Driving clamp for axle finish turning and machining method of driving clamp

Abstract

The invention discloses a driving clamp for axle finish turning and a machining method thereof.The driving clamp comprises a spindle box and a tailstock which are symmetrically arranged, a driving shaft and a driven shaft are concentrically arranged on the inner side of the spindle box and the inner side of the tailstock, and the other end of the driving shaft and the other end of the driven shaft are provided with an end tip and a tail tip respectively; the end tip and the tail tip are inserted into center holes in the two ends of the axle respectively, a sleeve surrounds the outer portion of the end tip, a guide assembly used for guiding the axle to rotate is arranged on the sleeve, the guide assembly comprises a guide column and a spring, and the guide column is arranged in the sleeve in a sliding mode. According to the driving clamp, the axle can be clamped between the two tips according to the characteristics of the axle subjected to rough machining, the guide column is adopted for driving the axle to rotate and machine at the end of the axle, the situation that the axle cannot be machined at a time due to the fact that the clamp shields the circumferential surface of the axle is avoided, and the trouble that reversing clamping and secondary axle machining are needed is avoided; the processing efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of axle machining positioning, in particular to a driving clamp for axle finish machining and a machining method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The axle is a key component on the chassis of a vehicle, which is a solid metal long shaft. Its main function is to bear the weight of the vehicle body and transmit the torque of the engine to the wheels to drive the vehicle to run. It is connected to the wheels at both ends and is usually supported by bearings in the middle of the frame. It not only bears the vertical static load from the vehicle body and cargo, but also withstands impact, torsional load and braking torque during driving. Its manufacturing precision, strength and durability are directly related to the carrying capacity, driving stability and safety of the vehicle.

[0003] However, the finish machining of the surface of the existing axle is usually performed by using a three-jaw chuck or a collet to clamp the cylindrical surface of the workpiece to transmit the main shaft torque and drive the axle to rotate for finish machining. However, this way of clamping and driving the axle to rotate will cause obstruction to the circumferential surface of the axle, making it impossible to complete the machining of the circumferential surface of the axle in one pass. Therefore, it is necessary to change the clamping position of the axle and perform secondary machining to complete the complete machining of the circumferential surface of the axle, which is quite troublesome. Therefore, the present application provides a driving clamp for axle finish machining and a machining method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above background. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a driving clamp for axle finish machining and a machining method thereof, which can clamp the axle between two centers according to the end face thread hole features of the rough machined axle, drive the rotation of the axle by inserting the guide column into the end face thread hole for finish machining, prevent the axle from being unable to be machined in one pass due to the obstruction of the clamp to the circumferential surface of the axle, avoid the need for reversing clamping and secondary machining of the axle, improve the machining efficiency, and solve the problems raised in the above background.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The utility model provides a drive clamp for axle finish turning, which comprises a spindle box fixed on one side of a machine tool and a tailstock sliding on the other side, and the inner sides of the spindle box and the tailstock are concentrically provided with a driving shaft and a driven shaft, the other ends of the driving shaft and the driven shaft are respectively provided with an end center and a tail center, the end center and the tail center are respectively inserted into the center holes at the two ends of an axle, the outer part of the end center is surrounded by a sleeve, the sleeve is provided with a guide assembly for guiding the rotation of the axle, the guide assembly comprises a guide column and a spring, the guide column is slidingly arranged in the inner part of the sleeve, the front end of the guide column is connected with a brass column through screw threads, the spring is sleeved on the tail end of the guide column for driving the guide column to move out of the sleeve and be inserted into the threaded hole in the end face of the axle to guide the rotation of the axle, and the back part of the spindle box is provided with a spindle motor for driving the rotation of the driving shaft, the sleeve, and the guide column.

[0007] As a further scheme of the utility model, the end of the driving shaft is provided with a flange, a through hole is formed in the middle position of the flange, the sleeve is inserted into the inner part of the through hole, a insertion hole is formed in the middle position of the sleeve, the end center is installed in the inner part of the insertion hole, and the inner cavity wall of the through hole and the circumferential outer wall and the insertion hole of the sleeve are all processed with a 1:20 taper to ensure the coaxiality of assembly.

