Seed corn mechanized combined harvesting method and seed cleaning device thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a seed-production corn mechanized combined harvesting method and a seed cleaning device thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural combined harvesting. A mechanized combined harvesting method for corn for seed production comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a corn variety for seed production; s2, selecting a seed production corn planting mode; s3, selection of line ratio configuration of the parents; s4, in a sowing link, a Beidou navigation precise quantification sowing technology is adopted; s5, introducing an unmanned aerial vehicle technology in field management; s6, adopting a mechanical castration technology; s7, a seed-production corn combined harvester is adopted for operation; starting from multiple dimensions of seed-production corn seed classification and grading, planting mode and satellite positioning sowing, mechanical castration and sampling inspection and the like, a good working condition is uniformly created for mechanical harvesting of seed-production corn, and full-chain mechanical and intelligent production operation from planting to harvesting of the seed-production corn is realized; not only are the production efficiency and the economic benefit remarkably improved, but also the labor intensity of farmers is effectively relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural combine harvesting technology, specifically to a mechanized combine harvesting method for seed corn and its seed cleaning device. Background Technology

[0002] Corn, as my country's largest grain crop, bears the heavy responsibility of strengthening the food security defense line, and the seed corn industry is the "cornerstone" of this defense line, playing a vital role in ensuring the safety of seeds for national grain production, promoting agricultural efficiency, and increasing farmers' income. However, traditional manual harvesting methods, due to their limitations such as low efficiency, labor shortages, and high costs, are difficult to adapt to the needs of large-scale planting, seriously hindering the rapid development of the seed corn industry.

[0003] Most corn harvesters on the market are designed for commercial corn. However, when harvesting seed corn, the unique agronomical characteristics of seed corn, such as plant height, ear height, ear size, and kernel moisture content, differ from those of commercial corn. This leads to adaptability issues for existing harvesters, making it difficult to meet the requirements of low-loss harvesting and resulting in higher seed loss and breakage rates. While foreign seed corn harvesters possess advanced technology, differences in varieties, planting methods, agronomical characteristics, and soil conditions between my country and other countries mean that foreign models cannot fully realize their operational efficiency and quality in my country's main seed corn producing areas. Furthermore, the high cost and safety risks of these machines limit their widespread application.

[0004] It is particularly important to note that existing methods for harvesting seed maize lack a systematic approach, failing to organically integrate planting pattern selection, parent row ratio configuration, and harvesting machinery parameters. This leads to mismatches in the harvesting process, affecting harvest quality. Furthermore, existing seed cleaning devices in harvesters generally suffer from poor separation of kernels from impurities (such as husks, corn silks, and stalks). Traditional seed cleaning devices typically employ simple screening or air separation methods, which are insufficient to effectively remove lightweight impurities mixed with the kernels. Separation is even more difficult when these impurities are adhered to the kernels, resulting in low seed purity and impacting seed quality and subsequent processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art by proposing a mechanized combined harvesting method for seed maize and its seed cleaning device.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A mechanized combine harvesting method for seed maize includes the following steps:

[0008] S1: selection of seed production corn varieties; the seed production corn varieties include excellent varieties with high yield under dense planting, strong stress resistance, stable genetic traits and suitable for mechanized harvesting;

[0009] S2: selection of seed production corn planting patterns; the seed production corn planting patterns include 350-350-630mm planting pattern and 380-380-620mm planting pattern;

[0010] S3: selection of parent line ratio configuration; the parent line ratio configuration includes 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6;

[0011] S4: in the seeding link, the Beidou navigation precision seeding technology is adopted;

[0012] S5: in the field management, the unmanned aerial vehicle technology is introduced for spraying pesticides and spreading fertilizers;

[0013] S6: in the detasseling link, the mechanized detasseling technology is adopted;

[0014] S7: in the harvesting link, the seed production corn combine harvester is adopted for operation.

[0015] Preferably, the 350-350-630mm planting pattern adopts wide-narrow row layout, two 350mm narrow rows are arranged, one 630mm wide row is arranged, and the seed production corn is planted alternately; the 380-380-620mm planting pattern adopts wide-narrow row design, two 380mm narrow rows and one 620mm wide row are arranged alternately for seed production corn planting; the 350-350-630mm planting pattern is selected when the soil fertility is low or the irrigation condition is poor, and the 380-380-620mm planting pattern is selected when the soil fertility is high or the irrigation condition is good.

[0016] Preferably, the parent line ratio configuration in the step S3 is selected under the following conditions: the parent with small pollen amount is set as 1:4 row ratio, and the parent with large pollen amount is set as 1:5 or 1:6 row ratio.

[0017] Preferably, the Beidou navigation precision seeding technology in the step S4 is to use a tractor as power, adopt a mechanical precision seeder for seeding, and determine the accurate position of the seeder through satellite signals;

[0018] The unmanned aerial vehicle technology in the step S5 uses a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, and according to actual needs, carries a pesticide box or a fertilizer spreading device;

[0019] The mechanized detasseling technology in the step S6 uses a self-propelled seed production corn detasseling machine, which is equipped with a walking and working hydraulic system and a rapid response detasseling control system.

