Modularized seaweed field suitable for deepwater sea areas with various substrates and construction method of modularized seaweed field

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of marine ecological engineering, and particularly relates to a modularized seaweed field suitable for deepwater sea areas with various substrates and a construction method of the modularized seaweed field. The invention discloses a modularized seaweed field suitable for deepwater sea areas with various substrates. The modularized seaweed field comprises buoys, a mooring rope A, an upper mooring rope connecting piece, a lower mooring rope connecting piece, a fixing weight, a seaweed reef body and the like. The corresponding construction method of the deepwater sea area seaweed field comprises five steps of environmental parameter acquisition, system configuration design, modular assembly, offshore layout and depth regulation and control and monitoring and dynamic maintenance. The modularized seaweed field has a depth adjusting function, the seaweed can be always in a suitable light layer, the photosynthesis efficiency and biomass production are remarkably improved, and the fundamental contradiction of insufficient illumination in a deep water area is solved. The device is suitable for hard rock reef substrates, is especially suitable for silt substrates which cannot fix traditional algal reefs, and can stably operate in open sea areas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of marine ecological engineering, and particularly relates to a modular seaweed field suitable for deep water sea areas with various substrates and a construction method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The seaweed field is a typical nearshore marine ecosystem formed by the aggregation of large benthic algae and other organisms, and has extremely high ecological service functions. Not only does it provide habitats, enemy avoidance, foraging and breeding sites for a large number of marine economic organisms, but it also plays a key role in maintaining biodiversity, purifying water quality and promoting marine carbon sequestration.

[0003] However, due to global climate change, marine environmental pollution and frequent human activities in the nearshore area, natural seaweed fields are shrinking year by year, leading to degradation of nearshore ecosystem structure and decline of biodiversity, which has attracted widespread attention.

[0004] At present, the technologies and practices for seaweed field restoration at home and abroad are mainly concentrated in the intertidal zone and shallow water areas (usually less than 5 meters deep), and the technical means mainly rely on the use of sinking structures such as squirrel reefs and cement reefs, or the use of natural rock substrates for algae proliferation. These methods have promoted the recovery of algal resources to some extent, but for deep water areas with large water depth (such as more than 5 meters), muddy substrates, and light that decreases sharply with depth, the existing technical system has obvious limitations and is difficult to achieve efficient and stable ecological construction.

[0005] The core technical bottlenecks it faces mainly include: (1) light limitation: the light intensity in deep water areas is prone to large changes, and fixed algae reefs cannot adapt to changes in light conditions, resulting in low photosynthetic efficiency of algae and limited growth; (2) unsuitable substrate: muddy seabed cannot provide stable anchoring substrate for large algae, and algal spores cannot successfully attach and develop; (3) single function and poor adaptability: traditional sinking algae reefs are heavy and difficult to deploy, and have limited application range, making it difficult to achieve large-scale deployment. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present application aims to provide a modular seaweed field suitable for deep water sea areas with various substrates and a construction method thereof.

[0007] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions: A modular seaweed field suitable for deep water sea areas with various substrates, comprising a float, a cable A, an upper cable connecting piece, a lower cable connecting piece, a fixed weight, and an algae reef body. The bottom of the float is rotationally connected with the top of the upper cable connecting piece, the bottom of the upper cable connecting piece is uniformly connected with a plurality of cables A along the circumference of the upper cable connecting piece, and the upper end of each cable A is connected with the bottom of the upper cable connecting piece respectively; The algae reef body comprises an outer fixing ring and a plurality of attachment substrates, each of the attachment substrates is arranged on the inner side of the outer fixing ring, the outer periphery of the outer fixing ring is uniformly provided with a plurality of cable penetrating rings, the number of the cable penetrating rings corresponds to the number of the cables A, the lower end of each cable A penetrates through a corresponding cable penetrating ring and is connected with the top of the lower cable connecting piece, and the lower end of each cable A is arranged on the top of the lower cable connecting piece along the circumference of the lower cable connecting piece. Each cable A is provided with a support sleeve between the corresponding cable penetrating ring and the lower cable connecting piece, and each support sleeve is provided with an adjusting screw for abutting against the corresponding cable A and fixing the position of the corresponding cable A and the support sleeve.

[0008] The bottom of the fixed weight connecting assembly is provided with an upper hanging ring part, the top of the fixed weight is provided with a lower hanging ring part, and the upper hanging ring part of the fixed weight connecting assembly is connected with the lower hanging ring part of the fixed weight through a cable B.

[0009] The top of the upper cable connecting piece is provided with a rotating clamping joint part A, the bottom of the float is provided with a ring-shaped clamping hoop assembly, and the float is used in cooperation with the rotating clamping joint part A of the upper cable connecting piece through the ring-shaped clamping hoop assembly to realize the rotational connection between the bottom of the float and the top of the upper cable connecting piece. The ring-shaped clamping hoop assembly comprises two half ring-shaped clamping hoop parts A, the two half ring-shaped clamping hoop parts A are connected through bolts, and the inner side of the ring-shaped clamping hoop assembly formed by the connection of the two half ring-shaped clamping hoop parts A forms a ring-shaped clamping groove A matched with the rotating clamping joint part A of the upper cable connecting piece. After the two half ring-shaped clamping hoop parts A are clamped on the outer side of the rotating clamping joint part A of the upper cable connecting piece and the rotating clamping joint part A of the upper cable connecting piece is clamped into the ring-shaped clamping groove A, the ring-shaped clamping hoop assembly formed by the connection of the two half ring-shaped clamping hoop parts A is fixedly connected with the bottom of the float. The bottom of the lower cable connecting piece is provided with a rotating clamping joint part B, and the fixed weight connecting assembly is used in cooperation with the rotating clamping joint part B of the lower cable connecting piece to realize the rotational connection between the fixed weight connecting assembly and the bottom of the lower cable connecting piece. The fixed weight connecting assembly comprises two half-ring-shaped clamping members B, the two half-ring-shaped clamping members B are connected through bolts, and the inner side of the fixed weight connecting assembly formed by the connection of the two half-ring-shaped clamping members B forms a ring-shaped clamping groove B which is matched with the rotating clamping joint part B of the lower cable connecting member. The two half-ring-shaped clamping members B are clamped on the outer side of the rotating clamping joint part B of the lower cable connecting member, and the rotating clamping joint part B of the lower cable connecting member is clamped into the ring-shaped clamping groove B.