[0008] As a further scheme of the utility model, the guide column is composed of a sliding column body, a limiting shaft shoulder, a guide shaft core, and a threaded shaft head, the inner part of the sleeve is provided with a guide sliding slot and a guide sliding hole which are in communication on the index circle of the axis of the insertion hole, the sliding column body and the limiting shaft shoulder are slidingly installed in the inner part of the guide sliding hole and the guide sliding slot respectively, a through opening for the sliding of the sliding column body is arranged between the guide sliding slot and the guide sliding hole, and the diameter of the limiting shaft shoulder is larger than the inner diameter of the through opening.

[0009] As a further scheme of the utility model, the guide shaft core is arranged at the end of the limiting shaft shoulder away from the sliding column body, the spring is wrapped around the outer part of the guide shaft core and tightly contacts the end face of the limiting shaft shoulder, the other end of the spring is provided with a limiting seat for the installation of the spring, the tail end inner wall of the guide sliding slot is provided with a second screw groove, and the limiting seat is installed in the tail end of the guide sliding slot through the second screw groove.

[0010] As a further scheme of the utility model, the end of the sliding column body located outside the sleeve is provided with a threaded shaft head, the outer wall of the threaded shaft head is threadedly sleeved with a brass column, the brass column is inserted into the threaded hole in the end face of the axle through the sliding of the sliding column body, and the brass column is made of brass to protect the thread from being damaged during the machining process.

[0011] As a further scheme of the utility model, the end of the sleeve located outside the through hole is provided with an annular end plate, the end face of the annular end plate is provided with a fixing bolt, and the fixing bolt penetrates through the annular end plate and is installed into the first screw groove in the end face of the flange.

[0012] As a further scheme of the present application: the bottom end of the tailstock is provided with a driving assembly for driving its walking, the driving assembly comprises a base and a servo motor, wherein the top end of the base is provided with a sliding rail, the tailstock is slidingly installed at the top end of the base through the sliding rail, and the servo motor is arranged at one side of the base for driving the rotation of the lead screw, and the tailstock can walk on the base to approach or move away from the spindle box through the rotation of the lead screw.

[0013] As a further scheme of the present application: the number of sleeves is several, and the positions and numbers of the guide columns on the several sleeves correspond to the threaded holes on the end faces of the axle shafts of different specifications and models.

[0014] A processing method of a driving clamp for finishing turning of an axle shaft, the method comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step one: select a sleeve according to the positions and numbers of the threaded holes on the end face of the axle shaft, and install the sleeve on the end face of the flange plate and around the outside of the end center by using a fixing bolt;

[0016] Step two: use a crane to hoist the axle shaft between the spindle box and the tailstock, and align the center holes at both ends of the axle shaft with the end center and the tail center respectively;

[0017] Step three: use the crane to hoist the axle shaft to move, insert the end center located on the inside of the spindle box into the center hole on the end face of one end of the axle shaft, at the same time, drive the tailstock to walk to the spindle box by using the driving assembly, and then drive the tail center on the back of the tailstock to move and insert into the center hole on the end face of the other end of the axle shaft by using the hydraulic cylinder on the back of the tailstock, so as to clamp the axle shaft between the end center and the tail center;

[0018] Step four: measure the position of the end face of the tail end of the axle shaft by using a tool holder measuring head, determine the feed position and the retreat position, and then replace the measuring head on the tool holder with a turning tool;

[0019] Step five: drive the driving shaft, the flange plate and the sleeve to rotate at a low speed by using the spindle motor, rotate the guide column extending out of the surface of the sleeve to one side of the threaded hole on the end face of the axle shaft, insert the guide column into the threaded hole under the elastic force of the spring to transmit torque to the axle shaft to drive the axle shaft to rotate, at the same time, increase the rotation speed of the axle shaft to the working speed, and start the feed to complete the cylindrical surface finishing of the workpiece shaft;