[0020] Preferably, the seed production corn combine harvester in the step S7 is selected:

[0021] For the configuration of parent line ratio 1:4, 4-row machine of the seed production corn combine is used for harvesting;

[0022] For the configuration of parent line ratio 1:5 and 1:6, 6-row machine of the seed production corn combine is used for harvesting.

[0023] Preferably, the seed cleaning device comprises a receiving disc, a support plate, a driving motor fixed on the support plate, a rotating rod connected with the output shaft of the driving motor and rotatingly connected on the support plate, and a plurality of poking rods equidistantly distributed on the rotating rod, an arc-shaped exhaust plate coaxially arranged with the rotating rod is fixed on the support plate, air outlets are arranged on both sides of the arc-shaped exhaust plate, and a fan device is connected with the arc-shaped exhaust plate through an air pipe.

[0024] Preferably, the support plate is rotatingly connected with a transmission rod through a support plate, a driving gear is arranged on the transmission rod, a driven gear meshing with the driving gear is arranged on the receiving disc, an upper bevel gear is arranged on the rotating rod, and a lower bevel gear meshing with the upper bevel gear is arranged on the transmission rod.

[0025] Preferably, a moving rod is slidingly connected in the poking rod, a fixed plate is fixed on the moving rod, a sliding groove for sliding of the fixed plate is arranged on the poking rod, an elastic element is arranged between the inner wall of the sliding groove and the fixed plate, a plurality of metal wires are fixed on one end of the moving rod, the metal wires are slidingly connected at the end of the poking rod, and a protrusion movably abutting against the end of the moving rod away from the metal wires is fixed on the inner side wall of the arc-shaped exhaust plate.

[0026] Preferably, the receiving disc comprises a disc body and a receiving cylinder rotatingly connected with the bottom of the disc body, the top wall of the receiving cylinder and the bottom inner wall of the disc body are on the same arc surface, a discharging port is arranged on the top of the receiving cylinder, a rotating seat is rotatingly connected in the receiving cylinder, a rotating groove is arranged on the rotating seat, a connecting rod is fixed on the end of the rotating seat, a secondary bevel gear is arranged on the connecting rod, and a primary bevel gear meshing with the secondary bevel gear is arranged on the transmission rod.

[0027] Preferably, the seed production corn combine comprises a header, a cab, an elevator, a foreign matter removing device, a peeling machine, a grain bin, an oil tank, an engine, a chassis, a control system, and a seed cleaning device, the rear side of the header is connected with the peeling machine through the elevator, the cab and the foreign matter removing device are located above the elevator, the seed cleaning device is located directly below the peeling machine, the grain bin is located at the last side and connected with the peeling machine, and the row distance of the header is set to 520 mm.

[0028] From the above technical solutions, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. In the application, by starting from multiple dimensions such as classification and grading of seed production corn seeds, planting mode and satellite positioning seeding, mechanized detasseling and sampling inspection, a good working condition is created for the mechanized harvesting of seed production corn, realizing the full-chain mechanization and intelligent production operation of seed production corn from planting to harvesting, which not only significantly improves production efficiency and economic benefits, but also effectively reduces the labor intensity of farmers.

[0030] 2. In the application, the seed production corn harvester adopts slow-release ear picking, low-loss conveying, strong impurity removal, rapid seed cleaning, gradual peeling and intelligent control technologies, which can adapt to the characteristics of different plots and varieties of seed production corn, reduce physical damage to seeds, improve production efficiency and economic benefits, and reduce the labor intensity of farmers.

[0031] 3. In the application, by selecting the planting mode of seed production corn, the field with low soil fertility or poor irrigation conditions is suitable for 350-350-630mm planting mode, and the narrow row is arranged alternately with the wide row, the narrow row is beneficial to early soil conservation and reduces soil water evaporation, and the plants can shade each other in the early growth stage, reducing water consumption, and the wide row provides ventilation and light conditions for later growth, promoting root development and improving the utilization efficiency of limited fertility and water by plants; the field with high soil fertility or good irrigation conditions is suitable for 380-380-620mm planting mode, and the overall layout of the wider row makes the field better ventilated and light, which can fully exert the growth potential of plants, promote photosynthesis, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, and is beneficial to ear development and grain filling, improving yield and quality.

[0032] 4. In the application, by selecting the configuration of parent and female row ratio, the variety with small amount of pollen of the male parent is set to 1:4 row ratio to ensure sufficient pollen supply of the female parent and improve the success rate of pollination; the variety with large amount of pollen of the male parent can be set to 1:5 or 1:6 row ratio, such as some excellent male parent varieties with large amount of pollen and strong activity, appropriately expanding the row ratio can not only meet the pollination demand of the female parent, but also reasonably utilize land resources, improve field planting efficiency, and facilitate field management operation.