[0010] The upper end and the lower end of each cable A are formed with a fixed sleeve part; the bottom of the upper cable connecting member is uniformly provided with a plurality of cable penetrating holes A, and the bottom of the upper cable connecting member is further provided with a cable fixing screw A corresponding to each cable penetrating hole A through threaded connection, each cable penetrating hole A and cable fixing screw A are used in cooperation with a corresponding cable A, and after the upper end of each cable A is inserted into the corresponding cable penetrating hole A, each cable fixing screw A is inserted into the fixed sleeve part of the upper end of the corresponding cable A to keep the position between the upper end of the corresponding cable A and the upper cable connecting member fixed; The top of the lower cable connecting member is uniformly provided with a plurality of cable penetrating holes B, and the top of the lower cable connecting member is further provided with a cable fixing screw B corresponding to each cable penetrating hole B through threaded connection, each cable penetrating hole B and cable fixing screw B are used in cooperation with a corresponding cable A, and after the lower end of each cable A is inserted into the corresponding cable penetrating hole B, each cable fixing screw B is inserted into the fixed sleeve part of the lower end of the corresponding cable A to keep the position between the lower end of the corresponding cable A and the lower cable connecting member fixed.

[0011] The algae reef body further comprises an inner fixing ring, a radial connecting rope, a transverse connecting rope and a connecting rope sleeve. The inner fixing ring is located inside the outer fixing ring, the center of the inner fixing ring coincides with the center of the outer fixing ring, a plurality of inner hanging ring parts are uniformly arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the outer fixing ring in the circumferential direction, a plurality of outer hanging ring parts are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the inner fixing ring in the circumferential direction, the number and position of the outer hanging ring parts correspond to the number and position of the inner hanging ring parts one by one, each outer hanging ring part is connected with the inner hanging ring part through a radial connecting rope, the length direction of each radial connecting rope coincides with the corresponding radial direction of the outer hanging ring part, a plurality of connecting rope sleeves are arranged on each radial connecting rope, the number of connecting rope sleeves on all radial connecting ropes is equal, each connecting rope sleeve on each radial connecting rope is connected with the corresponding connecting rope sleeve on the adjacent radial connecting rope through a transverse connecting rope, each transverse connecting rope between each adjacent two radial connecting ropes is arranged in parallel along the corresponding radial direction of the outer hanging ring part, and each attachment substrate is arranged between each two parallel and adjacent transverse connecting ropes.

[0012] The inner fixing ring and the outer fixing ring are both divided into a fixing ring shell and a cement inner filler, and the cement inner filler is uniformly filled in the corresponding fixing ring shell.

[0013] Each attachment substrate is made of a non-metal material resistant to corrosion, and the top surface of each attachment substrate is roughened to allow seaweed to grow on the top surface of the attachment substrate.

[0014] The application also discloses a method for constructing a seaweed field in a deep water sea area, which uses the modular seaweed field suitable for various seabed deep water sea areas. Step one: obtaining environmental parameters: obtaining the water depth, vertical distribution data of light intensity, seabed type and sea current data of the target sea area; Step two: system configuration design: according to the environmental parameters obtained in step one, determining the target suspension depth of the algae reef, the total buoyancy of the corresponding algae reef body, the anchoring counterweight size of the corresponding fixed weight, the length of the corresponding cable A and the number of the corresponding attachment substrates; Step three: modular assembly: selecting and assembling parts according to the design parameters on the shore base to form a seaweed field subsystem; Step four: sea layout and depth regulation: transporting the assembled seaweed field subsystem to the target point for layout, adjusting the water depth position of the algae reef body, and accurately fixing the algae reef body at the target suspension depth; Step five: monitoring and dynamic maintenance: regularly monitor the growth status of seaweed and environmental changes, and adjust the depth of the algal attachment module again according to the monitoring results.

[0015] In step five, the seaweed algal body height, coverage, health status, and environmental parameters such as water transparency and flow rate are recorded by divers or underwater camera equipment every month; according to the monitoring results, it can be judged whether the algal body can not fully receive light; if it is determined that the algal body cannot fully receive light, loosen the fixing of each adjusting screw on the corresponding cable A, and adjust the whole algal reef body and each supporting sleeve to the appropriate suspended depth, and then re-engage each adjusting screw against the corresponding cable A to keep the algal reef body depth unchanged.

[0016] After completing step four, the adjacent seaweed field subsystems are connected to each other by additional floating ropes to form a large-scale algal field array.

[0017] The advantages and positive effects of the present application are: 1. The modular seaweed field of the present application has a depth adjustment function, which can keep the seaweed in the appropriate light layer at all times, significantly improve the photosynthesis efficiency and biomass output, and solve the fundamental contradiction of insufficient light in deep water.

