A multi-directional testing device for tensile properties of textile fabrics

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of testing device technology, and more specifically discloses a multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics. The device includes a base, a central frame fixedly connected to the top center of the base, and a lifting frame fixedly installed at the edge of the base. The lifting frame is equipped with a horizontal plate and a longitudinal tensioning mechanism, which drives the horizontal plate to move linearly up and down. An extension frame is fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal plate, and an industrial camera is fixedly connected to the side of the extension frame. The central frame is equipped with a horizontal frame and a rotating mechanism, which drives the horizontal frame to rotate horizontally. A horizontal tensioning mechanism is installed on the horizontal frame, which moves the multi-layer frame horizontally in a linear fashion. This facilitates the formation of a three-dimensional controllable tensioning system with rotation angle, horizontal tension, and longitudinal tension, enabling composite tension testing in any direction. It can simulate the tensile condition of fabrics under complex stress states, providing a more reliable basis for fabric selection and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing equipment technology, and more specifically to a multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics. Background Technology

[0002] The tensile properties of textile fabrics are an important indicator for evaluating fabric quality and performance. Currently, the tensile properties of textile fabrics are mainly tested using a unidirectional tensile test method, which involves applying tension to the fabric along the warp or weft direction and testing its mechanical properties. However, in actual use, textile fabrics are often subjected to tensile forces in multiple directions, making it difficult to comprehensively evaluate the actual mechanical properties of the fabric using a unidirectional tensile test. Therefore, developing a device that can perform multidirectional tensile property testing on textile fabrics is of great significance.

[0003] Patent CN118883298A discloses a multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics. This device includes symmetrically arranged clamps, which achieve multi-directional tensile testing via an electromagnetic drive mechanism. The clamps employ a novel winding roller-spiky structure and a segmented adjusting wheel-locking frame structure for rapid sample clamping and unclamping. The electromagnetic drive mechanism uses a permanent magnet-electromagnetic coil structure, combined with weight plates to provide precise tensile force, and a distance sensor and adjusting rod to achieve constant tensile force control. A laser projection ruler provides accurate deformation measurement. The controller enables fully automated control of the testing process, applying tensile force to the textile fabric in multiple directions for comprehensive evaluation. It features quick clamping, efficient testing, precise tensile force adjustment, accurate deformation measurement, and accurate performance evaluation. Operation is intelligent and flexible. It is applicable to various textile fabrics, possessing strong versatility and improving the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of textile fabric tensile property testing.

[0004] However, existing fabric tensile performance testing methods still have certain shortcomings. For example, angle adjustment relies on electromagnetic drive, and the angle accuracy is affected by the magnetic field strength. Tensile force control uses counterweight plates, which cannot achieve continuous stepless adjustment. Furthermore, the dynamic response is lagging, and there is a lack of a real-time deformation and angle synchronous acquisition module. The detected tensile test data is not accurate enough, and it is difficult to obtain accurate correlation data between angle and force and fabric performance, which affects the integrity and analysis accuracy of the test data. Therefore, we propose a multi-directional testing device for the tensile performance of textile fabrics. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics to solve the problems existing in the background art.

[0006] This invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics, comprising a base, a central frame fixedly connected to the top center of the base, a lifting frame fixedly installed at the edge of the base, a horizontal plate and a longitudinal tensioning mechanism on the lifting frame, the longitudinal tensioning mechanism driving the horizontal plate to move linearly up and down, an extension frame fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal plate, an industrial camera fixedly connected to the side of the extension frame, a horizontal frame and a rotating mechanism on the central frame, the rotating mechanism driving the horizontal frame to rotate horizontally, a horizontal tensioning mechanism on the horizontal frame, the horizontal tensioning mechanism driving a multi-layer frame to move linearly horizontally, the multi-layer frame consisting of a lower plate, a middle plate and an upper plate, a ball bearing sleeve at the center of the upper plate, a follow-up reset mechanism on the multi-layer frame, a fourth motor fixedly connected to the end of the extension frame, and one of the clamps fixedly connected to the output end of the fourth motor.

[0007] The follow-up reset mechanism includes a spherical shaft, a cross plate, a turntable, a tension spring, and a second motor. The spherical shaft is rotatably fitted inside a spherical shaft sleeve, and its lower end is connected to the cross plate. The edge of the cross plate is connected to the turntable through a tension spring. The second motor is fixedly installed on the lower plate, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the turntable. Another clamp is fixedly connected to the upper end of the spherical shaft, and the fabric is fixedly installed between the two clamps for tensile testing.