[0033] 5. In the application, by controlling the operation of the driving motor, the output shaft of the driving motor drives the rotating rod to reciprocate, and then the poking rod on the rotating rod reciprocates in the receiving disc, the poking rod rotates and reverses after moving out of the edge of the receiving disc, so that the poking rod pokes the stems and other larger impurities falling into the receiving disc, and since the distance between the adjacent two poking rods is greater than one corn kernel and less than two corn kernels, the poking rod can poke out the stems in the receiving disc when reciprocating, ensuring the quality of corn kernel collection and reducing the subsequent corn kernel processing process.

[0034] 6. In this invention, when the rotating rod rotates, it drives the upper bevel gear to mesh with the lower bevel gear on the transmission rod, which in turn drives the driving gear to mesh with the driven gear on the receiving plate. This causes the receiving plate to rotate relative to the rotating rod, allowing the material-pulling rod on the rotating rod to pull out impurities from the receiving plate from different angles, thus improving the cleaning effect on the grains.

[0035] 7. In this invention, the rotating rod drives the feeding rod to swing back and forth relative to the arc-shaped exhaust plate when it rotates. When the feeding rod swings in the receiving tray, the end of the moving rod remains in contact with the protrusion. The moving rod pushes several metal wires out of the feeding rod. The metal wires can effectively move the husks or corn silk mixed in the kernels. After the feeding rod moves out of the receiving tray, the end of the moving rod no longer abuts against the protrusion. The moving rod is reset under the elastic force of the compressed elastic element, and the metal wires retract back into the feeding rod. At this time, the unrestricted husks or corn silks move away from the receiving tray under the action of the airflow discharged from the arc-shaped exhaust plate. The setting of the metal wires further ensures the removal effect of impurities in the corn kernels and improves the impurity removal efficiency of the corn kernels.

[0036] 8. In summary, this mechanized combined harvesting method for seed maize provides a complete and systematic solution, and its technical benefits are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0037] (1) Optimization effect of the whole chain

[0038] This method constructs a complete chain from variety selection to harvesting, from S1 to S7, realizing mechanized and intelligent production operations for seed corn from planting to harvesting. The overall effect of this systematic approach far exceeds the simple summation of individual links. Through the synergistic optimization of each link, it reduces the mismatch problems between links in traditional methods, significantly improving production efficiency and economic benefits. The systematic mechanization scheme effectively reduces the labor intensity of farmers, especially in the traditionally high-intensity detasseling and harvesting stages.

[0039] (2) The effect of matching planting pattern with soil conditions

[0040] The study details the compatibility of two planting patterns (350-350-630mm and 380-380-620mm) with soil conditions. For low soil fertility, the narrow row layout of the 350-350-630mm pattern helps retain moisture in the early stages, reducing soil water evaporation. The plants can also provide mutual shading during the early growth phase, reducing water consumption. For high soil fertility, the wider layout of the 380-380-620mm pattern improves ventilation and light penetration, allowing the plants to fully realize their growth potential and promoting photosynthesis. The appropriate selection of these two patterns, under conditions of sufficient fertility and water, is beneficial for ear development and grain filling, increasing yield and quality, and improving resource utilization efficiency.

[0041] (3) The optimization effect of parent line ratio configuration

[0042] The selection conditions of parent line ratio configuration (1:4, 1:5 or 1:6) are specified. The parent with small pollen amount is set to 1:4 line ratio to ensure sufficient pollen supply for the female parent and improve the pollination success rate. The parent with large pollen amount can be set to 1:5 or 1:6 line ratio to meet the pollination demand of the female parent and reasonably utilize land resources to improve field planting efficiency.

[0043] (4) Synergistic effect of technical means

[0044] The synergistic cooperation of each technical means (Beidou navigation, unmanned aerial vehicle, and detasseling machine) with the harvester model is described. The Beidou navigation precision seeding technology ensures straight and uniform row spacing, laying a foundation for subsequent mechanized operation. The unmanned aerial vehicle technology improves fertilizer utilization rate and promotes corn growth. Different harvester models (4-row machine or 6-row machine) are selected according to the parent line ratio to fully utilize the operation efficiency of the machine and complete the harvesting task of large area more quickly.

[0045] 9. Technical effects of seed cleaning device and its synergistic effect

[0046] As a key component for implementing the method, the seed cleaning device has the following technical effects:

[0047] (1) High-efficiency impurity removal effect

[0048] Multi-stage impurity separation: The air flow from the air outlet of the arc-shaped exhaust plate blows the light-weight bracts and corn silk in the falling material, achieving first-stage separation.

[0049] Stirring rod mechanism: The stirring rod stirs the larger impurities such as stems falling into the receiving tray, achieving second-stage separation.

[0050] Metal wire cleaning mechanism: The metal wire effectively stirs the bracts or corn silk mixed in the kernels, achieving third-stage separation.

[0051] Comprehensive impurity removal effect: Ensures the removal effect of impurities in corn kernels and improves the efficiency of corn kernel impurity removal.

[0052] (2) Protection of kernel quality

[0053] Low-damage design: The distance between adjacent two stirring rods is greater than one corn kernel and less than two corn kernels, avoiding damage to the kernels.

[0054] Classification processing: Through the multi-stage separation mechanism, the contact and friction between kernels and impurities are reduced, and the physical damage to the seeds is reduced.