[0018] 2. The present application can be applied not only to hard rock reef bottom, but also particularly suitable for silt bottom which cannot be fixed by traditional algal reefs, and can also be stably operated in open sea areas.

[0019] 3. The design of the modular seaweed field of the present application not only improves the unit area yield, but also creates habitats for marine organisms in different water layers, forming a complete vertical ecological chain, and the comprehensive ecological benefit is much higher than that of single algal cultivation device, and the structural stability, deployment flexibility and ecological adaptability are significantly better than those of traditional sinking algal reef structure.

[0020] 4. The present application can be modularized and prefabricated on land, greatly reducing the difficulty, risk and cost of offshore construction, and the attachment substrate can be independently replaced without salvaging the entire system, the long-term operation and maintenance cost is greatly reduced, and it has economic feasibility for industrialization and popularization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall top view structure of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application showing only one cable A; Figure 4 is Figure 3 is an enlarged view of A of Figure 5 isFigure 3 enlarged view of B in Fig. 1; Figure 6 enlarged view of C in Fig. 1; Figure 3 enlarged view of D in Fig. 1; Figure 7 schematic diagram of cross-sectional structure of the upper cable connecting member of the present application; Figure 8 schematic diagram of structure of the algae reef body of the present application; Figure 9 enlarged view of C in Fig. 1; Figure 8 enlarged view of D in Fig. 1.

[0022] In the figure: 1 is a float, 2 is a cable A, 3 is an upper cable connecting member, 4 is a lower cable connecting member, 5 is a fixed weight, 6 is an algae reef body, 7 is an outer fixing ring, 8 is an attachment base plate, 9 is a cable passing ring, 10 is a supporting sleeve, 11 is an adjusting screw, 12 is an upper hanging ring part, 13 is a lower hanging ring part, 14 is a cable B, 15 is a rotating clamping joint part A, 16 is a semi-ring-shaped clamping member A, 17 is a ring-shaped clamping groove A, 18 is a semi-ring-shaped clamping member B, 19 is a cable passing hole A, 20 is a cable fixing screw A, 21 is a cable passing hole B, 22 is a cable fixing screw B, 23 is an inner fixing ring, 24 is a radial connecting rope, 25 is a transverse connecting rope, 26 is a connecting rope sleeve, 27 is an outer hanging ring part, and 28 is a clamping hook. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-9 The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] A modularized seaweed field suitable for various bottom conditions in deep water sea areas, as shown in Fig. 1, includes a float 1, a cable A 2, an upper cable connecting member 3, a lower cable connecting member 4, a fixed weight 5, and an algae reef body 6. In this embodiment, each set of the float 1, the cable A 2, the upper cable connecting member 3, the lower cable connecting member 4, the fixed weight 5, and the algae reef body 6 is used as a seaweed field subsystem. Figures 1-9 The bottom of the float 1 is rotationally connected to the top of the upper cable connecting member 3, and the bottom of the upper cable connecting member 3 is uniformly connected to six cables A 2 along the circumference of the upper cable connecting member 3. The upper end of each cable A 2 is connected to the bottom of the upper cable connecting member 3. The float 1 is used to generate and provide a net buoyancy to overcome the overall weight and environmental disturbance. In this embodiment, the float 1 can adopt a sealed hollow polyethylene float or a foam-filled float of the prior art.

[0025]

[0026] ​The algal reef body 6 is used to provide a stable biological substrate for the spores or seedlings of algae to fix and grow. The algal reef body 6 comprises an outer fixing ring 7 and a plurality of attachment substrates 8, each of which is arranged on the inner side of the outer fixing ring 7. The outer periphery of the outer fixing ring 7 is uniformly provided with six cable passing rings 9, and the number of cable passing rings 9 corresponds to the number of cables A 2. The lower end of each cable A 2 passes through a corresponding cable passing ring 9 and is connected to the top of the lower cable connecting piece 4. The lower ends of all cables A 2 are uniformly arranged on the top of the lower cable connecting piece 4 along the circumferential direction of the lower cable connecting piece 4. The bottom of the lower cable connecting piece 4 is rotationally connected to the fixed weight connecting assembly, and the fixed weight 5 is located on the lower side of the fixed weight connecting assembly and is connected to the fixed weight connecting assembly. The fixed weight 5 is used to reliably position the whole on the seabed and can adapt to various bottom conditions. Through the rotational connection between the bottom of the float 1 and the upper cable connecting piece 3 and the rotational connection between the lower cable connecting piece 4 and the fixed weight connecting assembly, the whole composed of the cable A 2 and the algal reef body 6 can have a freedom of 360° rotation around the vertical axis, which is used to eliminate the torsion of the cable A 2 caused by the sea current and prevent the cables A 2 from being entangled and twisted and damaged by the vortex or the tension of the cable A 2.

[0027] Each cable A 2 is provided with a support sleeve 10 between the corresponding cable passing ring 9 and the lower cable connecting piece 4. Each support sleeve 10 is provided with an adjusting screw 11 for abutting against the corresponding cable A 2 and fixing the position of the corresponding cable A 2 and the support sleeve 10. At this time, each support sleeve 10 can directly support each corresponding cable passing ring 9 underwater to keep the overall depth of the algal reef body 6 unchanged. After loosening the adjusting screw 11, the support sleeve 10 can be slid to any position on the cable A 2, so that all support sleeves 10 are located at the same corresponding position, and the depth of the algal reef body 6 can be adjusted steplessly underwater. Through the unique sliding and locking function of the cable A 2, the algae can be accurately positioned at the best light layer to maximize the utilization of light energy.