[0008] Furthermore, the rotating mechanism includes a first motor, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, and a central shaft. The first motor is fixed inside the central frame, and its output shaft is connected to the first bevel gear. The central shaft is rotatably connected inside the central frame, and its upper end is fixedly connected to a horizontal frame. The second bevel gear is fixed on the circumferential surface of the central shaft, and the first bevel gear meshes with the second bevel gear.

[0009] Furthermore, the horizontal stretching mechanism includes a linear motor, a moving part, a first grating ruler, and a first reading head. The linear motor is fixed inside the horizontal frame, and its moving part is fixedly connected to the moving part. The moving part is fixedly connected to the lower plate. The first grating ruler is laid on the horizontal frame along the direction of movement of the linear motor. The first reading head is fixed to the side of the moving part and cooperates with the first grating ruler.

[0010] Furthermore, the longitudinal tensioning mechanism includes a third motor, a ball screw, a screw sleeve, a second grating ruler, and a second reading head. The third motor is fixed to the bottom of the lifting frame, and its output shaft is connected to the ball screw. The ball screw is rotatably connected inside the lifting frame. The screw sleeve is fitted onto the circumferential surface of the ball screw and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the horizontal plate. The second grating ruler is fixedly connected between the upper and lower inner walls of the lifting frame, and the second reading head is fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal plate and cooperates with the second grating ruler.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower plate, middle plate, and upper plate are fixedly connected by reinforcing rods installed at the four corners.

[0012] Furthermore, the extension frame is equipped with an angle sensor, and the detection end of the angle sensor is connected to the clamp.

[0013] Furthermore, the clamp has spikes at the slot, the spikes are made of tungsten steel, and the tips are conical and evenly distributed.

[0014] Furthermore, an electric locking device is installed on the side of the upper plate, which is used to fix the position of the spherical shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the horizontal tensioning mechanism, the rotary mechanism, the follow-up reset mechanism, the longitudinal tensioning mechanism, the industrial camera, and the angle sensor to achieve automated control.

[0016] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. This invention, by incorporating a rotation mechanism, a horizontal tensioning mechanism, and a longitudinal tensioning mechanism, facilitates the formation of a three-dimensional controllable tensioning system with rotation angle, horizontal tension, and longitudinal tension. Compared to the unidirectional or fixed-angle tensioning of existing technologies, it can achieve composite tensioning tests in any direction, simulating the tensioning of fabrics under complex stress conditions. The test data can more realistically reflect the actual mechanical properties of the fabric, providing a more reliable basis for fabric selection and application. Moreover, it accurately captures key parameters such as the deformation law and fatigue characteristics of such fabrics under multidirectional stress, providing precise data support for the structural design and process optimization of complex fabrics, and helping to develop high-performance fabric products that better meet actual needs.

[0018] 2. This invention, by incorporating a design that allows the elastic tension of a tension spring to adaptively adjust the fabric's stretching deformation, while simultaneously allowing the reset force to be adjusted via a second motor, solves the problem of test deviations caused by localized force concentration during fabric stretching in existing technologies. The rotating fit structure between the spherical shaft and the cross plate allows for adaptive angle adjustment in response to fabric stretching deformation, ensuring uniform distribution of tension in the fabric clamping area and avoiding localized force concentrations caused by fixed-angle clamping, such as fabric edge tearing or excessive stretching in the middle area. The elastic tension of the tension spring can buffer the instantaneous impact force during the stretching process in real time, especially for elastic or thin fabrics, reducing localized fiber breakage caused by sudden changes in tension, ensuring the integrity of the fabric during testing, and reducing test data deviations caused by fabric damage.

[0019] 3. The present invention is designed to facilitate dynamic monitoring of the angle change of the clamp during the fabric stretching process, and to link the motion parameters of the horizontal stretching mechanism, the longitudinal stretching mechanism and the rotation mechanism. By integrating angle data with tension and displacement data, the controller can establish a three-dimensional correlation model of tension, displacement and angle, providing key parameters for analyzing the mechanical properties of the fabric under multi-directional stretching, and effectively improving the integrity and accuracy of test data. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal frame structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the follow-up reset mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-layer frame structure of the present invention.