[0055] Seed purity is improved: By effectively removing impurities, the purity of the seed and the quality of the harvest are significantly improved.

[0056] (3) Synergistic effect with the combined harvesting method

[0057] The synergistic effect of the seed cleaning device with the overall harvesting method mainly lies in:

[0058] Seamless harvesting process: The seed cleaning device is located directly below the peeling machine and can timely process the mixed materials generated during the peeling process.

[0059] Adapt to different planting patterns: The seed cleaning device is designed to meet the harvesting needs of different planting patterns, ensuring the harvesting quality of different plots and varieties of seed corn characteristics.

[0060] Enhance the overall method effect: As a key component of efficient and low-loss harvesting, the seed cleaning device significantly improves the technical effect of the overall method and solves the problem of difficult separation of grains and impurities in the traditional harvesting process.

[0061] 10. Overall system synergistic technical effect

[0062] The combination of the seed corn mechanized combined harvesting method and the seed cleaning device produces the following overall system synergistic technical effects:

[0063] Full-process quality assurance: From variety selection, planting patterns, parent configuration to harvesting and seed cleaning, the full-process optimization ensures the high quality of seed corn.

[0064] Optimization of resource utilization: Through precise control and matching of each link, the optimal allocation and utilization of land, water, fertilizer, seeds and other resources are achieved.

[0065] Yield and quality are improved: The systematic approach not only improves yield, but also ensures seed quality through the seed cleaning device.

[0066] Economic benefits are significant: Full-chain mechanization and intelligent production operations significantly improve production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0067] Strong adaptability: The overall scheme can be flexibly adjusted according to different regions, varieties, and soil conditions, and has strong adaptability.

[0068] In summary, the seed corn mechanized combined harvesting method and its seed cleaning device construct a highly systematic and synergistically optimized technical solution, providing a complete solution for the seed corn industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 is the left view of the 4-row seed corn harvester in the present application;

[0070] Figure 2Front view of 4-row seed production corn harvester in the present application;

[0071] Figure 3 Front view of 4-row seed production corn harvester in the present application;

[0072] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of 4-row machine harvesting under 350-350-630mm planting mode in the present application;

[0073] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of 6-row machine harvesting under 350-350-630mm planting mode in the present application;

[0074] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of 4-row machine harvesting under 380-380-620mm planting mode in the present application;

[0075] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of 6-row machine harvesting under 380-380-620mm planting mode in the present application;

[0076] Figure 8 Structure schematic diagram of seed cleaning device in the present application;

[0077] Figure 9 Structure schematic diagram of gear meshing of seed cleaning device in the present application;

[0078] Figure 10 Partial section structure schematic diagram of seed cleaning device in the present application;

[0079] Figure 11 A enlarged structure schematic diagram of A part of Figure 10 in the present application;

[0080] Figure 12 Section structure schematic diagram of material pushing rod in the present application.

[0081] In the figure: 1, header; 2, cab; 3, elevator; 4, impurity removing device; 5, peeling machine; 6, grain tank; 7, oil tank; 8, seed cleaning device; 801, receiving disc; 8011, disc body; 8012, receiving cylinder; 8013, discharge port; 802, support plate; 803, driving motor; 804, rotating rod; 8041, upper bevel gear; 805, material pushing rod; 8051, chute; 9, engine; 10, chassis; 11, seed production corn plant; 12, arc-shaped exhaust plate; 121, air injection port; 122, protrusion; 13, transmission rod; 131, driving gear; 132, driven gear; 133, main bevel gear; 134, lower bevel gear; 14, moving rod; 141, fixed plate; 142, elastic element; 143, wire; 15, material rotating seat; 151, material rotating groove; 152, connecting rod; 1521, sub bevel gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0083] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions:

[0084] Reference Figures 1-7 This embodiment provides a mechanized combine harvesting method for seed maize, including the following steps:

[0085] S1: Selection of Seed Maize Varieties: Seed maize varieties include high-yielding varieties that are tolerant of dense planting, have strong stress resistance, stable genetic traits, and are suitable for mechanized harvesting. When the planting area is Northeast China, select one or more of Demeya No. 1, Longgao L2, and Ruipu 909; when the planting area is North China, select one or more of Zhengdan 958, Xianyu 335, Jingke 968, and Longgeng 976; when the planting area is Northwest China, select one or more of Xianyu 1225, Denghai 605, and Nongsanjiabangboshi R85; when the planting area is Southwest China, select one or more of Xingnongdan No. 9, Zhongdan 808, and Zhenghong 325.

[0086] S2: Selection of planting pattern for seed production maize: The planting patterns for seed production maize include the 350-350-630mm planting pattern and the 380-380-620mm planting pattern;

[0087] S3: Selection of Parent-to-Student Ratio: Parent-to-Student Ratio configurations include 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6;

[0088] S4: In the seeding stage, Beidou navigation precision seeding technology is adopted;

[0089] S5: In field management, drone technology is introduced for spraying pesticides and spreading fertilizers;

[0090] S6: Mechanized demasking technology is used in the demasking process;

[0091] S7: During the harvesting stage, a seed corn combine harvester is used.