[0020] Step six: after the processing is completed, hoist the axle shaft by using the crane, drive the tailstock to walk back to the original position by using the driving assembly, separate the tail center on the tail end of the axle shaft to prevent the axle shaft from falling off, at the same time, hoist the axle shaft to the tail end by using the crane, separate the end center and the guide column, and then take away the axle shaft, so as to complete the finishing of the axle shaft.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0022] By setting guide posts on the sleeve, the sleeve with corresponding position and number of guide posts can be selected according to the position and number of threaded holes on the end face of the axle, the end center and the tail center are respectively inserted into the center hole of the end face of the axle, the sleeve is rotated by driving the flange plate, the guide posts in the sleeve are inserted into the threaded holes on the end face of the axle under the spring elastic force, the torque is transmitted to the axle from the guide posts to drive the axle to rotate for finish machining, the axle cannot be machined once due to the shielding of the fixture on the circumferential surface of the axle, the trouble of reversing clamping and twice machining of the axle is avoided, and the machining efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A perspective view of a driving fixture according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 A clamping view of an axle according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 A sectional view of the axle after rough machining according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 A sectional view of the flange plate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 A sectional view of the sleeve according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 An installation view of the spring according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 A perspective view of the guide post according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 A measurement view of the end face position of the axle tail end according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] In the figure: 1, main shaft box; 2, tail seat; 3, flange plate; 301, through hole; 302, first threaded groove; 4, end center; 5, tail center; 6, sleeve; 601, insertion hole; 602, guide sliding groove; 603, guide sliding hole; 604, second threaded groove; 61, annular end plate; 62, fixing bolt; 7, guide post; 71, sliding column body; 72, limiting shaft shoulder; 73, guide shaft core; 74, threaded shaft head; 8, spring; 81, limiting seat; 9, brass column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Combination Figures 1-8As shown, in this embodiment, a driving clamp for fine turning of an axle includes a spindle box 1 fixed on one side of a machine tool and a tailstock 2 sliding on the other side, and the inner sides of the spindle box 1 and the tailstock 2 are concentrically provided with a driving shaft and a driven shaft, and the other ends of the driving shaft and the driven shaft are respectively provided with an end center 4 and a tail center 5; the end center 4 and the tail center 5 are respectively inserted into the center holes at the two ends of the axle, the spindle motor is used to drive the driving shaft to rotate, so that the driving shaft drives the flange plate 3 and the sleeve 6 installed thereon to rotate on the inner side of the spindle box 1, and the axle is driven to rotate between the spindle box 1 and the tailstock 2 through the guide column 7 on the sleeve 6, thereby meeting the fine turning requirements of the axle.

[0033] In this embodiment, the end center 4 is surrounded by the sleeve 6, the sleeve 6 is provided with a guide assembly for guiding the rotation of the axle, the guide assembly includes a guide column 7 and a spring 8, wherein the guide column 7 is slidingly arranged in the inside of the sleeve 6, the front end of the guide column 7 is connected with a brass column 9 through threads, and the spring 8 is sleeved on the tail end of the guide column 7, so that the guide column 7 can push the brass column 9 into the threaded hole on the end face of the axle under the elastic force of the spring 8 to transmit torque to the axle, so that the axle rotates with the sleeve 6 and the guide column 7, thereby achieving the rotation driving of the axle, preventing the axle from being unable to be machined at one time due to the blocking of the clamp on the circumferential surface of the axle, and avoiding the trouble of reversing clamping and secondary machining of the axle.

[0034] In this embodiment, the end of the driving shaft is provided with the flange plate 3, the middle position of the flange plate 3 is provided with a through hole 301, the sleeve 6 is inserted into the inside of the through hole 301, and the middle position of the sleeve 6 is provided with an insertion hole 601, the end center 4 is installed in the inside of the insertion hole 601, and the sleeve 6 is inserted into the through hole 301, so that the end center 4 is concentric with the driving shaft, the coaxiality is ensured, and the sleeve 6 and the flange plate 3 are conical with a taper of 1:20, which can ensure that the sleeve 6, the flange plate 3 and the driving shaft are concentrically aligned, prevent the coaxiality error between the axle and the sleeve 6, the flange plate 3 and the driving shaft, and ensure the accuracy of the positioning of the guide column 7 on the sleeve 6.