[0025] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Base; 2. Central frame; 3. Horizontal frame; 4. Multi-layer frame; 401. Lower shelf; 402. Middle shelf; 403. Upper shelf; 404. Reinforcing rod; 405. Ball bushing; 5. Horizontal tension mechanism; 501. Linear motor; 502. Moving base; 503. First grating ruler; 504. First reading head; 6. Rotation mechanism; 601. First motor; 602. First bevel gear; 603. Second bevel gear; 604. Central shaft; 7. Follow-up reset. Mechanism; 701, Spherical shaft; 702, Cross plate; 703, Turntable; 704, Tension spring; 705, Second motor; 8, Lifting frame; 801, Horizontal plate; 9, Longitudinal tensioning mechanism; 901, Third motor; 902, Ball screw; 903, Screw sleeve; 904, Second grating ruler; 905, Second reading head; 10, Fixture; 1001, Spike; 11, Electric locking device; 12, Extension frame; 13, Fourth motor; 14, Angle sensor; 15, Industrial camera. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the forms of the various structures described in the following embodiments are merely illustrative. The multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics involved in the present invention is not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Reference Figures 1-5This invention provides a multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics, including a base 1, a central frame 2 fixedly connected to the top center of the base 1, a lifting frame 8 fixedly installed at the edge of the base 1, a horizontal plate 801 and a longitudinal tensioning mechanism 9 provided on the lifting frame 8, the longitudinal tensioning mechanism 9 drives the horizontal plate 801 to move linearly up and down, an extension frame 12 fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal plate 801, an industrial camera 15 fixedly connected to the side of the extension frame 12, a horizontal frame 3 and a rotating mechanism 6 provided on the central frame 2, the rotating mechanism 6 drives the horizontal frame 3 to rotate horizontally, a horizontal tensioning mechanism 5 provided on the horizontal frame 3, a multi-layer frame 4 moved linearly horizontally by the horizontal tensioning mechanism 5, the multi-layer frame 4 is composed of a lower plate 401, a middle plate 402 and an upper plate 403, a ball bushing 405 provided at the center of the upper plate 403, a follow-up reset mechanism 7 provided on the multi-layer frame 4, a fourth motor 13 fixedly connected to the end of the extension frame 12, and one of the clamps 10 fixedly connected to the output end of the fourth motor 13;

[0028] The follow-up reset mechanism 7 includes a spherical shaft 701, a cross plate 702, a turntable 703, a tension spring 704, and a second motor 705. The spherical shaft 701 is rotatably fitted inside the spherical shaft sleeve 405, and its lower end is connected to the cross plate 702. The edge of the cross plate 702 is connected to the turntable 703 through the tension spring 704. The second motor 705 is fixedly installed on the lower plate 401, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the turntable 703. The upper end of the spherical shaft 701 is fixedly connected to another clamp 10, and the fabric is fixedly installed between the two clamps 10 for tensile testing.

[0029] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that: the base 1, the mounting foundation of the entire device, is made of high-strength cast iron and is fixed to the ground with anchor bolts to ensure stability during the test and avoid the impact of vibration on test accuracy; the center frame 2 is forged from aluminum alloy and has an internal hollow structure to accommodate the rotating mechanism 6. Its top is fitted with the rotating support structure of the horizontal frame 3 through a flange to ensure that the coaxiality error of the horizontal frame 3 during rotation does not exceed 0.05mm; the lifting frame 8 is supported and fixed at its four corners by metal rods, and the horizontal plate 801 slides on the surface of the metal rods, with sliders on both sides to ensure that the horizontal plate 801 moves linearly up and down; the horizontal plate 80 1. Made of stainless steel with a finely ground surface, it is rigidly connected to the extension frame 12 by bolts, with reinforcing ribs at the connection to prevent deformation during stretching. The longitudinal stretching mechanism 9 can be set with lifting speed and displacement distance via a controller. The extension frame 12 is welded from rectangular steel pipes, and its length can be adjusted according to the size of the test fabric. The industrial camera 15 on its side is a high-definition industrial CCD camera that captures real-time images of the fabric deformation during stretching. The rotating mechanism 6 is driven by a geared motor, achieving 360° continuous rotation of the horizontal frame 3 through bevel gear transmission. The rotation angle accuracy can be controlled by encoder feedback to meet the requirements of stretching tests in different directions. Angle adjustment requirements; the horizontal frame 3 is made of cast aluminum, and its top plane is parallel to the horizontal plate 801 to ensure accurate application of horizontal tensile force; the horizontal tensioning mechanism 5 is driven by a linear motor, which has the characteristics of fast response speed and stable thrust, and works with a grating ruler to achieve precise measurement and control of displacement; the multi-layer frame 4 consists of a lower plate 401, a middle plate 402 and an upper plate 403, and the three plates are connected by four reinforcing rods 404 to form a rigid frame structure that can withstand a maximum horizontal tensile force of 1000N without plastic deformation; the ball bushing 405 is made of wear-resistant alloy material and has a lubrication groove inside, which is connected to the ball shaft 70 1. The device enables multi-angle rotation with a range of ±45°, meeting the tensile testing requirements of fabrics at different tilt angles. The tension spring 704 is made of high-strength spring steel, which has good elastic recovery performance, ensuring that the fabric is subjected to uniform force during the stretching process and can achieve a reset effect after the test. The fourth motor 13 can drive the upper clamp 10 to rotate around its own axis, realizing the tensile test of the fabric in a torsional state, further expanding the diversity of the test. There are two clamps 10, which are commonly used fabric fixing structures. The spikes 1001 are made of tungsten steel to prevent the fabric from slipping during the stretching process and to avoid excessive damage to the fabric that may affect the test results.