[0092] The application realizes the whole-chain mechanization and intelligent production operation of seed production corn from planting to harvesting through the optimization selection of varieties and planting modes and the deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy such as mechanized combined low-loss harvesting technology, which not only significantly improves the production efficiency and economic benefit, but also effectively reduces the labor intensity of farmers.

[0093] With reference to Figures 1-7 , as the preferred technical scheme of the embodiment, the 350-350-630mm planting mode adopts wide-narrow row layout, two 350mm narrow rows are arranged, one 630mm wide row is arranged, and seed production corn is planted alternately, the narrow row is beneficial to early soil conservation and reduces soil water evaporation, the plants can shade each other in the early growth stage, reduces water consumption, and the wide row provides ventilation and light conditions for later growth, promotes root development, and improves the utilization efficiency of limited fertility and water by the plants;

[0094] The 380-380-620mm planting mode adopts wide-narrow row design, two 380mm narrow rows and one 620mm wide row are arranged alternately to carry out seed production corn planting; the 350-350-630mm planting mode is selected when the soil fertility is low or the irrigation condition is poor, and the 380-380-620mm planting mode is selected when the soil fertility is high or the irrigation condition is good, and the wider overall layout makes the ventilation and light transmittance better in the field, and when the fertility and water are sufficient, the growth potential of the plants can be fully utilized, photosynthesis is promoted, the occurrence of diseases and pests is reduced, which is beneficial to ear development and grain filling, and improves yield and quality.

[0095] With reference to Figures 1-7 , as the preferred technical scheme of the embodiment, the parent line ratio configuration selection condition in step S3 is that the parent with small pollen amount is set to 1:4 of the line ratio to ensure that the female parent has sufficient pollen supply and improve the pollination success rate; the parent with large pollen amount is set to 1:5 or 1:6 of the line ratio, for example, some excellent parent varieties have large pollen amount and strong activity, and the line ratio is appropriately expanded, which can meet the pollination demand of the female parent, reasonably utilize land resources, improve field planting efficiency, and facilitate field management operation.

[0096] With reference to Figures 1-7As the preferred technical solution of the embodiment, the Beidou navigation precision seeding technology in step S4 uses a tractor as the power source, adopts a mechanical precision seeder for seeding, and determines the accurate position of the seeder through satellite signals. Before seeding, the seeding amount, row spacing, plant spacing and other parameters of the seeder are adjusted according to the requirements of the planting variety and the soil conditions. For example, for densely planted varieties, the plant spacing is appropriately reduced and the planting density is increased; for sparsely planted varieties, the plant spacing is correspondingly increased. The seeder determines the accurate position through satellite signals and seeds according to the preset route and parameters. During field operation, the satellite navigation system guides the tractor to travel in a straight line in real time, ensuring that the seeding row is straight and the row spacing is uniform and consistent. At the same time, the seeding depth is accurately controlled to make the seeds fall into the appropriate soil layer, ensuring the conditions required for seed germination and seedling emergence.

[0097] The unmanned aerial vehicle technology in step S5 uses a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, which carries a pesticide tank or a fertilizer spreading device according to actual needs. During disease and pest control, the pesticide is accurately prepared and loaded into the pesticide tank according to the monitoring situation of diseases and pests. The unmanned aerial vehicle flies according to the preset route, and through the precise flight control system and the spraying system (which are prior art), the pesticide is uniformly sprayed on the seed production corn plants, ensuring comprehensive coverage and accurate dosage, effectively preventing diseases and pests. During fertilization, the appropriate amount of fertilizer is loaded into the spreading device according to the soil fertility test results and the growth stage requirements of corn. During the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the fertilizer is spread according to the set fertilization amount and range, and the fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the field, improving the fertilizer utilization rate and promoting the growth of corn.

[0098] The mechanical detasseling technology in step S6 uses a self-propelled seed production corn detasseling machine, which is equipped with a walking and working hydraulic system and a fast-response detasseling control system, which are prior art. Before detasseling, the height of the cutting knife and the wheel distance of the detasseling machine are adjusted according to the height and row spacing of the corn plants, etc., to ensure that the detasseling machine matches the growth conditions of the corn in the field. During operation, the detasseling machine realizes stable walking and precise detasseling operation through the walking and working hydraulic system and the fast-response detasseling control system. The cutting knife or grabbing device accurately removes the tassels under the command of the control system, while avoiding damage to the plant leaves and stems, improving the detasseling quality and efficiency.