[0028] Specifically, as shown in Figure 6 The bottom of the fixed weight connecting assembly is provided with an upper hanging ring part 12, the top of the fixed weight 5 is provided with a lower hanging ring part 13, and the upper hanging ring part 12 of the fixed weight connecting assembly is connected to the lower hanging ring part 13 of the fixed weight 5 through the cable B 14. In this embodiment, the cable B 14 is connected to the upper hanging ring part 12 and the lower hanging ring part 13 by a conventional marine binding connection method. The length and number of the cable B 14 are determined according to the pulling force on the float 1, the flow rate on site, and the friction of the seabed.

[0029] Specifically, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 7As shown, the top of the upper cable connecting piece 3 in the embodiment protrudes a rotating clamping head part A 15, and the bottom of the float 1 is provided with a ring-shaped clamping assembly. The float 1 is used in cooperation with the rotating clamping head part A 15 of the upper cable connecting piece 3 through the ring-shaped clamping assembly to realize the rotating connection between the bottom of the float 1 and the top of the upper cable connecting piece 3.

[0030] The ring-shaped clamping assembly includes two half ring-shaped clamping pieces A 16, which are connected by bolts. The inner side of the ring-shaped clamping assembly formed by the connection of the two half ring-shaped clamping pieces A 16 forms a ring-shaped clamping groove A 17 that matches the rotating clamping head part A 15 of the upper cable connecting piece 3.

[0031] After the two half ring-shaped clamping pieces A 16 are clamped on the outer side of the rotating clamping head part A 15 of the upper cable connecting piece 3 and the rotating clamping head part A 15 of the upper cable connecting piece 3 is clamped into the ring-shaped clamping groove A 17, the ring-shaped clamping assembly formed by the connection of the two half ring-shaped clamping pieces A 16 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the float 1. The fixed connection between the ring-shaped clamping assembly and the bottom of the float 1 adopts the prior art.

[0032] As shown, Figure 6 the bottom of the lower cable connecting piece 4 in the embodiment protrudes a rotating clamping head part B. The fixed weight connecting assembly is used in cooperation with the rotating clamping head part B of the lower cable connecting piece 4 to realize the rotating connection between the fixed weight connecting assembly and the bottom of the lower cable connecting piece 4. The connection between the lower cable connecting piece 4 and the fixed weight connecting assembly has basically the same principle as the connection between the upper cable connecting piece 3 and the ring-shaped clamping assembly.

[0033] The fixed weight connecting assembly includes two half ring-shaped clamping pieces B 18, which are connected by bolts. The inner side of the fixed weight connecting assembly formed by the connection of the two half ring-shaped clamping pieces B 18 forms a ring-shaped clamping groove B that matches the rotating clamping head part B of the lower cable connecting piece 4.

[0034] The two half ring-shaped clamping pieces B 18 are clamped on the outer side of the rotating clamping head part B of the lower cable connecting piece 4 and the rotating clamping head part B of the lower cable connecting piece 4 is clamped into the ring-shaped clamping groove B. In the embodiment, the upper cable connecting piece 3, the half ring-shaped clamping piece A 16, the half ring-shaped clamping piece B 18, and the half ring-shaped clamping piece B 18 are all made of stainless steel to have high strength and seawater corrosion resistance.

[0035] Specifically, in the embodiment, the upper end and the lower end of each cable A 2 are formed with a fixed sleeve part. As shown, Figure 7As shown, the bottom outer periphery of the upper cable connecting piece 3 is uniformly provided with cable penetration holes A 19, and the bottom of the upper cable connecting piece 3 is also respectively provided with cable fixing screws A 20 corresponding to each cable penetration hole A 19 through threaded connection. Each cable penetration hole A 19 and cable fixing screw A 20 are used in cooperation with a corresponding cable A 2. After the upper end of each cable A 2 is inserted into the corresponding cable penetration hole A 19, each cable fixing screw A 20 is also inserted into the fixing sleeve of the upper end of the corresponding cable A 2 to keep the position between the upper end of the corresponding cable A 2 and the upper cable connecting piece 3 fixed. In this embodiment, the connection between the cable A 2 and the upper cable connecting piece 3 can also use other conventional marine crimping methods, and the connection between the lower cable connecting piece 4 and the cable A 2 uses the same principle.

[0036] The top outer periphery of the lower cable connecting piece 4 is uniformly provided with cable penetration holes B 21, and the top of the lower cable connecting piece 4 is also respectively provided with cable fixing screws B 22 corresponding to each cable penetration hole B 21 through threaded connection. Each cable penetration hole B 21 and cable fixing screw B 22 are used in cooperation with a corresponding cable A 2. After the lower end of each cable A 2 is inserted into the corresponding cable penetration hole B 21, each cable fixing screw B 22 is also inserted into the fixing sleeve of the lower end of the corresponding cable A 2 to keep the position between the lower end of the corresponding cable A 2 and the lower cable connecting piece 4 fixed.

[0037] Specifically, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 In this embodiment, the algae reef body 6 also includes an inner fixing ring 23, a radial connecting rope 24, a transverse connecting rope 25, and a connecting rope sleeve 26.