[0030] The main difference between this embodiment and the prior art lies in the fact that this embodiment adopts a test architecture that combines mechanical transmission with multi-dimensional collaborative control, specifically:

[0031] Innovation in multi-directional stretching drive: The horizontal frame 3 rotates continuously via a rotating mechanism 6. This, combined with the closed-loop control of the linear motor 501 and the first grating ruler 503 in the horizontal stretching mechanism 5, and the lifting control of the longitudinal stretching mechanism 9, forms a three-dimensional controllable stretching system encompassing rotation angle, horizontal tension, and longitudinal tension. Compared to existing unidirectional or fixed-angle stretching technologies, this system enables composite stretching tests in any direction. In practical applications, textile fabrics often withstand composite tension in multiple directions, rather than just unidirectional stretching. This device achieves 360° angle adjustment via the rotating mechanism 6. Combined with the synergistic effect of the horizontal stretching mechanism 5 and the longitudinal stretching mechanism 9, it can simulate surface... The test data on the tensile properties of fabrics under complex stress conditions can more accurately reflect the actual mechanical properties of the fabric, providing a more reliable basis for fabric selection and application. The arbitrary direction composite tensile function can systematically test the tensile properties of fabrics in the warp, weft, oblique, and composite angles, fully presenting the anisotropic characteristics of the fabric. This helps R&D personnel to fully understand the mechanical properties of the fabric and provides targeted guidance for fabric improvement and optimization. Moreover, it accurately captures key parameters such as the deformation law and fatigue characteristics of such fabrics under multi-directional stress, providing precise data support for the structural design and process optimization of complex fabrics, and helping to develop high-performance fabric products that better meet actual needs.

[0032] Optimization of the follow-up reset mechanism: The follow-up reset mechanism 7 features a spherical shaft 701 and a cross plate 702 working together. The elastic tension of the tension spring 704 adaptively adjusts to the fabric's stretching deformation. Simultaneously, the reset force can be adjusted via the second motor 705. This solves the test deviation problem caused by localized force concentration during fabric stretching in existing technologies. The rotational working structure of the spherical shaft 701 and the cross plate 702 allows for adaptive angle adjustment based on fabric stretching deformation, ensuring uniform force distribution in the fabric clamping area and avoiding localized force concentration caused by fixed-angle clamping, such as fabric edge tearing or excessive stretching in the middle area. The elastic tension of the tension spring 704 can buffer the instantaneous impact force during the stretching process in real time, especially… For elastic or lightweight fabrics, this design reduces localized fiber breakage caused by sudden changes in tension, ensuring fabric integrity during testing and minimizing test data deviation due to fabric damage. The cross plate 702 is connected to the turntable 703 via a tension spring 704, forming a multi-directional force balance structure. This structure can evenly transmit the tension applied by the clamp 10 to the fabric, avoiding force measurement deviations caused by excessive or insufficient tension in one direction. The adaptive deformation function reduces relative slippage between the fabric and the clamp, ensuring the accuracy of the tension data. In existing technologies, localized force concentration can easily lead to fabric slippage, causing the measured tension value to be lower than the actual force. This structure effectively eliminates such errors by dynamically balancing the force state.

[0033] The structure described above is the main structure of this embodiment, which solves the problems in the prior art of low angle adjustment accuracy, uneven distribution of tensile force leading to localized force concentration, easy slippage between the fabric and the clamp causing data distortion, and inability to adapt to the testing needs of different types of fabrics during multi-directional tensile testing of textile fabrics. The basic control logic of the controller and the basic imaging principle of the industrial camera are existing structures. The specific program code and optical imaging parameter calibration steps of these existing structures are not described in detail in this embodiment. In addition, the industry-wide standards for testing the tensile properties of textile fabrics are also existing technologies. Therefore, this application does not make detailed limitations.

[0034] Reference Figure 3 The rotating mechanism 6 includes a first motor 601, a first bevel gear 602, a second bevel gear 603, and a central shaft 604. The first motor 601 is fixed inside the central frame 2, and its output shaft is connected to the first bevel gear 602. The central shaft 604 is rotatably connected inside the central frame 2, and its upper end is fixedly connected to the horizontal frame 3. The second bevel gear 603 is fixed on the circumferential surface of the central shaft 604, and the first bevel gear 602 and the second bevel gear 603 mesh with each other.