[0099] Referring to Figures 1-7 As the preferred technical solution of the embodiment, the selection of the corn combine harvester in step S7 is as follows:

[0100] For a configuration with a parent line to tester line ratio of 1:4, a 4-row machine of the seed production corn combine harvester is used for harvesting;

[0101] For configurations with a parent line to tester line ratio of 1:5 and 1:6, a 6-row machine of the seed production corn combine harvester is used for harvesting;

[0102] The corn combine harvester in step S7 includes a header 1, a cab 2, an elevator 3, a trash removal device 4, a husker 5, a grain tank 6, an oil tank 7, a seed cleaning device 8, an engine 9, a chassis 10, and a control system. The header 1 includes a divider, a rubber swath belt, a head plate, a stalk roller, a screw conveyor, a stalk stopper, a shroud, a headstock, and a gap electric control adjusting mechanism. The header 1 is connected to the husker 5 through the elevator 3 at the rear side of the header 1. The cab 2 and the trash removal device 4 are located above the elevator 3. The elevator 3 includes a rubber conveyor belt and a baffle. The trash removal device 4 includes a centrifugal fan and a secondary stalk roller. The husker 5 includes a splitter, a head wheel, a star wheel, a throwing wheel, and a combined rubber husking roller. The grain tank 6 includes a canvas buffer belt and a hydraulic unloading frame. The seed cleaning device 8 is located directly below the husker 5 and is fixed by bolts. The grain tank 6 is located at the rear end and is connected to the husker 5. The header 1, the cab 2, the elevator 3, the grain tank 6, the oil tank 7, the seed cleaning device 8, and the engine 9 are all fixed to the chassis 10 by bolts.

[0103] Specifically, during the driving of the harvester in the field, the divider of the header 1 separates the corn plants, and the rubber swath belt guides the plants to the head plate and the stalk roller. The head plate and the stalk roller cooperate to pick the ears and convey them to the elevator 3 through the screw conveyor. The elevator 3 lifts the ears to the husker 5, and the trash removal device 4 removes most of the corn stalks and leaves fed in. The head wheel, the star wheel, the throwing wheel, and the combined rubber husking roller of the husker 5 work together to complete the husking operation of the ears. The clean corn ears are then stored in the grain tank 6. The bracts, stalks, and grains that are peeled off are separated by the seed cleaning device 8. The grains are collected, and the impurities such as bracts are removed.

[0104] For the above two planting modes, the ear-picking row spacing of the seed production corn combine harvester header 1 is set to 520 mm, which helps to improve the harvesting efficiency and ensure the stability and smoothness of the harvester when working in the rows. Since the male parent row of the seed production corn is cut off after pollination, the seed production corn plants 11 with a parent-to-male parent row ratio of 1:4 are harvested by a 4-row machine of the seed production corn combine harvester. The seed production corn plants 11 with a parent-to-male parent row ratio of 1:5 and 1:6 are harvested by a 6-row machine of the seed production corn combine harvester, which can fully utilize the working efficiency of the machine and complete the large-area harvesting task more quickly.

[0105] Reference Figures 1-11, as the preferred technical scheme of the embodiment, the seed production corn combine for implementing the above method comprises a header 1, a cab 2, an elevator 3, a trash removal device 4, a husker 5, a grain tank 6, an oil tank 7, a seed cleaning device 8, an engine 9, a chassis 10 and a control system. Among them, the seed cleaning device 8 as the key component to realize efficient cleaning is installed on the chassis 10 and located directly below the husker 5. Specifically, the seed cleaning device 8 comprises a material receiving disc 801 arranged on the chassis 10, a support plate 802 fixedly connected with the chassis 10, a drive motor 803 fixedly arranged on the support plate 802, a rotating rod 804 rotatably connected with the support plate 802 and connected with the output shaft of the drive motor 803, and a plurality of material stirring rods 805 equidistantly arranged on the rotating rod 804. The support plate 802 is fixedly arranged with an arc-shaped air exhaust plate 12 coaxially arranged with the rotating rod 804. The arc-shaped air exhaust plate 12 is provided with air outlets 121 on both sides, and the arc-shaped air exhaust plate 12 is connected with a fan device through an air pipe.

[0106] Specifically, after the husker 5 completes the husking operation of the ear, the clean corn ear is stored in the grain tank 6, and the bracts, stems and grains peeled off fall into the material receiving disc 801. In the process of falling of the materials, the fan device introduces air into the arc-shaped air exhaust plate 12 through the air pipe, and the air is discharged from the air outlets 121. The discharged air flow blows the light bracts and corn silk in the falling materials, so that the bracts and the like are scattered on the side of the material receiving disc 801. By controlling the operation of the drive motor 803, the output shaft of the drive motor 803 drives the rotating rod 804 to reciprocate, and then the material stirring rods 805 on the rotating rod 804 reciprocate in the material receiving disc 801. The material stirring rods 805 rotate and turn back after moving out of the edge of the material receiving disc 801, so that the material stirring rods 805 stir the larger materials such as stems falling into the material receiving disc 801. The distance between the adjacent two material stirring rods 805 is greater than one corn kernel and less than two corn kernels, so that the material stirring rods 805 can stir the stems in the material receiving disc 801 when reciprocating.

[0107] Referring to Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 , as the preferred technical scheme of the embodiment, the support plate 802 is rotatably connected with a transmission rod 13. The transmission rod 13 is provided with a driving gear 131. The material receiving disc 801 is provided with a driven gear 132 engaged with the driving gear 131. The rotating rod 804 is provided with an upper bevel gear 8041. The transmission rod 13 is provided with a lower bevel gear 134 engaged with the upper bevel gear 8041. A housing protection is arranged at the gear engagement position.