[0038] The inner fixing ring 23 is located inside the outer fixing ring 7, the center of the inner fixing ring 23 coincides with the center of the outer fixing ring 7, six inner hanging ring parts are evenly arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the outer fixing ring 7 in the circumferential direction, six outer hanging ring parts 27 are evenly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the inner fixing ring 23 in the circumferential direction, the number and position of the outer hanging ring parts 27 correspond to the number and position of the inner hanging ring parts one by one, and each outer hanging ring part 27 is connected with the inner hanging ring part through a radial connecting rope 24. The connection mode between the radial connecting rope 24 and the outer hanging ring part 27 and the inner hanging ring part adopts a conventional marine lashing connection mode. The length direction of each radial connecting rope 24 coincides with the corresponding radial direction of the outer hanging ring part 27, three connecting rope sleeves 26 are respectively sleeved on each radial connecting rope 24, the number of the connecting rope sleeves 26 on all radial connecting ropes 24 is equal, each connecting rope sleeve 26 on each radial connecting rope 24 is connected with the corresponding connecting rope sleeve 26 on the adjacent radial connecting rope 24 through a transverse connecting rope 25, each transverse connecting rope 25 between each adjacent two radial connecting ropes 24 is arranged in parallel along the corresponding radial direction of the outer hanging ring part 27, and each two parallel and adjacent transverse connecting ropes 25 are provided with an attachment substrate 8, and each attachment substrate 8 is connected between the two adjacent transverse connecting ropes 25 through a plurality of clamping hooks 28. Through the arrangement of the above structure, the algae reef body 6 is convenient to disassemble and connect as a whole, and has good stability and flexibility.

[0039] In the embodiment, the inner fixing ring 23 and the outer fixing ring 7 are both divided into a fixing ring shell and a cement inner filler, and the cement inner filler is evenly filled in the corresponding hollow fixing ring shell, so that the overall gravity of the algae reef body 6 is slightly greater than the buoyancy, so that the overall algae reef body 6 sinks in the water in the unconstrained state, and the support sleeve 10 fixed to the cable A 2 can support the algae reef body 6 in the water to keep the depth position of the algae reef body 6 unchanged.

[0040] In the embodiment, each attachment substrate 8 is made of a non-metal material resistant to corrosion, such as a polyethylene plate, a biological ceramic plate or a polyurethane foam plate. The top surface of each attachment substrate 8 is roughened to adapt to the growth of seaweed attached to the top surface of the attachment substrate 8.

[0041] The construction method of the corresponding deepwater seaweed field in the embodiment includes the following steps: Step one: obtaining environmental parameters: obtaining the water depth, vertical distribution data of light intensity, bottom type and current data of the target sea area; Step two: system configuration design: according to the environmental parameters obtained in step one, determining the target suspension depth of the algae reef, the total buoyancy of the corresponding algae reef body 6, the anchoring counterweight size of the corresponding fixed weight 5, the length of the corresponding cable A 2, and the number of the corresponding attachment substrate 8; Step three: Modular assembly: onshore, select and assemble parts according to design parameters to form a kelp field subsystem; Step four: offshore deployment and depth adjustment: transport the assembled kelp field subsystem to the target point for deployment, adjust the water depth position of the algal reef body 6, and accurately fix the algal reef body 6 at the target suspended depth; Step five: monitoring and dynamic maintenance: regularly monitor the growth status of the kelp and environmental changes, and adjust the depth of the algal attachment module again according to the monitoring results.

[0042] In step five, the height of the kelp body, coverage, health status, and environmental parameters such as water transparency and flow rate are recorded by divers or underwater camera equipment every month; according to the monitoring results, it can be determined whether the algal body has not received sufficient light; if it is determined that the algal body has not received sufficient light, loosen the fixing of the corresponding cable A 2 by the adjusting screw 11, and adjust the algal reef body 6 and each support sleeve 10 to the appropriate suspended depth, and then re-engage the adjusting screw 11 against the corresponding cable A 2 to maintain the depth of the algal reef body 6.

[0043] After completing step four, the adjacent kelp field subsystems are connected to each other by additional floating ropes to form a large-scale kelp field array, which can be used for large-scale algal ecological farm construction, especially in areas where underwater light is limited, the bottom is unstable, or ecological restoration requirements are high. To achieve large-scale deployment, multiple kelp field subsystems can be connected into an array by floating ropes to form an "algal reef belt" or "algal forest area". The array spacing can be set according to the spatial competition needs of the target species. This deployment mode not only improves the space utilization rate, but also facilitates standardized cultivation and management. The present invention is not only suitable for the artificial cultivation of large economic algae such as brown algae (e.g., Sargassum, kelp), red algae (e.g., Gracilaria, Porphyra), but also can be widely used in marine ecological restoration, carbon sink assessment, habitat reconstruction, and deep water ecosystem research, etc. It has high potential for industrialization and scientific research application value.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, in a sea area with a water depth of 5-20 meters and soft silt bottom in a bay, a Sargassum field is constructed to restore degraded ecosystems and provide habitats for economic fish and shellfish. The specific steps involved in this specific embodiment are as follows.

[0045] I. Obtain environmental parameters: In this specific embodiment, in order to obtain all the parameters required for the design and operation of the kelp field subsystem, portable field measurement equipment is used to collect environmental information.

[0046] Specifically, the operation personnel carry portable water depth measuring instruments to measure the target sea area to obtain the actual water depth and seabed topography information; through on-site survey, the average water depth of the target sea area is 18 meters, and the seabed is silty mud bottom. The operation personnel use a handheld underwater light intensity meter to lower along the water column meter by meter, and the light intensity distribution at different depths can be obtained to determine the suitable algal growth layer; the portable current meter is used to continuously record the flow velocity and direction of the near-bottom layer, the middle layer and the surface layer to master the changes of the sea current within a day and a tidal cycle; the portable CTD measuring equipment can quickly obtain the basic hydrological parameters such as water temperature variation, salinity gradient and water column stability; the effective wave height, period and other sea state load information can be obtained by using a mobile sea state recorder or a portable wave height meter; through the light intensity profiler, it is determined that the light compensation depth of the sea area in summer is about 12 meters, and the light layer most suitable for the growth of sargassum (50%-70% of the saturated light intensity) is located in the interval of 4-8 meters underwater. In summer, the southeast wind prevails, and the maximum surface current speed is about 0.8 m / s.