[0035] In the embodiment, the guide column 7 is composed of a sliding column body 71, a limiting shaft shoulder 72, a guide shaft core 73 and a threaded shaft head 74. The inside of the sleeve 6 is provided with a guide sliding slot 602 and a guide sliding hole 603 which are in communication on the index circle of the axis of the insertion hole 601. The sliding column body 71 and the limiting shaft shoulder 72 are respectively slidingly installed in the inside of the guide sliding hole 603 and the guide sliding slot 602. A through opening for the sliding column body 71 to run is arranged between the guide sliding slot 602 and the guide sliding hole 603. The diameter of the limiting shaft shoulder 72 is greater than the inner diameter of the through opening. The sliding column body 71 and the limiting shaft shoulder 72 can be inserted into the inside of the guide sliding slot 602 from the tail opening of the guide sliding slot 602. The limiting shaft shoulder 72 is driven by the spring 8 to drive the sliding column body 71 to extend to the outside of the sleeve 6 through the through opening and the guide sliding hole 603, so as to realize the installation of the guide column 7. At the same time, the position of the sliding column body 71 is limited by the limiting shaft shoulder 72, so as to prevent the guide column 7 from separating from the sleeve 6 at the guide sliding hole 603 and realize the limiting of the guide column 7.

[0036] In the embodiment, the guide shaft core 73 is arranged at the end of the limiting shaft shoulder 72 away from the sliding column body 71. The spring 8 is wrapped around the outside of the guide shaft core 73 and tightly attached to the end face of the limiting shaft shoulder 72. The other end of the spring 8 is provided with a limiting seat 81 for the installation of the spring 8. The tail end inner wall of the guide sliding slot 602 is provided with a second threaded groove 604. The limiting seat 81 is installed at the tail end of the guide sliding slot 602 through the second threaded groove 604. The limiting seat 81 is installed into the inside of the guide sliding slot 602 through the second threaded groove 604, so as to provide bottom support for the spring 8. The spring 8 can be sleeved on the outside of the guide shaft core 73 to push the limiting shaft shoulder 72, so as to provide a pushing force for the guide column 7. The guide column 7 is inserted into the threaded hole of the axle end face under the pushing of the spring 8, so as to realize the assembly of the guide column 7 on the axle.

[0037] In the embodiment, the threaded shaft head 74 is arranged at one end of the sliding column body 71 outside the sleeve 6. The outer wall of the threaded shaft head 74 is threadedly sleeved with a brass column 9. The brass column 9 is slidingly inserted into the threaded hole of the axle end face through the sliding column body 71. The brass column 9 with soft material is installed at the end of the guide column 7 through the threaded shaft head 74. The brass column 9 is in contact with the threads in the threaded hole of the axle end face, so as to prevent the threaded hole from being damaged in the process of inserting or driving the guide column 7, and realize the protection of the threaded hole of the axle end face.

[0038] In the embodiment, after the axle is roughly processed, the axle end face has a positioning center hole and a threaded hole, the number of threaded holes in the axle end face of different models is different, the fixing bolts 62 on the annular end plate 61 are removed, the fixing bolts 62 are separated from the first threaded groove 302, the sleeve 6 can be disassembled from the inside of the through hole 301, the sleeve 6 with different numbers of guide columns 7 is replaced, and the finish machining of axles of different specifications is met.