[0108] Specifically, when the rotating rod 804 rotates, it drives the upper bevel gear 8041 to mesh with the lower bevel gear 134 on the transmission rod 13, which in turn drives the driving gear 131 to mesh with the driven gear 132 on the receiving plate 801. This causes the receiving plate 801 to rotate relative to the rotating rod 804, allowing the material-pushing rod 805 on the rotating rod 804 to push out impurities from the receiving plate 801 from different angles, thus improving the cleaning effect on the grains.

[0109] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As a preferred technical solution in this embodiment, a movable rod 14 is slidably connected inside the material feeding rod 805. A fixed plate 141 is fixedly provided on the movable rod 14. A groove 8051 for sliding the fixed plate 141 is provided on the material feeding rod 805. An elastic element 142 is provided between the inner wall of the groove 8051 and the fixed plate 141. The elastic element 142 is a spring. A plurality of metal wires 143 are fixedly provided at one end of the movable rod 14. The metal wires 143 are slidably connected to the end of the material feeding rod 805. A protrusion 122 is fixedly provided on the inner side wall of the arc-shaped exhaust plate 12, which movably abuts against the end of the movable rod 14 away from the metal wires 143.

[0110] Specifically, the arc-shaped exhaust plate 12 blows the falling material, but some husks or corn silks still remain mixed in with the kernels and fall into the receiving tray 801. When the rotating rod 804 rotates, it drives the material-pushing rod 805 to swing back and forth relative to the arc-shaped exhaust plate 12. When the material-pushing rod 805 swings in the receiving tray 801, the end of the moving rod 14 remains in contact with the protrusion 122. The moving rod 14 pushes several metal wires 143 out of the material-pushing rod 805. The metal wires 143 are elastic and have a certain arc when they are removed from the material-pushing rod 805. Multiple wires on the same material-pushing rod 805... The spacing between the metal wires 143 is less than the size of a single grain, preventing grains from getting mixed in between the metal wires 143. This allows the metal wires 143 to effectively move the husks or corn silk mixed in with the grains. When the feeding rod 805 moves out of the receiving tray 801, the end of the moving rod 14 no longer abuts against the protrusion 122. The moving rod 14 is reset under the elastic force of the compressed elastic element 142, and the metal wires 143 retract back into the feeding rod 805. At this time, the unrestricted husks or corn silk move away from the receiving tray 801 under the action of the airflow discharged from the arc-shaped exhaust plate 12.

[0111] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11, as the preferred technical solution of the embodiment, the receiving tray 801 comprises a receiving tray body 8011 and a receiving cylinder 8012 rotatably connected to the bottom of the receiving tray body 8011, the bottom of the receiving cylinder 8012 is fixedly connected to the bottom tray 10, the top wall of the receiving cylinder 8012 is on the same camber surface with the inner wall of the bottom of the receiving tray body 8011, the top of the receiving cylinder 8012 is provided with a discharging port 8013, the receiving cylinder 8012 is rotatably connected with a material rotating seat 15, the material rotating seat 15 is provided with a material rotating groove 151, the end of the material rotating seat 15 is fixedly provided with a connecting rod 152, the connecting rod 152 is provided with a secondary bevel gear 1521, the transmission rod 13 is provided with a primary bevel gear 133 engaged with the secondary bevel gear 1521;

[0112] Specifically, with the continuous falling of the material, the excessive seed material accumulated in the receiving tray body 8011 makes it difficult for the material removing rod 805 to remove the impurities mixed in the seed material, and the excessive seed material will affect the removal of the impurities by the material removing rod 805. When the transmission rod 13 rotates, the primary bevel gear 133 on the transmission rod 13 engages and drives the secondary bevel gear 1521 on the connecting rod 152, and the connecting rod 152 drives the material rotating seat 15 to reciprocate and rotate in the receiving cylinder 8012. When the material rotating groove 151 of the material rotating seat 15 is aligned with the discharging port 8013, the corn kernels in the top center of the receiving cylinder 8012 after being removed by the material removing rod 805 for multiple times fall into the material rotating groove 151. With the continuous rotation of the material rotating seat 15, the opening of the material rotating groove 151 faces downward, so that the seed material in the receiving tray body 8011 after being removed of impurities falls into the receiving cylinder 8012, ensuring the removal effect of the material removing rod 805 on the impurities in the receiving tray body 8011.

[0113] In step S7, the seed production corn combine harvester equipped with the specific seed cleaning device 8 is used for operation, which is a key component for efficient and low-loss harvesting. The seed cleaning device 8 effectively solves the problem of difficult separation of seed and impurities in the traditional harvesting process through its unique material removing rod structure and metal wire removing mechanism, significantly improving the seed purity and harvesting quality.