[0035] In this embodiment, it is important to specifically explain that the rotating mechanism 6 is the core structure for realizing the multi-angle rotation of the horizontal frame 3. The cooperation of its components directly determines the angle adjustment accuracy. The first motor 601 is a servo motor, fixed with bolts, and its output shaft is rigidly connected to the first bevel gear 602 through a coupling to ensure backlash-free power transmission. The first bevel gear 602 and the second bevel gear 603 are both made of 20CrMnTi material and have undergone carburizing and quenching treatment. The output speed is reduced through speed reduction transmission, which improves the stability of angle adjustment. The central shaft 604 is made of 45# steel and has been heat-treated. Its upper end is fixed to the horizontal frame 3 with bolts through a flange. Through the path of motor drive, bevel gear reduction, and central shaft transmission, the horizontal frame 3 can achieve continuous rotation of 3360°. With the feedback signal from the angle sensor 14 received by the controller, an angle positioning accuracy of ±0.1° can be achieved, which meets the requirements of tensile testing of fabric in any direction from 0° to 360°, and provides a precise angle adjustment basis for multi-directional composite stretching.

[0036] Reference Figure 3 The horizontal stretching mechanism 5 includes a linear motor 501, a mover seat 502, a first grating ruler 503, and a first reading head 504. The linear motor 501 is fixed inside the horizontal frame 3, and its mover is fixedly connected to the mover seat 502. The mover seat 502 is fixedly connected to the lower plate 401. The first grating ruler 503 is laid on the horizontal frame 3 along the movement direction of the linear motor 501. The first reading head 504 is fixed to the side of the mover seat 502 and cooperates with the first grating ruler 503.

[0037] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that: the linear motor 501 is a coreless U-shaped linear motor, which is fixed in the guide groove inside the horizontal frame 3 by bolts. Its mover and mover seat 502 are rigidly connected by high-strength bolts to ensure that the power transmission is lag-free and the response time is ≤0.05s. It can achieve stepless speed regulation from 0-50mm / s to meet the testing requirements of different fabrics for tensile speed. The mover seat 502 is made of aluminum alloy profile and CNC machined. The bottom is attached to the mover of the linear motor 501, and the top is bolted to the lower plate 401 of the multi-layer frame 4 through the flange. The connection is equipped with a positioning pin to ensure that the coaxiality error between the mover seat 502 and the multi-layer frame 4 is ≤0.1mm. The first grating ruler 503 is an incremental grating ruler, which is fixed to the surface of the horizontal frame 3 by adhesive and mechanical pressing. It is laid parallel to the movement direction of the linear motor 501 and serves as a displacement measurement. The reference component; the first reading head 504 is used in conjunction with the first grating ruler 503 and is fixed to the side of the moving base 502 by screws. The distance between its detection surface and the surface of the first grating ruler 503 is controlled at 0.5±0.1mm. It can collect displacement signals in real time and feed them back to the controller to form a closed-loop control, ensuring that the horizontal displacement positioning accuracy is ≤±0.005mm; the drive cable of the linear motor 501 and the signal cable of the first grating ruler 503 are fixed to the side of the horizontal frame 3 by drag chains to avoid cable entanglement or wear during movement, thereby improving the stability and service life of the mechanism; the horizontal tensioning mechanism can accurately control the horizontal movement distance and speed of the multi-layer frame 4, and then apply horizontal tension force to the fabric through the follow-up reset mechanism 7 and the clamp 10 to meet the horizontal tension performance testing requirements of different fabrics, providing a stable horizontal force source for multi-directional composite tensioning.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 The longitudinal tensioning mechanism 9 includes a third motor 901, a ball screw 902, a screw sleeve 903, a second grating ruler 904, and a second reading head 905. The third motor 901 is fixed to the bottom of the lifting frame 8, and its output shaft is connected to the ball screw 902. The ball screw 902 is rotatably connected inside the lifting frame 8. The screw sleeve 903 is sleeved on the circumferential surface of the ball screw 902 and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the horizontal plate 801. The second grating ruler 904 is fixedly connected between the upper and lower inner walls of the lifting frame 8. The second reading head 905 is fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal plate 801 and cooperates with the second grating ruler 904.

