covering the full liquid level range (0.3-2.3 m), and communicating with the main controller through RS485 bus (Modbus-RTU protocol) with a data transmission rate of 9600 bps.

[0068] 6. Stirring device: composed of 18.5kW three-phase asynchronous motor (model Y2-180M-4), Φ90mm solid stirring shaft (material 45 steel) and three groups of spiral stirring blades (3 pieces per group, blade diameter 1.5m, pitch 0.8m); the motor is connected with the stirring shaft through an elastic coupling, the stirring shaft passes through the top seal of the tank vertically (using double-end mechanical seal, the sealing medium is drilling fluid special lubricating grease), the three groups of blades are distributed along the axial direction of the shaft with a spacing of 0.7m, and the bottom blade is 0.5m away from the bottom of the tank, ensuring that there is no dead angle for stirring of the drilling fluid.

[0069] 7. Automatic calibration unit: contains 30L standard density liquid storage tank (material 304 stainless steel, with liquid level gauge and breather valve), Φ25mm calibration pipeline (material UPVC) and 2W-250-25 type solenoid valve (working pressure 0-1.6MPa, response time ≤0.1s); the storage tank is fixed on the angle steel support beside the electric control cabinet (height 1.8m, to ensure that the standard density liquid can flow by gravity), one end of the calibration pipeline is connected with the ball valve (DN25) at the bottom of the storage tank, and the other end is communicated with the horizontal detection section of the circulating pipeline through a tee joint (material 304 steel), the solenoid valve is electrically connected with the main controller through a relay, and the opening and closing of the calibration pipeline is controlled.

[0070] 8. Display module: uses 10.1 inch industrial touch screen (model WELON MT8103iE, resolution 1280x800), is embedded in the control panel of the drilling platform operation room (inclination 30°, convenient for operators to observe), communicates with the main controller through Ethernet (TCP / IP protocol), supports real-time data display, parameter setting and manual operation instruction input.

[0071] 9. Wireless communication module: selects IR928 type 4G industrial router (supports TD-LTE / FDD-LTE dual mode, transmission rate downlink 150Mbps, uplink 50Mbps), is fixed on the top of the electric control cabinet through an L-shaped waterproof support (protection level IP65), the antenna is directed to the open area on the north side of the platform (without obstruction), can be connected with the remote monitoring center server (Aliyun ECS server) and the operator's mobile phone (installing a special monitoring APP, supporting Android and iOS systems) at the same time.

[0072] 10. Storage module: uses Kingston DC500R series industrial grade solid state disk (capacity 256GB, interface SATAIII), is fixed beside the main controller in the electric control cabinet through a shockproof support (material rubber, hardness 50 Shore A), supports storing real-time detection data every 10 seconds, the data storage period is not less than 180 days, and is equipped with a USB3.0 interface (with a dust cover), which is convenient for exporting historical data.

[0073] 11. Abnormal early warning module: integrated in the PLC program of the main controller (written through ladder diagram), can calculate the drilling fluid density change rate within 5 minutes (threshold value ≤0.005g / (cm³·min)) and the standard deviation of 10 times of collected data (uniformity threshold value ≤0.003g / cm³), and trigger the early warning when the threshold value is exceeded.

[0074] III. Operation process

[0075] Step one: system initialization

[0076] 1. The operator inputs parameters through the display module: drilling fluid density preset range 1.22-1.33 g / cm³, temperature compensation coefficient 0.0021 g / (cm³·℃), pressure compensation coefficient 0.0012 g / (cm³·MPa), automatic calibration period 24 hours (triggered every day at 2:00 am), and liquid level minimum threshold 0.8 m (corresponding to a volume of 50 m³).

[0077] 2. The main controller starts self-checking: it sequentially checks the density sensor (whether the output signal is within the range of 4-20 mA), the temperature / pressure sensor (whether the zero drift is ≤0.1% FS), the stirring device (whether the motor insulation resistance is ≥10 MΩ), and the automatic calibration unit (whether the electromagnetic valve can normally open and close); after the self-checking is passed, the system enters the monitoring state, and the display module refreshes the initial data in real time (initial density 1.27 g / cm³, temperature 26℃, pressure 0.32 MPa, and liquid level 1.9 m).

[0078] Step two: real-time data acquisition

[0079] 1. Each sensor acquires data at a preset frequency: the density sensor, temperature sensor, and pressure sensor acquire data synchronously every 10 seconds (the acquisition time points are kept consistent to avoid time difference leading to compensation deviation); the liquid level sensor acquires liquid level height every 30 seconds; all data are transmitted to the main controller through corresponding transmission lines, and the data transmission delay is ≤0.5 seconds.