[0039] In the embodiment, the bottom end of the tail seat 2 is provided with a driving assembly for driving the tail seat 2 to walk, the driving assembly includes a base and a servo motor, the top end of the base is provided with a sliding rail, the tail seat 2 is slidingly installed at the top end of the base through the sliding rail, the servo motor is used to drive the screw rod to rotate forward, the tail seat 2 walks on the sliding rail at the top end of the base to approach the spindle box 1, the tail center 5 approaches the axle, at the same time, after the tail seat 2 walks to the position, the tail seat 2 is locked by the hydraulic lock through the sliding rail, the hydraulic cylinder at the back of the tail seat 2 drives the tail center 5 to move and insert into the center hole in the axle end face to press the axle, the axle is clamped between the end center 4 and the tail center 5, the clamping and positioning of the axle are realized, and the positioning of axles of different lengths is met.

[0040] The working principle of the application is that the driving clamp for finish machining of the axle of the finish lathe is provided with the end center 4 and the tail center 5 at the inner side of the spindle box 1 and the tail seat 2, the end center 4 and the tail center 5 are respectively inserted into the center holes at the two ends of the axle, the clamping and positioning of the axle are realized, at the same time, the spindle motor is used to drive the driving shaft, the flange plate 3 and the sleeve 6 to rotate at a low speed, the guide column 7 extending out of the surface of the sleeve 6 is rotated to one side of the threaded hole in the axle end face, the guide column 7 is inserted into the threaded hole in the axle end face under the elastic force of the spring 8, the torque is transmitted from the guide column 7 to the axle to drive the axle to rotate for finish machining, the axle cannot be machined once due to the clamp shielding the circumferential surface of the axle, the axle needs to be clamped and machined twice, the trouble is avoided, and the machining efficiency is improved.

[0041] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the application, but the protection scope of the application is not limited to this, any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacement or change according to the technical scheme and the inventive concept of the application within the technical range disclosed by the application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A drive fixture for finish turning of an axle, comprising: The main shaft box (1) fixed on one side of the machine tool and the tailstock (2) sliding on the other side are characterized in that the inner sides of the main shaft box (1) and the tailstock (2) are provided with driving shafts and driven shafts in a concentric manner, the other ends of the driving shafts and the driven shafts are respectively provided with end centers (4) and tail centers (5), the end centers (4) and the tail centers (5) are respectively inserted into the center holes at the two ends of the axle, the outer part of the end center (4) is surrounded by a sleeve (6), the sleeve (6) is provided with a guide assembly for guiding the rotation of the axle, the guide assembly comprises a guide column (7) and a spring (8), wherein the guide column (7) is slidingly arranged in the inner part of the sleeve (6), the front end of the guide column (7) is connected with a brass column (9) through screw threads, the spring (8) is sleeved on the tail end of the guide column (7) for driving it to move out of the sleeve (6) and be inserted into the threaded hole on the end surface of the axle to guide the rotation of the axle, and the back part of the main shaft box (1) is provided with a main shaft motor for driving the rotation of the driving shaft, the sleeve (6) and the guide column (7).

2. A drive fixture for finish turning of vehicle axles as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The end part of the driving shaft is provided with a flange plate (3), the middle position of the flange plate (3) is provided with a through hole (301), the sleeve (6) is inserted into the inner part of the through hole (301), and the middle position of the sleeve (6) is provided with an insertion hole (601), the end center (4) is installed in the inner part of the insertion hole (601), and the inner cavity wall of the through hole (301), the circumferential outer wall of the sleeve (6) and the insertion hole (601) are all processed with a 1:20 taper to ensure the coaxiality of assembly.

3. A drive fixture for finish turning of vehicle axles as claimed in claim 2 wherein, The guide column (7) is composed of a sliding column body (71), a limiting shaft shoulder (72), a guide shaft core (73) and a threaded shaft head (74), wherein the inner part of the sleeve (6) is provided with a guide sliding groove (602) and a guide sliding hole (603) which are in communication with each other on the index circle of the axis of the insertion hole (601), the sliding column body (71) and the limiting shaft shoulder (72) are slidingly installed in the inner part of the guide sliding hole (603) and the guide sliding groove (602) respectively, and a through opening for the sliding of the sliding column body (71) is arranged between the guide sliding groove (602) and the guide sliding hole (603), and the diameter of the limiting shaft shoulder (72) is greater than the inner diameter of the through opening.