[0039] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that: the third motor 901 is fixed to the mounting base at the bottom of the lifting frame 8 by bolts, and the output shaft is rigidly connected to the ball screw 902 through a coupling to ensure seamless power transmission and stepless speed regulation from 0-30mm / s, meeting the testing requirements of different fabrics for longitudinal tensile speed; the ball screw 902 is a high-precision C3-grade ball screw, which is rotatably connected to the bearing seats inside the lifting frame 8 through angular contact ball bearings at both ends; the inner ring of the screw sleeve 903 mates with the ball screw 902, and the outer ring is fixed to the bottom of the horizontal plate 801 by bolts through a flange, with reinforcing ribs at the connection to prevent deformation under stress; the second grating ruler 904 is an incremental grating ruler, fixed along the vertical direction of the lifting frame 8 on the upper... Between the lower inner walls, a reference component for longitudinal displacement measurement is used; the second reading head 905 is used in conjunction with the second grating ruler 904 and is fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal plate 801 by a bracket. The distance between its detection surface and the surface of the second grating ruler 904 is controlled at 0.5±0.1mm. It can collect longitudinal displacement signals in real time and feed them back to the controller to form a closed-loop control, ensuring that the longitudinal displacement positioning accuracy is ≤±0.005mm; the longitudinal tensioning mechanism precisely controls the up and down movement distance and speed of the horizontal plate 801, and then applies longitudinal tensile force to the fabric through the extension frame 12 and the clamp 10. The force value control accuracy is ±1%FS, which meets the requirements of longitudinal tensile performance testing of different fabrics and provides a stable longitudinal force source for multi-directional composite tensioning.

[0040] Reference Figure 5 The lower layer 401, the middle layer 402 and the upper layer 403 are fixedly connected by reinforcing rods 404 installed at the four corners.

[0041] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that: the lower plate 401, the middle plate 402, and the upper plate 403 together constitute the main frame of the multi-layer frame 4. They are all made of high-strength aluminum alloy plates and are precision milled. The reinforcing rods 404 are made of No. 45 steel and are heat-treated. They pass through the four pre-set mounting holes at the four corners of the lower plate 401, the middle plate 402, and the upper plate 403, and are fastened to the three plates with nuts. This connection structure forms a rigid support through the symmetrically distributed reinforcing rods 404 at the four corners, which avoids the impact of frame deformation on the accuracy of horizontal tension torque transmission. At the same time, it provides a stable installation base for the follow-up reset mechanism 7 and ensures the matching accuracy of its moving parts.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 An angle sensor 14 is provided on the extension frame 12, and the detection end of the angle sensor 14 is connected to the clamp 10.

[0043] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that: the detection end of the angle sensor 14 is connected to the rotating shaft of the clamp 10 through an elastic coupling. The coupling adopts a cross-slider structure, which can compensate for slight axial and radial deviations generated during installation and ensure the accuracy of angle detection. When the clamp 10 deflects at an angle due to fabric stretching, the angle sensor 14 can capture the deflection angle signal in real time and transmit the data to the controller. This structure enables dynamic monitoring of the angle change of the clamp 10 during fabric stretching and forms a linkage with the motion parameters of the horizontal stretching mechanism 5, the longitudinal stretching mechanism 9, and the rotating mechanism 6. By integrating angle data with tension and displacement data, the controller can establish a three-dimensional correlation model of tension, displacement, and angle, providing key parameters for analyzing the mechanical properties of the fabric under multi-directional stretching and effectively improving the integrity and analysis accuracy of the test data.

[0044] Reference Figure 5 An electric locking device 11 is installed on the side of the upper plate 403. The electric locking device 11 is used to fix the position of the spherical shaft 701.

[0045] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that: the electric locking device 11 consists of a miniature electric push rod and an arc-shaped locking block, which is rigidly connected to the side mounting seat of the upper plate 403 by bolts. The inner surface of the locking block is adapted to the outer surface of the spherical shaft 701. Before the test, when the initial position of the spherical shaft 701 needs to be fixed, the controller sends a locking signal, and the miniature electric push rod pushes the arc-shaped locking block to retract radially and clamp the spherical shaft 701, thereby locking it through mechanical pressure. During the test, when the constraint needs to be released, the controller sends an unlocking signal, the miniature electric push rod returns to its original position in the reverse direction, the locking block is released, and the spherical shaft 701 can rotate freely within the spherical shaft sleeve 405 without affecting the adaptive adjustment of the follow-up reset mechanism 7. The switching between the locked and unlocked states ensures the controllability and standardization of the initial test conditions and realizes the adaptive adjustment of the fabric deformation during the test. This allows the device to meet the accuracy requirements of traditional unidirectional testing and adapt to the dynamic requirements of complex multidirectional stretching, significantly improving the flexibility and reliability of the test data.

[0046] Reference Figures 1-4 It also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the horizontal tensioning mechanism 5, the rotating mechanism 6, the follow-up reset mechanism 7, the longitudinal tensioning mechanism 9, the industrial camera 15, and the angle sensor 14 to achieve automated control.