[0047] II. System configuration design (1) Target suspension depth: According to the target algae species, the experimental database and existing literature are used to ensure that the algal seedlings obtain the best light, and the initial target depth is set to 6 meters according to the relevant literature.

[0048] (2) Buoyancy and counterweight calculation: In this specific embodiment, the overall weight of each algal reef body 6 carrying the initial algal seedlings in the air is about 50 kg. To ensure that the algal reef body 6 is stably suspended in the target water layer, a single float 1 is used to provide upward buoyancy. The selected float 1 is a sealed polyethylene float with a size of 1500 mm in diameter and 600 mm in height, which is a commonly used specification in offshore aquaculture and navigation marker systems. According to its displacement volume, this specification of float can provide an effective buoyancy of about 2500 N. From an engineering point of view, the effective weight of the 50 kg algal reef body 6 in water is much smaller than its weight in air, and the buoyancy provided by the float 1 not only offsets its own gravity, but also simultaneously bears the weight of various connecting parts and other accessory components, and leaves a large buoyancy margin. In conventional aquaculture facility design, the weight increase caused by biological fouling, additional equipment, operating load, etc. is usually considered, so the buoyancy margin provided by the single float 1 is a relatively safe configuration under this specific embodiment.

[0049] (3) Anchoring design: the anchoring weight of the fixed weight 5 is positively correlated with the pulling force provided by the buoy 1. Since only a single buoy 1 is used in each seaweed farm subsystem, in order to ensure that the system remains positioned under the conditions of tidal current and wind wave, the weight of the fixed weight 5 can be determined according to the conventional offshore mooring design method, that is, under the condition that the buoy 1 continuously pulls upward, the weight of the fixed weight 5 can keep stable and not slip or displace on the seabed. Since the bottom material is silt, a gravity anchor is selected. Each seaweed farm subsystem is equipped with a fixed weight 5 to ensure that the anchor does not drag under the action of wind and wave. In the specific embodiment, the weight material of the fixed weight 5 is selected according to the factors such as the maximum flow rate, the friction performance of the bottom material, and the cable inclination angle. In actual application, if the sea conditions are relatively complex or the bottom material is soft, the mooring reliability can be improved by increasing the number of weights or using a combined anchoring method (such as weight + anchor claw). Subsequently, according to the changes in buoyancy and the increase in weight during actual operation, the number of buoys 1 or the size of the weight can be adjusted appropriately.

[0050] III. Modular assembly: After the measurement of the on-site environmental parameters and the determination of the system configuration design requirements, the modules can be assembled on the shore base according to the design parameters. The required design parameters mainly include: the target suspended depth of the target algae reef, the total buoyancy corresponding to the required algae reef body 6, the anchoring weight corresponding to the fixed weight 5, the length of the corresponding cable A 2, the number of the corresponding attachment base plate 8, etc. The above parameters are calculated from the data obtained on site, for example: the target suspended depth is determined by the measured suitable light layer; the total length of the cable A 2 is determined according to the water depth and the tidal range on site; the buoyancy is selected based on the weight of the algae reef body 6, the expected increase in attached weight, and the operating margin; and the weight is designed for stability according to the seabed bottom material and the maximum flow rate.

[0051] After these parameters are determined, all modules can be assembled on the shore base according to standardized steps. All connection points are manually inspected to confirm that the attachment base plate 8 is stable and does not displace. Depth markings are made on the cable A 2 in advance. In order to facilitate transportation and offshore deployment, the entire system except for the weight is wound on a large roller for centralized packaging. The cables are placed in order according to the cable arrangement sequence during winding, which can avoid cable entanglement or direction errors during on-site deployment. The buoy end and the weight end of the roller are marked on the outside to facilitate quick unwinding and deployment on the ship.

[0052] IV. Offshore deployment and depth control: The assembled seaweed farm subsystem is transported to the preset point by a work boat. The "anchor first and then float" sequence is adopted for deployment: first, the fixed weight 5 is lowered to the seabed by using hoisting equipment, then the cable B 14, the lower cable connecting piece 4, and the algal reef body 6 are slowly released, and finally the float 1 is thrown into the water, and the seaweed farm subsystem is automatically tightened and stands straight under the action of buoyancy. After the deployment is completed, the worker gets on the small boat and manually loosens the adjusting screw 11, according to the depth mark made in advance on the cable A 2, slides each support sleeve 10 to the corresponding 6-meter water depth, and then relocks the adjusting screw 11. At this time, the algal reef body 6 can be supported by each support sleeve 10 and thus accurately suspended at the optimal light layer.