4. A drive fixture for finish turning of vehicle axles as claimed in claim 3 wherein, The guide shaft core (73) is arranged at the end of the limiting shaft shoulder (72) away from the sliding column body (71), the spring (8) is wrapped around the outer part of the guide shaft core (73) and tightly abuts against the end face of the limiting shaft shoulder (72), and the other end of the spring (8) is provided with a limiting seat (81) for the installation thereof, the tail end inner wall of the guide sliding groove (602) is provided with a second threaded groove (604), and the limiting seat (81) is installed at the tail end of the guide sliding groove (602) through the second threaded groove (604).

5. A drive fixture for finish turning of vehicle axles as claimed in claim 3 wherein, The sliding column body (71) is provided with a threaded shaft head (74) at one end outside the sleeve (6), the outer wall of the threaded shaft head (74) is threadedly sleeved with a brass column (9), the brass column (9) is inserted into the threaded hole in the end face of the axle shaft through the sliding of the sliding column body (71), and brass is selected to protect the thread from being damaged during processing.

6. A drive fixture for finish turning of vehicle axles as claimed in claim 2 wherein, The sleeve (6) is provided with an annular end plate (61) at one end outside the through hole (301), the end face of the annular end plate (61) is provided with a fixing bolt (62), and the fixing bolt (62) penetrates the annular end plate (61) and is installed into the first threaded groove (302) in the end face of the flange plate (3).

7. The drive fixture for finish turning of vehicle axles of claim 1 wherein, The bottom end of the tail seat (2) is provided with a driving assembly for driving it to walk, the driving assembly includes a base and a servo motor, wherein the top end of the base is provided with a sliding rail, the tail seat (2) is slidingly installed on the top end of the base through the sliding rail, and the servo motor is arranged on one side of the base for driving the rotation of the lead screw. The tail seat (2) can walk on the base by rotating the lead screw to approach or away from the spindle box (1).

8. The drive fixture for finish turning of vehicle axles of claim 1 wherein, The number of sleeves (6) is several, and the positions and numbers of the guide columns (7) on the several sleeves (6) correspond to the threaded holes in the end faces of axles of different specifications and models.

9. A method of machining a drive fixture for finish turning of vehicle axles according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step one, select the sleeve (6) according to the position and number of the threaded hole in the end face of the axle, and install the sleeve (6) on the end face of the flange plate (3) and around the outside of the end center (4) by using the fixing bolt (62); Step two, use the crane to hoist the axle between the spindle box (1) and the tail seat (2), and align the center holes at both ends of the axle with the end center (4) and the tail center (5) respectively; Step three, use the crane to hoist the axle to move, insert the end center (4) on the inside of the spindle box (1) into the center hole in the end face of one end of the axle, at the same time, drive the tail seat (2) to walk close to the spindle box (1) by using the driving assembly, then drive the tail center (5) on the back of the tail seat (2) to move and insert into the center hole in the end face of the other end of the axle, and clamp the axle between the end center (4) and the tail center (5); Step four, measure the position of the end face of the tail end of the axle by using the tool holder measuring head, determine the feed position and the retreat position, then replace the measuring head on the tool holder with the turning tool; Step five, drive the driving shaft, flange plate (3) and sleeve (6) to rotate at low speed by using the spindle motor, rotate the guide column (7) extending out of the surface of the sleeve (6) to one side of the threaded hole in the end face of the axle, insert the guide column (7) into the threaded hole to transmit torque to the axle under the elastic force of the spring (8), drive the axle to rotate, at the same time, increase the rotation speed of the axle to the working speed, start the feed to complete the cylindrical surface finishing of the workpiece shaft. Step six, after the machining is completed, the axle is lifted by the crane, the driving assembly drives the tail seat (2) to return to the original position, the tail end of the axle is separated from the tail center (5) to prevent the axle from falling off, at the same time, the crane lifts the axle to the tail end, the axle is separated from the end center (4), the end center (4) and the guide column (7) are separated, and then the axle is taken away, and the finishing machining of the axle is completed.

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