[0080] 2. The main controller performs preliminary filtering on the acquired data (using a sliding average filtering algorithm with a window size of 5) to eliminate abnormal pulse data (such as interference signals with a pressure exceeding 0.5 MPa for a moment) and ensure the stability of the original data.

[0081] Step three: data processing and judgment

[0082] 1. Density compensation correction: the acquired data at a certain time are: original density value 1.20 g / cm³, temperature 30℃, and pressure 0.38 MPa; the main controller calculates the corrected density through the preset compensation algorithm:

[0083] Corrected density = original density + (actual temperature - reference temperature) × temperature compensation coefficient + (actual pressure - reference pressure) × pressure compensation coefficient = 1.20 + (30-26) × 0.0021 + (0.38-0.32) × 0.0012 = 1.20 + 0.0084 + 0.00072 = 1.2091 g / cm³, which is lower than the lower limit of the preset range 1.22 g / cm³, and it is determined that the density is abnormal.

[0084] 2. Liquid level judgment: the liquid level sensor acquires data of 1.8 m at the same period, which is higher than the minimum threshold 0.8 m, and it is determined that the liquid level is normal and the liquid supplement process does not need to be started.

[0085] Step four: calibration and control execution

[0086] 1. Agitator adjustment: the main controller first controls the agitator drive motor speed to increase from the normal 900 r / min to 1350 r / min (1.5 times the normal rate), to promote the uniform mixing of the drilling fluid in the drilling fluid pool, and the stirring is continued for 6 minutes (1 minute longer than the normal preset time, suitable for the characteristics of high solid content of deep well drilling fluid).

[0087] 2. Secondary data acquisition and calibration trigger: after stirring, the density sensor reacquires data, and the corrected density is 1.212 g / cm³, which is still lower than the preset range, and the main controller triggers the automatic calibration unit:

[0088] Control the electromagnetic valve to open (open for 40 seconds), and the standard density liquid (known density 1.25 g / cm³, temperature 25°C) flows into the circulating pipeline horizontal detection section along the calibration pipeline, filling the density sensor detection area;

[0089] The density sensor acquires the density data of the standard density liquid (detection value 1.231 g / cm³), and the main controller compares the known value with the detection value, calculates the deviation as 0.019 g / cm³ (exceeds the allowed deviation 0.01 g / cm³);

[0090] Automatically generate calibration parameters (compensation value +0.019 g / cm³), write into the density sensor storage chip, and complete the calibration.

[0091] 3. Verification after calibration: after calibration, the density sensor reacquires the drilling fluid density, and the corrected density is 1.225 g / cm 3 , which enters the preset working range, and the main controller controls the agitator speed to return to 900 r / min, and the electromagnetic valve is closed.

[0092] Step five: abnormal early warning and recording

[0093] 1. Abnormal identification and early warning: at the 10th hour of operation, the density sensor acquires data showing that the density decreases from 1.26 g / cm³ to 1.228 g / cm³ in 8 minutes, with a change of 0.032 g / cm³ (exceeding the preset fluctuation threshold of 0.025 g / cm³); the abnormal early warning module sends a warning signal to the main controller:

[0094] 2. The display module flashes a red warning icon (frequency 2 times / sec), and plays a "drilling fluid density rapid decrease" voice prompt (volume 80 dB);

[0095] The wireless communication module pushes the early warning information (including density change curve, real-time temperature / pressure data) to the remote monitoring center and sends a pop-up alarm to the operator's mobile phone APP (repeatedly pushed within 5 minutes if not confirmed).

[0096] 2. Data recording: The main controller controls the density sensor to collect data from every 10 seconds to every 2 seconds, and stores the early warning trigger time (15:47), density change data, and early warning processing instructions into the storage module to form an unalterable system log.

[0097] Step six: remote interaction and maintenance

[0098] 1. Remote monitoring and instruction issuance: The remote monitoring center staff checks the real-time data through the server, determines that the density decrease may be caused by excessive addition of drilling fluid thinner, and sends the "suspend thinner addition" instruction to the main controller, which immediately controls the thinner filling pump to stop working after receiving the instruction.

[0099] 2. Historical data export and analysis: After each week of operation, the operator connects the storage module through the USB3.0 interface to export the historical data of this week (including 3 automatic calibration records and 2 abnormal early warning records), uses Excel software to analyze the drilling fluid density change trend (such as daily density fluctuation amplitude ≤0.02 g / cm³), and adjusts the drilling fluid formulation next week (such as reducing the amount of thinner added by 5%).

[0100] Four, implementation effect

[0101] 1. Precision improvement: The system density detection precision is maintained at ±0.001 g / cm³, which is 80% higher than the traditional manual detection (precision ±0.005 g / cm³), effectively avoiding the risk of well leakage and blowout caused by density control deviation, and no underground complex situation occurred during the operation.