[0053] V. Monitoring and dynamic maintenance: (1) Monitoring: After the system is deployed, the algal reef and the growth state of seaweed should be monitored regularly. Generally, the diver or underwater camera equipment records the height, coverage rate, and health status of the algal body, as well as the environmental parameters of water transparency and flow rate every month. (2) Dynamic adjustment: According to the monitoring results, it can be judged whether the algal body is in the optimal light layer and whether the canopy is too dense to block the light of other seaweed farm subsystems in the lower layer. If it is found that the canopy blocks the light of the lower layer or the algal body cannot fully receive light, the algal reef body 6 of the corresponding seaweed farm subsystem is adjusted upward or downward to the appropriate suspension depth by operating the adjusting screw 11, so as to ensure that the algal body of all seaweed farm subsystems is in the favorable light layer. After adjustment, the adjusting screw 11 is locked to fix the support sleeve 10, so as to ensure the stability of the depth position of the algal reef body 6. (3) Attached base maintenance: At the end of each growth cycle, the algal reef body 6 can be temporarily lifted out of the water by using the work boat, and the aged or damaged attached substrate 8 can be disassembled and replaced without replacing the entire system, thereby reducing the maintenance cost and maintaining the long-term stable growth of algae. The monitoring and dynamic adjustment process can form a closed-loop management, so that the algal reef can continuously maintain the optimal light condition under different growth stages and environmental changes.

[0054] In the specific embodiment, through the application of the modular seaweed farm and the construction method proposed by the present application, a stable artificial Sargassum thunbergii field is successfully constructed in the deep water sandy sea area. The system exhibits excellent wind and wave resistance and stable suspension depth maintaining capability. The dynamic depth adjustment function makes the photosynthesis efficiency of Sargassum thunbergii increase by more than 30% compared with the fixed depth system, and the biomass accumulation is significantly accelerated. After the specific embodiment is implemented for one year, the species and quantity of fish and large invertebrates in the corresponding seaweed farm area are obviously increased, effectively achieving the expected ecological restoration goal. The specific embodiment fully verifies the applicability and high efficiency of the present application in deep water and soft seabed areas.

Claims

1. A modular kelp farm suitable for a variety of substrates in deep water marine areas, characterised in that: It includes float (1), cable A (2), upper cable connecting piece (3), lower cable connecting piece (4), fixed weight (5), algae reef body (6); The bottom of the float (1) is rotatably connected with the top of the upper cable connecting piece (3), and the bottom of the upper cable connecting piece (3) is uniformly connected with a plurality of cable A (2) along the circumference of the upper cable connecting piece (3), and the upper end of each cable A (2) is connected with the bottom of the upper cable connecting piece (3) respectively; The algae reef body (6) includes an outer fixed ring (7) and a plurality of attachment substrates (8), each of the attachment substrates (8) is arranged on the inner side of the outer fixed ring (7), and the outer periphery of the outer fixed ring (7) is uniformly provided with a plurality of cable passing rings (9), the number of the cable passing rings (9) corresponds to the number of the cable A (2), the lower end of each cable A (2) passes through a corresponding cable passing ring (9) and is connected with the top of the lower cable connecting piece (4), and the lower end of all the cable A (2) is uniformly arranged on the top of the lower cable connecting piece (4) along the circumference of the lower cable connecting piece (4), the bottom of the lower cable connecting piece (4) is rotatably connected with the fixed weight connecting assembly, and the fixed weight (5) is located on the lower side of the fixed weight connecting assembly and connected with the fixed weight connecting assembly; Each cable A (2) is provided with a support sleeve (10) on the corresponding cable passing ring (9) and between the lower cable connecting piece (4), and each support sleeve (10) is provided with an adjusting screw (11) for abutting against the corresponding cable A (2) and fixing the position of the corresponding cable A (2) and the support sleeve (10).

2. A modular kelp farm suitable for a variety of substrates in deep water marine areas according to claim 1, characterised in that: The bottom of the fixed weight connecting assembly is provided with an upper hanging ring part (12), the top of the fixed weight (5) is provided with a lower hanging ring part (13), and the upper hanging ring part (12) of the fixed weight connecting assembly is connected with the lower hanging ring part (13) of the fixed weight (5) through the cable B (14).

3. The modular kelp farm of claim 1, wherein: The top of the upper cable connecting piece (3) is provided with a rotating clamping joint part A (15), the bottom of the float (1) is provided with a ring-shaped clamping assembly, and the float (1) is used in cooperation with the rotating clamping joint part A (15) of the upper cable connecting piece (3) through the ring-shaped clamping assembly to realize the rotating connection between the bottom of the float (1) and the top of the upper cable connecting piece (3); The ring-shaped clamping assembly includes two half ring-shaped clamping pieces A (16), the two half ring-shaped clamping pieces A (16) are connected by bolts, and the inner side of the ring-shaped clamping assembly formed by the connection of the two half ring-shaped clamping pieces A (16) forms a ring-shaped clamping groove A (17) matched with the rotating clamping joint part A (15) of the upper cable connecting piece (3). After two half ring-shaped clamping members A (16) are clamped outside the rotating clamping joint part A (15) of the upper cable connecting member (3) and the rotating clamping joint part A (15) of the upper cable connecting member (3) is clamped into the ring-shaped clamping groove A (17), the whole ring-shaped clamping assembly formed by the two half ring-shaped clamping members A (16) is fixed to the bottom of the buoy (1); The bottom of the lower cable connecting member (4) is provided with a rotating clamping joint part B, and the fixed weight connecting assembly is used in cooperation with the rotating clamping joint part B of the lower cable connecting member (4) to realize the rotating connection between the fixed weight connecting assembly and the bottom of the lower cable connecting member (4); The fixed weight connecting assembly comprises two half ring-shaped clamping members B (18), the two half ring-shaped clamping members B (18) are connected by bolts, and the inner side of the whole fixed weight connecting assembly formed by the two half ring-shaped clamping members B (18) is formed with a ring-shaped clamping groove B which is matched with the rotating clamping joint part B of the lower cable connecting member (4); Two half ring-shaped clamping members B (18) are clamped outside the rotating clamping joint part B of the lower cable connecting member (4) and the rotating clamping joint part B of the lower cable connecting member (4) is clamped into the ring-shaped clamping groove B.