Claims

1. A method of mechanically combining seed corn, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: S1: selection of seed corn varieties; the seed corn varieties include excellent varieties with high yield, strong stress resistance, stable genetic traits and suitable for mechanized harvesting; S2: selection of seed corn planting mode; the seed corn planting mode includes 350-350-630mm planting mode and 380-380-620mm planting mode; S3: selection of parent line ratio configuration; the parent line ratio configuration includes 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6; S4: in the seeding link, the Beidou navigation precision seeding technology is adopted; S5: in the field management, the unmanned aerial vehicle technology is introduced for spraying pesticides and spreading fertilizers; S6: in the detasseling link, the mechanical detasseling technology is adopted; S7: in the harvesting link, the seed corn combine harvester is used for operation.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The 350-350-630mm planting mode adopts wide-narrow row layout, two 350mm narrow rows are arranged, one 630mm wide row is arranged, and seed corn is planted alternately; the 380-380-620mm planting mode adopts wide-narrow row design, two 380mm narrow rows and one 620mm wide row are arranged alternately for seed corn planting; the 350-350-630mm planting mode is selected when the soil fertility is low or the irrigation condition is poor, and the 380-380-620mm planting mode is selected when the soil fertility is high or the irrigation condition is good.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The parent line ratio configuration selection condition in the step S3: the parent with small pollen amount is set as 1:4 row ratio, and the parent with large pollen amount is set as 1:5 or 1:6 row ratio.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The Beidou navigation precision seeding technology in the step S4 is to use a tractor as power, adopt a mechanical precision seeder for seeding, and determine the accurate position of the seeder through satellite signals; The unmanned aerial vehicle technology in the step S5 uses a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, carries a pesticide box or a fertilizer spreading device according to actual needs; The mechanical detasseling technology in the step S6 uses a self-propelled seed corn detasseling machine, which is equipped with a walking and working hydraulic system and a rapid response detasseling control system.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The selection of the corn combine harvester in the step S7: For the parent line ratio configuration of 1:4, the 4-row machine of the seed corn combine harvester is used for harvesting; For the parent line ratio configuration of 1:5 and 1:6, the 6-row machine of the seed corn combine harvester is used for harvesting.

6. A seed cleaning apparatus for use in carrying out the method of claim 5, wherein, The seed cleaning device (8) comprises a material receiving disc (801), a supporting plate (802), a driving motor (803) fixed on the supporting plate (802), a rotating rod (804) connected with the output shaft of the driving motor (803) and rotatingly connected to the supporting plate (802), and a plurality of material stirring rods (805) equidistantly distributed on the rotating rod (804). An arc-shaped exhaust plate (12) coaxially arranged with the rotating rod (804) is fixed on the supporting plate (802). Gas injection ports (121) are arranged on both sides of the arc-shaped exhaust plate (12). The arc-shaped exhaust plate (12) is connected with a fan device through an air pipe.

7. The seed cleaning apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The support plate (802) is rotationally connected with a transmission rod (13) through a support plate, a driving gear (131) is arranged on the transmission rod (13), a driven gear (132) meshing with the driving gear (131) is arranged on the material receiving disc (801), an upper bevel gear (8041) is arranged on the rotating rod (804), and a lower bevel gear (134) meshing with the upper bevel gear (8041) is arranged on the transmission rod (13).

8. The seed cleaning apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The moving rod (14) is slidably connected in the material stirring rod (805), the fixed plate (141) is fixedly arranged on the moving rod (14), the sliding groove (8051) for the sliding of the fixed plate (141) is arranged on the material stirring rod (805), the elastic element (142) is arranged between the inner wall of the sliding groove (8051) and the fixed plate (141), the metal wires (143) are arranged on one end of the moving rod (14), the metal wires (143) are slidably connected to the end of the material stirring rod (805), and the convex block (122) is fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the arc-shaped exhaust plate (12) and is in movable abutment with the end of the moving rod (14) away from the metal wires (143).

9. The seed cleaning apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The material receiving disc (801) comprises a disc body (8011) and a material receiving cylinder (8012) rotationally connected to the bottom of the disc body (8011), the top wall of the material receiving cylinder (8012) and the bottom inner wall of the disc body (8011) are on the same camber surface, the top of the material receiving cylinder (8012) is provided with a discharging port (8013), the material receiving cylinder (8012) is rotationally connected with a material rotating seat (15), the material rotating seat (15) is provided with a material rotating groove (151), the end of the material rotating seat (15) is fixedly provided with a connecting rod (152), the connecting rod (152) is provided with a secondary bevel gear (1521), and the transmission rod (13) is provided with a primary bevel gear (133) meshing with the secondary bevel gear (1521).

10. A maize grain production combine for carrying out the method of claim 5, characterized in that, The seed production corn combine harvester comprises a header (1), a cab (2), an elevator (3), a foreign matter removing device (4), a peeling machine (5), a grain tank (6), an oil tank (7), an engine (9), a chassis (10), a control system and the seed cleaning device (8) of claim 9, the seed cleaning device (8) is installed on the chassis (10), the rear side of the header (1) is connected with the peeling machine (5) through the elevator (3), the cab (2) and the foreign matter removing device (4) are located above the elevator (3), the seed cleaning device (8) is located directly below the peeling machine (5), the grain tank (6) is located at the last side and is connected with the peeling machine (5), and the header (1) is provided with a 520mm distance between the header rows.

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