[0102] 2. Efficiency improvement: Automatic calibration cycle is 24 hours without the need to stop the machine and disassemble the sensor (traditional manual calibration needs to stop for 2 hours / each time), which reduces the downtime by 8 hours per month, improves the drilling operation efficiency from 82% to 88%, and reduces the number of on-site personnel by 2 per shift, reducing labor costs by 30%.

[0103] 3. Data traceability: The storage module records all running data within 180 days, which can trace the influence of different formations (such as sandstone and mudstone) on drilling fluid density through the density change curve, providing data support for subsequent drilling operations in the same block (such as reducing the drilling fluid density in mudstone formation by 0.01-0.02 g / cm³ to reduce reservoir damage).

Claims

1. A geological drilling core automatic marking and archiving system for use on a geological drilling rig, the geological drilling rig comprising a core transport mechanism, a core storage rack interfacing with the end of the core transport mechanism, a control cabinet mounted on the side of the drilling platform, characterized in that, The control cabinet is integrated with an electric control system; the electric control system comprises a main controller, a core recognition module, an automatic marking device, a position sensing module and a display module which are electrically connected with the main controller respectively; The core recognition module is installed at a middle section detection station of the core conveying mechanism and comprises an image acquisition unit and a size measurement sensor, which are used to acquire the lithology image, length and diameter data of the core in real time; The automatic marking device is fixed at the end outlet of the core conveying mechanism, and its marking end is opposite to the core axis direction, which is used to apply physical or electronic identification to the core surface; The position sensing module is uniformly distributed in each layer of the storage compartment of the core storage rack, which is used to detect the actual placement position of the core in the storage rack; The main controller receives the detection signals of the core recognition module and the position sensing module, and if it is determined that the core information is complete and the storage position is matched, the automatic marking device is controlled to perform the marking operation, and the core conveying mechanism is driven to convey the marked core to the corresponding storage compartment, and the core information, marking result and storage position data are displayed on the display module.

2. A geological drilling core automatic marking and archiving system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The electric control system further comprises a core information acquisition module electrically connected with the main controller, which is installed on the conveying mechanism support beside the core recognition module, and the data acquisition end is attached to the outer surface of the core; the core information acquisition module comprises a hardness detection sensor and a composition rapid analysis unit, which are used to acquire the surface hardness data and main mineral composition information of the core, and transmit the acquired information to the main controller; the main controller generates a unique core identity code by combining the image and size data of the core recognition module and the hardness and composition data of the core information acquisition module, which contains the drilling depth, acquisition time, lithology category, hardness value and composition characteristics, and the code is transmitted to the automatic marking device as the core information of the marking content.

3. A geological drilling core automatic marking and archiving system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic marking device comprises a laser coding unit and an RFID electronic tag writing unit; the coding head of the laser coding unit is fixed on the end of the conveying mechanism by an adjusting support and can move along the core axis, which is used to etch a unique identity code on the core surface; the RFID electronic tag writing unit is installed beside the laser coding unit, and its label issuing port is opposite to the core side wall, which can paste the RFID tag pre-stored with the core identity code at the specified position of the core; the main controller controls the etching depth of the laser coding unit and the label pasting pressure of the RFID writing unit to ensure the clarity and firmness of the marking; after the marking is completed, the automatic marking device also takes a picture of the marking area through the built-in visual detection unit, and transmits the image to the main controller, which compares with the standard marking template to determine whether the marking is qualified.

4. A geological drilling core automatic marking and archiving system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The core storage rack is also provided with a temperature and humidity sensor and an automatic ventilation unit electrically connected with the main controller. The temperature and humidity sensor is embedded in the inner wall of each storage layer for real-time detection of the temperature and relative humidity of the core storage environment. The automatic ventilation unit includes a ventilation fan installed at the top of the storage rack and an adjusting damper on the side, which is electrically connected with the main controller. When the main controller determines that the temperature and humidity exceeds the preset storage range, it will control the ventilation fan to start and adjust the damper opening, and at the same time, an environmental warning prompt will be popped up through the display module. In addition, the core storage rack is also provided with an automatic handling mechanical arm electrically connected with the main controller. The guide rail of the mechanical arm is laid along the length direction of the storage rack, and the clamping unit at the end of the mechanical arm can adapt to cores of different diameters. The main controller can control the mechanical arm to carry the core from the end of the conveying mechanism to the designated storage layer according to the signal of the position sensing module.