[0047] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that: the controller adopts an industrial-grade PLC controller, which can realize parameter setting, status monitoring and data storage functions. The controller has built-in multiple test mode templates, such as uniaxial tension, 30°, 45°, 60°, oblique tension, multi-directional composite tension, etc. Users can directly call or customize parameters. After the test is completed, a test report is automatically generated, which supports USB export or transmission to the host computer via Ethernet. The controller setting realizes the automated collaborative operation of various mechanisms of the device, reduces manual intervention, and shortens the operation time of a single test to 3-5 minutes. At the same time, through multi-parameter synchronous acquisition and closed-loop control, the accuracy and traceability of test data are greatly improved, meeting the needs of batch testing and high-precision analysis.

[0048] Working principle of the invention:

[0049] The main problems solved in this embodiment are: by setting a rotating mechanism 6 to achieve 360° precise rotation of the horizontal frame 3; by coordinating the horizontal stretching mechanism 5 and the longitudinal stretching mechanism 9 to provide multi-directional controllable tension; by using a follow-up reset mechanism 7 to adapt to fabric deformation through the cooperation of the ball shaft 701 and the cross plate 702 and the elastic tension of the tension spring 704; by combining the electric locking device 11 to switch between initial position fixation and release during the test process; and by the controller to automatically coordinate the control of each mechanism, this embodiment solves the problems in the prior art where textile fabric stretching tests can only stretch in one direction or at a fixed angle, local force concentration leads to test deviation, fabric and clamp slippage causes data distortion, cannot adapt to different fabric testing needs, and has a low degree of automation.

[0050] The specific steps are as follows:

[0051] S1 Device Initialization: Start the controller and ensure that all components, including the horizontal tensioning mechanism 5, the rotation mechanism 6, the follow-up reset mechanism 7, the longitudinal tensioning mechanism 9, the industrial camera 15, and the angle sensor 14, are electrically connected to the controller. After the controller completes its self-test, it enters standby mode. The controller controls the electric locking device 11 to be in the locking state, fixing the initial position of the spherical shaft 701 and ensuring that the initial angles of the upper and lower clamps 10 are consistent.

[0052] S2 Fabric clamping: Place the edge of the textile fabric sample to be tested into the slots of the upper and lower clamps 10. The spikes 1001 at the slots of the clamps 10 can penetrate the surface of the fabric to enhance the fixing effect. Control the fourth motor 13 to close the clamps 10 to ensure that the fabric is stably clamped between the two clamps 10. The clamping force is set by the controller according to the fabric type.

[0053] S3 parameter settings: Test-related parameters are set through the controller, including the target rotation angle of the rotating mechanism 6, the horizontal tension and stretching speed of the horizontal tension mechanism 5, the longitudinal tension and stretching speed of the longitudinal tension mechanism 9, the shooting frequency of the industrial camera 15, and the data acquisition frequency of the angle sensor 14.

[0054] S4 Test Preparation: After setting the parameters, control the electric locking device 11 to switch to the unlocked state via the controller, releasing the constraint on the spherical shaft 701, so that the follow-up reset mechanism 7 can adapt to the tensile deformation of the fabric during the test. At the same time, check whether each mechanism is in normal working condition, and prepare to start the test after ensuring that there are no abnormalities;

[0055] S5 Start-up Test: The controller issues a test start command. The rotating mechanism 6 drives the first bevel gear 602 to rotate via the first motor 601. The first bevel gear 602 drives the second bevel gear 603 to rotate. The second bevel gear 603 drives the central shaft 604 to rotate, which in turn drives the horizontal frame 3 to rotate as a whole, adjusting the horizontal angle of the horizontal frame 3. The horizontal stretching mechanism 5 drives the multi-layer frame 4 to move horizontally via the linear motor 501, applying a horizontal tension to the fabric. The longitudinal stretching mechanism 9 drives the ball screw 902 to rotate via the third motor 901, causing the horizontal plate 801 to move up and down, applying a longitudinal tension to the fabric. During the stretching process, the spherical shaft 701 of the follow-up reset mechanism 7 rotates freely with the deformation of the fabric. The cross plate 702 balances the force on the fabric through the elastic tension of the tension spring 704, avoiding localized force concentration.

[0056] S6 Data Acquisition: During the test, the industrial camera 15 captures images of the fabric's tensile deformation at a set frequency. The angle sensor 14 detects the angle change of the fixture 10 in real time and transmits the data to the controller. The first grating ruler 503 of the horizontal tensioning mechanism 5 and the second grating ruler 904 of the longitudinal tensioning mechanism 9 collect horizontal and longitudinal displacement data respectively. The controller synchronously records various data such as tension, displacement, angle, and images.