4. The modular kelp farm of claim 1, wherein: The upper end and the lower end of each cable A (2) are formed with a fixed sleeve part; the bottom of the upper cable connecting member (3) is uniformly provided with a plurality of cable penetrating holes A (19), and the bottom of the upper cable connecting member (3) is further provided with a cable fixing screw A (20) corresponding to each cable penetrating hole A (19) through threaded connection; each cable penetrating hole A (19) and cable fixing screw A (20) are used in cooperation with a corresponding cable A (2); after the upper end of each cable A (2) is inserted into the corresponding cable penetrating hole A (19), each cable fixing screw A (20) is further inserted into the fixed sleeve part of the upper end of the corresponding cable A (2) to keep the position of the upper end of the corresponding cable A (2) and the upper cable connecting member (3) fixed; The top of the lower cable connecting member (4) is uniformly provided with a plurality of cable penetrating holes B (21), and the top of the lower cable connecting member (4) is further provided with a cable fixing screw B (22) corresponding to each cable penetrating hole B (21) through threaded connection; each cable penetrating hole B (21) and cable fixing screw B (22) are used in cooperation with a corresponding cable A (2); after the lower end of each cable A (2) is inserted into the corresponding cable penetrating hole B (21), each cable fixing screw B (22) is inserted into the fixed sleeve part of the lower end of the corresponding cable A (2) to keep the position of the lower end of the corresponding cable A (2) and the lower cable connecting member (4) fixed.

5. The modular kelp farm of claim 1, wherein: The algae reef body (6) further comprises an inner fixed ring (23), a radial connecting rope (24), a transverse connecting rope (25), and a connecting rope sleeve (26). The inner fixing ring (23) is located inside the outer fixing ring (7), the center of the inner fixing ring (23) coincides with the center of the outer fixing ring (7), a plurality of inner hanging ring parts are uniformly arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the outer fixing ring (7) in the circumferential direction, a plurality of outer hanging ring parts (27) are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the inner fixing ring (23) in the circumferential direction, the number and position of the outer hanging ring parts (27) correspond to the number and position of the inner hanging ring parts one by one, each outer hanging ring part (27) and the inner hanging ring part are connected by a radial connecting rope (24) respectively, the length direction of each radial connecting rope (24) coincides with the corresponding radial direction of the outer hanging ring part (27), a plurality of connecting rope sleeves (26) are arranged on each radial connecting rope (24) respectively, the number of connecting rope sleeves (26) on all radial connecting ropes (24) is equal, each connecting rope sleeve (26) on each radial connecting rope (24) is connected with the corresponding connecting rope sleeve (26) on the adjacent radial connecting rope (24) by a transverse connecting rope (25), each transverse connecting rope (25) between each adjacent two radial connecting ropes (24) is arranged in parallel along the corresponding radial direction of the outer hanging ring part (27) in sequence, and an attachment substrate (8) is arranged between each two parallel and adjacent transverse connecting ropes (25).

6. A modular kelp farm suitable for a variety of substrates in deep water marine areas according to claim 5, characterised in that: The inner fixing ring (23) and the outer fixing ring (7) are both divided into a fixing ring shell and a cement inner filler, and the cement inner filler is uniformly filled in the corresponding fixing ring shell.

7. A modular kelp farm suitable for a variety of substrates in deep water marine areas according to claim 5, characterised in that: Each attachment substrate (8) is made of a non-metal material resistant to corrosion, and the top surface of each attachment substrate (8) is roughened to allow seaweed to grow on the top surface of the attachment substrate (8).

8. A method for the construction of a deep water marine macroalgal farm using the modular macroalgal farm of any one of claims 1 to 7, adapted for use in deep water marine areas of multiple substrates, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step one: obtaining environmental parameters: obtaining water depth, vertical distribution of light intensity, bottom type and current data of the target sea area; Step two: system configuration design: according to the environmental parameters obtained in step one, determining the target suspension depth of the algae reef, the total buoyancy of the corresponding algae reef body (6), the anchoring counterweight size of the corresponding fixed weight (5), the length of the corresponding cable A (2), and the number of the corresponding attachment substrate (8); Step three: modular assembly: selecting and assembling parts according to the design parameters on the shore base to form an algae field subsystem; Step four: offshore layout and depth regulation: transporting the assembled algae field subsystem to the target point for deployment, adjusting the water depth position of the algae reef body (6), and accurately fixing the algae reef body (6) at the target suspension depth; Step five: monitoring and dynamic maintenance: regularly monitoring the growth state of seaweed and environmental changes, and adjusting the depth of the algae attachment module again according to the monitoring results.

9. A method of constructing a deep water marine kelp farm according to claim 8, characterised in that: In step five, the seaweed thallus height, coverage, health, and environmental parameters of water transparency and flow rate are recorded monthly by divers or underwater camera equipment; according to the monitoring results, it can be judged whether the thallus fails to fully receive light; if it is determined that the thallus fails to fully receive light, loosen the fixing of each adjusting screw (11) to the corresponding cable A (2), and adjust the whole algal reef body (6) and each supporting sleeve (10) to the appropriate suspended depth, and then re-press each adjusting screw (11) against the corresponding cable A (2) to keep the depth of the algal reef body (6) unchanged.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises: After completing step four, the adjacent seaweed field subsystems are connected to each other through additional floating ropes to form a large-scale algal field array.

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