5. A geological drilling core automatic marking and archiving system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The electric control system also includes a wireless communication module and a storage module electrically connected with the main controller. The wireless communication module is fixed on the top of the control cabinet through a waterproof support, supports industrial Ethernet and 5G network dual-mode communication, and can establish a connection with the server of the remote geological data center and the mobile terminal of the on-site staff. The main controller will upload the core identity code, detection data, marking result, storage position and environmental temperature and humidity data to the remote server every 30 minutes through the wireless communication module. The storage module uses an industrial-grade solid-state hard disk installed inside the control cabinet through a shockproof support for local storage of all data, and supports export of historical data through a USB interface. When the system fails to mark, the core position deviates or the sensor fails, the main controller will push an alarm information to the mobile terminal through the wireless communication module, and the staff can remotely send instructions to adjust the system state.

6. A method of automatically marking and archiving geological drill cores, characterized by The steps include: Step one: system initialization. The staff sets the temperature and humidity threshold of the core storage, the core size detection accuracy, the automatic marking parameters and the data upload period through the display module. The main controller starts the self-check of the core recognition module, the automatic marking device and the position sensing module. If the self-check is passed, it enters the standby state, and if there is a fault, it will alarm on the display module; Step two: core information collection and recognition. The geological drilling equipment delivers the core to the conveying mechanism. The image acquisition unit of the core recognition module takes pictures of the core surface, the size measurement sensor detects the length and diameter of the core, and the core information collection module synchronously detects the hardness and mineral composition of the core. All data are transmitted to the main controller, and the main controller generates a unique core identity code; Step three: automatic marking and verification. The main controller sends a marking instruction to the automatic marking device. The laser coding unit etches the identity code on the surface of the core, and the RFID writing unit pastes the electronic tag. After the marking is completed, the visual detection unit takes a picture of the marking image and transmits it to the main controller. The main controller compares the standard template to determine whether the marking is qualified. If it is qualified, it goes to the next step, and if it is not qualified, it controls the automatic marking device to re-mark. Step four: core archiving and position confirmation, the main controller assigns a storage rack based on the core identity code, controls the automatic handling robot to transport the core from the conveying mechanism to the designated storage rack, and the position sensing module detects whether the core is in place. If it is, record the storage location, if not, adjust the handling posture of the robot and place it again; Step five: data recording and monitoring, the main controller stores the core data to the local storage module, and uploads it to the remote server at a preset period, while monitoring the temperature and humidity of the storage environment in real time. If it exceeds the threshold, control the automatic ventilation unit to adjust the environment, if there is an abnormality, trigger the alarm; Step six: later maintenance and data calling, the staff can check the core storage state through the display module or mobile terminal, and need to call the historical data through the USB interface to export the storage module data, or download the data from the remote server for geological analysis.

7. A method of automatically marking and filing geological drill core as claimed in claim 6, characterised by, The core information collection and identification in step two also includes lithology classification judgment. The main controller compares the core surface image obtained by the image collection unit with the built-in lithology image database, combines the mineral composition data of the composition rapid analysis unit, automatically determines the lithology category of the core, and writes the category information into the core identity code. If the similarity of lithology comparison is less than 80%, the main controller will prompt the lithology to be confirmed on the display module, and the staff can manually input the lithology information to complete the identity code.

8. A method of automatically marking and filing geological drill core as claimed in claim 6, characterised by, The automatic marking and verification in step three also includes RFID tag data verification. The main controller reads the identity code stored in the tag through the RFID reading unit after marking, and compares it with the generated core identity code. If they are consistent, the electronic marker is determined to be qualified, if they are not consistent, the tag data is cleared and rewritten. When laser etching verification, the main controller detects the character clarity through image recognition algorithm. If the character clarity is less than 90%, the physical marker is determined to be unqualified and needs to be etched after adjusting the laser power.

9. A method of automatically marking and filing geological drill core as claimed in claim 6, characterised by, The core archiving and position confirmation in step four also includes storage location optimization. The main controller has a storage rack allocation algorithm built-in, which will preferentially allocate cores with the same drilling depth and lithology to adjacent storage racks, and avoid storage racks with large temperature and humidity fluctuations. The position sensing module uses infrared positioning and pressure sensing double detection. The infrared sensor detects whether the core is in the center position of the storage rack, and the pressure sensor detects the contact pressure between the core and the bottom of the storage rack. Both double detection are qualified to determine the position confirmation.

10. A method of automatically marking and filing geological drill core as claimed in claim 6, characterised by, Step five also includes an abnormal handling mechanism: if the automatic ventilation unit still cannot adjust the temperature and humidity to the preset range after 30 minutes, the main controller will control the heating / cooling unit of each layer of the storage rack to start, and push an emergency warning of the environment to the mobile terminal; If the core is not in place after 3 times of transportation, the main controller will control the conveying mechanism to stop running to avoid damage to the core. After the staff on-site troubleshoots the robot fault, send a resume operation instruction through the display module, and the system will execute the transportation archiving process again.

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