[0057] S7 Test End: When the fabric stretches to the set displacement or tensile value, the controller issues a stop command, and each mechanism stops working and resets; the control clamp 10 is released, and the tested fabric sample is taken out; the controller automatically processes the collected data, generates a test report, and obtains the fabric tensile test data model, which can be saved through the controller's storage function or exported to an external device.

[0058] S8 Device Reset: After the test is completed, turn off the controller, clean and inspect all components of the device to ensure that the next test can be performed normally.

[0059] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A central frame (2) is fixedly connected to the top center of the base (1), and a lifting frame (8) is fixedly installed at the edge of the base (1). A horizontal plate (801) and a longitudinal tensioning mechanism (9) are provided on the lifting frame (8). The horizontal plate (801) is driven to move vertically in a straight line by the longitudinal tensioning mechanism (9). An extension frame (12) is fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal plate (801), and an industrial camera (15) is fixedly connected to the side of the extension frame (12). A horizontal frame (3) and a rotating mechanism (6) are provided on the central frame (2). The rotating mechanism (6) drives the horizontal plate (801) to move vertically in a straight line. The horizontal frame (3) rotates horizontally. A horizontal tensioning mechanism (5) is provided on the horizontal frame (3). The multi-layer frame (4) moves horizontally and linearly through the horizontal tensioning mechanism (5). The multi-layer frame (4) is composed of a lower plate (401), a middle plate (402) and an upper plate (403). A ball bushing (405) is provided at the center of the upper plate (403). A follow-up reset mechanism (7) is provided on the multi-layer frame (4). The end of the extension frame (12) is fixedly connected to a fourth motor (13). The output end of the fourth motor (13) is fixedly connected to one of the clamps (10). The follow-up reset mechanism (7) includes a spherical shaft (701), a cross plate (702), a turntable (703), a tension spring (704), and a second motor (705). The spherical shaft (701) is rotatably fitted inside the spherical shaft sleeve (405), and its lower end is connected to the cross plate (702). The edge of the cross plate (702) is connected to the turntable (703) through the tension spring (704). The second motor (705) is fixedly installed on the lower plate (401), and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the turntable (703). The upper end of the spherical shaft (701) is fixedly connected to another clamp (10). The fabric is fixedly installed between the two clamps (10) for tensile testing. The rotating mechanism (6) includes a first motor (601), a first bevel gear (602), a second bevel gear (603), and a central shaft (604). The first motor (601) is fixed inside the central frame (2), and its output shaft is connected to the first bevel gear (602). The central shaft (604) is rotatably connected inside the central frame (2), and its upper end is fixedly connected to the horizontal frame (3). The second bevel gear (603) is fixed on the circumferential surface of the central shaft (604), and the first bevel gear (602) meshes with the second bevel gear (603). The horizontal tensioning mechanism (5) includes a linear motor (501), a mover seat (502), a first grating ruler (503), and a first reading head (504). The linear motor (501) is fixed inside the horizontal frame (3), and its mover is fixedly connected to the mover seat (502). The mover seat (502) is fixedly connected to the lower plate (401). The first grating ruler (503) is laid on the horizontal frame (3) along the direction of movement of the linear motor (501). The first reading head (504) is fixed to the side of the mover seat (502) and cooperates with the first grating ruler (503). The longitudinal tensioning mechanism (9) includes a third motor (901), a ball screw (902), a screw sleeve (903), a second grating ruler (904), and a second reading head (905). The third motor (901) is fixed at the bottom of the lifting frame (8), and its output shaft is connected to the ball screw (902). The ball screw (902) is rotatably connected inside the lifting frame (8). The screw sleeve (903) is sleeved on the circumferential surface of the ball screw (902) and fixedly connected to the bottom of the horizontal plate (801). The second grating ruler (904) is fixedly connected between the upper and lower inner walls of the lifting frame (8). The second reading head (905) is fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal plate (801) and cooperates with the second grating ruler (904).

2. The multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower plate (401), middle plate (402) and upper plate (403) are fixedly connected by reinforcing rods (404) installed at the four corners.

3. The multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: An angle sensor (14) is provided on the extension frame (12), and the detection end of the angle sensor (14) is connected to the clamp (10).

4. The multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamp (10) has spikes (1001) in the slot. The spikes (1001) are made of tungsten steel and have a conical tip that is evenly distributed.

5. The multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electric locking device (11) is installed on the side of the upper plate (403) to fix the position of the spherical shaft (701).

6. The multi-directional testing device for the tensile properties of textile fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the horizontal stretching mechanism (5), the rotating mechanism (6), the follow-up reset mechanism (7), the longitudinal stretching mechanism (9), the industrial camera (15), and the angle sensor (14) to achieve automated control.

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